Inflammatory process in the pelvis. Inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs in women
Inflammatory diseases Female pelvic organs (PID) is a group of diseases (independent nosological forms) of the upper parts of the reproductive tract of a woman, which may include a combination of endometritis, salpingitis, oophoritis, tubo-ovarian abscess and pelvic peritonitis.
In the United States, approximately one million women are diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease, and 250,000 of them are hospitalized each year with this diagnosis, and 115,000 are affected by surgical interventions regarding PID. Sexually active women under the age of 25 are most at risk. WHO estimates that 40% of women with untreated gonococcal or chlamydial infection will develop pelvic inflammatory disease and one in four of them will experience infertility.
|
N70.0 |
Acute salpingitis and oophoritis |
|
N70.1 |
Chronic salpingitis and oophoritis |
|
N71.0 |
Acute inflammatory disease of the uterus |
|
N71.1 |
Chronic inflammatory disease of the uterus |
|
N73.0 |
Acute parametritis and pelvic cellulitis |
|
N73.1 |
Chronic parametritis and pelvic cellulitis |
|
N73.3 |
Acute pelvic peritonitis in women |
|
N73.4 |
Chronic pelvic peritonitis in women |
|
N73.6 |
Pelvic peritoneal adhesions in women |
|
N74.3 |
Gonococcal inflammatory diseases of the female pelvic organs |
|
N74.4 |
Inflammatory diseases female pelvic organs caused by chlamydia |
What are the causes of PID
In 60% of cases, the cause of PID is sexually transmitted infections. According to WHO (June 2000), chlamydia and gonorrhea are noted in 65–70% of all cases of PID
|
Frequency and response |
|
|
N. gonorrheae 40 -50% |
|
|
C. trachomatis 30% |
|
|
Gram-negative bacteria(E. coli, etc.) |
|
|
Actinomyces israelii |
Very common in use intrauterine devices(IUD) |
|
detection rate varies greatly |
|
|
Herpes and adenovirus infections |
|
|
Not identified |
Risk Factors for PID
It is more likely that PID will occur in sexually active women childbearing age up to 25 years of age than in women over 25 years of age. This is due to the immaturity of their cervical structures, which serve as a barrier to ascending infection and reduce susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections associated with PID.
The more sexual partners a woman has, the more risk she developed PID. Also, the risk of developing PID is high in a woman whose sexual partner has more than one sexual partner. Single women have more high risk occurrence of PID than married
Women who douche regularly ascending shower) are at higher risk of developing PID compared to women who do not use them. Research shows that frequent douching changes the vaginal flora (microorganisms that live in the vagina) from normal to pathogenic (harmful), and may allow bacteria to spread from the vagina to the vagina. reproductive organs.
Previously suffered PID
Women who use intrauterine devices (IUDs) have a higher risk of developing PID than women who use other devices. contraception or not using them at all. However, this risk can be reduced if a woman is tested and treated for sexually transmitted infections before inserting an IUD.
How does PID occur?
There is no exact average time frame for the development of PID. In some cases, PID develops acutely within a few days after infection; in other cases, PID can develop several months after infection. In the vast majority of cases (75% of cases), infection occurs upward path in the presence of cervicitis and vaginitis. Factors contributing to the occurrence of PID are delayed or incorrect treatment, self-medication of the underlying disease, immunological disorders, concomitant diseases. In some cases, the causes of PID are not clear.
What are the signs of PID?
No strictly specific symptoms PID, in most cases, signs are either absent or mild. All clinical symptoms PID is quite diverse and can be divided into the following groups:
|
Group of symptoms |
Description |
|
Most often periodic pain lower abdomen, |
|
|
Violations menstrual cycle |
They are also one of common symptoms PID |
|
Sexual dysfunction |
changes in libido, anorgasmia, vaginismus, dyspareunia |
|
Vaginal discharge |
leucorrhoea: often mucopurulent, mucous |
|
Dysuric syndrome |
frequent urination with a tingling feeling, |
|
General symptoms |
increased body temperature, weakness, general |
What are the complications of PID?
Early diagnosis and adequate treatment can prevent the complications of PID. If left untreated, PID can cause damage to a woman's reproductive organs.
Tubal infertility
Bacteria that cause infection can invade the fallopian tubes and cause inflammation there, which leads to scarring, which leads to a change in the normal movement of the egg into the uterus. With complete blockage fallopian tubes due to scar changes, the sperm cannot fertilize the egg and the woman becomes infertile. Tubal infertility occurs in 15-20% of women with PID
Ectopic pregnancy
If the fallopian tubes are partially blocked by scar tissue or an inflammatory process, fertilization of the egg by a sperm can occur directly in the tube itself and pregnancy will begin to develop there. As a result, an ectopic pregnancy develops, which ends in a rupture of the fallopian tube with sharp pain, internal bleeding and can lead to the death of the woman. Ectopic pregnancy develops in 12-15% of women with PID.
Chronic pelvic pain
Scarring of the fallopian tubes and other pelvic structures can cause chronic pelvic pain that lasts for many months and years. Chronic pelvic pain occurs in 18% of women with PID.
Tubo-ovarian abscess
Tubo-ovarian abscess is a severe form of purulent-inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs. With a tubo-ovarian abscess, the fallopian tube and ovary are welded together, forming a single inflammatory tubo-ovarian formation filled with pus. Tubo-ovarian abscess is one of the causes of death in women from PID.
Pelvioperitonitis
Pelvioperitonitis is inflammation of the pelvic peritoneum. It is a serious complication of PID, often leading to sepsis. Develops secondary to damage to the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries during penetration pathogenic microorganisms of which contact, hematogenous and lymphogenous routes
How does PID affect pregnancy?
Pelvic inflammatory diseases are one of the main causes of spontaneous abortion, premature birth and low birth weight babies. Complications of pregnancy and childbirth occur in up to 50-70% of pregnant women with PID. Pelvic inflammatory diseases are also considered one of the main causes postpartum endometritis.
How is PID diagnosed?
Many methods for diagnosing PID have been proposed. An acceptable and modern (data for 2006) is the approach to PID proposed by National Center for Disease Control and Prevention (USA).
Diagnostic criteria PID (CDC,USA) 2006
|
Minimum |
Additional |
Reliable |
|
Pain on palpation in the lower Pain in the appendages Painful cervical traction |
Temperature above 38.3°C Abnormal discharge from the cervix or vagina Increasing ESR Increased C-reactive protein levels Laboratory confirmation of cervical infection caused by gonococci and chlamydia. |
Histopathology: detection of endometritis on endometrial biopsy Ultrasound showing thickened, fluid-filled fallopian tubes with abdominal cavity free liquid or tubo-ovarian formation Detection of signs during laparoscopy consistent with PID |
Detection of gram-negative intracellular diplococci is an indication for culture or PCR testing for N. gonorrhoeae. It is recommended to use PCR diagnostics for the detection of N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis
How to treat PID
Antibiotics are used to treat PID. However, antibiotic therapy
cannot completely reverse damage that has already occurred in a woman's reproductive organs. Antibiotic therapy can prevent severe damage to the reproductive organs. The later a woman begins treatment for PID, the more likely she is to become infertile or develop ectopic pregnancy due to damage to the fallopian tubes. Due to the difficulty in precise definition microorganisms that attack the reproductive organs, PID is usually treated with at least two antibiotics that are effective against wide range pathogens of infections.
The inflammatory process of the pelvic organs implies more than one specific disease, but a group of pathological currents in the body. These include:
- Inflammation of the fallopian tubes in a woman - salpingitis;
- Severe inflammation of the ovaries - oophoritis;
- Salpingoophoritis is an inflammatory process of the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries;
- Vaginitis (colpitis) is an inflammatory process in the vaginal mucosa;
- – pathology in which inflammation of the entrance (vestibule) of the vagina occurs;
- Vaginosis caused by penetration of pathogenic bacteria into the vagina;
- Parametritis is an inflammatory process of periuterine tissue;
- An inflammatory process of the abdominal cavity called pelvioperitonitis.
All these pathologies relate to severe acute inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs. Each of these pathologies has its own consequences, which affect general health woman, reproductive function, sex life, etc.
Symptoms of inflammatory processes
If you experience at least one of the following symptoms, this means that you need to urgently consult your doctor. Self-medication or ignoring the disease is under no circumstances allowed. The consequences of untreated inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs can indeed be extremely severe, ranging from menstrual irregularities to infertility.
We list the main symptoms of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs:
- Swelling of the genital organs, increase in size;
- Redness of the labia;
- Unpleasant nagging pain in the lower abdomen, extending to the lower back and inner part hips;
- Pain during sexual intercourse; bloody issues after sexual intercourse;
- Mucus mixed with blood and pus begins to secrete abundantly from the vagina. The smell from the vagina is unpleasant and foul. Vaginal discharge may be yellowish or green in color. If an infection has entered the vagina, the discharge will be cloudy and with gas bubbles. During the inflammatory process, the discharge is curdled, thick, unpleasant, and abundant.
- The itching and sometimes are so unbearable that it is difficult for a woman to carry out standard household chores.
- Purulent mucous discharge from the vagina is accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen.
Associated symptoms inflammatory process are irregular periods in women or complete violation menstrual cycle. In this case, there may be pain when urinating, pain in the urethra. Against the background of general malaise, a woman may open vomiting reflex, diarrhea, diarrhea. Physical state fatigue, weakness, fever.
Causes of the inflammatory process
Why can a woman develop inflammatory processes in the vagina? Let's look at the main reasons for this phenomenon.
The inflammatory process may begin to develop after a recent surgical abortion, difficult birth (with complications). In some cases, the infection can enter the vagina from the inflamed, infected appendix, from the affected rectum.
This pathological course, like vulvitis - appears for a reason mechanical damage(this may be vaginal scratching due to severe itching, as a result – the appearance of abrasions and scratches). IN open wound, as is known, the infection penetrates faster and affects surrounding tissues.
Endometritis, which is classified as an acute inflammatory process in the uterine mucosa, appears in a woman after a medical or surgical abortion, curettage of the uterine mucosa for medical reasons.
Factors influencing the occurrence of the inflammatory process
The main factors that influence the course of the inflammatory process are:
- Carrying out several abortions over 1-2 years;
- Intrauterine interventions;
- Long-term wearing of an intrauterine device;
- Surgical;
- Constant shift sexual partners;
- Previously untreated inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs;
- Difficult labor;
- Violation of personal hygiene rules (using other people's towels, soap, infrequent washing during the day).
Diagnosis of inflammatory process of the uterus
If a woman experiences unpleasant symptoms in the genital area, she should consult a gynecologist as soon as possible. You should not delay with this, otherwise it may lead to severe consequences in the form of infertility.
An experienced gynecologist can determine the presence of an inflammatory process in a patient during a routine examination and questioning of symptoms. When the doctor begins to touch the uterus, you may experience painful sensations, which are quite difficult for a woman to tolerate.
To confirm the presence of an inflammatory process, it will be necessary to take smears of mucus from the vagina, as well as the cervix. During an infectious-inflammatory process in a woman, pathogens of the disease will be found in the vaginal mucus - viruses, infections, fungal microorganisms, Trichomonas, gonococci, ureplasma, mycoplasma, E. coli and more.
You will also need to take a blood test - based on the results of the analysis, leukocytosis will be detected during the inflammatory process. According to the ultrasound examination, the patient will be found to have pathological increase ovaries, the size of the appendages, as well as the formation of lesions purulent accumulation, infection and inflammation.
Treatment of inflammation in the vagina
If the patient is diagnosed with vulvovaginitis, then treatment will be exclusively outpatient. If the inflammatory process occurs in mild form, then in this case treatment can proceed at home with the help of drug therapy.
To eliminate the inflammatory process, the medications most often used are Metronidazole, Clindamycin, and Tinidazole. If a woman is diagnosed with inflammation in the vagina, her partner must also undergo treatment, otherwise such therapy will not make sense.
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the upper parts of the female reproductive tract: the process involves the cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries; Abscesses may occur. General symptoms and signs of the disease are pain in the lower abdomen, vaginal discharge, irregular vaginal bleeding. Long-term complications include infertility, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy.
Diagnosis is based on clinical manifestations and PCR data for gonorrhea and chlamydia; microscopy with fixation saline solution; ultrasonography or laparoscopy. Treatment is carried out with the use of antibiotics.
What causes pelvic inflammatory disease?
Pelvic inflammatory diseases are the result of the penetration of microorganisms from the vagina and cervix into the endometrium, fallopian tubes and peritoneum. Infectious lesion cervix (cervicitis) contributes to the appearance of mucopurulent discharge. The most common are combined inflammatory processes of the fallopian tubes (salpingitis), the uterine mucosa (endometritis) and the ovaries (oophoritis).
The most common causes of pelvic inflammatory disease are Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis; these pathogens are sexually transmitted. Pelvic inflammatory disease is also often caused by other aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including infectious agents characteristic of bacterial vaginosis.
Inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs are more common in women under 35 years of age. Less commonly, inflammatory processes develop before menarche, after menopause and during pregnancy. Risk factors include pre-existing medical conditions, the presence of bacterial vaginosis or any sexually transmitted infection.
Other risk factors, especially for PID of gonorrheal or chlamydial etiology, are young age, race of color, low socioeconomic status, and frequent change sexual partners.
Symptoms of pelvic inflammatory diseases
The most common manifestations of the disease: pain in the lower abdomen, fever, vaginal discharge, abnormal uterine bleeding during or after menstruation.
Cervicitis. Cervical hyperemia and contact bleeding are noted. Characterized by the presence of mucopurulent discharge; This is usually a yellowish-green discharge that is clearly visible when examined in mirrors.
Acute salpingitis. It is typical to have pain in the lower abdomen, bilateral or unilateral, even if both tubes are involved in the process. Pain may also occur in upper divisions abdominal cavity. As the pain intensifies, nausea and vomiting occur. Irregular uterine bleeding and fever occur in a third of patients. On early stages Symptoms of the disease may be mild or absent altogether.
More late symptoms There may be pain when moving the cervix. Sometimes dyspareunia or dysuria occurs. Many patients have no or minimal symptoms. Pelvic inflammatory disease due to infection with N. gonorrhoeae usually occurs more acutely and with more severe symptoms than the inflammatory process due to infection with C. trachomatis, which can be painless.
Complications. Acute gonococcal or chlamydial salpingitis can lead to the development of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome (perihepatitis, which causes pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen). The infection may have chronic course and is characterized by frequent exacerbations and unstable remissions. A tubo-ovarian abscess (a collection of pus in the appendages) develops in approximately 15% of women with salpingitis. This may be accompanied by the presence of acute or chronic infection. The development of an abscess occurs as a result of inadequate or late treatment. May be marked severe pain, fever and peritoneal symptoms. Perforation of the abscess may occur, which causes a progressive increase in symptoms of the disease and can lead to septic shock. Hydrosalpinx (accumulation of serous fluid in the fallopian tube as a result of sealing of the fimbrial area) is often asymptomatic, but can cause a feeling of pressure in the lower abdomen, chronic pelvic pain or dyspareunia.
Tuboovarian abscess, pyosalpinx (accumulation of pus in one or both fallopian tubes) and hydrosalpinx can be detected by palpation of tumors in the area of the uterine appendages and can cause infertility.
Salpingitis promotes the development adhesive process and obstruction of the fallopian tubes. Common complications diseases are chronic pelvic pain, menstrual irregularities, infertility and an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy.
Diagnosis of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs
Inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs can be suspected in women reproductive age, especially with the presence of risk factors. Patients note the appearance of pain in the lower abdomen and the presence of unclear vaginal discharge. PID may be suspected when patients have irregular vaginal bleeding, dyspareunia, or dysuria. PID is most likely to be present if patients experience pain in the lower sections abdomen on one or both sides, as well as increased pain when moving the cervix. Palpation of a tumor-like formation in the area of the uterine appendages can suggest the presence of a tubo-ovarian abscess. It is necessary to carefully approach the diagnosis of the disease, because even inflammatory processes with minimal clinical manifestations can lead to serious complications.
If there is a suspicion of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, it is necessary to conduct a diagnosis PCR method(which is almost 100% sensitive and specific) secretions from cervical canal To detect N. gonorrhoeae C. trachomatis, perform a pregnancy exclusion test. If PCR cannot be performed, cultures must be taken. Cervical discharge can be examined using Gram stain or saline fixation to confirm suppuration, but these tests are insensitive and nonspecific. If the patient cannot be adequately examined due to pain, ultrasonography should be performed as quickly as possible. You can count leukocyte formula, but this is not very informative.
If the pregnancy test is positive, then it is necessary to examine the patient for an ectopic pregnancy.
Others common reasons pelvic pain There may be endometriosis, torsion of the uterine appendages, rupture of an ovarian cyst, appendicitis. In the presence of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome, it is necessary to carry out differential diagnosis between acute cholecystitis and salpingitis during pelvic examination and ultrasonography.
If tumor-like formations are palpated in the pelvic organs, clinical manifestations of inflammation are observed, and there is no effect from antibacterial treatment within 48–72 hours, ultrasonography should be performed as quickly as possible to rule out tubo-ovarian abscess, pyosalpinx, and disorders not associated with PID (eg, ectopic pregnancy, adnexal torsion).
If the diagnosis remains doubtful after ultrasonography, laparoscopy should be performed to obtain purulent peritoneal contents, which is the gold diagnostic standard.
Treatment of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs
Antibiotics are initially prescribed empirically to target N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis, and then the treatment regimen is modified based on laboratory data obtained. Patients with cervicitis and minor clinical manifestations of PID do not require hospitalization.
Bacterial vaginosis is often combined with gonorrhea and chlamydia, and therefore patients are subject to mandatory outpatient treatment. Sexual partners of patients with N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis should be treated.
Indications for inpatient treatment are the following inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs: severe course inflammatory processes (eg, peritonitis, dehydration), moderate or severe vomiting, pregnancy, suspected pelvic tumors, and suspected acute surgical pathology(eg appendicitis). In such cases, assigned intravenous administration antibiotics immediately after culture results are obtained, treatment continues for 24 hours after the elimination of fever. For tubo-ovarian abscess, hospitalization and longer intravenous antibacterial therapy. Treatment is carried out by draining the pelvic abscess through the vagina or anterior abdominal wall under CT or ultrasound control. Sometimes a laparoscopy or laparotomy is performed to insert a drain. If a tubo-ovarian abscess rupture is suspected, an urgent laparotomy is performed. In women of reproductive age, organ-preserving operations are performed (in order to preserve reproductive function).
Pelvic inflammatory disease is a very common problem, its symptoms are known to almost every woman. It can be caused by bacteria or sexually transmitted diseases. The main symptom is constant, persistent pain in the lower abdomen.
In this article, you will learn the answer to the question, what is pelvic inflammatory disease and by what signs can it be detected in time?
What do you need to know about this disease?
Very often, women do not turn to a gynecologist when they feel pain in the pelvic area. They think it’s “normal,” “it hurts before my period,” “I just sat all day,” and so on.
In fact, such pain may indicate inflammation of the pelvic organs. Here's what you need to know:
What is pelvic inflammatory disease?
Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection that affects reproductive organs: fallopian tubes, uterus, ovaries, vagina and cervix.
What are the causes of pelvic inflammation?
This inflammation is usually caused by sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Especially chlamydia and gonorrhea. It may also be due to bacteria entering the body. Most often, inflammation of the pelvic organs is caused by the following reasons:
- Endometrial biopsy
- Insertion of an intrauterine device
- Miscarriage, elective or therapeutic abortion
Who can get pelvic inflammatory disease?
Every woman is at risk of getting pelvic inflammatory disease, but The risk increases due to these factors:
- Unprotected sexual intercourse.
- Sexual relationships with multiple partners.
- If your partner suffers from a sexually transmitted disease (whether he knows it or not).
- If you have already suffered from sexually transmitted diseases.
- Onset of sexual activity before 20 years of age.
- Use of an intrauterine device.
How quickly does pelvic inflammatory disease spread?
Usually this disease begins with an infection in the vagina and. If not treated with antibiotics, it can spread to the endometrium - the lining of the uterus - and then to the fallopian tubes, ovary, uterus and abdomen.
What are the main symptoms of pelvic inflammation?
The most common symptoms are:
- Pain in the lower abdomen or back.
- Too much a long period menstruation (more than a week).
- Too heavy menstruation.
- Very painful period menstruation
- Abdominal cramps.
- Vaginal discharge outside of your period or any other unusual discharge.
- Temperature.
- Nausea and dizziness.
- Vomit.
- Pain during or after sexual intercourse.
- Pain during gynecological examination.
- Burning when urinating.
- Pain while sitting.
- Great sensitivity in the pelvic area.
- Chills.
- Unusual fatigue.
- Frequent urination.
- Lack of menstruation or long delays.
It is worth considering that sometimes with pelvic inflammation, patients do not notice any of these symptoms.
How to diagnose pelvic inflammatory disease?
How dangerous is pelvic inflammatory disease?
This disease becomes dangerous if it is not treated on time. For example, scarred tissue in the fallopian tubes can cause problems with conception, including infertility.
- If the fallopian tubes remain partially blocked, you may experience an ectopic pregnancy.
- A serious infection can even destroy some tissues and damage internal organs.
How to protect yourself from pelvic inflammatory disease?
In order not to get sick, the following rules should be observed:
- Always use condoms.
- Don't step into sexual relations with people who may be infected with STDs.
- Limit the number of sexual partners.
- Avoid douching or taking sitz baths, as this will spread bacteria.
- Stop smoking.
- Take prescription antibiotics and follow the treatment prescribed by your doctor.
- Pay attention to any suspicious symptoms.
- Refrain from until complete recovery.
- Ask future partners to pass medical examination for sexually transmitted diseases.
- Pass the full gynecological examination once a year.
Also support immune system by using proper nutrition, Then no viruses and bacteria will be afraid of you.
Inflammation of the pelvic organs in women is the most serious complications infectious diseases which are sexually transmitted. Symptoms of inflammation are usually a consequence of infection. The categories of women who are susceptible to it are, unfortunately, very broad. timely treatment of pelvic inflammation will help prevent infertility problems.
Symptoms of pelvic inflammation
Inflammation of the pelvic organs very often leads to irreversible damage to the ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes. Female infertility- one of the consequences of this phenomenon.
Symptoms of inflammation in different cases may vary, but usually it is:
seizures dull ache and slight pain in the lower abdomen, as well as in the right iliac region,
discharge of leucorrhoea of yellow, yellow-green color, having unpleasant and unusual odors,
painful and irregular menstruation,
cramping pains,
fever and chills,
vomiting and nausea,
unpleasant pain during intercourse.
If you have symptoms of inflammation, you need to be examined by a gynecologist. Inflammation of the pelvic organs is also indicated by painful sensations during palpation of the uterus and appendages.
Symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease in endometritis
Endometritis is a disease characterized by an inflammatory process localized in the mucous membrane of the uterus. Clinical picture inflammation of this type begins with the appearance of leucorrhoea, which initial stage have a normal White color, and then acquire a yellowish-green color. Discharges may vary unpleasant smell, especially when they become purulent in nature, the smell becomes more fetid.
Acute inflammation pelvic organs are characterized by the presence high temperature, pain appears in the lower abdomen, which can radiate to the sacrum area.
Symptoms of pelvic inflammation with perimeteritis
Perimetritis includes the inflammatory process of the peritoneal part of the uterus. The peritoneum covers the uterus front and back. If there is an inflammatory process in the uterus, it can spread to the peritoneal parts, as well as the appendages. Inflammation of the pelvic organs initial stage has characteristic features:
- pain in the abdomen,
- on palpation of the abdomen, its swelling and tension are noted,
- frequent urge to urination, which are accompanied sharp pain,
- pulse quickens,
- the temperature rises.
Treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease
Inflammation should be treated with antibiotics wide range actions.
You also need to go full course treatment, otherwise the bacteria will remain in the body and develop resistance to this species antibiotics.
To prevent re-inflammation, both partners must undergo treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease.
During treatment, you need to protect yourself with condoms.
To avoid intestinal dysbiosis, you need to take lacto- and bifido bacteria a week before the start of treatment and two weeks after its completion.
Treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease with simultaneous administration alcoholic drinks leads to increased side effects.
Causes of inflammation in women
Most often, this disease occurs in young women. In addition, this inflammation of the pelvic organs does not have a bright severe symptoms, which causes a protracted nature of the disease, and also leads to the need for treatment in a hospital. At the beginning of the disease, the vagina and cervix are filled with opportunistic flora. This process in the pelvis can be asymptomatic and continue for several months or even years. When these bacteria find themselves in the uterine cavity and in the lumen of the fallopian tubes, inflammation of the pelvic organs occurs.
It's always the best common reason appeals to narrowly focused women's specialists. IN in good condition The cervix is an insurmountable obstacle to all kinds of bacteria that enter the vagina and does not allow bacteria to penetrate higher.
Pelvic inflammatory disease can be caused by:
- staphylococci,
- mushrooms,
- coli,
- chlamydia,
- viruses,
- gardnerella,
- gonococci,
- Trichomonas.
Mycoplasma and ureoplasma can cause complications during pregnancy: vaginitis (inflammation of the vagina), cervititis (inflammation of the cervix), as well as inflammation of the mucous membrane of the uterus, ovaries, peritoneum and pelvic tissue.
If the cervix is exposed to sexually transmitted diseases, such as gonorrhea and chlamydia, it may lose its ability to be protective barrier and ceases to protect internal important organs from penetration of microorganisms into them. If pathogenic microorganisms nevertheless penetrate through the cervix into the upper genital organs, then inflammation of the pelvic organs begins. Approximately 90% of all cases of the disease are caused by untreated chlamydia and gonorrhea. Other causes of genital infection include childbirth, abortion, and surgical and exploratory procedures in the pelvic area.
Factors that cause pelvic inflammation
Any intrauterine interventions, for example, abortion operations or the introduction of intrauterine devices, can lead to inflammation.
Sex without using barrier means contraception.
Messy sex life - possible reason inflammation.
Hypothermia.
Past inflammation of the genital organs.
Lack of personal hygiene.
Risk groups for the diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease
Women who are carriers of sexually transmitted diseases are sick with these diseases. Especially if you suffer from gonorrhea and chlamydia;
women who have previously had inflammation are also at risk of recurrence;
sexually active teenage girls are significantly susceptible to this disease, much more than older women;
women who constantly have many sexual partners are also at high risk of developing inflammation, which is sexually transmitted.
Endometritis and perimetritis as a cause of inflammation in women
Endometritis and perimetritis - can be caused by a variety of microorganisms, most often they are streptococci, gonococci, coli, staphylococci, viruses and fungi. Getting into the vagina through sexual intercourse or if proper rules are not followed feminine hygiene, microorganisms are able to move through the genital tract to various organs.
Inflammation of the pelvic organs with endometritis and perimeter can be triggered by a violation of the integrity of the covering of a particular genital organ. The appearance of wounds and scratches can occur when
- wearing uncomfortable and rough clothes,
- underwear,
- can also appear during rough sexual intercourse.
- In addition, staying in the genitals for a long time contributes to inflammation. foreign bodies, such as spirals, contraceptive caps and others.
- Surgical interventions which were carried out on the genitals without observing all disinfection standards, can also lead to inflammatory processes.
According to statistics, the majority of women with pelvic inflammation are in their childbearing years.
