The dog developed ulcers on its body. Understanding the variety of skin diseases in dogs

Skin lesions differ from other dog diseases in that they are primarily visually detected by their owners. This especially applies to city dogs living in apartments, and of them, first of all, to short-haired and small ones.
Up to 3/4 of skin lesions in dogs are usually related in one way or another to fleas and, in particular, scratching and their infection. Many of these diseases are purely local and non-contagious and can be easily cured by the owners themselves in the usual way, like their own pimples.

Unfortunately, not everything is so simple, and it is unacceptable to treat all dog skin diseases in this way. It is better to be overly cautious and once again share your concerns with your doctor. This is necessary because the skin of dogs can be subject to specific and highly contagious infections for both humans and other animals.

To prevent your dog from becoming infected:

Do not use other people's care items and equipment.
Do not allow her contact with stray and domestic dogs that have visible baldness or any sores on the skin.
Avoid contact with any unfamiliar cats.

However, owners themselves can bring some skin infections into the house with outdoor shoes.

The dog cannot tell about the location and nature of the ailments. It is the doctor’s task to understand and prescribe treatment. It is the dog’s owner’s responsibility to immediately collect as much information about the dog’s physical condition as possible after detecting symptoms of damage to its skin and contact a doctor. Please keep in mind that, despite all the obviousness of the manifestations and the fairly early detection of skin diseases, many of them are quite difficult to diagnose, and treatment can take a long time.

At the slightest suspicion of serious illness dog skin you need:

Stop brushing your dog's fur immediately to avoid spreading infection.
Ban people from petting the dog.
Avoid contact between the dog and children.
Observe strict personal hygiene rules.
Do not allow the dog until full recovery sleep on your bed.

To avoid masking the symptoms of the disease, before visiting the veterinarian, it is forbidden to smear sore areas with iodine, brilliant green or any ointments. You are only allowed to wash the affected areas of the skin. salicylic alcohol and trim the hair on and around the affected area of skin.

Be prepared that your veterinarian may need to microscopic studies scrapings of the dog's skin and fur. You will need to ensure that material can be safely collected for analysis. In principle, this procedure is quite painless for the dog, but it can still cause some anxiety.

>For treatment, ointments, emulsions and solutions are widely used, which are clearly unpleasant for the dog. When used externally, they are safe and can only stain surrounding objects, but if they get into the mouth (by licking) they can cause poisoning. Therefore, to prevent licking and scratching of the treated areas and the spread of infection throughout the body, a sick dog should be wearing a muzzle.

Many experts prefer to use a more universal tool instead of a muzzle: the so-called “Elizabethan collar.” This homemade “collar” is a wide ring made of lightweight cardboard, cut along a radius. The internal diameter of such a ring should be 20 - 30% larger than the diameter of the dog’s neck, and the external diameter depends on its size and the desired degree of restriction of its freedom of movement. Along the radial cut, on both sides along oblique lines, a series of holes are drilled for lacing, through which the ring, after being put on the dog’s neck, should be pulled together into a more or less flattened cone.

It should be noted that such a “structure” is not always calmly perceived by the animal, which can make every effort to free itself from it and create a mess. Therefore, it is best after treating the dog to sit next to it for 30 - 40 minutes, stopping its attempts to lick the medicine and free itself from the restrictor.

Instead of the “Elizabethan collar,” similar structures can be used to restrict the dog’s movements, made from polyethylene flowerpots or buckets with the bottoms removed and cut lengthwise, tightening them around the dog’s neck in the manner described above. However, being too rigid, such structures are especially unpleasant for the dog and can even injure him. It is safer for the same purposes to use a boot cut lengthwise from old rubber boots, of course, provided that the bell of the boot is commensurate with your dog’s head.

To avoid scratching in case of skin diseases, the dog's hind legs should also be bandaged with cotton wool until the claws are hidden or wrapped in strips of thick material, and children's socks or mittens should be put on top. Let the dog show off around the apartment in these “shoes” for a while.

U healthy dog seborrhea is practically absent or invisible. If dandruff does occur, it is most often observed at the base of the tail and ears, on the face and chest, in the folds of the skin where they are present, and on the elbow and hock joints.
Dandruff with seborrhea can be very profuse and accompanied by itching. There are two types of seborrhea:

Dry.
Fat.

Seborrhea of the first type is characterized by dry, scaly, crumbling dandruff with obvious dry skin. Oily seborrhea, on the other hand, is characterized by excess sebum, brown patches on the skin, oily dandruff flakes clinging to the fur, and a rancid odor.

The appearance of any dandruff in a dog can be not only initial symptom contagious skin diseases, but also some severe internal diseases requiring long-term treatment.

Dry dandruff is often just a consequence of too intensive degreasing of the dog’s skin, which is important for small sofa dogs, who are bathed too often with inappropriate detergents. Large dogs, as a rule, they do not bathe so often.

Dry dandruff can also be caused by a lack of fat in the dog's food. In this case, try feeding her a teaspoon or dessert spoon daily for some time. vegetable oil(preferably olive or peach). If there is no improvement and the itching intensifies, consult a doctor. Causes oily dandruff are always more serious, and if detected, you should consult a doctor immediately.

The veterinarian may also prescribe some internal remedies for the treatment of the underlying disease, the symptom of which is seborrhea.

Intense itching of the skin can be caused by insect bites: fleas and midges. If its source is clear, then the measures are as follows:

If it is vile, then it is enough to treat the scratches with iodine, brilliant green, alcohol, calendula tincture, etc.
If it is fleas, then an insecticidal bath is necessary.
After the washed dog has dried, the combs are disinfected with the same means.

If the itching continues even after removing the fleas, then you need to mandatory consultation with a veterinarian. To relieve your dog's itching, you can use your helpers. sedatives and at the same time reduce her anxiety with an “Elizabethan collar” and bandaging her hind legs.

Belong to such skin mites To different kinds Diseases are distinguished by species and according to their generic names, of which the most common in dogs are:

Pruritic scabies (sarcoptic mange, notoedrosis).
Ear scabies (otodectosis).
Ironwort (demodectic mange).

All these diseases are household level are collectively called scabies. Some forms of such scabies are contagious to humans, but, fortunately, they heal themselves quite quickly. These diseases are quite widespread in cities due to stray dogs and cats, of which approximately 20 - 30% are affected by ticks various forms. Dogs become infected either from each other or through cats whose owners allow them to roam wherever they please.

The disease is usually very serious and is not limited to the surface of the skin. Itching mites not only injure the dog’s skin and mechanically irritate it nerve endings. It causes itching and inflammation varying degrees. The dog's metabolism is disrupted and exhaustion develops. In advanced severe cases, everything ends in the death of the animal.

At ear scabies the lesions are localized in the auricle, but with the development of general intoxication the inflammation spreads to the middle and inner ear and further to the meninges.

Treatment of scabies is usually comprehensive, aimed at destroying mites and calming itching, and at the same time, strengthening the immune system and improving skin regeneration processes. It should be noted that in some animals complete recovery and freedom from ticks does not occur, and the disease subsequently recurs from time to time.

After successful intensive treatment and full recovery wool sometimes the dog gets sick again. This can be facilitated by the most various factors: stress, changes hormonal state(estrus, whelping), etc. This is especially true for demodicosis, in which intrauterine infection is also possible. Therefore, you should not get puppies from a bitch who has had demodicosis and take puppies from her.

Ringworm in dogs includes a combination of infectious diseases, affecting the skin, hair follicles and the hair itself of all domestic animals and humans. The causative agents of these diseases are different kinds dermatophyte fungi, colloquially called ringworm, and one of the least attractive forms of this ringworm is commonly called scab. Different forms of ringworm are named according to the generic affiliation of the fungi that cause them: trichophytosis, microsporosis, favus (scab).

Damp weather during the warm season favors the spread of the disease. The literature describes cases of transfer of ringworm blood-sucking insects. But the main distributors of disease pathogens are sick stray animals. Some forms of ringworm are highly contagious to people. Self-medication and delaying a visit to the veterinarian are unacceptable in this case, as it risks the possibility of subsequent treatment with the dog and all members of your family. Dogs with ringworm are successfully treated.

The disease is characterized by the appearance on the skin of clearly defined spots of a round or oval shape, devoid of hair and outlined by a reddish or brownish border. Sometimes such spots appear at the base of the claws, between the toes and on the flesh of the paws. Such spots quickly increase in size, the skin on them has a flaky surface, covered with scales or crusts. It may be reddish! Within the spots, the skin may have obvious convex surface, covered with a crust of dark brown or gray. At a certain stage, the skin of hairless spots becomes inflamed and covered with small pustules. With fungal diseases, unlike scabies, itching is either slight or completely absent. Treatment should begin at the very first suspicion of ringworm!

The most important thing in the treatment of ringworm is strictest implementation all medical orders and procedures. Treatment can be lengthy and requires patience and perseverance, since the prescribed procedures will need to be performed for a long time, sometimes up to 3 - 4 weeks, and sometimes several times a day. It is important to strictly observe the rules of personal hygiene!

Human dermatologists now have powerful fungicidal agents available wide range action for both external (for example, clotrimazole) and internal use. These funds are also applicable in veterinary practice. Their only drawback is their high cost, but they allow you to heal fungal infections skin quite quickly.

Hygiene rules for a dog with ringworm:

Old brushes, combs and all grooming items should be destroyed and replaced with new ones, and new ones should be periodically disinfected.
The bedding of a sick dog should be changed regularly, washed with boiling water.
It is advisable to periodically treat all surfaces around the dog's bed with a chloramine solution.
Both the dog's collar and leash should be treated with chloramine or formaldehyde, and it is better to replace them with new ones.

Skin inflammations with various causes. In some cases, they are associated with the age of the dogs or are confined to certain areas of their body.
In puppies and dogs in the first years of life, there are purple and purulent pustules and blisters on the chin and lips, as well as on the hairless part of the abdomen and in the groins.
Dogs of any age have acne, pustules and papules along the back and in the area knee joints.

Your help for your dog with dermatitis may consist of washing the painful areas with bactericidal soap, followed by daily treatment of the pustules with a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide. If this is not enough, you should contact your veterinarian. He may prescribe antibiotic ointments or even oral antibiotics for your dog. Puppies 2 - 6 months (up to 1 year) may have cutaneous form plague

For dogs, allergens can be the same substances as for people:

House dust.
Mold.
Plant pollen.
Insect bites
Certain food products, especially with all sorts of “environmentally friendly” chemical improvers of their quality and appearance.
Medicines, in particular penicillin or syntomycin.
Household chemicals (insecticides, washing powders, shampoos), etc.

Especially often, allergies in dogs are the result of too diligent removal of fleas, even with the use of the safest insecticides from the pyrethroid group.

Just like in people, allergic reactions in dogs can occur either immediately after contact with an allergen, or after some, sometimes quite long, time.

Allergic reactions immediate type are expressed by the following symptoms:

Sudden cough.
Runny nose.
Drooling.
Edema.
Nettle fever.

Nettle fever is characterized by sudden appearance itchy skin blisters on the face, on internal surfaces ears, groins and armpits. Hives usually appear within a few tens of minutes after a single contact with the allergen and disappear spontaneously after about a day. However, completely similar phenomena occur in tender lap dog can occur without any contact with allergens as a purely neurological reaction to some kind of master’s punishment or even to cruel verbal scolding.

Despite the transience of nettle fever, it is necessary to treat it to prevent scratching and subsequent suppuration. For oral treatment, give the dog diphenhydramine, tavegil or suprastin 3 times a day, and wipe the inflamed areas of the skin with salicylic alcohol or just vodka.

Causes allergic reactions the immediate type is usually the easiest to identify. To identify and eliminate the cause, you only need to conduct a thorough investigation.

It is much more difficult to identify and eliminate the causes of delayed allergic reactions, which can sometimes appear even several weeks after the first contact with the allergen. Such reactions, in addition to sneezing and coughing, can be expressed in the form of spontaneous vomiting, diarrhea and allergic dermatitis, sometimes with severe itching, debilitating the dog. In dogs, asthma and bronchitis have even been described as a consequence of such allergic reactions. But similar reactions can also manifest themselves in changes in coat color, especially in light-colored dogs: patches of “rusty-colored” fur appear around the eyes, in the corners of the lips, in the spaces between the fingers, at the root of the tail and in the genital area.

In case of delayed reactions in order to identify the allergen long-term investigation will need to be carried out together with the veterinarian and in parallel with the treatment he prescribed for the dog. At the same time, first of all, exclude an insecticidal collar or medallion if you still decide to make your dog happy with it. Then remove from your dog's environment all plastic and rubber products (“toys”) that she chews and gnaws. Try to change something else in her life, in particular, try to reconsider all the foods you feed her. If you use branded dog food, then either give it up altogether or change the company and brand.

If you have no reason to attribute your dog’s allergy to any of the branded foods, then think about the products that you systematically feed him. Try making radical changes to your dog's generally monotonous diet.

All detected neoplasms cannot be ignored, even if they do not bother the dog at all. They may be the beginning of a serious illness. Just don’t overdo it in your worries, mistaking an extra unpaired nipple on the dog’s chest or belly for some kind of tumor - this has happened!

In case of inflammation and pain of any new growths, as well as a noticeable increase in their size, contact your veterinarian immediately. Any solid tumors in soft tissues V oral cavity or on skeletal bones can be very dangerous.

Skin diseases in dogs are a large group of diseases of various kinds. Skin pathologies noted in dogs various breeds And age groups. Each disease has its own causes, symptoms and treatment. Let's consider the main types of skin diseases that are most often diagnosed in dogs, their symptoms and treatment.

Important! Skin and fur of animals are one of the main indicators of health, general condition our pets.

The main reasons for the development of dermatitis, dermatoses, and skin diseases in dogs:

Skin pathologies are caused by poor-quality hygiene products (shampoos, balms), frequent washing, too careful grooming, using dirty brushes and combs. Long-term use medications (hormones, vitamins, immunomodulators, antibiotics), wounds, scratches through which pathogenic flora penetrate, a decrease in the barrier function of the epidermis are also common reasons development of dermatitis, dermatoses, allergies.

Important! Regardless of the root cause, skin diseases should be treated immediately after the first appearance characteristic symptoms. If the illness becomes severe, chronic form, may require long-term, expensive treatment, and in some cases, lifelong maintenance therapy. In addition, some pathologies are dangerous not only for the health of dogs, but also for humans.

Skin diseases of dogs:

, dermatoses of various etiologies(, contact, seasonal).
(scabies).
Allergies of various etiologies.
Pitarosporosis ().
(black skin disease);
Skin cancer.

In dogs whose bodies have skin folds(shar pei, mastiffs, bulldogs) inflammatory process most often affects these areas of the body.

Diaper rash appears first.
The skin turns red, begins to peel, and becomes covered with small spots.
Pain is noted on palpation.
An unpleasant sour odor emanates from the body.
The dog becomes lethargic and inactive.
In severe cases, the temperature rises by one to two degrees above normal.

In order to prevent serious complications and take the necessary measures in a timely manner, it is necessary to know the causes of development and the main symptoms of skin diseases, which are most often diagnosed in our little brothers.

Fungal skin diseases in dogs

Fungal skin lesions () are a large group of skin diseases caused by molds and yeasts-dermatophytes (dermatomycetes). Fungi live in small numbers on wool, ears, on the body of animals. Opportunistic microorganisms exhibit their activity only in the presence of favorable factors that contribute to their active development and reproduction.

Important! Puppies, young and adult dogs with weakened immune systems, and individuals suffering from chronic pathologies and diseases are most susceptible to dermatophytosis.

Fungal spores are ubiquitous in nature. They can be on plants, grass, the surface of the soil, water, as well as on shoes, clothes of the owner, and household items. Under favorable conditions, they remain active for 20-25 months. Favorable conditions for their development and reproduction are humid environments.

Most often, dogs suffer from ringworm, trichophytosis, and microsporia. Every disease causes certain type pathogenic fungi.

Ringworm

Ringworm in dogs - mycosis caused by dermatophyte fungi of the genus Trichophyton, which affects the hair follicle and skin. Infection with ringworm occurs mainly through contact or household contact.

Important! Ringworm is highly contagious and spreads quickly. fungal disease. Refers to zooanthropozoonoses. Transmitted from animals to humans. Fungal spores are quite resistant to external factors, some types of disinfectants and long time remain susceptible to infection.

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A dog with stable immune defense can avoid infection with lichen. Therefore, the risk group includes:

dogs weakened by diseases and infections;
puppies with weak immune systems;
animals that have been diagnosed chronic pathologies, inflammatory diseases;
miniature, dwarf breeds dogs, since the fungus spreads very quickly over the entire surface of the body.

Symptoms

The severity and intensity of symptoms depends on age, physiological, individual indicators, stage, and severity of the disease. Duration incubation period– from 10 days to a month or more.

At the onset of the disease, the disease may occur without itching.
Appears in small areas of the body small rash, dandruff.
The skin is inflamed, peels, and becomes rough.
The area of the site increases as the disease progresses.
The condition of the coat deteriorates. It becomes brittle and dull.

After some time, dry crusts of brown or dark red color appear. If they are torn off, pus oozes out, having bad smell. The affected area is constantly increasing. Small lesions merge and form large, hairless, inflamed areas on the dog’s body. From this moment on, the disease becomes advanced.

The dog experiences anxiety, itching, and constantly licks the affected areas. Maybe slight increase temperature due to inflammation developing in the superficial layers of the dermis. Appetite worsens, activity decreases. The dog gets tired quickly, refuses outdoor games, and reacts sluggishly to stimuli.

Diagnostics

Treatment of ringworm, like any other skin mycoses, should begin at early stage their development. The treating veterinarian will prescribe medications and treatment methods based on the diagnostic results.

When making a diagnosis, the following medical history and clinical manifestations are taken into account:

For laboratory tests, skin scrapings and hair from damaged areas are taken.
They use special tests and do bacterial cultures.
An accurate diagnosis is made after irradiation with a Wood's lamp. If the dog has lichen, the affected areas are highlighted with light green.

Treatment of lichen in dogs

If baldness has affected large areas of the body, Intraconazole, Fluconazole, Grisofulvin, and other tablet drugs are prescribed for oral administration. Dosage, frequency of administration, duration treatment course will be prescribed by a veterinarian.

Attention is paid to strengthening the immune system with vitamins, mineral complexes, supplements (Ribotan, Immunofan, Vetom-1), eliminating symptoms of secondary concomitant diseases.

Home Remedies

Regarding the methods of alternative medicine used at home ( Birch tar, preparations containing sulfur, herbal decoctions), they are used only as prescribed by a veterinarian, as an addition to the main therapy.

Remember! Folk remedies give good results just on initial stages development of skin disease. They are best used for preventive purposes.

It is mandatory to thoroughly clean the house, disinfect bowls, ammunition, and hygiene products. The wool from the affected areas is burned. In case of severe infection, it is better to replace bedding, toys, brushes, and bowls with new ones.

Trichophytosis, microsporia

The symptoms of trichophytosis and microsporia in dogs are almost the same as with ringworm. The only difference is in the nature and shape of the lesions. With microsporia, hairless areas are oval-shaped.

Important! Trichophytosis is transmitted to humans from a sick animal; microporia does not pose a danger to people.

Symptoms

At severe forms disease, pathogenic fungi affect not only the fur, but also the skin of the paw pads and the elbow area.
It is difficult for the dog to move due to pain symptom which causes inflammation.
The dog gets tired quickly after a short activity, limps, and is very depressed.

Treatment

Fungicidal complex medications and antifungal shampoos (Nizoral, Dermazol) are used in treatment.

Symptomatic medications are prescribed (antihistamines, anti-inflammatory drugs, hormones), vitamins, as well as drugs that accelerate the regeneration of damaged tissues and stimulate hair growth.

Important! Allergy – defensive reaction the body to act unfavorable factors, foreign agents.

Symptoms and manifestations of allergies

Symptoms, signs of allergies and the intensity of their manifestation depend on the degree of exposure to the allergen, its quantity, age, and the state of the immune system. As a rule, all skin diseases allergic nature occur with itching. The dog becomes restless and constantly scratches the itchy area. Wounds, scratches, scratches, and small pustules appear on the body, which can become gateways for the penetration of pathogenic agents and pathogenic flora. This is why, against the background of allergies, viral-bacterial and other associated secondary pathologies and diseases develop.

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Allergy symptoms in dogs:

severe itching, anxiety;
poor coat condition;
decreased activity;
vomiting, nausea;
unstable temperature;
weakness, drowsiness, depression;
hairless areas on the body.

If an infection gets into wounds, scratches, or damage to the skin, acute purulent inflammation, which can affect the deep layers of the epidermis. Body temperature rises, serous, mucous exudate is released from the eyes and nose. The animal becomes lethargic, apathetic, and depressed.

Food allergies disrupt the functioning of the digestive tract. Diarrhea alternates with constipation. The dog refuses food and treats offered, loses weight, looks very weak and exhausted. The fur becomes dull, loses its shine, and falls out in clumps.

In atopic dermatitis, the hair follicles become inflamed. Many bald spots with rough, hyperemic, flaky skin appear on the body. Inflammation develops quite quickly, as indicated by the appearance of small bubbles and blisters filled with cloudy exudate. The inflammatory process can affect all layers of the epidermis, which will significantly affect the dog’s condition.

Allergies disrupt the functioning of the cardiovascular, endocrine, nervous, respiratory system. Convulsions are noted muscle spasms, fever, shortness of breath, frequent attacks of dry cough, arrhythmia. In severe cases due to strong impact allergen may cause anaphylactic shock.

Treatment of allergies in dogs

The first step is to eliminate the main source of the allergy, create a favorable conditions and proper care.

Treatment consists of:

Application antihistamines(Tavegil, Suprastin, diphenhydramine), ointments, creams, gels that relieve inflammation, accelerate tissue regeneration, and block allergic reactions.

Assign antiseptic solutions, homeopathy remedies.

The veterinarian also prescribes restoratives for the animal, symptomatic remedies, vitamins (Zoovit, Kanvit, Balance)

In case of food allergies, the diet is adjusted, a therapeutic diet, and special therapeutic and preventive ready-made food are prescribed. Therapy can be supplemented folk remedies, which will be prescribed by the attending veterinarian. Some dogs, due to their breed and genetic predisposition, are prone to allergies, so they are prescribed lifelong maintenance therapy. Owners must follow all the instructions and recommendations of the veterinarian to avoid allergic attacks and manifestations in their beloved pet.

Dermatitis in dogs

Dermatitis is another group of diseases often diagnosed in dogs. They manifest themselves as inflammation of the skin and damage to the hair follicles.

Dermatitis is manifested by the appearance of foci of inflammation on the body. On your pet’s skin you can see small red blisters filled with liquid, ulcers, and wounds that take a long time to heal. Pustules and small purple blisters appear on the dog’s lips, chin, groin area, and stomach. As dermatitis progresses, large affected areas and hairless inflamed areas appear on the dog’s body. The dog experiences itching and pain. Inflammation affects all layers of the skin and gradually spreads to the deep areas of the epidermis.

Important! With dermatitis of any etiology, the barrier and other functions of the epidermis are disrupted, which can cause the development of systemic disorders.

Treatment of dermatitis depends primarily on the root cause, nature, and severity of the disease.

Apply bactericidal agents, antiseptics, antihistamines.

The affected areas are treated with anti-inflammatory agents for external treatment.

In severe cases, a course of antibiotic therapy is prescribed.

severe itching, restless behavior;
small red rash;
seals on the skin;
scratches, scratches, wounds, long-healing festering tongues;
decreased activity;
dandruff, crusts, dry scabs on the body;
allergy.

Symptoms develop gradually. If the dog has a strong immune system, signs of disease may not be noticed immediately. In dogs, flea dermatitis, sarcoptic mange, and demodicosis are most often diagnosed.

Flea dermatitis

The bite sites swell. Small blisters, pustules, red rash, and dandruff appear. The dog itches, becomes restless, scratches, and chews its skin. The wool becomes dull and brittle. An infection gets into the wounds, which can cause pyoderma, abscesses, and purulent inflammation of the deep layers of the dermis. With severe infestation, hair falls out.

Skin diseases are quite common in dogs. They can be caused by poor nutrition, heart disease, vitamin deficiencies, hormonal problems and a number of other health problems. Let's look at the main skin ailments dogs.

Fungal skin diseases

Microsporia occurs mainly in dogs. It is not difficult to detect some pathogens of the disease; to do this, you need to bring your pet under ultra-violet rays, and then the fungal microorganisms will glow green. In some cases, laboratory tests are required to make an accurate diagnosis. It should be remembered that the fungus is also dangerous for humans. It is treated with medications, combined with baths and skin treatments. Dogs with long hair cut before processing. To avoid secondary infection, all rooms and places where the dog was are disinfected, and old toys and bedding are thrown away.

Bacterial skin diseases

It is not easy to completely cure pyoderma, even if you turn to professionals. Antiseptics, medicated bathing and antibiotics are used. The disease in its advanced form can cause the pet to develop anemia.

Allergic skin diseases in dogs

An allergy is an antibody response to allergens. The causes of the disease may be different. Let's list the most popular among them.

To eliminate allergies in dogs, you first need to eliminate contact with the allergen. Also appointed antihistamines to suppress the reaction, carried out external therapy using ointments and lotions, vaccines are used.

Hormonal skin diseases in dogs

Animals are often allergic to the presence of one or another hormone. It will be indicated by such signs as the appearance of dark age spots on the pet's skin, symmetrical hair loss, unpleasant odor from a sick dog and oily skin. If the problem is associated with excess estrogen, then the pet may develop tumors on the testes. Finally, with excess adrenaline, the dog develops diseases, which result in hair loss and spots on the body.

Some of the most common skin diseases in dogs

This group of diseases includes seborrhea. Signs of the disease are oily skin with an unpleasant odor, the appearance of scales and itching. To treat seborrhea, vitamins, corticosteroids, amino acid agents and estrogens are prescribed. You can also restore the skin by using special soap.

Separately, it should be noted wet eczema, which spreads very quickly. Usually a bacterial infection is added to it. An animal suffering from wet eczema actively chews and tears the skin. Also among the symptoms of the disease heat, vomiting and inflammation of the lymph nodes. Wet, yellow bald spots appear on the skin. Wet eczema should be treated as soon as possible with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs.

Lick granuloma- this is one of the most difficult skin diseases in dogs. It's nothing more than chronic dermatitis, spreading mainly to the paws and back area of the animal. Treat this disease not easy, corticosteroids and radiation are used as therapy, and last method more effective.

Granulomas occur due to objects getting under the animal’s skin. They get rid of them through surgery, and after it antibiotics are used to prevent the development of bacterial diseases.

Skin diseases are among the most common diseases in dogs. In most cases, skin diseases occur due to infections and allergic reactions. However, despite the fact that skin diseases in dogs are much easier to notice with the naked eye than, for example, lesions internal organs, many owners ignore the symptoms, and then learn from the veterinarian that a timely visit to the clinic could save them from struggling with complications.

Skin diseases in dogs are becoming more and more common nowadays. This is due to many aspects: improper and inadequate nutrition, deterioration ecological atmosphere air, sedentary lifestyle. Very often, skin diseases in animals manifest themselves as hereditary predispositions of the skin to various diseases.

Dermatitis- This is an inflammation of the dermis (the second layer of skin), located under the top layer - the epidermis. With dermatitis, all skin functions are disrupted, and this can lead to systemic disorders.

At the slightest change hairline the dog needs to be contacted veterinary clinic to carry out the necessary tests and make an accurate diagnosis of the disease. Below we list the most common skin diseases among dogs, but only a specialist can accurately identify which disease is occurring.

Types and symptoms of skin diseases in dogs

1. Bacterial skin infection.

Staphylococcal bacteria are the main cause of bacterial skin infection in dogs. The ears are most susceptible to bacterial infection. However, symptoms may spread throughout the body. The main symptoms of a bacterial skin infection include rash, pustules, skin inflammation, hair loss and severe itching.

2. Fungal skin infection.

A fungal skin infection in dogs is known as ringworm. It is more common in puppies and less common in adult dogs. The fungus is usually found in the skin, claws and fur. Ringworm usually affects the head and paws. Hair loss is one of the early symptoms fungal skin infection in dogs. If the disease is not treated, the infection can progress and lead to the formation of scabs.

Malassezia dermatitis in dogs is also a fungal infection of the skin. Under this name lies a common yeast fungus; the fungus is not contagious to other animals and people. Since it is part of the usual microflora that is constantly present on the animal’s skin, normal conditions it does not manifest itself in any way, and begins to multiply vigorously only when conditions favorable for this are created.

4. Allergic skin diseases.

Allergic skin diseases in dogs can be caused by food allergies, allergies to chemicals, which are contained in soap and detergents and insect bites. Among them, the most common is atopic dermatitis. To the symptoms atopic dermatitis include rash, itching of the head, ears and paws.

Diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases in dogs

Since skin diseases in dogs can appear for a number of reasons, accurate diagnosis- pretty hard. Diagnosis is usually based on physical examination and medical history dogs. In order to establish the underlying disease veterinarian may take blood, urine, feces and perform a skin biopsy. After making a diagnosis and determining the source of the allergy, the doctor prescribes the appropriate medications for treatment.

The actual treatment of skin disease is based on eliminating the cause of the problem. If this - bacterial infection, then the veterinarian may prescribe a course of treatment with antibiotics (Cephalen, Sinulox, Xiclav, Tsiprovet). To others general procedures treatments include solutions and ointments for local action on the affected areas of the skin (Migstim, ointments - Baksinovaya, Iruksovetin, Ranosan, Phytoelita anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, Diclorex). It is advisable to begin treatment of an animal with Malassezia dermatitis by identifying the underlying cause of the disease. In cases where the underlying disease cannot be treated, periodic relapses of Malassezia dermatitis occur. Then you will need constant use of antifungal agents, for a course of one and a half months (but sometimes more). To cleanse and moisturize the skin, therapeutic and prophylactic shampoos are indicated (Globalvet hypoallergenic, Doctor, Dermilen, Meladerm, Essential, Hexovet, Ketovet, Peroxiderm).

If a skin disease is caused by an allergy, the best way to prevent the disease from developing is to avoid exposure to the allergen.

It is necessary to remember proper nutrition(Farmina) and during illness, transfer the dog to dietary ration, which may involve using special feeds for animals with signs of allergies (Vet Life Dog Hypoallergenic Egg & Rice, Vet Life Dog UltraHypo).

An incorrect diet can lead to problems with the skin, as a lack of microelements leads to destruction hair follicles. Modern dog food is the fruit of much research. It sometimes takes years to develop them. laboratory research and tests. The decision to switch to homemade food cannot be taken lightly; it must be balanced with the addition of vitamin and mineral supplements (Zoovit Balance, Kanvit Biotin, Kanvit with biotin and sea water. Chlorella, Laveta Super Dog, Multi Boost, Multiplex Dog, Polidex Super Vul +, Excel Brewer's yeast d/sob.).

To treat chronic skin diseases, medications may be prescribed that will have to be given to the dog throughout its life. If your dog experiences increased itching or changes in behavior, you should seek advice from your veterinarian. Timely treatment and proper care of the dog is necessary to prevent further complications from developing.

Skin diseases in dogs are considered the most difficult to treat, since the symptoms for different diagnoses can be similar and repeated. In addition, many infections and viruses are so complex in nature that treatment can last several months until complete recovery.

Types of skin diseases

Every dog owner knows that pets are susceptible to various skin diseases, which are similar in symptoms and can seriously harm the animal, even complete baldness. Therefore, it would be a good idea to familiarize yourself with what types of skin diseases exist in dogs. The most common are considered to be:

scabies
microsporia
allergic dermatitis
skin diseases caused by hormones
summer dermatitis and others

Treatment of skin diseases in dogs depends on the type of disease and should be agreed with a veterinarian.

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Symptoms of skin diseases

Scabies

A dog with demodicosis

There are two main forms of scabies: sarcoptic mange and demodectic mange. In both cases, the culprit is a tick. The mite that causes sarcoptic mange loves dry areas of the body and burrows into the skin, forming a kind of “tunnel” and hiding in them. For the same reason, ticks are difficult to detect and destroy.

In the case of sarcoptic mange, hair falls out, the skin at the site of hair loss noticeably darkens, folds form, dandruff and severe itching appear.

The mite that causes demodicosis is localized on the head, upper parts body and limbs. At the beginning of the disease, dry patches appear on the specified parts bodies, which subsequently turn into sores, and with severe itching, the dog tears itself until it bleeds. In this case, the tick bites not only into the skin, but also moves along lymphatic system, spleen and other organs.

Treatment for scabies can take several weeks or even months, it all depends on the severity of the disease and the condition of the animal. To kill ticks, ivermectin is used, which is administered twice over 2 weeks. After the first dose, the itching begins to go away, after the second, the skin lesion is gradually restored, but does not go away so quickly.

If we're talking about about long-haired dogs, they need to be cut during treatment in order to medicines reached the roots of the hair.

Baths made from medicinal solutions are effective.

Microsporia

Fungal infection on a dog's face

Microsporia () is a fungal disease that is caused by fungi Microsporum. Fungi affect areas at the base of the tail, on the top of the head near the ears, and on the limbs. At the site of the lesion, the skin turns red and thickens, the quality of the coat deteriorates, and the hairs stick together.

For the treatment of microsporia, the drugs Grizeofluvina, Nizoral, as well as antifungal agents. An effective option is a 10% solution salicylic acid with 5% iodine tincture. 0.25% trichocetin is used as an antibiotic. Additional help is baths and treating the skin with special preparations.

Allergic dermatitis

Food allergies in dogs

An allergy is the body's reaction to allergens (substances to which the dog is allergic). As a result of this reaction, histamine is released, which provokes an inflammatory process. Allergies in dogs can be caused by various factors:

chemicals
pollen
smells
Food
medications
insect bites

The main symptom of allergies in dogs is severe itching. Dogs become restless, constantly licking and biting certain areas of the body. As a result, red and ragged areas of skin form, wounds open, turning into large sores.

In order to begin treatment, it is necessary to first identify the allergen that causes similar symptoms. Having determined the cause of the disease, the doctor:

excludes the source of the allergy
prescribes medications (for example, tavegil, suprastin) that are aimed at blocking the allergic reaction
prescribes ointments, lotions, baths to destroy the infection

Skin diseases caused by hormones

This is a kind of allergy to hormones due to psychological trauma. At the same time, dogs lose hair, and the skin in this area darkens. If the disease is not treated in time, the skin becomes scaly and oily over time, resulting in an unpleasant specific odor.

Another reason lies in the hormonal infection Hyperestrogenisen as a result of increased secretion of estrogen in the body. Only males who develop tumors on the testes and females over 5 years of age are affected by the disease. In bitches, the main symptom is allergies, leading to inflammation of the uterus.

To treat this disease, both injections and anti-dandruff tablets are used, as well as hormonal drugs with testosterone.

Summer dermatitis

Dermatitis on a Rottweiler's paw

Summer dermatitis is usually associated with the season. However, if a dog has ever become ill with this disease, then dermatitis will bother it more than once, and each time the dog suffers the disease more and more severely. The disease can begin suddenly and progress quickly, affecting the back and tail, which become inflamed and covered with bleeding wounds.

As a result, the dog begins to itch and bite the sore areas, thereby further injuring itself. No wonder that open wounds infected with various bacteria.

To choose the right treatment, the source of the disease is first determined. This is often difficult to do, since it is still not clear what exactly causes such phenomena.

Preventive measures

Compliance preventive measures will protect pets from possible diseases and the consequences from them. The nursery and the items in it should be regularly cleaned, cleaned, and disinfected.

There is no need to skimp on cleaning products for cleaning and disinfection. From time to time, as much as possible, dogs should be bathed, groomed and taken to the veterinarian for examination.