Dangerous skin diseases. Types of skin infections, diagnosis and treatment
Treatment of dermatological diseases is the surest path to complete recovery. For treatment, not only medications can be used, but also various natural remedies that help to recover faster and undergo a rehabilitation course. Moreover, in the case of natural physiological effects, the patient does not risk encountering complications or unwanted effects. The “Skin Treatment” section contains everything you need to know about dermatological diseases.! Descriptions of common skin diseases, symptoms, diagnostic methods and treatment! In each article in the section you will find useful recommendations from experts, as well as educational photo and video materials.
On a note! Skin diseases are distinguished by the fact that they also bring moral suffering to the patient, as they have external manifestations. But the good news is that almost all of them are successfully treated!
The process of treating such pathologies is conventionally divided into a certain number of stages, although much here depends on the nature of the disease and the individual characteristics of the patient. Dermatologists successfully use not only classical, but also modern treatment methods. These include cryotherapy, homeopathy, UV irradiation of blood and herbal medicine, which, in tandem with medications aimed at maintaining the functionality of the pancreas, kidneys and liver, gives really good results. In this case, special attention should in any case be paid to the state of the immune system.
Various creams, ointments and other external agents, as well as traditional methods of treating skin diseases, can only be considered an addition to the main therapy. After all, the condition of the internal organs, as well as the normalization of their activity, is more important.
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Among the most common folk remedies for treating skin diseases are baths with medicinal plants, lotions with silver water, bath procedures, sauna visits and thalassotherapy. But before practicing traditional methods of skin treatment, you need to consult a dermatologist who will help you choose non-drug remedies in accordance with.
Treatment of lichen and fungal skin diseases with folk remedies
There are a very large number of skin diseases. Not only adults suffer, but also children, even newborns. To a greater extent, this is due to poor nutrition, condition, neuropsychic state, as well as the environment. Often the cause of allergic skin rashes and itching is the intake and consumption of foods with a high content of allergens. Therefore, many people are trying to find such treatments to protect themselves from unnecessary complications. The following methods of traditional treatment of skin diseases will help alleviate the condition of allergies, relieve itching and irritation of the skin, which are very exhausting, worsening the general condition. Tips are also given that can be used in the treatment of skin damaged due to or.
How to treat skin diseases with folk remedies without resorting to pharmacological drugs? Lichen ruber sicca can be cured by pouring hot water over it 2 times a day for 3 minutes. It was noted that after 3 days a noticeable improvement occurs, and after 2 weeks it disappears completely.
What folk remedies will help with fungal skin diseases and? Fungal skin infections and furunculosis are treated with silver water. To do this, add 20-25 mg of silver to 1 liter of water and heat it up. Either apply lotions to damaged areas of the skin or wash them with water.
Treatment of skin allergies and dermatitis with folk remedies at home
Allergies occur not only to food, but also to pollen, so they occur more often in May and summer. It flows hard: the nose swells, it constantly runs, the eyes water. And all this itches endlessly. To alleviate allergies, it is recommended to gargle with plain water or water with the addition of soothing herbal infusions (you can use motherwort and valerian) in a small concentration. A shared shower helps relieve an allergic reaction. Every time you return from the street, it is useful to take it for a few minutes.
Baths in the treatment of skin allergies with folk remedies play a very important role as one of the simplest and most accessible, but highly effective auxiliary methods.
How to treat itchy skin at home if it is allergic in nature? For allergic diseases, manifested by a rash on the entire surface of the skin and itching, it is useful to take a bath with a string - an infusion of string herbs is poured into water at a temperature of 36 ° C. An infusion of the same herb can also be taken orally.
Recipe 1
Required. 200-250 g of tripartite herb, 1.5 liters of water.
Preparation. Grind the plant material, pour boiling water, leave for 40 minutes, strain.
Application. Pour the infusion into a bath of water. Take a bath when treating skin dermatitis with folk remedies for 10-15 minutes.
Recipe 2
Required. 20 g of tripartite herb, 500 ml of water.
Preparation. To treat skin diseases with this folk remedy, pour boiling water over the herb and leave for 40 minutes, strain.
Application. Drink 1 tablespoon in the mornings and evenings before meals.
What else can you do to relieve skin itching, and what folk remedies will help in treating allergies with rashes on the body? In this case, a bath with currant leaves and branches is useful.
Recipe 3
Required. 300 g of fresh or 150 g of dry leaves and twigs of black currant, 3 liters of boiling water.
Preparation. Pour boiling water over the plant material and leave for 1.5-2 hours.
Application. For folk treatment of itchy skin, pour the infusion into warm water and take a bath for 8-10 minutes. This time will be enough to nourish the skin C and P, micro and.
Folk remedies for skin diseases: baths for allergies
For skin diseases, chamomile and hop baths are indicated for the treatment of allergic dermatitis. They have an anti-inflammatory effect, improve skin resistance to infection, and also stimulate the formation of new cells during skin inflammation.
Aromatic baths are indicated for the folk treatment of skin allergies, chronic, infiltrative psoriasis. The same baths are recommended for the alternative treatment of cutaneous atopic dermatitis, vasculitis, diffuse neurodermatitis and other dermatoses outside the acute stage. They are useful not only for the skin, but also for the whole body. Using this folk remedy for skin allergies, one or several plants collected in the mountains, meadows and clearings, and forests are selected for aromatic baths. In this case, the bouquet can consist not only of flowers and herbs (such as wormwood, mint, oregano, thyme, sage, chamomile, yarrow, calendula, etc.), but also of young shoots or twigs, buds of trees, for example birch, oak , alder, pine, maple, etc.
If a plant causes pleasant sensations in a person, then it will certainly have a beneficial effect on the entire body if it is brewed, infused and added to bath water.
Below is a recipe for how to relieve itchy skin at home using the following baths:
Required. 150-200 g collection of any aromatic plants, 1 liter of boiling water.
Preparation. Pour boiling water over the crushed plant material and leave for half an hour. Pour the filtered infusion (or together with the herb) into a warm bath.
Application. Take a bath for 15 minutes. The course of treatment is 10-15 baths every other day.
Mustard baths as a method of treating skin itching with folk remedies are indicated for scleroderma, palmoplantar psoriasis, and trophic ulcers of the lower leg. They provide a pronounced expansion of the peripheral, which is manifested by redness of the skin. At the same moment, a decrease in blood pressure occurs, and nervous excitability also decreases.
Recipe
Required. 100-200 g of dry mustard powder for a general bath or 10-15 g for a local one.
Preparation. Dilute mustard powder in a bowl with warm water (38-40°C) to the consistency of liquid sour cream. Pour the mixture into a bath of water at a temperature of 36-38 ° C and stir well.
Application. Take a bath for 10-15 minutes. After the bath, rinse with warm water and then lie down in a warm bed for 1-1.5 hours. The course of treatment is 8-10 procedures performed every other day.
Contraindications to the use of this folk method of treating skin diseases are seizures, individual intolerance, feverish conditions, etc.
How to treat itchy skin at home with folk remedies
Another effective folk remedy for skin diseases is baths with flaxseed decoction. They have been popular for a very long time. The medicinal value of this annual plant is explained by its high content of mucus-forming substances, carbohydrates and organic acids. The mucous decoction of this folk remedy for itchy skin has an excellent enveloping and anti-inflammatory effect. Baths with flaxseed are indicated for itching, eczema, and neurodermatitis.
Recipe
Required. 250 g flaxseed, 5 liters of warm water.
Preparation. Pour water over the seeds and bring to a boil. Then filter the broth through a cloth and add it to a bath with water at a temperature of 37-38 ° C.
Application. Take a bath for no more than 20 minutes. The course of treatment is 8-10 baths every other day.
Walnut baths are another folk remedy for body itching in the treatment of chronic diseases with a subacute course, for the prevention of chronic dermatoses. They are also recommended for the treatment of subacute and chronic eczema, psoriasis, and furunculosis.
Recipe
Required. 400 g walnut shells and leaves, 1.5 liters of water.
Preparation. Pour boiling water over the plant material and leave for 30-40 minutes. Strain and pour into a bath of water at a temperature of 37-38 °C.
Application. Take a bath to treat itchy skin at home for no more than 25 minutes. The course of treatment is 8-10 baths every other day.
Treatment of skin fungus with traditional medicine: tar baths
Recipe
Required. 100 ml of tar, 75 ml of 70% ethyl alcohol, water.
Preparation. Mix the ingredients by vigorous shaking, pour in a thin stream into a warm bath (36-38 ° C).
Application. Take a bath for 15-30 minutes. The course of treatment is 8-10 baths every other day.
In especially severe cases, before taking a bath, you can lubricate the affected areas of the skin with clean tar. Afterwards, wash off the tar from the skin with green soap.
Contraindications. Individual intolerance.
When treating skin dermatitis at home, with limited forms of eczema or neurodermatitis, a bath with an infusion of birch leaves can also help.
Recipe
Required. 2 tablespoons of fresh or 4 tablespoons of dry birch leaves, 200 ml of boiling water.
Preparation. Pour boiling water over the leaves and leave for 30 minutes. Cool the infusion to 37 °C and filter through cheesecloth, pour into warm water.
Application. Do local baths or take general baths for 10-15 minutes. The course of treatment is 10-15 procedures every other day.
How and how to relieve skin itching: treatment at home with folk remedies
An excellent folk remedy for the treatment of skin diseases such as itching, pruritus, chronic eczema and dermatosis are oak baths. Their healing effect is determined by the astringent, anti-inflammatory, anti-putrefactive properties of this plant.
Recipe
Required. From 250 g to 1 kg of common oak bark, 1.5-6 liters of water.
Preparation. For folk treatment of itchy skin, the bark should be poured with hot water, heated, followed by boiling for 5 minutes, filtered and added to a bath with a water temperature of 36-38 ° C.
Application. Take general and local baths for 15-20 minutes. The course of treatment is 8-10 baths every other day.
Another effective folk remedy for treating itchy skin is starch baths. They have a softening, enveloping and anti-inflammatory effect and are indicated for those suffering from itchy dermatoses.
Recipe
Required. 200-300 g potato starch, 2-3 liters of water.
Preparation. Mix starch with water until “milk” forms and pour into a bath of warm water.
Application. Take local and general baths for 10-15 minutes. After the procedure, you should not wash yourself with clean water or take a shower. The course of treatment is 6-10 baths every other day.
Also, when treating skin diseases at home, baths with juniper berries are recommended. They are indicated for microbial eczema, neurodermatitis, psoriasis and chronic dermatoses. The beneficial effect of such baths is provided by the anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, diuretic properties of the plant fruits. They contain essential oil, phytoncides, organic acids, pigments and others.
Recipe
Required. 200 g of common juniper berries, 1 liter of warm water.
Preparation. Pour water over the berries and boil for 5 minutes. Strain the broth and add to a bath with a water temperature of 37-38 °C.
Application. Take a bath for no more than 20 minutes. The course of treatment is 10 baths every other day.
Treatment of itchy skin with folk remedies in the bath and sauna
In folk medicine, in the treatment of many skin diseases, a bathhouse was used, which successfully combines high temperature, high air humidity, water and medicinal plants. In the baths they treated and continue to treat chronic eczema outside the acute stage, atopic neurodermatitis, and prurigo, essential and neurogenic itching, urticaria, all forms of psoriasis outside the acute stage, parapsoriasis, lichen planus, limited forms of scleroderma, acrodermatitis, ichthyosis, dermatitis outside the acute stage , chronic furunculosis without suppuration, conglobate acne.
Scientific medicine has proven that it has a beneficial effect on the neurohumoral (from the Greek neuron - “nerve”, from the Latin humor - “liquid”) mechanisms of pathological processes throughout the body, including on the skin. It helps to neutralize and accelerate the elimination of harmful microflora, its waste products, waste and toxins, allergenic compounds that accumulate inside the body and on the surface of the skin; improves the regeneration of the epidermis - the upper, or outer, layer of the skin. But at the same time, people suffering from microbial, mycotic, dyshidrotic, paratraumatic and seborrheic eczema are not recommended to visit the bathhouse during the acute period, since temperature differences and high humidity can lead to complications in the course of the disease. Outside the acute stage, such water procedures are indicated for people suffering from these diseases, but in the absence of harsh effects on the skin - whipping with a broom, strong shower and massage. In all other cases, in the absence of contraindications from other organs and systems, a bathhouse, sauna, steam room are the best assistants in the treatment of skin diseases, both in adults and in children over two years of age.
Do not forget that such folk remedies for skin diseases, such as medicinal plants in a bath, only improve the therapeutic effect. It is in the bathhouse, when the pores expand, that blood circulation in the skin is accelerated, and active nutrition of the skin, as well as internal organs and systems, occurs due to the supply of blood enriched with biologically active substances of plants. Such folk remedies for skin treatment include, first of all, birch, licorice, white willow, oak, black currant, knotweed, creeping thyme, horsetail, dandelion, plantain, mint, burdock, juniper, valerian, oregano and many other. Medicinal plants recommended for traditional skin treatment have antiallergic, antipruritic, sedative, anti-inflammatory, and normalizing effects. It is very easy to prepare infusions of medicinal plants in the bathhouse, since the flowers, leaves and twigs steam very quickly. Infusions in the bathhouse are used both for local baths and for inhalations, when the infusion, diluted with water, is poured onto stones. For baths, it is recommended to add infusions in a ratio of 1:5 or 1:10, so as not to overload the skin with active substances. If your doctor is not against you taking a steam bath with a broom, then try making a broom yourself by mixing birch or oak branches with any of the above herbs or several of them. You also need to steam such a broom according to the rules: first hold it in cold water for 5 minutes, and then put it in boiling water for 10 minutes. After this, the broom will be ready to give your skin all the most beneficial things it contains.
Traditional methods of treating skin with sea water
Traditional medicine also recommends thalassotherapy for skin treatment - healing with sea water. Many patients suffering from chronic skin diseases try to regularly travel to the Black Sea coast or the Dead Sea. People suffering from a wide variety of diseases, including skin diseases, come here from all over the world. The water of these seas actually has healing properties, since the salts contain macro- and microelements that have a beneficial effect on the skin, nervous system, circulatory system and internal organs. The beneficial effects of the sun, air, wind and sea water are the best helpers in the fight against skin diseases. Those who do not have the opportunity to visit seaside resorts should not despair.
A bath at home is, of course, not the sea. But you can pour sea salt purchased from a pharmacy into the water, charge the water with positive energy, add an infusion of fragrant herbs to it and enjoy the procedure in solitude, which will also never be superfluous if you want to relax and calm down. This is important, since very often one of the causes of skin diseases is nervous fatigue.
The use of water procedures is indicated to prevent exacerbations of skin diseases. In addition to hygienic benefits, they promote relaxation, relieving the feeling of fatigue not only from physical and mental stress, but also psychological fatigue, which is increasingly observed among residents of megacities.
This, of course, is not a complete list of water procedures indicated for various diseases of organs and systems. But this is quite enough for a person not to despair and fight his illnesses not only with the help of medications, but also with the help of water, not forgetting that the use of water is one of the most important preventive measures that prevents almost all diseases known to medicine .
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Currently, skin diseases are considered as a symptomatic complex indicating problems with internal organs. Most often, skin diseases on the body appear due to dysbacteriosis, pathologies of the liver, intestines, thyroid and pancreas. Skin diseases are considered from the position that the epidermis is primarily an organ of the immune system.
It takes on the primary impact of external pathogenic factors: dirt, pathogenic microorganisms, cold, heat, aggressive environments, etc. Any skin disease on the human body has a set of pathogenetic causes, the timely elimination of which determines the success of therapy. In this regard, the diagnosis of skin diseases includes tests of urine, blood and feces, ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs, and the study of liver transaminases. In this way, the causes of skin diseases are identified for their further relief and complex therapy for the external manifestations of dermatoses.
Skin affected by dermatosis may appear at various stages of the disease as covered in rashes or scabs, pustules or acne, blisters and pustules.
Types of common skin diseases
The social significance of skin diseases is great, since skin diseases are very common. Skin manifestations are accompanied by many internal diseases. Common skin diseases that are not associated with damage to internal organs and systems often interfere with the ability to play sports, sometimes limit communication, and deprive an individual of the opportunity to work or perform some social role.
Varieties of skin diseases of any etiology are usually called the general term “dermatoses”. Thus, skin and skin diseases are currently considered from the point of view of their relationship with the functioning of internal organs and the entire organism as a whole. Therefore, the main types of dermatoses are divided according to the gradation of the influence of external and internal factors. Thus, liver itching, psoriasis as an effect of liver damage, eczema against the background of allergic alertness and a number of other serious pathologies stand out. You can read more about the types of dermatoses on this page.
In the meantime, look at skin diseases in the photo, which shows their symptoms:
Classification and causes of major skin diseases
The simplest classification of skin diseases - dermatoses - is their division according to the type of etiological factors into endogenous and exogenous.
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External and internal causes of skin diseases in modern humans |
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External (exogenous) |
Domestic (endogenous) |
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Mechanical (injuries, wounds, bruises, abrasions, cuts, etc.); physical (heat and cold, radiant radiation, electric current); chemical (acids, alkalis, many others); Hereditary factors, genetic disorders (ichthyosis, psoriasis, many others); allergic predisposition; immune system disorders; endocrinopathies (hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, etc.); functional changes in the nervous system and endocrine glands (stress; puberty, pregnancy, menopause); |
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foci of chronic infection (development of autoallergy; exacerbation of chronic dermatoses); diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (liver disease, colitis, gastritis); changes in the vascular system (condition of capillaries, arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels); diseases of the hematopoietic organs (T-lymphoma, coagulation system, thrombocytopenia, etc.); malignant neoplasms (metastasis to the skin); diseases of the genitourinary system (adenomas, uremia, etc.) |
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There is no generally accepted classification of dermatoses. There are different approaches to dividing skin diseases into types: according to clinical signs, histological characteristics and pathohistological changes. Major skin diseases include all pathogenic changes in the layers of the epidermis with or without the addition of a secondary infection.
The epidermis is hyperemic with a pinpoint red rash. If left untreated at this stage, further transformation occurs. Bubbles with liquid appear. They open and types of pustules with a wound eroded surface are formed. Bacterial contamination easily occurs on it and the development of the next stage - suppuration - begins.
What are the skin diseases in adults: symptoms
Skin diseases in adults are designated as dermatoses, which are used as collective terms denoting various congenital and acquired pathological changes of the skin of various origins, including over 2300 items in the ICD10. You can learn more about what skin diseases there are on this page. Common types of skin diseases are presented, accompanied by brief characteristics.
Chronic skin diseases can be divided simply into two large groups according to the etiopathogenetic principle:
- Congenital skin diseases- changes in the fetus during pregnancy under the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors due to metabolic disorders, tuberculosis, diabetes, and various infections in a pregnant woman. This group includes almost all epithelial pathology, which is defined by dermatologists with the word “atopy”, all constitutional changes, parasyphilis;
- Acquired chronic dermatoses, arising under the influence of living conditions, life, work, and ecology.
Among them we can distinguish such groups of dermatoses as:
- allergic dermatoses(i.e. associated with a perverted immune response of the body),
- connective tissue diseases(damage to collagen fibers in scleroderma, lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, periarteritis nodosa, pathology of elastic fibers in leiomyomas, changes in the level of erythrocytes, lymphocytes, leukocytes in some erythemas),
- bullous or blistering dermatoses(autoimmune diseases in essence, i.e. associated with a violation of the control of the immune system over the recognition of self and foreign to the body, when autoantibodies appear against altered cells of the body itself, altered often under the influence of long-term presence of microbes in foci of chronic infections; microbe + cell protein complex leads to the appearance of autoantibodies),
- dermatoses with endocrinopathies(amyloidosis, necrobiosis lipoidica, retinopathy, angiopathy, alopecia and diseases of the hair, skin glands, acne);
- d ermatoses associated with psychopathy and neuropsychic pathologies (atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, eczema), etc.
Other various chronic skin diseases
The classification of various skin diseases in the form of a single generally accepted classification can only be compiled on the basis of a single conceptual position in relation to the formation of a classification of diseases.
Currently, the science of dermatology is making attempts to create a unified classification, taking as a methodological principle either the clinical manifestations of human skin diseases, or the primary morphological elements of dermatoses, or etiological factors, or by agents of physical, chemical, biological, infectious effects, but more than 2/3 Dermatoses are not classified according to any of the listed factors.
The English scientific school of dermatology offers physiological methods of research and classification.
The German school offers a very complex classification according to the histopathomorphology of elements (using the characteristics of tissue changes in dermatoses with such concepts as: acanthosis, anaplasia, hyperkeratosis, granulosis, granuloma, dyskeratosis, microabscesses, parakeratosis, papillomatosis, acantholysis, vacuolar degeneration, ballooning degeneration, spongiosis).
The domestic school of dermatology offers an interesting and informative concept - based on the principle of the presence of developmental defects, for example, highlighting such groups of chronic skin diseases as:
- Hereditary diseases, i.e. genetically determined;
- Keratoses;
- Connective tissue pathologies;
- Epithelization disorders and formation of vesicular elements;
- Phakomatoses, i.e. associated with neurocutaneous interactions;
- Photodermatoses;
- Tumors.
Look at these human skin diseases in the photo, where their typical clinical signs are visible:
Diagnosis of skin diseases
First, let's talk about the causes of skin diseases, since this is extremely important for diagnostic measures. In addition to the negative influence factors described above, the condition of the internal organs is crucial. The classic cause of dermatosis is a violation of the microflora of the small and large intestines, helminthic invasion and the development of a large number of pathogenic microorganisms. As a result, sensitization of the body occurs and the skin reacts painfully to any contact with a negative environmental factor.
Knowing about such causes of skin pathologies, it is logical to begin examining the patient with a banal stool test for worm eggs. It would also be nice to make a coprogram. Skin diseases in approximately half of clinical cases are associated with dysbacteriosis.
Diagnosis of skin diseases and their treatment includes, generally speaking, all the actions you have learned while studying the basic clinical disciplines:
- Inspection(we record in the medical history the color of the skin, the condition of the skin appendages, the localization of morphological elements, the consistency of the rash, the characteristics of objective symptoms, the location and grouping or scattering of the elements of the rash);
- Complaints patient, i.e. subjective symptoms of dermatoses;
- Anamnesis(clarification of exogenous and endogenous influencing factors, seasonality of rashes, familial nature of dermatosis, connection with working conditions, rest, nutrition, presence of somatic diseases, chronic infections, effectiveness of means and methods of previous treatment);
- Clinical analysis, carried out at a sufficient professional level of knowledge of the morphological elements and the nature of the course of skin rashes, often does not require laboratory confirmation;
- Laboratory research(microscopy, bacteriology, histology, immunological and serological reactions are necessary in some cases).
Therapy for skin diseases
Therapy of skin diseases includes the use of general treatment and local manipulations, the choice and combination of which depend on:
- Prevalence of skin manifestations;
- Degree of aggression of dermatosis;
- Duration of flow;
- The need to use specific drugs for the treatment of skin diseases (for example, fungicidal therapy for fungal skin diseases);
- The use of angioprotectors or angiocorrectors depending on the progression of clinical symptoms;
- Lipotropic agents or hepatoprotectors, taking into account the role of liver pathology in the pathogenesis of dermatoses;
- Treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, in particular dysbiosis;
- Treatment of endocrinopathies, mobilization of the functioning of the adrenal glands;
- Possibilities of using thalassotherapy and heliotherapy.
Methods for treating skin diseases
Modern methods of treating skin diseases include general means (sedatives, antihistamines, desensitizing drugs, specific and nonspecific immunocorrectors, immunotherapy methods, corticosteroid drugs, cytostatics, antibiotics, anabolic drugs and many others) and local treatment (powders, lotions, shaken mixtures, aerosols , ointments, pastes, oils, compresses, plasters, medicated soaps, etc.).
The choice of treatment regimen is made by the attending dermatologist, depending on the patient’s condition and the degree of damage to the epithelial surface.
Local treatment of skin diseases
They are prescribed taking into account the localization and distribution, depth and nature of the lesion, and be sure to ask the patient about the tolerability of previously used drugs.
An important rule for local treatment of skin diseases for various lesions:
- Do not forcibly remove scales, crusts, or drug residues - the affected areas are generously moistened with cotton wool with petroleum jelly or vegetable oil (olive, peach, flaxseed, corn, sunflower, etc.);
- You can apply an oil bandage - in this case, excess layers from the source of dermatosis are easily and painlessly removed. Purulent discharge from erosions and ulcers is removed using a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide. The skin around the lesion is treated and wiped with 1-2% salicylic, camphor or 40-70% ethyl alcohol (child’s skin - 30%). Accordingly, tweezers, curved scissors, and cotton swabs are used.
The effectiveness of local therapy depends on the “little things” during manipulation. Let us pay attention to some common and practice-tested, well-proven methods of local treatment of pathological skin conditions.
How to treat skin diseases with lotions (with video)
Before treating skin diseases with lotions, it is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis and write a prescription for pharmaceutical preparation of a pharmacological composition. Examples of effective solutions for lotions: saline solution, 1-2% resorcinol solution, 0.25% silver nitrate solution, lead water, 2-3% boric acid solution, furatsilin solution, rivanol (ethacridine lactate), 0.25-0.5% solution of chlorhexidine, decoctions and infusions of herbs, tea, flowers - naturally, as prescribed by a doctor.
Principles of the procedure: the solution should be cold, it should be stored in the refrigerator and poured in small portions into a bowl to wet the fabric (or add ice during the procedure), it is better to use linen or linen fabric, not gauze, in 4-6 layers. In addition, the patient should be explained that during the procedure he himself determines the duration, the time of contact of the wet tissue and his skin, but not by the second hand of the clock, but by his own feelings: “... until the feeling of warmth...”. Namely: a fabric (several layers of gauze or linen) folded appropriately for application to a certain area of the skin is immersed in a cold medicinal solution for a lotion.
For example, in prepared fabric for face lotions, you can cut holes for the mouth and eyes. So, immerse the fabric in a cold solution, wet it - now you need to squeeze it out, but without gripping it with both palms (do not heat it!), and try to squeeze it out with your fingertips, but quite hard - the solution does not flow from the fabric. Apply a wet, cold, wrung-out cloth to the site of skin manifestations, lightly pressing it against the skin by the edges (not with the surface of your palms - do not heat it!), and hold for as long as you feel the coolness of the wet cloth - until you feel warm! When this sensation appears (1-2 minutes or 10-15 minutes - individual differences are due to many factors), wet the cloth again (in a fresh part of the solution from the refrigerator, if the one that was originally poured has warmed up) - wring out - apply - until sensations of warmth. This is repeated for 20-30 minutes (sometimes for 1-2 hours). The entire procedure is repeated 2-4 or more times a day (according to indications).
As a variant of the action of solutions, wet-dry dressings are used: in this case, 8-12 layers of gauze are moistened with the solution prescribed for the patient and cover the area of changes on the skin, fixed, after 2-3 hours the solution is changed. It should be remembered that hypertonic solutions are sometimes prescribed for lotions and wet-dry dressings.
Watch how skin diseases are treated in the video, which shows the method of using lotions:
How to treat skin diseases with talkers and ointments
Aqueous, aqueous-alcoholic and oily mixtures are used for shaking mixtures (chatterboxes). Before treating skin diseases with talkers, you need to carry out preparations, including cleansing the epidermis.
Composition of the mash: about 30% solid, powdery substances (zinc oxide, starch, talc, white clay, as well as precipitated sulfur, tar, naphthalan, ichthyol, etc.) and about 70% aqueous or oily base (water, alcohol, glycerin , petroleum jelly, vegetable oils). It is necessary to carefully displace the 2 layers in the package with the mash, namely: the sediment and the supernatant liquid, using shaking movements, and only then apply it to the skin (with a cotton swab or a cotton swab). The liquid quickly evaporates in air, leaving a thin layer of powder on the skin. This treatment can be carried out 2-3 times a day; water-alcohol mixtures are used for no more than 3-5 days, as they can cause excessive dryness of the skin. The paste is used both without bandages and under 2-3 rounds of bandages.
The paste is applied with a spatula and with light movements, in strips, smeared over the lesion. The paste is based on equal amounts of solid substances (zinc oxide powders, talc, etc.) and fatty substances (lanolin, petroleum jelly, fish oil, olive oil, etc.), as well as various medicinal substances (sulfur, ichthyol, tar, naphthalan, resorcinol, ASD, boric acid). The paste has an anti-inflammatory, drying, keratolytic effect. Apply the paste 1-2 times a day with a spatula, as the vellus hair grows, and we must not forget that the paste is not washed off with water, but removed with a cotton swab moistened with any vegetable oil.
Oils are used not only for cleaning lesions and as part of mash and pastes, but also independently, topically - olive, peach, lavender oil, tea tree oil, jojoba oil and other delights of arbmatherapy in the form of inhalations, baths, applications, etc. A method tested for decades in the practice of treating dermatoses - the use of zinc oil (20% zinc oxide in vegetable oil) with the addition of various drugs.
Powders and powders are used to reduce itching, disinfection, i.e. when you need to absorb fat, sweat, moisture, and to cool the skin. Powder forms of indifferent substances (zinc oxide, talc, starch, white clay), disinfectants (xeroform, dermatol) and antibacterial (streptocide, chloramphenicol) and other substances (resorcinol, sulfur, borax, naphthalan, menthol, anesthesin, etc.) are used.
Ointments are most often used in the local treatment of dermatoses.
The ointment consists of a fat base (vaseline, lanolin, vegetable oil, purified lard, fish oil, etc.) and drugs (sulfur, tar, resorcinol, ichthyol, salicylic acid, cytostatics, corticosteroids, antibiotics, sulfonamides, dimexide, interferon, snake poison, propolis, etc.). Depending on the ingredients, the ointment has antipruritic, exfoliating, bactericidal, absorbable, and anti-inflammatory effects.
The methods of applying ointments must correspond to the skin process: according to the doctor’s prescription, for some dermatoses the ointment is applied without a bandage, without rubbing, for others - the ointment is rubbed in, ointment dressings are also used - a correctly applied bandage with ointment stops the access of air and the effect of drugs in the affected area is stronger , deep. (The local temperature rises, the surface layers of the epidermis loosen, and the skin vessels dilate.)
If independent movements of patients with severe dermatoses are significantly difficult (pemphigus, arthropathic psoriasis, erythroderma, reticulosis and lymphoma, systemic lupus erythematosus, collagenosis, etc.), care is provided: changing bed linen, hygiene procedures (washing over a basin from a jug; washing with a weak solution potassium permanganate using a cotton swab attached to a forceps; rinsing the mouth with disinfectant solutions, wiping the tongue and mouth with a 1% solution of borax with a 10% solution of glycerin with a spatula wrapped in gauze).
Ointments and pastes are used taking into account the indicated expiration date; from the general packaging, the nurse gives the required amount of medication to the patient on wax paper.
Medicinal soaps: tar, glycerin, sulfur, resorcinol, sulfur-salicylic and others.
Varnishes are compositions that dry quickly to form a thin film and are used without a bandage strictly on a limited area (warts, nail plates, etc.).
Plasters are a sticky mass based on wax and some other substances used to soften tissues. Salicylic, corn, urea and other patches are used.
Therapeutic baths
Therapeutic baths are a very important part of local treatment. According to the temperature indicator, baths are called ordinary, or indifferent (34-36 °C), warm (36-38 °C), hot (39 °C and above), cool (33-21 °C) and cold (20 °C and below ). The duration of regular baths is 15-25 minutes, warm - 10 minutes, hot - 5 minutes. It is recommended to take baths 1-2 hours after meals. The duration of therapeutic baths, for example starch baths, is sometimes 0.5-1 hour. Therapeutic baths with the addition of starch (potato or rice), as well as rolled oats or bran (wheat or almond) act as an antipruritic and skin softener. There are several options for preparing such therapeutic baths at home. For example, you can put starch or bran (0.5-1.0 kg) in a linen bag in a bath of water at normal or warm temperature (36-37 °C) and periodically squeeze the bag directly in the water.
You can prepare a bran decoction in advance, strain and add to the bath.
You can dilute 1-2 cups of starch in cold water in a separate small bowl, stir thoroughly until a homogeneous suspension is obtained, then pour this suspension into the finished warm bath.
You can first pour this diluted suspension of starch (1-2 cups in 1-2 liters of water), with constant stirring, into a pan of boiling water (5-7 liters), and then pour this starch jelly into the prepared bath, equalize the temperature to the prescribed to this patient and then begin the procedure.
There is also a method: oatmeal (2-3 cups) is poured with plain water into a container such as a three-liter jar and left for 6-8 hours, i.e. in the morning or evening, depending on the time convenient for the patient to undergo the procedure - a medicinal bath. Before use, the contents of the jar are mixed and filtered through a sieve - everything that has passed through this filter - a fluffy, soft and delicate fine suspension, is poured into the prepared bath.
After the bath, dry the body with a sheet or soft towel.
Products for external treatment of skin diseases can be divided into the following groups
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Antiseptic |
Aniline dyes (1% alcohol solution of brilliant green, methylene blue, fuchsin (fucorcin preparation), gentian violet), hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, boric acid (2-3%), alcohol |
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20% benzyl benzoate ointment (10% emulsion) tar, green soap, sulfur aerosols “Spregal”, “PARA-plus”, “Nittifor”, “Pedilin”, “Medifox” 0.2-0.4% - ny |
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Fungicidal |
Tincture of iodine, orungal, nizoral, lamisil, mycospor, nitrofungin, clotrimazole, exifin, exoderil, and many others. etc. |
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Antipruritic |
Menthol, anesthesin, diphenhydramine, citric and acetic acids |
The skin performs a very important function - it protects the internal organs of a person. Not only the appearance, but also the health of a person directly depends on its condition. Very often, people are faced with skin diseases that bring not only physical suffering, but also enormous moral discomfort.
Content:
Causes of skin diseases
Almost all skin diseases have the same causes, the main ones being:
- Infections
- Problems with the functioning of internal organs
- Allergic reactions
- Hormonal imbalance
- Injuries
- Problems with the cardiovascular system
- Problems with the intestines, namely dysbiosis
Of course, the main cause of skin diseases is infections. They provoke various disorders in the body. However, in order to somehow protect yourself from skin diseases, you must carefully follow the rules of hygiene, which will help prevent the penetration of certain infections.
If you notice any changes in your skin, the appearance of strange spots on it, you should immediately consult a doctor who can accurately determine the cause and make a diagnosis, as well as prescribe all the necessary medications for a speedy recovery process.
Types of skin diseases
Like any other diseases, skin diseases can be divided into several types, which will include certain ailments:
Whatever the type of skin disease, it is not recommended to treat it on your own, since there are certain approaches to treating this or that disease. And if you solve the problem yourself, you can only harm the skin, which will subsequently lead to even greater troubles.
The most common skin diseases
We should also talk about those skin diseases that are most common. Typically, this list includes:
- Psoriasis. This is one of the most mysterious skin diseases, the causes of which have not yet been precisely established. The only thing known is that the earlier psoriasis appears in a person, the worse it goes. The main symptoms are the appearance of peeling and inflammation on the skin. It often happens that the disease seems to have passed, but after some time it recurs again, and treatment has to be started again. There are three stages of psoriasis - progressive, stationary, recurrent. If we talk about treatment, it mainly takes place when prescribing external ointments, which include ichthyol, menthol, tar, various alkalis, sulfur, etc. In addition, the patient is prescribed a complex of vitamins that are necessary for the body. This or that type of treatment or ointment should be chosen only by a doctor who will do this based on individual characteristics, as well as the degree and progression of the disease
- Fungal diseases. Fungi are common causative agents of skin diseases. They love dampness and warmth very much, and therefore reproduce very well on human skin. You can catch a fungal disease in a swimming pool, bathhouse, shower cabins in sports halls, etc. There are a lot of places. And since they spread very quickly, it sometimes becomes simply impossible to protect the body. Curing a fungal disease is sometimes not so easy. It seems that the disease has gone away, but in fact it has “subsided” for an indefinite period of time
- Candidiasis. Of course, this is a fungal disease, but it is isolated separately due to the difficulty of treatment, as well as due to its very rapid spread in the body
- Herpes. Quite often you can find herpes in people of different ages. This disease does not have any age restrictions. It is transmitted through saliva or sexual intercourse. There is an opinion that you can become infected with herpes in early childhood, and at the same time it will worsen only at that moment (that is, make itself felt) when the immune system is weakened (during the flu, ARVI, etc.). Herpes manifests itself as rashes on the skin, mainly on the lips. A person can fall asleep completely healthy and wake up with an ugly blister. Herpes is usually treated with tetracycline, as well as antiviral drugs.
- Warts. The causative agent of this disease is Panil, a human lomatosis virus. Warts do not look very aesthetically pleasing, which is why, as soon as a person notices it on himself, he tries to get rid of it immediately. Cryotherapy is the best way to get rid of a simple wart. It often happens that if you remove just one or two warts, the rest will disappear on their own. Of course, in most cases people have simple warts, but sometimes they also have genital and plantar warts, which are a little more difficult to get rid of
- Acne. One of the most common skin diseases is acne. They cause great discomfort, as they mainly affect the skin of the face and look ugly. Acne in most cases appears due to problems with the intestines, as well as as a consequence of hormonal imbalance. That is why it is worth establishing the exact cause of acne, and only then starting treatment. In order to prevent the appearance of a rash, it is necessary to carefully monitor your skin and follow all the rules of personal hygiene.
Skin diseases occur in almost every second person on earth, which is why a lot of time is spent studying them. If you suddenly notice any changes, growths, or redness in yourself, then there is no need to delay. It is necessary to immediately contact a specialist, because if you start treatment on time, you can avoid unpleasant consequences!
Thank you
The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Consultation with a specialist is required!
Diseases skin represent a broad group of pathologies characterized by a violation of the integrity, structure and functions of the skin or its appendages (hair and nails). That is, skin diseases mean pathologies that cause any disturbances in its structure and functions. The branch of medicine that deals with the course and treatment of skin diseases is called dermatology. Accordingly, a doctor who specializes in the treatment of skin diseases is called a dermatologist.The skin performs a number of very important functions, such as barrier, protective, excretory, respiratory, etc. The performance of these functions is ensured by the structure of the skin, as well as by the “commands” that come to its cells from the nervous and endocrine systems, as well as from individual organs. Since the skin is closely connected with all internal organs, any pathological processes in them may well provoke skin diseases. For example, digestive disorders, chronic infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, vitamin deficiency and many other pathologies of internal organs cause a skin reaction, manifested in the development of one or another skin disease.
Depending on the type of general pathological process or functional disorder occurring in the internal organs, skin diseases that develop in response to them can manifest themselves differently, for example, inflammation, bruising, pigmentation disorders, etc.
And since the skin is also in direct contact with the environment, it is highly susceptible to the influence of all the negative factors present in it. These factors can also cause the development of skin diseases, which are manifested by various pathological processes, for example, inflammation, the formation of hemorrhages or rashes, peeling, itching, etc.
It is quite simple to identify skin diseases, since they always manifest themselves with symptoms visible to the eye, such as rashes, changes in the color or structure of the skin, hemorrhages, etc.
Skin diseases - names and types
Currently doctors and scientists identify the following skin diseases:- Skin abscess;
- Acne;
- Acrodermatitis atrophic;
- Actinic granuloma;
- Actinic keratosis;
- Actinic reticuloid;
- Skin amyloidosis;
- Anhidrosis;
- Kaposi's angioreticulosis;
- Anetoderma Schwenninger-Buzzi;
- Anetoderma Jadassohn-Pellisari;
- Anyum;
- Pasini-Pierini atrophoderma;
- Atopic dermatitis (including Bernier's pruritus);
- Atrophic stripes (striae, stretch marks);
- Basalioma;
- Gougereau-Duppert disease;
- Warts;
- Epidermolysis bullosa;
- Wine stains;
- Dermatitis herpetiformis (During's dermatitis);
- Skin herpes;
- Hidradenitis;
- Hyperkeratosis;
- Granuloma annular;
- Decubital ulcer;
- Diaper dermatitis, allergic, seborrheic, contact, exfoliative, irritant contact, infectious, radiation;
- Dermatomyositis;
- Dyshidrosis (pompholyx);
- Impetigo;
- Ichthyosis;
- Calcinosis of the skin;
- Carbuncles;
- Keloid scar;
- Epidermal, trichodermal cyst;
- The skin is rhombic in the occipital area;
- Molluscum contagiosum;
- Urticaria idiopathic, allergic, dermatographic, vibrational, contact, cholinergic, solar;
- Lupus erythematosus;
- Lichen planus;
- Lichen monoliformis;
- Xerosis;
- Lentigo;
- Leprosy;
- Livedoadenitis;
- Lymphatoid papulosis;
- Fusk line (Andersen-Verno-Hackstausen syndrome);
- Necrobiosis lipoidica of the skin;
- Lichen is shiny and linear;
- Lichen atrophic;
- Melanoma;
- Erythema migrans of Afzelius-Lipschutz;
- Mycoses (trichopytosis, microsporia, candidiasis of the skin, etc.);
- Calluses and calluses;
- Coin eczema;
- Skin mucinosis;
- Pigmentation incontinence (Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome);
- Neurofibromatosis (Recklinghausen's disease);
- Burns;
- Frostbite;
- Gottron's papules;
- Parapsoriasis;
- Paronychia;
- Pilonidal cyst;
- Flaming nevus;
- Pigmented chronic purpura;
- Pyoderma (streptoderma or staphyloderma);
- Pityriasis white and pink;
- Pemphigoid;
- Perioral dermatitis;
- Pint;
- Poikiloderma Siwatt;
- Polymorphic light rash;
- Polymorphic dermal angiitis;
- Miliaria deep, crystalline, red;
- Pruritus;
- Acquired keratosis pilaris;
- Transient acantholytic dermatosis;
- Lichen simplex chronicus;
- Psoriasis;
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever;
- Pemphigus;
- Skin cancer is squamous cell;
- Reticulosis;
- Rhinophyma;
- Rosacea;
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome;
- Scleroderma;
- Sclerema and scleredema;
- Sunburn;
- Senile skin atrophy;
- Subcorneal pustular dermatitis;
- Toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome);
- Lupus;
- Acne;
- Phlegmon;
- Phototoxic drug reaction;
- Photodermatosis;
- Yaws;
- Boils;
- Cheilitis;
- Chloasma;
- Scabies;
- Elastosis;
- Eczema;
- Wells eosinophilic cellulitis;
- Erythema toxic, nodular, marginal, ring-shaped centrifugal, patterned, burn, septic, multiform bullous and non-bullous;
- Erythematous diaper rash;
- Erythrasma;
- Erythrosis (Lane's disease);
- Buruli ulcer.
This list contains the official names of skin diseases as they are designated in the international classification of diseases (ICD-10). Next to some of the official names, others are listed in parentheses that were historically accepted and are still in use today.
Since there are quite a few skin diseases, and they differ in the causes of their occurrence, in the characteristics of their course, as well as in the type of pathological process that has a predominant influence in the development of clinical manifestations, they are divided into several large groups. Groups of skin diseases can be conditionally called types, since they are distinguished based on simultaneously three very important signs - the nature of the causative factor, the type of pathological process and the leading clinical symptom.
lichen simplex
This photo shows ichthyosis
hives
This photograph shows molluscum contagiosum
This photo shows pemphigus (pemphigus)
This photo shows psoriasis
This photo shows eczema
Facial skin diseases - photo
This photo shows acne (on the left - closed comedones, on the right - open comedones)
This photo shows cystic acne
This photo shows milia
This photo shows perioral dermatitis (pockets of red, inflamed skin in the mouth and near the sides of the nose).
This photo shows rosacea
Fungal skin diseases - photo
This photo shows cutaneous candidiasis (candidal diaper rash)
This photo shows coccidioidomycosis
This photo shows pityriasis versicolor
This photo shows mycosis of the skin
Scalp diseases - photo
This photo shows mycosis capitis
This photograph shows discoid lupus erythematosus
This photo shows alopecia areata
Causes of skin diseases
Since skin diseases are a heterogeneous group of pathologies, united only by the fact that they all affect the skin, it is impossible to identify common causes for them. After all, each type of skin disease has its own causes and characteristics of the development mechanism. Therefore, exact causative factors can only be given for each specific skin disease. And for the entire class of skin diseases, it is possible to identify only certain common factors that can play the role of causes of the development of pathologies.The first and main causative factor Skin diseases are the inability of the liver, kidneys, intestines, spleen and lymphatic system to completely remove all toxic substances present in the body. Toxic substances can be produced in the body during life, or can come from outside in the form of medicines, vegetables and fruits treated with pesticides, herbicides, etc. If the liver and spleen do not have time to neutralize these toxic substances, and the intestines, lymphatic system and kidneys do not remove them, then they begin to be removed from the body through the skin. And this becomes the cause of the development of many skin diseases, such as dermatitis, dermatoses, psoriasis, eczema, etc.
Second A very important causative factor of skin diseases are allergic reactions and irritation of the skin by chemicals, physical objects and other things present in the environment (bright sun, wind, low or high temperature, etc.).
The third most important causative factor skin diseases are infections. Moreover, we are talking not only about infections of the skin itself, which develop when various pathogenic microorganisms, such as fungi, bacteria, viruses and others, come into contact with the skin, but also about infectious diseases of internal organs, for example, hepatitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, etc. . In the presence of an infectious focus in the body, the excretory organs (kidneys, intestines, liver and lymphatic system) do not have time to neutralize and remove toxic substances formed in large quantities, as a result of which they begin to be excreted through the skin, provoking the development of its diseases.
The fourth most important causative factor skin diseases are “internal allergens”, which are substances of protein nature produced by worms or opportunistic microorganisms, for example, staphylococci, streptococci, fungi of the genus Candida and others. These protein molecules are constantly present in the body and are a source of continuous irritation and stimulation of the immune system, which can be clinically expressed in provoking skin diseases in the form of rashes, blisters, etc.
Fifth most important causal factors skin diseases are intestinal dysbiosis and stress.
Skin diseases - symptoms (signs)
Symptoms of skin diseases are very diverse, but they are all united by a common feature - the presence of any change in the structure of the skin. These changes in skin structure can be represented by the following elements:- tubercles;
- Vegetation;
- blisters;
- Lichenification;
- Papules (nodules);
- Petechiae;
- Bubbles;
- Bubbles;
- Pustules (pustules);
- spots;
- The spots are hypermelanotic or hypomelanotic;
- Telangiectasia;
- Cracks;
- Knot;
- Scales;
- Erosion;
- Excoriation;
- Ecchymoses;
Tubercle is a dense round formation that rises above the skin and does not have a cavity inside. The color, density and size of the tubercle may vary. In addition, closely spaced tubercles merge with each other, forming an infiltrate. After completion of the inflammatory process, an ulcer or scar is formed at the site of the tubercle. This is what distinguishes a tubercle from a papule. The tubercles are characteristic of tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, leprosy, late stages of syphilis, chromomycosis.
Vegetation represent a thickening of the skin that occurs in the area of papules and ulcers due to a long course of a chronic inflammatory process. Vegetations erode, bleed, and purulent infections can develop in them.
Blister It is a round or oval formation rising above the surface of the skin. The blisters are pink or white with a pink border. The size of the blister can vary from a few millimeters to centimeters in diameter. Blisters are typical for burns, insect bites, allergic reactions to medications, as well as bullous diseases (pemphigus, pemphigoid, etc.).
Lichenification represent growths of the deep layer of the epidermis and an increase in the number of processes of epithelial cells. Externally, lichenifications look like areas of dry, thickened skin with a changed pattern, covered with scales. Lichenification is characteristic of sunburn, scratching and chronic inflammatory processes.
Papule (nodule) It is a raised dense formation from a changed area of skin, inside of which there is no cavity. Papules are formed when metabolic products are deposited in the dermis or when the size of the cells that form the skin structures increases. The shape of papules can be different - round, hemispherical, polygonal, flat, pointed. The color of the nodules also varies depending on the process by which they were formed, for example, pink-red with inflammation in the dermis, brown with an increase in the size of melanocytes, white-yellow with xanthoma, etc.
Pink-red papules are characteristic of skin infections such as leprosy and tuberculosis. White-yellow papules are characteristic of xanthoma, pale pink - for secondary syphilis. Red papules in psoriasis and mycosis fungoides merge with each other, forming a plaque.
Petechiae and ecchymoses are spots on the skin of various shapes and sizes, which at the initial stages are colored red, but gradually change color to blue, and then successively to green and yellow. Spots less than 1 cm in diameter are called petechiae, and larger ones are called ecchymoses.
Bubble It is a small round formation with a diameter of no more than 5 mm, rising above the skin and filled with liquid contents (bloody or serous). As a rule, blisters form in large numbers in a limited area of the skin, forming clusters. If the bubble dries out, then a crust forms in its place, and if it opens, then erosion. Blisters are characteristic of all types of herpes, smallpox, enterovirus infection, erysipiloid and fungal foot infection.
Bubble represents the detachment of the upper layer of skin without violating its integrity and the formation of a kind of inflated bag. There is liquid inside the bubble. These elements are characteristic of pemphigus, pemphigoid, burns, erythema multiforme.
Pustule (pustule) It is a round, small (no more than 5 mm) formation that rises above the skin and is filled with white, green or yellow-green pus. Pustules can form from vesicles and blisters, and are also characteristic of pyoderma.
Spot represents a change in skin color with preserved structure in a limited round area. That is, the skin pattern of the spot remains normal, but only its color changes. If the blood vessels in the area of the spot are dilated, then it is pink or bright red. If there are venous vessels in the area of the spot, then it is colored dark red. Multiple small red spots no more than 2 cm in diameter are called roseola, and the same, but larger spots are called erythema. Roseola spots are characteristic of infectious diseases (measles, rubella, typhoid fever, etc.) or allergic reactions. Erythema is characteristic of burns or erysipelas.
Hypermelanotic and hypomelanotic spots They are areas of skin of various shapes and sizes, colored either dark or almost discolored. Hypermelanotic spots are dark in color. Moreover, if the pigment is in the epidermis, then the spots are brown, and if in the dermis, then they are gray-blue. Hypomelanotic spots are areas of skin with a light color, sometimes completely white.
Telangiectasia are red or bluish areas of skin with spider veins. Telangiectasia can be represented by single visible dilated vessels or their clusters. Most often, such elements develop with dermatomyositis, psoriasis, systemic scleroderma, discoid or systemic lupus erythematosus, and urticaria.
Crack is a linear tear in the skin that occurs against the background of dryness and decreased elasticity of the epidermis. Cracks are characteristic of inflammatory processes.
Knot is a dense, large formation up to 5–10 cm in diameter, rising above the surface of the skin. Nodes are formed during inflammatory processes in the skin, therefore they are colored red or pink-red. After the disease resolves, the nodes may calcify, form ulcers or scars. Nodes are characteristic of erythema nodosum, syphilis and tuberculosis.
Scales are rejected horny plates of the epidermis. The scales can be small or large and are characteristic of ichthyosis, parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, psoriasis and dermatophytosis (fungal skin infection).
Erosion represents a violation of the integrity of the epidermis and, as a rule, appears at the site of a opened bladder, vesicle or abscess, and can also form when blood flow is disrupted or compression of the blood and lymphatic vessels of the skin. Erosion looks like a weeping, damp surface, painted pink-red.
Other variants of allergic skin diseases are single reactions of the immune system to any allergen, for example, urticaria, toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme, purpura, etc. These allergic diseases are not prone to a long-term chronic course, with alternating exacerbations and remissions. They are characterized by a sharp and violent onset followed by a gradual fading of the severity of the reaction and, accordingly, recovery.
Viral skin diseases
Viral skin diseases are essentially a type of infectious disease, as they are caused by various viruses. The most common viral skin diseases are various types of herpes, molluscum contagiosum and warts. These infections tend to have a long-term chronic course and never go away without special treatment. Therapy for warts consists of their removal, for molluscum contagiosum - in taking antiviral drugs, and for herpes - in the external application of ointments and other means that alleviate the period of exacerbation.Inflammatory skin diseases
Inflammatory skin diseases are a fairly large group of pathologies, the leading characteristic of which is an inflammatory process of varying nature and intensity. In fact, all skin diseases are inflammatory with the exception of tumors, dermatoses, pigmentation disorders and atrophic-dystrophic processes.Children and newborns are most susceptible to infectious and allergic skin diseases, so they most often suffer from ringworm, erythema, impetigo, warts, herpes, urticaria and contact dermatitis. Also, children are characterized by skin irritation reactions that occur in the form of rashes, itching and redness of individual areas or the entire skin. Other skin diseases rarely develop in children under 5–7 years of age, and upon reaching this age, children become susceptible to the same skin pathologies as adults.
Treatment of skin diseases
Treatment of skin diseases is carried out in several stages, since in addition to eliminating the causative factor and stopping the inflammatory or atrophic process, it is necessary to achieve complete regeneration of the affected areas so that they can continue to perform their functions normally. At the second stage, various agents are used to reduce the severity of the inflammatory process on the skin. For this purpose, ointments, creams, special cosmetics and cleansers, etc. are used. The selection of products should always be made individually based on the condition, sensitivity and reaction of the skin.
At the same time, to improve metabolism, blood flow and lymph flow in the skin, accelerate its regeneration and suppress the pathological process, methods of herbal medicine, homeopathy and physiotherapy are used. The most effective and popular are ultraviolet blood irradiation, cryotherapy, masks and wraps.
In parallel with the treatment of skin diseases, it is necessary to use means to eliminate intestinal dysbiosis, as well as to improve the elimination of toxic substances through the kidneys, intestines and lymphatic system. In the treatment of a wide variety of skin diseases from common allergic rashes to psoriasis, the use of enterosorbents (Polyphepan, Polysorb, Enterosgel, etc.) is very effective, which should be taken in courses of 2–3 weeks.
Treatment of fungal skin diseases
Treatment of fungal skin diseases is carried out using antifungal drugs, which should be simultaneously taken orally and applied externally to the affected areas. The choice of antifungal drug, its dosage and duration of use are determined by the type of fungal infection and its localization. For example, for an infection of the scalp or nails, antifungal medications will have to be taken longer and in higher dosages than for a fungal infection of smooth skin.It is impossible to treat fungal diseases only with external means, since this is ineffective and in 100% of cases, some time after completion of the course of therapy, when everything seems to be fine, a relapse will occur. The fact is that external agents are not able to destroy fungal spores located in the deep layers of the skin, since they cannot penetrate them. And for a complete cure, it is imperative to destroy these spores, since otherwise they will definitely become active and cause a relapse of the fungal skin infection. It is to destroy spores in the deep layers of the skin that you need to take antifungal drugs orally.
