What made Newton famous? Interesting facts about the scientist Isaac Newton
The complete picture of the world created by the great English scientist Isaac Newton still amazes scientists. Newton's merit is that both huge celestial bodies and the smallest grains of sand driven by the wind obey the laws he discovered.
Isaac Newton was born in England on January 4, 1643. At the age of 26 he became a professor of mathematics and physics and taught for 27 years. In the first years of his scientific activity, he became interested in optics, where he made many discoveries. He personally made the first reflecting telescope, which magnified 40 times (a considerable amount at that time).
Since 1676, Newton began studying mechanics. The scientist outlined the main discoveries in this area in the monumental work “Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy.” “Principles” described everything that was known about the simplest forms of motion of matter. Newton's teachings about space, mass and force were of great importance for the further development of physics. Only the discoveries of the 20th century, especially Einstein, showed the limitations of the laws on which Newton's theory of classical mechanics was built. But despite this, classical mechanics has not lost its practical significance.
Isaac Newton laid down the law of universal gravitation and the three laws of mechanics, which became the basis of classical mechanics. He gave a theory of the movement of celestial bodies, creating the foundations of celestial mechanics. He developed differential and integral calculus, made many discoveries in the science of optics and color theory, and developed a number of other mathematical and physical theories. Newton's scientific works were far ahead of the general scientific level of his time, and therefore many of them were poorly understood by his contemporaries. Many of his hypotheses and predictions turned out to be prophetic, for example, the deflection of light in the gravitational field, the phenomenon of polarization of light, the interconversion of light and matter, the hypothesis about the oblateness of the Earth at the poles, etc.
The following words are carved on the grave of the great scientist:
"Here lies
Sir Isaac Newton
Who with the almost divine power of his mind
First explained
Using your own mathematical method
Movements and shapes of the planets,
The paths of comets, the ebb and flow of the ocean.
He was the first to explore the variety of light rays
And the resulting characteristics of colors,
Which until that time no one even suspected.
Diligent, insightful and faithful interpreter
Nature, antiquities and scripture,
He glorified the Almighty Creator in his teaching.
He proved the simplicity required by the Gospel with his life.
Let mortals rejoice that in their midst
Once upon a time there lived such an ornament of the human race.
Sir Isaac Newton is an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, creator of classical mechanics, who made the greatest scientific discoveries in the history of mankind.
Isaac Newton was born on January 4, 1643 (Gregorian calendar) in the village of Woolsthorpe in Lincolnshire. He received his name in honor of his father, who died 3 months before the birth of his son. Three years later, Isaac's mother, Anna Ayscough, remarried. Three more children were born into the new family. Isaac Newton was taken into the care of his uncle, William Ayscough.
Childhood
The house where Newton was born
Isaac grew up withdrawn and silent. He preferred reading to communicating with his peers. He loved making technical toys: kites, windmills, water clocks.
At the age of 12, Newton began attending school in Grantham. He lived at that time in the house of the pharmacist Clark. Perseverance and hard work soon made Newton the best student in his class. But when Newton was 16 years old, his stepfather died. Isaac's mother brought him back to the estate and assigned him household responsibilities. But Newton did not like this at all. He did little housekeeping, preferring reading to this boring activity. One day, Newton's uncle, finding him with a book in his hands, was amazed to see that Newton was solving a mathematical problem. Both his uncle and the school teacher convinced Newton’s mother that such a capable young man should continue his studies.
Trinity College
Trinity College
In 1661, 18-year-old Newton was enrolled at Trinity College, Cambridge University, as a sizar student. Such students were not charged tuition fees. They had to pay their tuition by doing various jobs at the University or serving wealthy students.
In 1664, Newton passed the exams, became a student and began to receive a scholarship.
Newton studied, forgetting about sleep and rest. He studied mathematics, astronomy, optics, phonetics, and music theory.
In March 1663, the department of mathematics was opened at the college. It was headed by Isaac Barrow, a mathematician, future teacher and friend of Newton. In 1664 Newton discovered binomial expansion for an arbitrary rational exponent. This was Newton's first mathematical discovery. Newton would later discover a mathematical method for expanding a function into an infinite series. At the end of 1664 he received his bachelor's degree.
Newton studied the works of physicists: Galileo, Descartes, Kepler. Based on their theories, he created universal world system.
Newton’s programmatic phrase: “In philosophy there can be no sovereign except truth...”. Is this where the famous expression came from: “Plato is my friend, but the truth is dearer”?
Years of the Great Plague
The years 1665 to 1667 were the period of the Great Plague. Classes at Trinity College ceased and Newton went to Woolsthorpe. He took all his notebooks and books with him. During these difficult “plague years,” Newton did not stop studying science. Carrying out various optical experiments, Newton proved that white color is a mixture of all colors of the spectrum. Law of Gravity- this is Newton’s greatest discovery, made by him during the “plague years”. Newton finally formulated this law only after the discovery of the laws of mechanics. And these discoveries were published only decades later.
Scientific discoveries
Newton's telescope
At the beginning of 1672, the Royal Society demonstrated reflecting telescope, which made Newton famous. Newton became a member of the Royal Society.
In 1686 Newton formulated three laws of mechanics, described the orbits of celestial bodies: hyperbolic and parabolic, proved that the Sun also obeys the general laws of motion. All this was set out in the first volume of Mathematical Principles.
In 1669, Newton's world system began to be taught at Cambridge and Oxford. Newton also becomes a foreign member of the Paris Academy of Sciences. In the same year, Newton was appointed manager of the Mint. He leaves Cambridge for London.
In 1669 Newton was elected to parliament. He stayed there for only a year. But in 1701 he was elected there again. That same year, Newton resigned as professor at Trinity College.
In 1703, Newton became president of the Royal Society and remained in this position until the end of his life.
In 1704, the monograph “Optics” was published. And in 1705, Isaac Newton was awarded the title of knight for scientific achievements. This happened for the first time in the history of England.
The famous collection of lectures on algebra, published in 1707 and called “Universal Arithmetic,” laid the foundation for the birth numerical analysis.
In the last years of his life, he wrote the “Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms” and prepared a reference book on comets. Newton very accurately calculated the orbit of Halley's comet.
Isaac Newton died in 1727 in Kensington near London. Buried in Westminster Abbey.
Newton's discoveries allowed humanity to make a giant leap in the development of mathematics, astronomy, and physics.
Isaac Newton is a great English theoretical scientist. Newton's years of life are 1642−1727. Life did not spare the great genius. The scientist suffered a lot of grief, pain and loneliness. Financial difficulties, social pressure, rejection of ideas, death of mother, mental disorder. The great Newton survived everything and gave the world his brilliant ideas for the structure of the world and the Universe. Brief biography of the scientist presented in this article.
Childhood of a young scientist
Newton was born into a farming family with little income. A few months before his birth, his father died. The child was born very weak and premature. All relatives believed that he would not survive. Infant mortality in those years was simply monstrous. The baby was so small that it fit in a wool mitten. The boy fell out of this unfortunate mitten twice onto the floor and hit his head.
At the age of three, the boy remains in the care of his grandparents, as his mother marries for the second time and leaves. He will later be reunited with his mother.
Isaac grew up as a very frail, sickly child. It was absolutely introverted personality- “a thing in itself.” The child was very inquisitive, making various objects: paper kites, carts with pedals, mills, and so on. His interest in reading awoke very early. He often retired to the garden with a book and could study the material for hours.
In 1660, Isaac entered Cambridge University. He was one of the disadvantaged students, therefore, in addition to studying, his duties included serving the university staff.
Study of optical phenomena
In 1665, Newton was awarded the degree of Master of Arts. In the same year, a plague epidemic began in England. Isaac settles in Woolsthorpe. It was here that he began to study optics in order to understand the nature of light. He is studying chromatic aberration, performs hundreds of experiments that have become classics and are still used in educational institutions to this day.
While studying optics, the scientist at first professed wave nature of light. Light moves in the form of waves in the ether. Then he abandoned this theory, realizing that the ether must have a certain degree of viscosity that would impede the movement of cosmic bodies, which does not happen in reality.
Over time, the scientist comes to the idea of the corpuscular nature of light. He conducts experiments on the refraction of light, the processes of reflection and absorption of the spectrum.
Laws of mechanics
Gradually, from experiments with light, the scientist’s understanding of the physics of the surrounding world begins to emerge. It will become the main brainchild of I. Newton. Newton studies matter and the laws of its motion in space:
- Thanks to studies of motion, he comes to the idea that if there are no significant influences on an object, then it will move uniformly and rectilinearly in space. This conclusion is called Newton's first law.
- The second states that moving bodies can acquire acceleration under the influence of forces applied to these bodies. Acceleration is directly proportional to the forces applied to the body and inversely proportional to the mass. It is from the consequences of this law that the understanding of the problems of applied forces comes: what kind of forces they are, how they act, how they arise.
- And finally, the third law is the law of counteraction. The action force is equal to the reaction force. With the same force I press on the wall, with the same force it presses on me.
Law of Gravity
One of Newton's main achievements is the discovery of the law of universal gravitation. There is a myth that a scientist was sitting under an apple tree in the garden and an apple fell on his head. This dawned on the scientist: all bodies are drawn to each other. Miscalculations began on paper, endless formulas and, finally, the result - the force of attraction between bodies is proportional to their mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This formula explained the movement of planets and cosmic bodies. Many physicists met this theory with hostility, since its application seemed very doubtful.
Work in Cambridge
After the plague subsided, Newton returned to Cambridge and joined the mathematics department in 1668. By this time he was already known in narrow circles as the author of the binomial, the theory of fluxions - integral calculus.
While working as a teacher, he is improving the telescope - creating a reflective telescope. The invention was evaluated representatives of the Royal Society of London. Newton receives an invitation to become a member. However, he refuses under the pretext that he has nothing to pay membership fees. He was allowed to be a member of the club for free.
In 1869, Newton's mother became seriously ill with typhus and was bedridden. Newton loved his mother very much and spent 24 hours a day at her sick bedside. He himself prepared her medicine and looked after her. However, the disease progressed, and soon the mother died.
Membership in the society was painful for Newton. His ideas were often perceived as very oppositional, which greatly upset the scientist. This also affected his health. Constant stress and anxiety resulted in a mental disorder. In 1692 there was a fire and all his manuscripts and works were burned.
That same year, Newton became seriously ill. He suffered from mental illness for two years. He stopped understanding his own works.
The constant need for money and loneliness also caused his illness.
In 1699, Newton was appointed caretaker and director of the mint. This improved the scientist’s financial situation. And in 1703 he was elected president of the Royal Society of London and was awarded a knighthood.
Published works
Let us list the main works of the scientist that were published:
- “Mathematical principles of natural philosophy”;
- "Optics".
Newton's personal life
Newton spent his entire life alone. There are no surviving references to his partners and life partners. It is believed that Isaac was lonely all his life. This, of course, influenced his sublimated switching of sexual energy into creative potential. But this same fact served as the basis for his emotional disorders.
In his mature years, the scientist had great financial wealth and very generously distributed his money to those in need. He said: if you don’t help people during your life, it will mean that you have never helped anyone. He supported all his distant relatives, donated money to the parish in which he was raised for some time, and appointed individual scholarships for talented and capable students (for example, Maclaurin, the famous mathematician).
Throughout his life, Isaac Newton was extremely modest and shy. He did not publish his works for a long time for this reason. Having the rank of director of the Mint, he was very lenient with employees. He was never rude to students or humiliated them. Although the latter often made fun of the professor.
During his lifetime, Isaac Newton did not take photographs, since photography had not yet been invented at that time, but there is great amount portraits of a scientist.
Since 1725, Newton, already at an advanced age, stopped working. In 1727, a new wave of plague epidemic began in Great Britain. Newton falls ill with this terrible disease and dies. In England, mourning is being held in honor of the great scientist. He is buried in Westminster Abbey. On his tombstone there is an inscription: “Let those now living rejoice that such beauty of the human race was in their world.”
The greatness and strength of a real scientist does not lie at all in the number of merits or awards, not in the titles awarded, and not even in the recognition of such by humanity. A true genius is revealed by his theories and discoveries left to the world. One of the immortal ascetics who seriously “pushed” scientific and technological progress with their ideas was Isaac Newton, the weight of whose theories no one will or will be able to question. Every schoolchild knows about the famous laws discovered by him. But how did his life turn out, how exactly did he travel his earthly path?
Isaac Newton: biography of the man without an apple
It is quite possible that without the discoveries made by this man, the world around us would be completely different, different from what we know. They allowed science to take such a big step forward that we can feel the consequences of this even in the twenty-first century. Based on the teachings of his world-famous predecessors, such as Descartes, Galileo, Copernicus, Kepler, he was able to correctly compile and logically complete their works, bringing them to perfection.
Interesting
As a student, the mathematician Newton kept a diary, a kind of notebook. There he contributed the most interesting and important, in his opinion, thoughts, hypotheses and theories. There is a phrase that perfectly characterizes him: “There can be no king in any philosophy except absolute truth. We must build golden monuments to the great, but at the same time write on each of them that the scientist’s main friend is the true truth.”
Briefly about the English mathematician Newton
This man really managed to create a completely new picture of the world, closer to reality than the one that people had used before. Carrying out interesting and quite daring experiments for his time, the scientist was able to prove that mixing all the tones of the spectrum would not result in darkness, as previously thought, but in a perfectly white color. However, this is far from the main thing, because Newton’s most outstanding discovery is considered to be the law of universal gravitation. There is even a legend about an apple that fell on a mathematician’s head, familiar to everyone from childhood.
The ascetic himself never aspired to fame or fame, and his works were published only several decades after they were written. He even “scribbled” in his notebook that fame would increase the number of various friends, friends and acquaintances, which could interfere with continuing to work. He didn’t show the first treatise to anyone at all, so his descendants managed to find it only three hundred years after the death of the great master. The years of Newton's life cannot be called either simple or comfortable, but they certainly were not fruitless.
Isaac's Early Years
Isaac Newton Sr., the father of the future luminary of physics and mathematics, was born in the sixth year of the seventeenth century in a tiny village called Woolsthorpe, which is located in Lincolnshire. The physicist himself believed that the family descended from people from Scotland, and in the fifteenth century there were references to impoverished nobles with a similar surname. However, modern research has proven that even a hundred years before the birth of the scientist, the Newtons were peasants and worked on the land.
The guy grew up, married a decent girl, Anna Ayscough, worked hard as a farmer, and even saved up enough money to leave his wife and newborn offspring several hundred acres of good land and more than five hundred pounds of money. The man unexpectedly died from a sudden and fleeting illness, at a time when his wife was just about to give birth. On December 25, just on Catholic Christmas 1642, a weak and sickly boy was born without waiting for his due date, whom it was decided to name in honor of his father, Isaac.
The baby had no other siblings. However, four years later, mother found an excellent match. She married an elderly widower. Despite her husband's advanced age, the woman gave birth to three more children. The kids required care and attention, and Isaac was left to his own devices. The woman simply did not have enough strength and time to pay enough attention to her firstborn. The boy grew up smart, never cried, did not whine and did not “pull the blanket over.” His mother's brother, Uncle William, was involved in his upbringing. Together with him, Isaac enthusiastically made various technical gizmos, for example, boats with sails, a water mill or an hourglass.
In 1953, my stepfather ordered me to live long, but my mother never had time for the boy from her first marriage. However, she did not forget to take care of his well-being, we should give her her due. As soon as Anna received her late husband’s inheritance, she immediately transferred it to young Isaac. Only at the age of twelve was the tomboy assigned to school in a neighboring town called Grantham. To prevent him from walking several tens of kilometers every day, they rented a bed for him from a local pharmacist. Four years later, the mother tried to take her son out of school and involve him in managing the estate, but he was not at all interested in the “family business.”
In addition, the school teacher Stokes, his beloved uncle William, who saw the young man’s potential, also began asking to send him to the university. The pharmacist with whom the boy lodged and his city acquaintance Humphrey Babington from Cambridge College joined the pleas, and the woman gave in. In 1961, no one knew who Isaac Newton was.
The guy entered the university and soon took up his favorite activity - science. More than three decades of the life of an outstanding scientist are associated with this educational institution. In sixty-four, he had already compiled for himself a list of unresolved mysteries, mysteries and problems of humanity (Questiones quaedam philosophicae), consisting of more than four dozen points. He was supposed to be able to deal with each of them.
Plague years, glorious for science
The year 1664 turned out to be not only fruitful for young Newton, who had just become interested in mathematics and also successfully passed his exams, receiving a bachelor's degree, but also terrible for the entire country. In London, houses began to appear on the facades of which fiery scarlet crosses glowed - a sign of the Great Epidemic of the Bubonic Plague, from which there was no escape. She did not spare either children or adults, did not choose among men or women, and did not divide people into estates and classes. In the summer of '65, college classes were canceled. Having collected his favorite books, Isaac went home to the village.
There is even a special historical name for the period of 65-66 years of the seventeenth century - the Great Plague Epidemic in London. An infectious and terribly contagious disease claimed at least twenty percent of the population of the English capital, successfully carried by hordes of rats. In total, one hundred thousand people died. The dead were taken out of the city, and sometimes simply burned in the middle of the streets or along with their homes. This caused a colossal fire, which claimed several hundred more lives, but helped to cope with the plague.
Optical experiments and the law of universal gravitation
These years became destructive and extremely disastrous for the entire country, but at the same time extremely fruitful for the scientist himself. He could, without being distracted by anything else, carry out his experiments in the wilderness of his native village. At the very end of 1965, he had already isolated differential calculus, and at the beginning of the next year he had already come close to color theory. It was Newton who managed to prove that white light is not primary, but consists of a full spectrum, which he came up with through an experiment with a prism and a directed narrow beam.
By May, Isaac had begun integral calculus. He began to gradually approach the law of universal gravitation. Based on knowledge “prepared” in advance by Kepler, Epicurus, Huygens and Descartes, Newton was able to clearly and understandably connect it with the movement of the planets. Moreover, he did not easily calculate the formula, but also proposed a complete working mathematical model, which no one had done before. It is interesting that the legend of a fallen apple, which supposedly prompted the scientist to make this discovery, was probably invented by the famous French writer and philosopher Voltaire.
Fame in scientific circles
In the early spring of 1966, Newton decided to return to the university, but by the summer the plague returned and became even more furious, so it was unsafe to stay in the city. Only two years later he managed to achieve a master's degree and begin teaching. He wasn’t much of a teacher, and the students didn’t want to go to lectures, shirked in every possible way and even caused harm. In '69, Isaac's mentor, Barrow, insisted on the publication of some mathematical works. Although the author asked not to reveal his name, he said that we were talking about Newton’s work.
So fame slowly crept up on the great introvert. Already in October 66, he was appointed court chaplain at the invitation of King Charles II himself. This was the rank of clergyman, which the scientist regarded with a degree of healthy skepticism. However, he allowed him to leave teaching, devoting his time entirely to science. Total fame came to Isaac only in 1670, after he was accepted as a member of the Royal Society of London, one of the first Academies of Sciences.
Around this time, he independently developed and independently built a reflecting telescope, which was a structure of a lens and a concave mirror, which he presented to the scientific world. The device provided an increase of more than forty times. But to be completely honest, his colleagues were not loyal enough to the physicist: conflicts and friction constantly arose, which Newton did not like at all. After the publication of the work “Philosophical Transactions” in the winter of 1972, a terrible scandal broke out - the inventor Hooke, as well as his friend the Dutch mechanic Huygens, demanded that this work be recognized as unconvincing, since it contradicted their ideas.
At the end of the seventies, what Newton was famous for, in London, and far beyond its borders, every educated person already knew. But for the philosopher and physicist himself it was a difficult time. First, Barrow's close friend, mentor and former teacher died, then a fire broke out in Isaac's house, and only half of the archive was saved. In 1977, the head of the Royal Society, Oldenburg, went to his forefathers, and Hooke, who openly disliked Newton, sat in his place. In addition, Anna, the scientist’s mother, also died in 1979, which was the final crushing blow - the teacher and this woman were the only ones he was always glad to see.
The most famous works of the English scientist
By the year eighty-six, the passage of the famous comet across the sky aroused great interest not only in scientific circles, but also among ordinary people. Edmond Halley himself, thanks to whom the astronomical body got its name, repeatedly asked Newton to publish works on celestial mechanics and the motion of objects. But he didn’t even want to hear about anything like that. He did not want new disputes, feuds and accusations, so his descendants learned about his achievements much later. It was only in 1684 that a treatise on the ellipticity of planetary orbits called De motu was presented to the general public. Only two years later, and even then with the personal money of Professor Halley, the work with the final title Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica was published.
In this work, the scientist completely abandons unnecessary and even somewhat interfering metaphysics, which neither Aristotle nor Descartes ever got rid of. He decides not to take anything for granted and does not operate with invented “root causes”, but proves everything he says based on his own experience of observations and experiments. He even had to introduce several new concepts, for example, mass or external forces. On this basis, he derived the three laws of mechanics, which children today study in the sixth or seventh grade.
Management activity in the hands of a scientist
In 1685, the deeply religious Catholic James II Stuart sat on the English throne instead of the previous reasonable ruler, intending to revive the church canons. First of all, he ordered the university authorities to confer an academic degree on the monk Alban Francis, who understood the sciences a little better than a cat. The scientific community was alarmed, this was unheard of. A call from Cambridge representatives immediately followed to judge George Jeffreys, whom all of London feared. Newton, who was never afraid of anything, spoke for everyone. Then the matter was hushed up, and two years later King James was overthrown, and the scientist himself was elected to the university parliament.
In 1979, the elderly man made acquaintance with the young Count Charles Montagu, who immediately realized the magnitude of the luminary of science in front of him. He asked Governor William the Third to appoint Newton as keeper of the Mint, and he agreed. The man took office in 1695. In three years he studied the technological details and carried out monetary reform. They say that the Russian Tsar Peter the Great was visiting at the same time, but no records of the meeting with Newton or their conversation have been preserved. In the third year of the eighteenth century, Somers, former chairman of the Royal Society, died, and the great scientist took his place.
Death of a Mathematician: in memory of physicist Isaac Newton
The last years of the famous innovator passed in honor and fame, although he did not want this and did not strive for fame. Finally, by 1705, his “Optics” was published, and Queen Anne awarded the master a knighthood. Now he must be called Sir Isaac Newton, stamp his own coat of arms everywhere and lead a pedigree that, frankly speaking, is very dubious. This did not please the man, but previously unpublished works, now published, brought true satisfaction. During the last years of his life, he strictly followed the regime, fulfilling the duties assigned to him.
By 1725, the health of the already not very strong old man began to rapidly deteriorate. To ease his condition a little and escape from the bustle of the city, the philosopher moved to Kensington, where it was much quieter and the air was much cleaner. However, this was no longer able to help him: his body was slowly “deteriorating,” although he did not have any particularly terrible diseases. On March 20 (31), 1727, Isaac Newton's life ended in his sleep. His body was displayed for public farewell, and then buried in Westminster Abbey.
In memory of the founder of classical mechanics
The magnitude of this scientist, the power and strength of his mind, his assertiveness and methodology, led to the fact that even centuries after his death, his descendants did not forget about him and are unlikely to forget sometime in the future. On his grave there is an inscription indicating his obvious genius, and a monument was erected in the courtyard of Trinity College, which can still be viewed today.
Craters on Mars and the Moon are named after him, and the International SI has a quantity (force) measured in newtons. A medal with his initials is awarded annually for achievements in the field of physics. There are a huge number of monuments, streets and squares around the world that also bear his name.
Interesting facts about the scientist Isaac Newton
Newton conducted experiments on himself. Exploring the theory of light, he penetrated the pupil with a thin probe and pressed on the fundus of the eye.
The scientist never married and did not leave behind a single descendant.
Despite his studies in science, this man was always a deeply religious person and did not deny the existence of God. Although he considered priests to be parasites.
To protect coins from chipping precious metals by scammers, Newton proposed making transverse notches on the ends. This method is still used today.
Not having a heroic appearance, and also being born prematurely, Isaac never suffered from serious illnesses. He didn’t even have a common cold, at least there is no mention of it.
Myths and legends around the physicist
There is a legend that the master personally made two holes in the doors of the house so that cats could freely enter and exit. But the man never had any pets.
It was rumored that he managed to get the position of caretaker of the Mint only thanks to the youth and innocence of his niece, whom Treasurer Halifax liked. In fact, the count met the girl later than the scientist took up his honorary post.
Many people tell the story that Newton spoke only once as a member of parliament, and then only with a request to close the window. But there are no records of his performances throughout his time.
There is a myth that a man was interested in astrology from his youth and even knew how to predict the future. But no notes from him or those around him on this issue were ever found.
In recent years, the scientist has been working on some mysterious work. Many believe that he was trying to decipher the Bible. However, no traces of such work were found after his death.
>> Isaac Newton
Biography of Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
Short biography:
Education: Cambridge university
Place of Birth: Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, Kingdom of England
A place of death: Kensington, Middlesex, England, Kingdom of Great Britain
– English astronomer, physicist, mathematician: biography with photos, ideas and classical physics of Newton, the law of universal gravitation, three laws of motion.
Sir was an English physicist and mathematician from a poor farming family. His short biography began on December 25, 1642 at Woolsthorpe near Grantham in Lincolnshire. Newton was a poor farmer and was eventually sent to Trinity College at Cambridge University to train as a preacher. While studying at Cambridge, Newton pursued his personal interests and studied philosophy and mathematics. He received his BA in 1665 and was later forced to leave Cambridge because it was closed due to the plague. He returned in 1667 and was admitted to the fraternity. Isaac Newton received his master's degree in 1668.
Newton is considered one of the greatest scientists in history. In the course of his short biography, he made significant investments in many branches of modern sciences. Unfortunately, the famous story of Newton and the apple is largely based on fiction rather than real events. His discoveries and theories laid the foundation for further progress in science since then. Newton was one of the creators of the mathematical branch called calculus. He also solved the mystery of light and optics, formulated three laws of motion and, with their help, created the law of universal gravitation. Newton's laws of motion are among the most fundamental natural laws in classical mechanics. In 1686, Newton described his own discoveries in his book Principia Mathematica. Newton's three laws of motion, when combined, underlie all interactions of force, matter, and motion beyond those involving relativity and quantum effects.
Newton's first law of motion is the Law of Inertia. Briefly stated, it is that an object at rest tends to remain in that state unless acted upon by an external force.
Newton's Second Law of Motion states that there is a relationship between unbalanced forces acting on a particular object. As a result, the object accelerates. (In other words, force equals mass times acceleration, or F = ma).
Newton's third law of motion, also called the principle of action and reaction, describes that for absolutely every action there is an equivalent response. After a severe nervous breakdown in 1693, Newton withdrew from his own studies to seek the governorship of London. In 1696 he became rector of the Royal Mint. In 1708, Newton was elected Queen Anne. He is the first scientist to be so revered for his work. From that moment on he was known as Sir Isaac Newton. The scientist devoted most of his time to theology. He wrote a large number of prophecies and predictions about subjects that were interesting to him. In 1703 he was chosen as President of the Royal Society and was re-elected every year until his death on 20 March 1727.
