Treatment of urethritis in men. Causes, symptoms and treatment of urethritis in men

Urethritis is an inflammatory process that is located in the urethra. This disease is very common, and the pathology develops regardless of the age and gender of the patient. In order to clearly understand what urethritis is in a man, what are the symptoms and methods of treating this pathology, it is necessary to clearly understand the anatomy of the male urethra.

Anatomical features and structure male urethra

The outlet in the bladder is the beginning urinary canal, which in medical and scientific circles commonly called the urethra. This is a small-diameter reproductive tube, which has a length of 16 to 24 centimeters. It is worth noting that the female urethra is only 4 centimeters long. Exactly like this comparative characteristics and are the main reason for the differences in the manifestations of urethritis among representatives different genders, accordingly, if in women urethritis can pass without visible pathological symptoms, then in males the disease is very different intense symptoms and may appear soon after direct infection and development inflammatory process.

The male urinary canal consists of the following sections:

prostatic department. This is part of the urethra, which is located in the prostate gland and is about 4 centimeters long. The prostatic section is also called prostate;

membranous section. Also called membranous. Its length is 2 centimeters. The beginning of the section is located behind the prostate gland and ends at the base of the penis. This space of the male urethra is the narrowest;

spongy section, or spongy. It is the longest section of the urinary canal and is located inside the shaft of the penis. Compared to the membranous and prostatic, the spongy section is characterized by mobility. This section of the urethra ends with an outlet called the meatus.

Classification of urethritis

The clinical picture and methods of therapy depend on the type of infectious agent that caused inflammation, the stage of neglect and intensity of the disease, the presence concomitant diseases and provoking factors. That is why the prescription of effective and adequate treatment depends on the nature of the pathology.

Classification of urethritis according to etiological indicators
Non-infectious urethritis	Infectious urethritis
To diseases non-infectious nature relate: congestive urethritis - may appear due to venous stagnation in the pelvis; traumatic urethritis - appears against the background of ruptures and tears of the urethra, as well as after surgical interventions(catheterization, cystoscopy); allergic urethritis - develops due to exposure to allergens.	Each type of infectious urethritis has its own specific type of pathogen, and only with mixed urethritis can inflammation occur against the background of the action of two or more pathogenic organisms: tuberculous; mixed; gardnerella; chlamydial; ureaplasmic; mycotic; bacterial; trichomonas; viral; mycoplasma; Trichomonas.
Classification according to severity of symptoms	Classification according to the characteristics of the disease
Chronic urethritis is divided into periods without exacerbations and the acute stage: low-active urethritis; moderate degree of disease activity (urethritis); high degree of inflammation of the urinary canal.	Fresh urethritis is divided into: torpid; subacute;
Classification by disease specificity	Classification according to the characteristics of the onset of the disease
specific – these are sexually transmitted infections (chlamydia, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea) and tuberculosis; nonspecific - the causative agent of the infection is microorganisms that are constantly present in the body, but are suppressed by a healthy immune system.	primary – the disease occurs as an isolated pathology; secondary – develops due to the presence of other diseases in the body.

In most cases, the causative agents of urethritis are chlamydia and gonococci, while in approximately 50% of cases these infectious agents cannot be detected when examining the material.

Symptoms of urethritis

After direct infection of the body, symptoms of urethritis appear after some time, and the time period from the moment of infection to the first signs of pathology directly depends on the incubation period of the pathogen. For allergic urethritis - a few hours, for tuberculosis - several years, for viral - several months, for candidiasis and trichomoniasis - two to three weeks, for chlamydial - 7-14 days, for gonorrheal - 3-7 days.

Most typical symptoms male urethritis are:

the presence of characteristic discharge that appears from the urethra;

burning, itching and pain when urinating.

Other symptoms characteristic of STDs, by type general weakness and hyperemia, is not observed with urethritis. However, the nature of the discharge can be different and depends on the type of pathogen that caused urethritis. In most cases, green or white discharge appears with unpleasant smell, against which yellow crusts may form on the penis. The discharge is most noticeable in the morning.

In addition, along with the discharge, redness and sticking of the external opening of the urethra may be present. Pain in the lower abdomen can occur regardless of the type of urethritis, but even they are not constant symptom pathology.

The process of urination is also disrupted, which initial stage quite often accompanied by cloudy urine, pain, and at the same time the number of daily urges to urinate increases. The end of this process may be accompanied by sharp pain and sometimes with blood.

If the disease has become chronic, then the symptoms of the disease may disappear altogether, there will be no discharge, and the patient may only be bothered by mild itching and discomfort in the urethral area. More bright severe symptoms observed only during periods of exacerbation of the disease.

With bacterial urethritis there are purulent discharge, with trichomoniasis - whitish, with gonorrheal urethritis - gray-yellow or greenish. Also, the discharge may be insignificant or completely absent, but the man will be bothered by blood in the semen or urine, burning and itching during urination, swelling of the penis, painful sensations at the time of sexual intercourse.

The table shows the most characteristic symptoms urethritis for its different types.

Non-infectious urethritis
Traumatic urethritis	Symptoms depend on the nature of the injury - burning and pain when urinating.
Allergic urethritis	Also pain and burning, however, a feature is the presence of allergic edema.
Congestive urethritis	Classic symptoms are often completely absent. It manifests itself in different types of sexual dysfunction.
Infectious urethritis
Tuberculous urethritis	In most cases, it occurs against the background of renal tuberculosis or genital tuberculosis. Mycotic tuberculosis bacteria penetrate into the urethra through urine flow. Has few symptoms (sweating, increased fatigue, low-grade fever).
Gardnerella urethritis	The incubation period ranges from one week to several months. In most cases, it is present as a component of mixed urethritis.
Chlamydial urethritis	There are no stinging or burning sensations, slight discharge. In most cases it occurs chronically.
Ureaplasma urethritis	Most often accompanied by trichomoniasis or gonorrheal urethritis. The incubation period is about 1 month. There is green or white discharge, burning and itching when urinating. Symptoms worsen due to sexual intercourse or alcohol intake.
Mycotic urethritis	The incubation period is about 20 days, there is burning and itching. The discharge is watery or mucous, sometimes pale pink in color.
Bacterial urethritis	Purulent discharge. The symptoms are erased. The incubation period can last several months.
Trichomonas urethritis	Is different constant itching in the area of the head of the penis, the presence of grayish-white discharge and difficulty urinating are also characteristic.
Viral urethritis	The course of the pathology is sluggish, the symptoms are mild. May be accompanied by conjunctivitis or joint inflammation
Mycoplasma urethritis	Quite rarely occurs in isolation. In most cases it is combined with gonorrheal or trichomonas urethritis.
Gonorrheal urethritis	Gray-yellow discharge from the urethra, acute pain at the time of urination. The pus contained in the urine gives it a cloudy color. Blood impurities appear in semen and urine.

Treatment of urethritis in men

The choice of treatment for urethritis, like any other disease, is made based on diagnostic data. First of all, use the readings laboratory research. Taken into account general analysis blood and urine, urethroscopy data, examination of urethral smears, bacteriological culture urine.

Treatment procedures can be carried out in outpatient setting During treatment, it is important to be systematic and accurate in following medical instructions; hospitalization is not necessary. If the reception antimicrobials is interrupted, carried out irregularly, or the patient drinks alcohol during therapy, the disease threatens to become chronic.

It is quite obvious that the selection of drugs for drug treatment male urethritis is carried out by a doctor, and the patient must comply with necessary rules: drink plenty of fluids, do not consume pickled, smoked foods, spices, herbs, avoid alcohol, observe personal hygiene rules, exclude sexual activity.

Selection medicines is carried out purely individually. Any infectious urethritis is treated with antibiotics. The most pronounced effect is achieved when using an antibacterial drug selected on the basis of a sensitivity test. It is thanks to this research that it is possible to select the most effective remedy for treatment.

Treatment of bacterial, gonorrheal urethritis

Antibiotics of the cephalosporin group demonstrate excellent results in the treatment of gonorrheal urethritis. In addition to them, kanamycins, oletethrins, erythromycins, and tetracyclines can be prescribed. In this case, kanamycins must be used with extreme caution, since these drugs are highly toxic. Long-acting drugs - bicillin-5 and bicillin-3 - should be prescribed in short courses. In some cases, if gonorrheal urethritis is complicated by other infections, it is practiced simultaneous use several antibacterial drugs. In such cases, it is best to use the complex “Gentamicin” and “Azithromycin” (“Ecomed”, “Hemomycin”, “Azitrox”, “Azicide”, “Z-factor”, “Sumamed”).

In order to prevent the occurrence of candidiasis due to prolonged antibiotic therapy, Levorin, Fluconazole, Nystatin, Pimafucin and other antimycotic drugs are prescribed. The most important aspect treatment is an individual selection of drugs. Quite often, men who suffer from gonorrheal urethritis ask friends to “prick” and use antibiotics uncontrollably and without consulting a doctor. Such self-medication is unacceptable, because long-term use strong anti-inflammatory drugs without a clear treatment plan and control of cure can lead to the transition of urethritis to a chronic form and the development of resistance of the pathogen to drugs.

In addition to antibiotics, the patient should take immunostimulating drugs and vitamins. To be completely sure that the body has freed itself from gonococcus and is completely cured, it is necessary to take control smears three times. Only after receiving negative results studies, we can assume that the patient is completely healthy.

Gardnerella, ureaplasma and mycoplasma urethritis

These types of urethritis are treated with the antibiotics lincosamines, fluoroquinolones, macrolides and tetracyclines. The tetracycline group, specifically doxycycline, is considered the most effective. A group of macrolides (clarithromycin) also gives excellent results. Immunostimulants are also prescribed.

For any specific urethritis, it is necessary to carry out simultaneous therapy for both sexual partners.

Trichomonas urethritis

If a man is diagnosed with Trichomonas urethritis, when selecting medications, they turn to Metrogil, Trichopolum and Metronidazole. If urethritis is chronic, antibiotic therapy is added to treatment. In case of inadequate treatment, infertility may develop.

Candidal urethritis

Treatment of candidal urethritis in men requires a completely different approach. The main drugs to combat this pathology are antimycotic drugs, such as Pimafucin, Nystatin, Clotrimazole, Fluconazole. Important has a qualitatively selected treatment for the underlying disease, which is the cause of candidal urethritis.

Chlamydia urethritis

The only antibiotic that actively fights the causative agent of this infection is azithromycin. If you choose the wrong drug for chalmydia urethritis, serious complications can occur - inflammatory diseases, epididymitis, Reiter's syndrome, infertility. If the patient has individual intolerance azithromycin, alternatively use: doxycycline, levofloxacin, erythromycin, ofloxacin, clarithromycin. Immunostimulating drugs and vitamins should also be used in combination.

Viral urethritis

Treatment is carried out using antiviral drugs. The sooner treatment is started, the faster the recovery will occur. Among antiviral drugs, preference is given to: “Gerpevir”, “Famciclovir”, “Riboverine”, “Acyclovir”. It is not advisable to use antibiotics for this form of pathology, since they are not able to fight viruses.

Non-specific chronic urethritis

Treatment of nonspecific chronic male urethritis is not as fast as for infectious ones. Chronic course the disease is quite often aggravated associated pathologies, and signs of the disease are mild or may be absent altogether. Therefore, therapy for chronic urethritis should begin with taking immunostimulants. Only this approach makes it possible to activate the body’s defenses to fight infection. After receiving the result, antibiotic therapy is selected individually. Main feature Treatment of nonspecific forms of urethritis is the absence of the need to treat the sexual partner.

Not infectious urethritis

For allergic urethritis it is necessary to use antihistamines. If urethritis is caused by stagnation of blood in the pelvic area (congestive), it is necessary to eliminate the cause of this stagnation. For traumatic urethritis, in addition to antimicrobial therapy, surgical intervention may also be required.

Antibiotics may be prescribed for:

installation of the drug through catheter administration into the urethra;

intravenous infusions in 0.2% of cases of acute urethritis;

intramuscular injections in 18%;

oral intake in 81%;

use of only one antibiotic - monotherapy 41%;

two – 41%;

three – 13%;

four antibiotics – 5% of cases.

The most popular antibiotics for acute male urethritis, which are prescribed by a doctor depending on the type of pathogen

Trichomonas urethritis in combination with atypical agents	Gonococcal urethritis		Mixed urethritis
"Ornidazole"	"Doxycycline"		"Josamycin"
"Josamycin"	"Ciprofloxacin"		"Ceftriaxone"
"Azithromycin"	"Metronidazole"		"Ornidazole"
"Doxycycline"	"Azithromycin"		"Secnidazole"
"Metronidazole"	"Ceftriaxone"		"Fluconazole"
			"Doxycycline"
			"Azithromycin"
Non-gonococcal urethritis, which is caused by atypical agents		Urethritis of unknown etiology
"Clarithromycin"		"Clarithromycin"
"Secnidazole"		"Ciprofloxacin"
"Josamycin"		"Tinidazole"
"Metronidazole"		"Nimorazole"
"Doxycycline"		"Josamycin"
"Ofloxacin"		"Secnidazole"
"Fluconazole"		"Fluconazole"
"Azithromycin"		"Ceftriaxone"
		"Doxycycline"
		"Metronidazole"
		"Azithromycin"

Complementary Therapies

In addition to the basic course of treatment with antibacterial drugs that suppress acute symptoms diseases, others are also widely used healing methods, which relate to local and physiotherapeutic procedures.

Local procedures involve the injection of medications directly into the opening of the urethra. Urethral installations are performed using the drug hydrocortisone, Dioxidin and Mirimistin. Local treatment gives good result, given that integrated use with other drugs.

Physiotherapeutic treatment is used exclusively in cases of chronic urethritis; the use of these methods in acute inflammatory processes is strictly contraindicated. Magnetic therapy, laser therapy, UHF, electrophoresis may be prescribed. However, all these methods should be carried out only systematically and only under the supervision of specialists.

Causes of urethritis in men

sexually transmitted infections are the most common cause urethritis in men who are sexually active. If sexual intercourse is performed without the use of means barrier contraception, then the probability of pathogen penetration into the urethra is very high;

urolithiasis - found much more often in men than in women. This disease causes traumatic urethritis, for the reason that stones, moving along the genitourinary tract, actively injure the mucous membrane and lead to the attachment pathogenic microorganisms;

any injury to the penis and severe physical exercise may cause the development of urethritis;

hypothermia is one of the most important provocateurs of exacerbations chronic diseases(including extrapulmonary tuberculosis, viruses, infections), since in this case they are significantly reduced protective functions body;

general decrease in immunity - smoking, alcohol abuse, overwork, lack of sleep, poor nutrition leads to natural exhaustion protective forces body;

medical procedures (catheterization Bladder, smear) - carry a risk of injury to the mucous membrane of the urethra, and urethritis can develop if the necessary disinfection measures are not followed;

nutrition - an abundance of sour, spicy, salty foods leads to irritation of the mucous membranes, which contributes to the addition of infection. Lack of fluid causes rare urination; therefore, natural rinsing of the genitourinary tract does not occur. harmful microorganisms which may accidentally enter the urethra.

Prevention of complications of urethritis

Statistics say that every second man on the planet after 50 years has prostatitis. Do not think that prostatitis can directly cause urethritis. However, quite often the occurrence of prostatitis occurs against the background of active infectious diseases genitourinary system. Urethritis can cause the development of Reiter's syndrome, infertility, sexual dysfunction, colliculitis, balanoposthitis, orchitis, vesiculitis. In order to minimize the risk of complications of urethritis, a man should:

avoid excessive and intense physical activity;

do not get carried away with salty, spicy, fatty foods, alcohol;

empty the bladder at the first urge to urinate, try to “tolerate” less;

avoid hypothermia;

promptly treat any chronic pathologies;

lead a decent sex life, observe the rules of intimate hygiene.

The most frequent patients urologists are men who seek treatment for urethritis. The disease manifests itself at any age and passes with severe symptoms. Severe itching and pain when urinating do not allow a man to wait out a relapse without going to the doctor. If the acute form of the disease is not treated, the inflammatory process will spread to prostate gland and testicles, which will bring with it even more painful processes.

What is urethritis in men?

And it happens differently for men. If the disease is in female body is almost asymptomatic due to anatomical feature urinary tract, then men suffer from this disease more. Male urethritis is an inflammation of the urethra caused by various reasons. The most common among them is some kind of sexually transmitted disease that promotes inflammation.

After pathogenic microbes enter the urethra, within a few hours increased fatigue and weakness appear, preceding the main symptoms of urethritis. Urethritis also has a non-infectious origin, but rarely. Factors in such cases include allergic reactions, trauma to the genitals, violation metabolic processes or poor nutrition.

Urethritis in men can negatively affect reproductive function and entail serious violation functionality of the genitourinary system. Therefore, identifying signs that indicate the onset of an inflammatory process in the urethra is an indicator of consulting a doctor for examination and comprehensive treatment.

Symptoms and signs of urethral inflammation

The first symptoms of urethritis in a man appear, depending on the incubation period of the pathogen, from several hours (allergic) to several years (tuberculosis). The most typical of all types of urethritis are the following symptoms:

Burning, itching, pain when urinating.
Purulent discharge.
Frequent urination.

Hyperemia or high temperature with urethritis, as a rule, it is not observed. The discharge depends on the pathogen and is different character. Often this is a green or white with an unpleasant odor, which appear in the morning and form yellow crusts on the penis. With inflammation of the urethra, redness and sticking of the external opening, pain in the lower abdomen, and cloudy urine may be observed.

Causes

Urethritis in a man can be caused by several reasons. As already mentioned, the most common are sexually transmitted diseases. But inflammation of the urethra can occur if a man ignores the rules of personal hygiene, because dirt quickly collects on the genitals and pathogenic bacteria multiply.

E. coli, which is on the surface intimate area remains after bowel movements, very actively increases its population on the skin. When it gets deep into the urethra, signs of urethritis develop immediately. Pathogenic microbes that affect the urethra include:

staphylococci;
streptococci;
coli.

Urolithiasis can also cause the development of urethritis. Stones that are located in the kidneys, under certain conditions, can end up in a man’s urethra, causing inflammation. Medical interventions also often become the cause of inflammation, since microscopic abrasions very quickly become infected with an infection in the body and then become inflamed.

Diagnostics - what tests to take?

The presence of any of the above symptoms is a reason to visit a urologist, who should make a diagnosis based on laboratory and clinical tests. At initial examination the doctor examines the discharge from the urethra by applying pressure, examines the swelling and redness of the urethral sponges, feels how painful and dense the urethra is and whether the inguinal lymph nodes are enlarged.

Each patient with suspected urethritis is examined for HIV infection and syphilis, and is also sent for the following tests:

Urogenital smear.
Culture from the urethra for sensitivity to antibiotics.
PCR studies to identify pathogens of urethritis.
General urine analysis.
Three-glass urine sample.
Urethroscopy.
General blood analysis.
Biochemistry of blood.
Rheumatic tests if urethritis appears after a sore throat.

How to treat urethritis in men - drugs

Before starting treatment, the doctor warns that during treatment for urethritis, sexual intercourse, oral sex, and masturbation are completely prohibited. If the disease is caused by a sexually transmitted infection, then treatment of the sexual partner is mandatory. The diet should also be followed, excluding spicy, salty, pickled, fried, spicy foods. Drinking alcohol is strictly prohibited, and drinking water You should consume at least 2 liters daily to improve metabolism and speedy recovery.

Antibiotics

It is impossible to cure urethritis without antibiotics. The type of medication, dosage and treatment regimen for urethritis is determined by the doctor, depending on the causative agent of the disease and based on the type of pathology. Common antibiotics It is not prescribed for urethritis, since each microorganism has its own sensitivity to drugs.

For the treatment of gonococcal urethritis, antibiotics such as Azithromycin and Cefipmaxone are prescribed.
For the treatment of Trichomonas urethritis, Trinidazole and Metronidazole are more suitable.

Antiseptics

Towards effective antiseptic drugs include: “Miramistin”, “Furacilin”.

Ointments and suppositories

In the complex of antibacterial therapy, local drugs (ointments and suppositories) are used to speed up the healing process. For example, it will be effective in treating viral urethritis caused by herpes. Rectal suppositories their effectiveness is equal to injections, so urologists often prescribe them for treatment different types urethritis in men: Metronidazole, Hexicon, Indomethacin, Cifran.

Immunomodulators

These are substances that affect the work immune system person. It is known that the higher the immunity, the faster the recovery will come. Immunomodulators are mandatory medications for the treatment of urethritis in men. They are prescribed in addition to antibiotics so that they do not suppress the immune system.

Effective drugs of domestic production: “Timalin”, “Myelopid”.

Vitamins

During the treatment of urethritis, vitamin deficiency in the body must be replenished, so doctors prescribe complex therapy multivitamin complexes with vitamins A, E,

C, D and minerals. A proper diet can compensate for the lack of some vitamins, but not fully. For example, vitamin A is found in the form of esters in animal products, so when strict diet its reserves cannot be replenished at the required levels.

Popular vitamin complexes for urethritis: “Bio-max”, “Pikovit forte”.

Treatment of urethritis with folk remedies

It is impossible to cure urethritis using folk methods alone. But decoctions and herbal tinctures will help alleviate the condition. We offer several folk recipes which will help with chronic urethritis and will be an excellent prevention of relapses:

Infusion of black currant leaves. Great replacement vitamin complex And antiseptic. Take 30 gr. dry leaves, pour a glass of boiling water, leave for one hour, then strain. Drink three times a day before meals (15 minutes before). If possible, use fresh berries black currants for food. The duration of treatment is not limited.
Oak bark infusion. It will help relieve burning and pain when urinating. Brew a tablespoon of oak bark with boiling water (1 cup), leave for three hours. The resulting product should be drunk 1 tbsp. l. 3 times/day before meals, warm. The infusion is also used for men in the form of baths or lotions.
Infusion of cornflower flowers. Pour boiling water over one teaspoon of dried cornflower flowers, leave for an hour, then consume 2 tbsp. l. before meals 3 times a day until the natural microflora is restored and the inflammatory process passes.

Complications

Treatment of urethritis in men is mandatory, because ignoring the inflammatory process can lead to damage not only to the urethra, but also to the scrotum, testicles, prostate gland. Urethritis is difficult to treat, but diseases of the reproductive system can lead to inability to bear children, and such processes are often irreversible.

In men, complications of urethritis can lead to : prostatitis, funiculitis, seminal vesicles, the formation of epidyrmitis or orchitis.

Chronic desquamative urethritis can lead to keratinization of the epithelium, and staphylococcal pathology can lead to a more complex consequence of urethritis - narrowing of the urethra, which occurs due to scarring of the mucosal tissue. This disease leads to disruption of the outflow of urine, its return to the kidneys with the formation renal failure and pyelonephritis.

Types of male urethritis

Male urethritis is divided into several types and types. It can be infectious and non-infectious, primary and secondary, that is, it enters the urethra from already infected organs. Classification of urethritis in men is also carried out according to its characteristics (types of pathogen).

Active sex life brings not only pleasure, but also problems. They are most often associated with diseases genitourinary organs, sometimes viral, and in other cases bacterial. Let’s not dwell on the tired maxim that sexual intercourse without a condom is like riding a roller coaster without seat belts. Urologists daily encounter hundreds of different diseases, their symptoms and consequences. Some diseases develop in genitourinary system hidden, and only later long time exhibit identifiable symptoms. Others, on the contrary, “shine” pathological symptoms from the very beginning, causing significant inconvenience and limiting a person’s capabilities. Urethritis in men is one of these diseases. Inflammation of the walls of the urethra (which, in essence, is urethritis) occurs in the male half, of course, more painfully, but is sometimes observed in women. The topic of today's review is how to treat urethritis in men, and what medications modern pharmacy offers in this case.

general information

Inflammation of the walls occurs, most often, due to infection. IN in rare cases, the development of the disease was observed against the background of injuries received during the necessary medical procedures (for example, the introduction of a catheter or drugs). Infectious lesion genital organs has its own classification:

Specific urethritis - when the main cause of the disease is an infectious agent that is transmitted through sexual contact from partner to partner;
Nonspecific urethritis - their root cause is pathogens of opportunistic quality;
Primary urethritis - if the infection enters and develops immediately in the urethra;
The secondary option is when the infection enters the canal from a neighboring, infected organ.

Specific infectious urethritis are also subdivided, but their classification is determined by the pathogen that is the root cause of infection. Let's find out the main types:

Viral;
Bacterial;
Tuberculosis.

Nonspecific urethritis is divided into: congestive, traumatic and allergic. To know how to treat urethritis in men, you should definitely identify harmful microorganism(bacteria or virus).

Causes of the disease

Considering the nature of the occurrence of urethritis, we can confidently say that its causes are clear. Except sexually transmitted diseases, which provoke the inflammatory process, there are several more factors for the development of urethritis:

Hypothermia - male genitalia external organ more often exposed to external influences. The testicles and scrotum, as well as the penis, are sensitive to changes in temperature, and the urethra (passing along the outer part of the urethra) is the first to react to cold;
Diarrhea and constipation - insufficient hygiene plays a role here, due to which the infection can spread to the urethral canal;
Non-compliance elementary rules personal hygiene is when the disease is promoted by the personal irresponsibility of the future patient;
Inflammatory processes in organs located nearby or included in the genitourinary system. The infection travels through the bloodstream and affects the urethra.

These are the main reasons for the development of the disease; it is impossible to list everything in one article.

Currently the number various diseases urinary system is quite significant. In men, such diseases cause significant inconvenience and discomfort, as a result of which their therapy should begin immediately after the appearance of the first symptoms. The signs and consequences of ailments can be very diverse, so in no case should you ignore the need for treatment, so as not to have problems in the future. adverse complications.

Among the main possible consequences Experts identify inflammation of the prostate and testicles as urethritis, or the development of infertility.

Symptoms

In order to pay attention to the development of urethritis in time, it is necessary to understand its symptoms. Signs of the disease are as follows:

itching sensation;
appearance pain syndrome during urination;
the occurrence of a burning sensation;
the release of secretions and the urethral canal having an unpleasant foul odor;
Sometimes hyperemia (redness of the penis) may occur.

Depending on the type of disease, its incubation period can range from several hours to several years. The first happens when the cause of the illness is allergic reaction, and the second - when the etiology of the disease lies in human tuberculosis.

Drugs for treatment

Many drugs can be used to treat urethritis. I consider the most popular among them to be such groups of medications as:

Oral antibacterial antibiotics . Among them, the most commonly used drugs are Doxycycline, Azithromycin, Ceftriaxone and Metronidazole. They fight well against bacterial infection of the urethral canal.
Local antibacterial medications. Most often, doctors prescribe Miramistin, potassium permanganate and Protargol. Such agents help flush out pathogenic lesions in the male urethra. When treating this pathology in this way, it is possible to kill more than 80% of bacterial microorganisms.
Antiviral drugs. The most commonly used drugs in this group are Acyclovir, Riboverine and Herpevir. Such medications are used only for viral infection. In this case, antibiotics should not be used under any circumstances. This is because they are ineffective against viruses.
Antihistamine antiallergic drugs. Among them, the most popular are Suprastin, Loratadine, Tavegil and Cetirzin. Such tools help with allergic lesion, which arises as a consequence of the use of certain substances.
Probiotics. To restore microflora, doctors recommend using Linex and Bufidumbacterin. They improve the condition of the gastrointestinal tract and function digestive tract, since they contain certain enzymes for this.
Immunomodulators. In this plan the greatest effect Cycloferon, Uro-Vakson, Phlogenzyme and Gepon are different. One way or another they raise defense mechanisms body of a sick person, as a result of which the treatment process occurs much faster. In addition, when using such medications, it is possible to reduce the likelihood of relapse of the disease.
Some vitamins And multivitamin complexes. Among them, the most common are drugs such as Vitrum, Duovit and Multitabs. They are useful in cases where the patient’s body lacks beneficial nutrients that help improve organ functionality.
Herbal herbal remedies. They can be used only in cases where the disease is still at the initial stage of its development. Among the drugs of this kind are Gentos, Cyston and Canephron-N. In addition, such medications are used as concomitant therapy.

Treatment of urethritis directly depends on the cause of its occurrence. It is very important that the active substance affects the causative agent of an infectious or any other lesion.

If a patient’s examination reveals Trichomonas, the doctor may prescribe the following types of medications:

Metronidazole. This drug helps eliminate not only trichomonas and various bacteria. In addition, the medicine can relieve a person from ulcers. The active ingredient of the medicine is quite fast period time is able to be absorbed into the mucous membrane. Men who have certain liver problems should not take this drug. It is also worth treating your sexual partner with this medication. The cost of Metonidazole ranges from 43 to 177 rubles.
Doxycycline. This drug is an antibiotic with a wide spectrum of action. Required condition taking medication - during meals using large quantity water. When treating urethritis, a caution is to remain under long-term sunbeams. The cost of Doxycycline ranges from 22 to 32 rubles.

If the patient is found gonococcal infection which caused urethritis, he is recommended the following medications:

Cephalexin. This drug also has wide range actions against a variety of pathogens. Due to the fact that the active substance of the drug is concentrated in the kidneys, it is used to treat diseases of the urinary system. The cost of the medicine is from 70 to 85 rubles.
Azithromycin. This type of drug turns out to be bactericidal effect precisely in those places where foci of the disease form. One of the advantages of the drug - this is the effect of the disease for a week after taking it. This is why doctors often recommend short courses of treatment. The cost of Azithromycin ranges from 105 to 289 rubles.

If during diagnostic examination If a pathogen of non-gonococcal origin is identified, then therapy is best carried out using such means as:

Fluconazole. This tool differs in its action against fungi and infections caused by mycotic lesions. This drug is well tolerated with a minimum side effects. It is allowed to take tablets regardless of meals. The dosage must be adjusted if kidney function decreases. The cost of fluconazole is about 120 rubles.
Ofloxacin. This medication is used in cases where other antibiotics are resistant to the action of pathogenic microorganisms. The drug is used for urethritis due to the fact that 80% of its substances are excreted through the urinary system. If you use drugs that reduce the acidity of the digestive tract during Ofloxacion therapy, the effectiveness of the medication will decrease. The cost of the medication ranges from 25 to 190 rubles.

If the etiology of the disease is not established, then most often specialists prescribe antibiotics such as Azithromycin, Metronidazole, Cephalexin.

The following local medications are also useful for urethritis:

Miramistin. This drug is used against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeast fungi, dermatophytes, viruses and protozoan microorganisms. With help medicine The urethral canal is washed. The cost of the medicine ranges from 198 to 789 rubles.
Fitolysin ointment. It helps to significantly get rid of pathogenic bacteria. Phytolysin is effective for urethritis due to the fact that it has several types of therapeutic effects. The cost of this drug ranges from 339 to 457 rubles.
This drug has several positive properties, which are its advantages. The medication can be used both for therapy and for preventive effects. It is worth noting that, despite the use of the drug on skin person, the medicine may still cause certain side effects. The cost of Cycloferon ranges from 196 to 824 rubles.

Disease in chronic form does not require the use of strong medications. This is often due to the fact that the disease does not cause serious symptoms. For treatment similar illness tools are used such as:

Some types of antibiotics. They are used to eliminate pathogens, causing disease. Among the drugs in this group, Doskycycline, Norfloxacin, Cephalexin, Ofloxacin and Gentamicin are most often used. It is very important to use antibiotics only as prescribed by your doctor.
Antifungal drugs. Most often, experts recommend treating chronic urethritis with drugs such as Fluconazole and Mycosept.
Herbal medicines. These drugs affect not only urethritis, but also the treatment of many other diseases of the genitourinary system. Canephron N and Cyston are considered popular.
Pribiotics. They are used only to normalize the intestinal microflora when using antibiotics. Drugs such as Linex and Acipol are considered effective.

In addition, in order for the drugs to act as beneficially as possible for the sick person, other types of therapy should also be carried out. Among them, the following treatments have proven effective:

compliance proper diet a diet that excludes excessively spicy, fatty foods;
laser therapy;
UHF therapy;
electrophoresis;
compliance with personal hygiene rules;
increasing immunity.

If you follow all the recommendations of doctors, you can achieve elimination of the symptoms of the disease within a few days. But this does not mean that the disease will completely cease to exist. Therapy should be continued for some time after the symptoms disappear.

Prevention

In order not to have to carry out therapy for urethritis in men, it is necessary to perform certain preventive rules. Among them, urologists distinguish the following:

It is necessary to carry out regularly hygiene procedures. You need to wash only with high-quality cosmetics.
During sexual intercourse, you should use protective equipment. Regular condoms will be sufficient.
After anal sex, you should not move on to vaginal sex using the same condom.
The diet should be balanced - including the correct daily ratio of fats, proteins and carbohydrates. This will help boost your immune system.
If necessary, you should definitely visit a urologist immediately for consultation and examination. You cannot carry out therapy on your own.

Prevention of urethritis can completely eliminate the risk of developing this disease, and as a result, the possibility of extreme adverse complications.

You can also find out the opinion of a specialist by watching this video about antibiotics for urethritis, the pros and cons that are used in the treatment of this disease.

The inflammatory process in the urethra in men is called urethritis. This disease Both men and women are susceptible, however, greater discomfort and difficulties in getting rid of the symptoms of the disease manifest themselves in representatives of the stronger half of humanity. Urethritis may pose a threat to normal functioning male genital organs, so it is important to identify the disease in time, establish the causes of urethritis and begin treatment.

To prevent complications and the spread of inflammation to the tissues adjacent to the urethra, it is important to begin treatment when the first signs of urethritis appear in men. They manifest themselves in the form of the following symptoms:

Unpleasant sensations during urination at all stages of bladder emptying. Expressed as a burning sensation acute pain or tingling.
The appearance of discharge from white to yellowish color, often with an unpleasant odor. The discharge is more abundant the first time you urinate after waking up, and during the day it becomes scarcer.
Redness foreskin;
If posterior urethritis occurs, men may experience bleeding.

Symptoms of the disease do not appear immediately, because for different types urethritis is characterized by various incubation periods. So with tuberculous urethritis obvious symptoms can manifest themselves several years after infection, and in case of allergies, within a few hours after the allergen enters the body.

To prescribe therapy that corresponds to the cause of the development of the inflammatory process in the urethra, a comprehensive study of the patient’s medical history and a number of laboratory and instrumental studies. The following methods are used in the diagnosis of urethritis in men:

Laboratory tests of the patient’s blood and urine;
A smear or scraping for testing for sexually transmitted infections;
Bacteriological culture and tests for resistance of identified pathogens to antibiotics;
Ultrasound of the pelvic organs.

Treatment of urethritis in men

Before deciding how to treat urethritis in men, it is important to know exactly what pathogen is associated with the inflammation. There are two groups of urethritis, which are determined depending on the type of infection:

Specific urethritis in men, the treatment of which is based on getting rid of pathogens such as gonococcus, chlamydia, trichomonas, mycoplasma and others.
Nonspecific urethritis in men, the treatment of which is based on the fight against such infectious agents such as E. coli, fungi, streptococcus and staphylococcus.

According to the form of the disease, urethritis is also divided into two groups:

Acute urethritis. In men, treatment of this form takes from 7 to 15 days. At correct diagnosis and therapy full recovery occurs quickly enough, and the disease itself does not develop into a more complex form.
Chronic urethritis. Occurs when treatment is not completed acute form diseases. Chronic urethritis in men, the treatment of which is a set of measures to eliminate not only inflammation of the urethra itself, but also bacterial infection other organs related to the genitourinary system lasts from 2 weeks to several months.

Due to the variety of pathogens, antibiotics for urethritis in men are the most popular drugs, the use of which should be started as early as possible. However, you should not start taking medications on your own, since if there is a pathogen resistant to a certain type of antibiotic, such self-medication may result in serious complications. According to statistics, bacterial urethritis in men, the treatment of which was carried out without preliminary laboratory tests to establish the type of pathogen, in 78% of cases resulted in inflammation spreading to the prostate gland, and in 29% self-medication became the cause of infertility in men.

So, what antibiotics are most often prescribed for urethritis in men:

A group of metronidazoles (Metronidazole, Secnidazole and others).

This group of drugs has shown its effectiveness in treating trichomonas urethritis in men, the symptoms of which are the appearance of whitish discharge from the urethra and a burning sensation when urinating. Besides, distinctive feature Trichomonas urethritis is considered a sensation of “pins and needles” in the genital area.

Tetracycline group of drugs (Doxycillin)

Means, main active substance which is tetracycline, treat gonococcal and non-gonococcal urethritis in men. In addition, therapy with drugs of this group is amenable to venereal diseases gonorrheal urethritis. In men, these types of diseases are characterized by the appearance of pus in the outlet of the urethra, hyperemia of the foreskin of the penis, and the formation of small seals on the head of the genital organ.

A group of fluoroquinolones (Levofloxacin, Ofloxacin and others).

Drugs in this group are used to treat any type of bacterial urethritis in men.

Macrolides (Erythromycin and others).

This group of antibacterial drugs is used quite often to cure bacterial urethritis in men that cannot be treated with drugs from other groups.

Drugs with antiallergic effect, antihistamines.

This group of drugs is used to treat non-infectious urethritis in men, and also as complementary therapy when using products that may cause an allergic reaction.

Particular attention is paid to the treatment of urethritis caused by fungi. Candidal urethritis in men, treatment of which includes taking antifungal drugs and using local remedies: ointments, creams and gels, completely resolves within a week, a maximum of 10 days.

Antibiotics for urethritis in men, as well as other drugs intended to relieve the symptoms of the disease, should be taken only after they have been prescribed by a doctor! Otherwise, time may be lost, which can lead to various complications.