Diagnosis of eye diseases. Treatment of inflammatory eye diseases
22.01.2016 | Viewed: 5 238 peopleRegular examination is the best prevention of eye diseases. Diagnosis of such diseases can only be carried out by an experienced ophthalmologist in a specialized equipped room. It is important that the ophthalmologist detects the first signs of deviations in time. Successful treatment largely depends on the promptness of their detection at the stage of reversible changes.
One examination of the doctor and subsequent conversation with him is not enough. It is necessary to conduct additional specific examination methods using modern equipment to clarify the diagnosis and prescribe treatment. The doctor should tell you in detail about the exact diagnosis and determination of visual acuity, as well as possible deviations and pathologies.
Cutting-edge diagnostic methods contribute to the establishment of a high-precision diagnosis and allow you to control the treatment with high efficiency. Here are the most common ways to diagnose the most common eye diseases.
A doctor's examination reveals abnormalities with the following painless procedures:
A procedure that allows an ophthalmologist to see sections of the fundus on the surface of the eye. This method remains one of the most significant and popular in diagnosing eye diseases. The non-contact method is performed using a lens or a special ophthalmoscope device.
Allows you to evaluate during preventive examinations the main function - visual acuity for a distance. Decreased vision is an important signal in diagnosing diseases. The examination is first performed without correction - the patient, alternately closing one eye, calls the letters on the table indicated by the ophthalmologist. If there are violations, then the procedure is performed with correction, using a specialized frame and lenses.
This method determines the optical power of the eye and diagnoses refractive errors and visual defects: myopia, farsightedness, astigmatism. Now the procedure has begun to be carried out on refractometers, which allows the patient not to spend a lot of time and facilitates the eye doctor's manipulations.
The study is recommended for people over 40 years of age, as they have an increased risk of developing glaucoma. The procedure measures intraocular pressure, which is carried out in such ways: by palpation, according to Maklakov (using weights), pneumotonometer and others.
An important method that determines the presence of peripheral vision and the diagnosis of pathological diseases - glaucoma and the process of destruction of the optic nerve. The study is carried out on specialized hemispherical electrical appliances, which display light spots.
The study of vision for color perception
Widespread and intended to determine violations of color sensitivity thresholds - color blindness. Inspection is carried out using Rabkin's polychromatic tables.
The procedure for microscopic examination of the eye segment with a special device - a slit lamp. With a significant increase, the oculist can clearly see the tissues of the eye - the cornea and conjunctiva, as well as the lens, iris, vitreous body.
Determines the degree of astigmatism of the anterior surface and refractive power of the cornea. The refraction radius is measured with an ophthalmometer.
The simple Grishberg method allows you to determine the angle of strabismus using an ophthalmoscope through which the patient is looking. The ophthalmologist determines the problem by observing the reflection of light on the corneal surface.
It is carried out with obstruction of the lacrimal canaliculi. Thin tubes (cannulas) with a syringe and solution are inserted into the lacrimal ducts. If the patency is normal, then the liquid from the syringe will penetrate into the nasopharynx. With obstruction, the solution will not pass and will spill out.
It is usually performed in infants and the elderly for medicinal purposes, as they may experience stenosis of the lacrimal openings. Bougienage is carried out with expanding probes using local anesthesia.
To determine the diagnosis of common ailments, such as conjunctivitis, myopia, cataracts, such diagnostic methods are usually sufficient. However, if the eye doctor doubts the diagnosis, then additional methods of examining diseases on specialized equipment carried out in optometric centers are possible.Additional methods in eye diagnostics
Ultrasound is a popular research tool due to obtaining accurate information in full and high efficiency of the procedure. Ultrasound examination is necessary to detect eye abnormalities, tumors, retinal detachment.
The method determines the central field of view for colors, is used to detect diseases of the optic nerve, glaucoma and retina. The diagnostic campimeter is a special large screen, where the patient looks with each eye alternately through a slit on the black screen.
The electrophysiological research method has found extensive application in the study of the cerebral cortex, retina and the levels of damage to the optic nerve, the function of the nervous section of the optical apparatus.
A method that studies the surface of the cornea before laser correction. Carried out on an automated computer system by scanning to determine the sphericity of the surface.
Study of intraocular pressure in dynamics. IOP takes about 5 minutes, in such a short time you can get important information about the state of the outflow of fluid inside the eye.
The method allows you to accurately determine the thickness of the cornea, it is required for laser operations
Shows the condition of the fundus and retinal vessels. A series of high-precision images are taken after the administration of a fluorescent solution intravenously.
Non-contact modern OCT method is used to determine the condition of the optic nerve and retina.
Operative research under the optical device regarding detection of ticks.
The procedure for determining tearing. The test is carried out with symptoms of dry eye. An ophthalmological test is placed on the patient for the edge of the lower eyelid, with the help of which it is possible to establish its wetting with a tear.
A method for accurately determining glaucoma using a lens. The angle of the anterior chamber is examined.
It is used for dystrophy and detachment of the retina, as well as to obtain data on its peripheral parts that were not detected during the classical examination.
High-precision modern devices and a variety of techniques allow you to accurately and efficiently conduct studies of the visual organs at the cellular level. Most diagnostics are non-contact and painless, without requiring preliminary preparation of the patient. In the relevant sections, you can familiarize yourself in detail with the methods of diagnosing eye diseases.
In ophthalmology, thanks to modern equipment, the latest medical techniques, eye examination takes a short time, is painless and gives very accurate results in identifying diseases of the eye organ.
vision study
The main methods of diagnosing eye diseases are available to everyoneAt an appointment with an ophthalmologist, the patient is examined by the main standard diagnostic methods, which include checking visual acuity, measuring intraocular pressure, examining the cornea and retina.
If necessary, a more accurate and in-depth study is prescribed on modern devices using laser technology and computer programs.
Symptoms for a mandatory visit to the ophthalmologist
For timely detection of eye diseases and treatment, it is necessary to pay attention to the following symptoms:
- swelling and redness of the eyelids;
- the presence of itching and burning in the eyes;
- pain when blinking;
- redness of the inner surface;
- severe tearing;
- the presence of a film in front of the eyes, making it difficult to see;
- flies and dots before the eyes;
- flickering light flashes;
- blurry or foggy vision of objects;
- duality of objects;
- increased sensitivity to light;
- long orientation in a dark room;
- sudden disappearance of the image;
- curvature or kink of lines when looking at straight lines;
- observation of dark spots in the field of view;
- iridescent circles that blur around the light source;
- difficulty focusing on near and far objects;
- observation of spots in the center of the field of view;
- beginning to squint eyes;
- poor vision of the peripheral zone.
Who needs an eye exam
Preventive check-ups should be carried out regularly People with good 100% vision should have it checked once a year for preventive purposes. For those who have visual impairment due to certain reasons, it is necessary to undergo an examination by an ophthalmologist to correct vision.
For contact lens wearers, an examination is needed to detect adaptation of the lens material to the surface of the eye. To determine allergic reactions to this material. Clarify the correct care and storage of contact lenses.
Pregnant women need to see an ophthalmologist at 10-14 weeks and 34-36 weeks. Pregnancy can cause changes in visual acuity or complications of existing eye diseases.
For people aged 40–60 years, it is advisable to plan a preventive visit to the ophthalmologist once every 2–4 years. Over 65 years old - once every 1-2 years. Children need to be treated up to three times during the first year of life and as needed.
It is desirable to come to an appointment with an ophthalmologist for people with cardiovascular diseases, suffering from hypertension and diabetes, after eye injuries or taking hormonal drugs.
Examination methods
There are many serious diseases of the human eye organ that significantly affect the visual process. These are cataracts, glaucoma, retinal detachment and many infectious diseases.
Diagnosis at an early stage, as well as treatment started on time, can prevent the further development of diseases, partial loss of vision and blindness. The earlier the diagnosis is established and treatment is started, the greater the percentage of vision that can be saved.
Basic examination methods
The applied methods of examination are basic and additional:
- Visometry - the definition of vision, its sharpness according to the tables of letters, where letters of different sizes are written in each line. While reading the lines, the current vision is set as a percentage.
- Tonometry - determination of the existing pressure inside the body. The method is aimed at determining glaucoma.
- Refractometry - determination of the refraction of the eye (optical power). It can detect nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism.
- The study of color vision is aimed at recognizing color blindness and other deviations in color perception.
The perimetry method diagnoses glaucoma and determines the degree of death of the optic nerve. - Biomicroscopy is a method of examining the constituent parts of the eye organ, such as the cornea of the eye, the external conjunctiva, the lens, the iris, and the vitreous body.
- Ophthalmoscopy is a way to examine the fundus, retina, nearby vascular tissues. Determines the degree of strabismus.
- Gonioscopy is a contact technique that allows you to examine the front of the eye to detect a foreign body or neoplasm.
- Pachymetry is a method of studying the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eye with the help of instruments, measuring its thickness.
- Skiascopy - a shadow test is carried out by observing the shadows on the surface of the pupil when a beam of light falls on it.
- Campimetry is a method of studying central vision to determine the size of the blind spot.
- For a complete examination of the eyeball, Goldman lenses are used. This device consists of three mirrors. With the help of a lens, neoplasms on the retina can be removed and it can be fully examined.
Today, methods of examining the organ of vision are enough to accurately and correctly make a diagnosis by looking into the most inaccessible and deep layers of the visual organ.
Surprisingly, a huge arsenal of examinations and diagnostic procedures is aimed at such a small organ of vision: from simple alphabetic tables to obtaining a layered image of the retina and optic nerve head using OCT and a detailed study of the course of blood vessels in the fundus with FAH.
Most studies are conducted on strict indications. However, when going to an ophthalmologist, be prepared to spend half an hour to an hour or more, depending on the number and complexity of the examinations you need, and on the workload of your doctor.
Determination of visual acuity and refraction
Visual acuity is determined for each eye separately. In this case, one of them is covered with a shield or palm. At a distance of 5 meters, you will be shown letters, numbers or signs of various sizes that you will be asked to name. Visual acuity is characterized by signs of the smallest size that the eye can distinguish.
Next, you will be given a frame in which the doctor will put different lenses, asking you to choose which one you see clearer. Or they will install a device called a phoropter in front of you, in which the change of lenses is carried out automatically. Refraction is characterized by the power of the lens, which provides the highest visual acuity for this eye, and is expressed in diopters. Positive lenses are required for farsightedness, negative lenses for nearsightedness, cylindrical lenses for astigmatism.
Automatic refractometry and aberrometry
The aberrometer, based on the analysis of the wave front of the eye, determines even imperceptible optical imperfections of its media. These data are important when planning LASIK.
Study of visual fields
It is carried out using a device - a perimeter, which is a hemispherical screen. You are asked to fix the mark with the examined eye and, as soon as you notice with peripheral vision the luminous dots that appear in different parts of the screen, press the signal button or say “yes”, “I see”. The visual field is characterized by the space in which the eye with a permanently fixed gaze detects visual stimuli. Characteristic visual field defects occur with eye diseases, such as glaucoma, as well as damage to the optic nerve and brain by a tumor or as a result of a stroke.
Measurement of intraocular pressure
Non-contact measurement is carried out using an automatic tonometer. You are asked to place your chin on the stand of the device and fix the luminous mark with your eyes. The autotonometer releases a jet of air in the direction of your eye. Based on the resistance of the cornea to air flow, the device determines the level of intraocular pressure. The technique is absolutely painless, the device does not contact your eyes.
The contact method for measuring intraocular pressure is accepted in Russia as a standard. After instillation of "freezing" drops, the doctor touches your cornea with a weight with a colored area. The level of intraocular pressure is determined on paper by the diameter of the imprint of the unpainted zone. This technique is also painless.
Since glaucoma is a disease associated with an increase in intraocular pressure, regular measurement of it is a necessary condition for maintaining the health of your eyes.
Cover Test
There are many methods for diagnosing strabismus. The simplest of these is the cover test. The doctor asks you to fix an object in the distance with your eyes and, alternately covering one of your eyes with your palm, watches the other one: whether there will be an adjusting movement. If it occurs inside, a divergent strabismus is diagnosed, if outwards, it is convergent.
Biomicroscopy of the eye
A slit lamp or biomicroscope allows you to examine the structures of the eye under high magnification. You are asked to place your chin on the instrument stand. The doctor illuminates your eye with the light of a slit lamp and, under high magnification, first examines the anterior part of the eye (eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea, iris, lens), and then, using a strong lens, examines the fundus (retina, optic nerve head and blood vessels). Biomicroscopy allows diagnosing almost the entire spectrum of eye diseases.
Retinal examination
Using an ophthalmoscope, the doctor directs a beam of light into your eye and examines the retina, optic nerve head and blood vessels through the pupil.
Often, for a more complete view, you are first instilled with drops that dilate the pupil. The effect develops in 15-30 minutes. During their action, sometimes for several hours, you may experience difficulty in focusing your eyes on objects located nearby. In addition, the sensitivity of the eye to light increases, it is recommended to wear sunglasses on the way home after the examination.
vision diagnostics- this is an important step in the prevention of eye diseases and maintaining good vision for many years! Timely detection of ophthalmic pathology is the key to successful treatment of many eye diseases. As our practice shows, the occurrence of eye diseases is possible at any age, so everyone needs to undergo a high-quality ophthalmological examination at least once a year.
Why is a complete eye examination necessary?
Vision diagnostics is necessary not only to identify the primary ophthalmic pathology, but also to resolve the issue of the possibility and expediency of performing a particular operation, the choice of patient treatment tactics, as well as the accurate diagnosis of the state of the organ of vision in a dynamic aspect. In our clinic, a complete ophthalmological examination is carried out using the most modern diagnostic equipment.
The cost of vision diagnostics
The cost of a diagnostic examination (diagnostics of vision) depends on its volume. For the convenience of patients, we have formed complexes, in accordance with common eye diseases, such as cataracts, glaucoma, myopia, hyperopia, pathology of the fundus.
| Service code | Service name | Qty services |
Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| А02.26.004 | Visometry, 2 eyes Code: А02.26.004 |
1 | 350 ₽ |
| А02.26.013 | Code: А02.26.013 |
1 | 550 ₽ |
| А02.26.015 | Ophthalmotonometry, 2 eyes Code: А02.26.015 |
1 | 300 ₽ |
| A03.26.001 | Biomicroscopy, 2 eyes Code: А03.26.001 |
1 | 900 ₽ |
| А03.26.018 | Code: А03.26.018 |
1 | 700 ₽ |
| A12.26.016 | Code: A12.26.016 |
1 | 350 ₽ |
| В01.029.001.009 | Code: В01.029.001.009 |
1 | 700 ₽ |
| Service code | Service name | Qty services |
Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| А02.26.004 | Visometry, 2 eyes Code: А02.26.004 |
1 | 350 ₽ |
| А02.26.013 | Determination of refraction with a set of trial lenses, 2 eyes Code: А02.26.013 |
1 | 550 ₽ |
| А02.26.015 | Ophthalmotonometry, 2 eyes Code: А02.26.015 |
1 | 300 ₽ |
| A03.26.001 | Biomicroscopy, 2 eyes Code: А03.26.001 |
1 | 900 ₽ |
| A03.26.003.001 | Code: А03.26.003.001 |
1 | 1 950 ₽ |
| А03.26.018 | Biomicroscopy of the fundus (central zone), 2 eyes Code: А03.26.018 |
1 | 700 ₽ |
| A12.26.016 | Autorefractometry with a narrow pupil, 2 eyes Code: A12.26.016 |
1 | 350 ₽ |
| В01.029.001.009 | Consultation with an ophthalmologist Code: В01.029.001.009 |
1 | 700 ₽ |
| Service code | Service name | Qty services |
Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| В01.029.001.009 | Consultation with an ophthalmologist Code: В01.029.001.009 |
1 | 700 ₽ |
| В01.029.001.010 | Consultation with an ophthalmologist (surgeon) Code: В01.029.001.010 |
1 | 1 700 ₽ |
| В01.029.001.011 | Anesthesiologist's consultation Code: В01.029.001.011 |
1 | 1 000 ₽ |
| В01.029.001.012 | Consultation with an ophthalmologist (vitreoretinologist) Code: В01.029.001.012 |
1 | 1 100 ₽ |
| В01.029.001.013 | Consultation of a candidate of medical sciences Code: В01.029.001.013 |
1 | 2 200 ₽ |
| В01.029.001.014 | Doctor of Medical Sciences Consultation Code: В01.029.001.014 |
1 | 2 750 ₽ |
| В01.029.001.015 | Professor's advice Code: В01.029.001.015 |
1 | 3 300 ₽ |
| В01.029.001.016 | Consultation of professor, doctor of medical sciences Kurenkov V.V. Code: В01.029.001.016 |
1 | 5 500 ₽ |
| Service code | Service name | Qty services |
Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| А02.26.004 | Visometry, 2 eyes Code: А02.26.004 |
1 | 350 ₽ |
| А02.26.009 | Color perception study, 2 eyes Code: А02.26.009 |
1 | 200 ₽ |
| А02.26.010 | Strabismus angle measurement, 2 eyes Code: А02.26.010 |
1 | 450 ₽ |
| А02.26.013 | Determination of refraction with a set of trial lenses, 2 eyes Code: А02.26.013 |
1 | 550 ₽ |
| А02.26.013.001 | Determination of refraction using a set of trial lenses in conditions of cycloplegia, 2 eyes Code: А02.26.013.001 |
1 | 800 ₽ |
| А02.26.015 | Ophthalmotonometry, 2 eyes Code: А02.26.015 |
1 | 300 ₽ |
| A02.26.015.001 | Ophthalmotonometry (iCare device), 2 eyes Code: А02.26.015.001 |
1 | 650 ₽ |
| A02.26.015.002 | Daily tonometry with iCare expert tonometer (1 day) Code: А02.26.015.002 |
1 | 1 850 ₽ |
| А02.26.015.003 | Ophthalmotonometry (IOP according to Maklakov), 2 eyes Code: А02.26.015.003 |
1 | 450 ₽ |
| А02.26.020 | Schirmer test Code: А02.26.020 |
1 | 600 ₽ |
| А02.26.023 | Accommodation study, 2 eyes Code: А02.26.023 |
1 | 350 ₽ |
| А02.26.024 | Determination of the nature of vision, heterophoria, 2 eyes Code: А02.26.024 |
1 | 800 ₽ |
| A03.26.001 | Biomicroscopy, 2 eyes Code: А03.26.001 |
1 | 900 ₽ |
| A03.26.012 | Examination of the posterior corneal epithelium, 2 eyes Code: A03.26.012 |
1 | 600 ₽ |
| A03.26.002 | Gonioscopy, 2 eyes Code: A03.26.002 |
1 | 850 ₽ |
| A03.26.003 | Inspection of the periphery of the fundus using a three-mirror Goldman lens, 2 eyes Code: А03.26.003 |
1 | 1 950 ₽ |
| A03.26.003.001 | Inspection of the periphery of the fundus using a lens, 2 eyes Code: А03.26.003.001 |
1 | 1 950 ₽ |
| A03.26.011 | Keratopachymetry, 2 eyes Code: A03.26.011 |
1 | 800 ₽ |
| A03.26.005 | Biomicrograph of the eye and adnexa, 1 eye Code: A03.26.005 |
1 | 800 ₽ |
| A03.26.005.001 | Biomicrograph of the fundus using a fundus camera, 2 eyes Code: A03.26.005.001 |
1 | 1 600 ₽ |
| А03.26.018 | Biomicroscopy of the fundus (central zone), 2 eyes Code: А03.26.018 |
1 | 700 ₽ |
| А03.26.019 | Optical examination of the retina using a computer analyzer (one eye), 1 eye Code: А03.26.019 |
1 | 1 650 ₽ |
| А03.26.019.001 | Optical examination of the anterior part of the eye using a computer analyzer (one eye), 1 eye Code: А03.26.019.001 |
1 | 1 200 ₽ |
| A03.26.019.002 | Optical examination of the posterior part of the eye using a computer analyzer in the angiography mode (one eye), 1 eye Code: А03.26.019.002 |
1 | 2 500 ₽ |
| A03.26.019.003 | Optical examination of the optic nerve head and nerve fiber layer using a computer analyzer, 1 eye Code: А03.26.019.003 |
1 | 2 000 ₽ |
| A03.26.019.004 | Optical examination of the posterior segment of the eye (optic nerve) using a computer analyzer, 1 eye Code: А03.26.019.004 |
1 | 3 100 ₽ |
| А03.26.020 | Computer perimetry (screening), 2 eyes Code: А03.26.020 |
1 | 1 200 ₽ |
| А03.26.020.001 | Computerized perimetry (screening + thresholds), 2 eyes Code: А03.26.020.001 |
1 | 1 850 ₽ |
| А04.26.002 | Ultrasound examination of the eyeball (B-scan), 2 eyes Code: А04.26.002 |
1 | 1 200 ₽ |
| A04.26.004.001 | Ultrasonic eye biometry (A-method), 2 eyes Code: А04.26.004.001 |
1 | 900 ₽ |
| A04.26.004.002 | Ultrasonic biometrics of the eye with the calculation of the optical power of the IOL, 2 eyes Code: А04.26.004.002 |
1 | 900 ₽ |
| A05.26.007 | Optical biometrics of the eye, 2 eyes Code: А05.26.007 |
1 | 650 ₽ |
| A12.26.007 | Load-unload tests for the study of the regulation of intraocular pressure, 2 eyes Code: А12.26.007 |
1 | 400 ₽ |
| A12.26.016 | Autorefractometry with a narrow pupil, 2 eyes Code: A12.26.016 |
1 | 350 ₽ |
| A12.26.018 | Videokeratotopography, 2 eyes Code: A12.26.018 |
1 | 1 200 ₽ |
| A23.26.001 | Selection of spectacle correction of vision, 2 eyes Code: А23.26.001 |
1 | 1 100 ₽ |
| А23.26.001.001 | Selection of spectacle correction of vision (with cycloplegia) Code: А23.26.001.001 |
1 | 1 550 ₽ |
| А23.26.001.002 | Selection of spectacle correction of vision (when undergoing a comprehensive examination) Code: А23.26.001.002 |
1 | 650 ₽ |
| A23.26.001.003 | Selection of spectacle correction of vision (with cycloplegia during a comprehensive examination) Code: A23.26.001.003 |
1 | 850 ₽ |
| А25.26.001 | Prescribing drugs for diseases of the organ of vision Code: A25.26.001 |
1 | 900 ₽ |
| В01.029.002 | Repeated appointment (examination, consultation) with an ophthalmologist Code: В01.029.002 |
1 | 850 ₽ |
| DU-OFT-004 | Training in the use of MKL Code: DU-OFT-004 |
1 | 1 500 ₽ |
| DU-OFT-005 | Determination of the dominant eye Code: DU-OFT-005 |
1 | 400 ₽ |
What studies are included in a complete diagnostic examination of the visual system and what are they?
Any ophthalmological examination begins, first of all, with a conversation, identifying complaints from the patient and taking an anamnesis. And only after that they proceed to the hardware methods of studying the organ of vision. The hardware diagnostic examination includes determining visual acuity, studying the patient's refraction, measuring intraocular pressure, examining the eye under a microscope (biomicroscopy), pachymetry (measuring the thickness of the cornea), echobiometry (determining the length of the eye), ultrasound examination of the eye (B-scan), computed keratotopography and careful (fundus) with a wide pupil, determination of the level of tear production, assessment of the patient's field of view. When an ophthalmic pathology is detected, the scope of the examination is expanded for a specific study of clinical manifestations in a particular patient. Our clinic is equipped with modern, highly professional ophthalmological equipment from such companies as ALCON, Bausch & Lomb, NIDEK, Zeiss, Rodenstock, Oculus, which allows for examinations of any level of complexity.
In our clinic, special tables with pictures, letters or other signs are used to determine the visual acuity and refraction of the patient. With the help of an automatic phoropter NIDEK RT-2100 (Japan), the doctor, alternately changing the diopter glasses, selects the most optimal lenses that provide the best vision for the patient. In our clinic, we use NIDEK SCP - 670 halogen sign projectors with 26 test charts and analyze the result obtained under narrow and wide pupil conditions. A computer study of refraction is carried out on a NIDEK ARK-710A autorefkeratometer (Japan), which allows you to determine the refraction of the eye and the biometric parameters of the cornea as accurately as possible.
Intraocular pressure is measured using a NIDEK NT-2000 non-contact tonometer. If necessary, the measurement of intraocular pressure is carried out by contact method - Maklakov's or Goldman's tonometers.
To study the state of the anterior segment of the eye (eyelids, eyelashes, conjunctiva, cornea, iris, lens, etc.), a NIDEK SL-1800 slit lamp (biomicroscope) is used. On it, the doctor evaluates the condition of the cornea, as well as deeper structures such as the lens and vitreous body.
All patients undergoing a complete ophthalmological examination are required to undergo an examination of the fundus, including areas of its extreme periphery, in conditions of maximum pupil dilation. This makes it possible to detect dystrophic changes in the retina, to diagnose its ruptures and subclinical detachments - a pathology that is not clinically determined by the patient, but requires mandatory treatment. To dilate the pupils (mydriasis), fast and short-acting drugs (Midrum, Midriacil, Cyclomed) are used. When changes in the retina are detected, we prescribe prophylactic laser coagulation using a special laser. Our clinic uses the best and most modern models: YAG laser, NIDEK DC-3000 diode laser.
One of the important methods for diagnosing a patient's vision before any refractive surgery for vision correction is computer topography of the cornea, aimed at examining the surface of the cornea and its pachymetry - measuring the thickness.
One of the anatomical manifestations of refractive errors (myopia,) is a change in the length of the eye. This is one of the most important indicators, which is determined in our clinic by a non-contact method using the IOL MASTER device from ZEISS (Germany). This is a combined biometric device, the results of which are also important for calculating the IOL in cataracts. Using this device, during one session, directly one after another, the length of the eye axis, the radius of curvature of the cornea and the depth of the anterior chamber of the eye are measured. All measurements are carried out using a non-contact method, which is extremely comfortable for the patient. Based on the measured values, the built-in computer can suggest optimal intraocular lenses. The basis for this is the current international calculation formulas.
Ultrasound examination is an important addition to the generally recognized clinical methods of ophthalmic diagnostics; it is a widely known and informative instrumental method. This study makes it possible to obtain information about the topography and structure of normal and pathological changes in the tissues of the eye and orbit. The A-method (one-dimensional imaging system) measures the thickness of the cornea, the depth of the anterior chamber, the thickness of the lens and the inner membranes of the eye, as well as the length of the eye. The B-method (two-dimensional imaging system) allows assessing the state of the vitreous body, diagnosing and assessing the height and extent of detachment of the choroid and retina, identifying and determining the size and localization of ocular and retrobulbar neoplasms, as well as detecting and determining the location of a foreign body in the eye.
Study of visual fields
Another of the necessary methods for diagnosing vision is the study of visual fields. The purpose of determining the field of view (perimetry) is:
- diagnosis of eye diseases, in particular glaucoma
- dynamic monitoring to prevent the development of eye diseases.
Also, using a hardware technique, it is possible to measure the contrast and threshold sensitivity of the retina. These studies provide an opportunity for early diagnosis and treatment of a number of eye diseases.
In addition, other parametric and functional data of the patient are examined, for example, determining the level of tear production. The most diagnostically sensitive functional studies are used - the Schirmer test, the Norn test.
Optical tomography of the retina
Another modern method for studying the inner shell of the eye is. This unique technique allows you to get an idea of the structure of the retina throughout its depth, and even measure the thickness of its individual layers. With its help, it became possible to detect the earliest and smallest changes in the structure of the retina and optic nerve, which are not available to the resolving abilities of the human eye.
The principle of operation of an optical tomograph is based on the phenomenon of light interference, which means that the patient is not exposed to any harmful radiation during the examination. The study takes several minutes, does not cause visual fatigue and does not require direct contact of the sensor of the device with the eye. Similar devices for diagnosing vision are available only in large clinics in Russia, Western Europe and the USA. The study provides valuable diagnostic information about the structure of the retina in diabetic macular edema and allows you to accurately formulate a diagnosis in complex cases, as well as get a unique opportunity to monitor the dynamics of treatment based not on the doctor's subjective impression, but on clearly defined digital retinal thickness values.
The study provides comprehensive information about the state of the optic nerve and the thickness of the layer of nerve fibers around it. Highly accurate measurement of the latter parameter guarantees the detection of the earliest signs of this formidable disease, even before the patient has noticed the first symptoms. Considering the ease of implementation and the absence of discomfort during the examination, we recommend repeating control examinations on the scanner for glaucoma every 2-3 months, for diseases of the central retina - every 5-6 months.
A re-examination allows you to determine the activity of the pathology, clarify the correctness of the chosen treatment, as well as correctly inform the patient about the prognosis of the disease, which is especially important for patients suffering from macular holes, since the likelihood of such a process developing on a healthy eye can be predicted after a tomography examination. Early, "preclinical" diagnosis of fundus changes in diabetes mellitus is also within the power of this amazing device.
What happens after hardware research is completed?
After the completion of hardware studies (diagnostics of vision), the doctor carefully analyzes and interprets all the information received about the state of the patient's organ of vision and, based on the data obtained, makes a diagnosis, on the basis of which a treatment plan for the patient is drawn up. All research results and treatment plan are explained in detail to the patient.
Why is it so important to undergo a comprehensive high-tech diagnostics of vision?
Comprehensive diagnostics of vision is a necessary condition for maintaining its sharpness for many years. The VISION ophthalmological clinic uses innovative diagnostic equipment to detect eye diseases at the earliest stage, and the qualifications of doctors ensure an accurate diagnosis. The experience of our specialists and advanced examination methods guarantee the selection of effective treatment methods. We have been working for more than 11 years so that you can enjoy the bright colors of the world.
Why is early vision diagnostics on innovative equipment necessary?
According to statistics, up to 65% of eye diseases proceed without symptoms for a long time, imperceptibly for the patient. Therefore, it is important to regularly examine the entire visual apparatus: check visual acuity, the condition of the tissues of the eyeball, the work of the visual analyzer. The VISION clinic has technological capabilities for diagnosing all parts of the eye, including at the cellular level. This allows you to prescribe the right treatment in a timely manner and stop the processes that lead to loss or deterioration of vision.
We take care of patients by choosing the best methods of diagnosis and treatment
Examination at the VISION clinic is suitable for patients of any age. So, the initial manifestations of retinal dystrophy can occur as early as 18-30 years. An optical tomograph allows you to get a 3D image of the structure of the retina and see the slightest changes in it. After 30 years, prerequisites for retinal detachment, glaucoma, and the first stages of neoplasms are revealed. And after 50 years, you can detect cataracts or macular degeneration - diseases that lead to complete blindness. The diagnosis always includes a consultation with an ophthalmologist who will select the optimal therapy regimen or recommend surgery to correct vision. Surgical treatment can also be performed by experienced ophthalmic surgeons of our clinic.
Advantages of the VISION clinic
1.High-precision diagnostics
The use of modern equipment, including optical tomographs. Some of the diagnostic methods are unique.
2. Qualification of doctors
The clinic employs qualified specialists - ophthalmologists and ophthalmic surgeons who love their job and have expert knowledge. We do not have visiting doctors, only permanent employees.
3.Innovation in treatment
The latest methods of surgical and non-surgical treatment of myopia, cataracts, glaucoma and other pathologies. Compliance with the international quality standard GOST ISO 9001-2011.
4. Top level eye surgery
Ophthalmic surgeons with unique experience and the latest generation of operating equipment - a high chance of maintaining and improving vision even in difficult cases.
5. Responsible approach
Our doctors are responsible for the accuracy of the diagnosis and the effectiveness of the treatment. You will receive a detailed consultation on the state of eye health.
6.Transparent prices
There is a fixed cost in accordance with the price list. No hidden co-payments or unexpected costs once treatment has begun.
7. Social orientation.
Our clinic has loyalty programs and social discounts for veterans, pensioners, and the disabled. We want new technologies in ophthalmology to be accessible to everyone.
8.Convenient location
The clinic is located in the center of Moscow, on Smolenskaya Square. From the metro Smolenskaya Filevskaya line just 5 minutes on foot.
The cost of the examination includes a consultation with a highly professional ophthalmologist.
The level and depth of research enable the ophthalmologist, based on the analysis of the data obtained, to make a complete diagnosis, determine the tactics, prescribe and carry out treatment, as well as predict the course of some pathological processes in the vascular, nervous and endocrine systems of the body.
A complete ophthalmological examination takes from one to one and a half hours.
Protocol of ophthalmological examination of patients in the ophthalmological center "VISION"
1. identification of complaints, collection of anamnesis.
2. visual study anterior segment of the eyes, for the diagnosis of diseases of the eyelids, pathology of the lacrimal organs and the oculomotor apparatus.
3.Refractometry and Keratometry- study of the total refractive power of the eye and cornea separately in order to detect myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism with a narrow pupil and in conditions of cycloplegia.
4. Measurement of intraocular pressure using a non-contact tonometer.
5. Determination of visual acuity with and without correction, using a character projector and a set of trial lenses.
6. Definition of character vision (binocular)- test for latent strabismus.
7. Keratotopography- study of the relief of the cornea using automatic computer keratotopograph in order to determine congenital, degenerative and other changes in the shape of the cornea (astigmatism, keratoconus, etc.).
8. Point selection taking into account the nature of visual work.
9. Biomicroscopy- study of eye structures (conjunctiva, cornea, anterior chamber, iris, lens, vitreous body, fundus) using a slit lamp - biomicroscope.
10. Gonioscopy- study of the structures of the anterior chamber of the eye using a special lens and a biomicroscope.
11. Schirmer's test- determination of tear production.
12. Computer perimetry- examination of the peripheral and central fields of vision using an automatic projection perimeter (diagnosis of diseases of the retina and optic nerve, glaucoma).
13. Ultrasound eye to study the internal structures, measure the size of the eye. This study allows you to identify the presence of foreign bodies, retinal detachment, eye neoplasms in opaque internal environments.
