Panteleeva G.P., Tsutsulkovskaya M.Ya. ‹‹Affective and schizoaffective psychoses
T.I.Kadina
Moscow, Russia
Affective disorders are the most common psychopathological disorders encountered in the practice of outpatient forensic psychiatric examination. They are observed both in people with mental abnormalities and in healthy individuals, as a reaction to a committed tort, forced isolation, and judicial investigative actions. The degree of severity of affective disorders depending on the nosological affiliation is presented wide range disorders from neurotic to psychotic. IN equally depressive states different structures and duration can be observed in all participants in a criminal situation - accused, victims and witnesses. Previous studies have carefully examined and analyzed a variety of clinical manifestations these conditions have been described clinical options depressions observed in these cases and their dynamics, an assessment of the role of affective disorders in solving expert issues was determined. Special attention focused on studying the most dangerous outcomes depressive disorders, various manifestations of suicidal behavior. However, despite many studies, it remains quite difficult, especially when conducting outpatient forensic psychiatric examinations, to diagnose affective disorders and identify the causes of the emergence and dynamics of auto-aggressive behavior in persons who have committed incomplete, completed and extended suicidal acts. Held in last years Research at the V.P. Serbsky Center somewhat clarified the features of the dynamics of affective states leading to the commission of suicidal acts and gave a certain picture of the interaction between the individual and the situation in subjectively difficult situations. However, in the practice of outpatient forensic psychiatric examination there remains a lot complex problems when conducting examinations on the fact of death or examination of victims who committed suicidal acts in a criminal and post-criminal situation.
Clinical and psychopathological analysis of the materials of criminal cases initiated on the basis of death revealed the presence of all adolescents who committed auto-aggressive actions in conditions military service, Clinical signs neurotic level depression. The study found that soon after being drafted into the army, each of these individuals showed signs of situationally caused disorganization mental activity, which at first generally did not go beyond the usual reaction of adaptation to new living conditions and did not cause concern among others. However, quite quickly they were joined by depressive disorders in the form of low mood, desire for loneliness, mental and then motor retardation. Gradually, over a short period of time (two to three weeks), other signs appeared, indicating a worsening of depressive disorders, and performance decreased noticeably. In some cases, depression was masked and was represented by complaints of unpleasant sensations in the various parts bodies, lower limbs, head, stomach. The increase in depressive disorders occurred much faster in cases where, along with difficulties in adapting to new conditions, there were extra-statutory relationships with humiliation of honor and dignity, extra work, physical abuse, which led to asthenization of young men. In some cases, suicidal intentions appeared from the first days of depression as the only way out of the current situation. In others, they arose suddenly at the height of depressive experiences, most often in response to the action of new, additional traumatic factors. In cases where depressive experiences were accompanied from the very beginning by suicidal thoughts and statements, elements of agitation were observed in the behavior of the victims with complex actions to access firearms and “test” shots. In those cases where experimental psychological research was carried out, attention was drawn to the commonality of premorbid characteristics of all these young men. All of them were distinguished by isolation, did not know how to stand up for themselves, got lost in unusual situations, were characterized as weak-willed, lack of initiative, disorganized, dependent, inclined to avoid conflict situations.
In another part of the material, the study of data from outpatient psychological and psychiatric examinations of victims, victims of sexual or other violence, made it possible to establish that violent actions, combined with humiliation of honor and dignity, led to the emergence of an acute depressive reaction in them with elements of psychomotor agitation, affective disorganization of mental activity and contributed to the decision to commit suicide. The results of a psychological examination of the victims revealed that they had common personal characteristics. All of them were distinguished by selectivity and limited social contacts, difficulties in intellectually processing emerging conflict situations, a tendency to mood swings and fixation on negatively colored emotional experiences. They were characterized by categorical assessments and judgments, idealization of interpersonal relationships, a stable orientation in behavior towards social and ethical norms with the expectation of a positive response from others, high sensitivity To external assessments your behavior.
Thus, a clinical and psychological analysis of mentally healthy individuals who committed completed and incomplete suicidal acts made it possible to identify certain personal characteristics from the circle of inhibited people, which, in combination with depressive disorders of a neurotic level that arose under the influence of a psychogenically traumatic situation, led to the emergence of a psychological crisis with disorganization of mental activity, difficulty in intellectually processing the situation, insufficient control over one’s actions, a decrease in prognostic functions and the appearance of depressive ideas of insignificance, low value, insolvency, suicidal thoughts, which limited their ability to realize the actual nature of their actions and manage them and led to the commission of suicidal acts.
These patients were characterized by the presence of a depressive episode that developed in the period directly related to the time of the conclusion of the transaction. In all cases, a depressive episode of mild and medium degree. It is characteristic that not a single patient had a severe depressive episode, since severe ideational and motor retardation blocked the patient’s ability to engage in socially active activities.
The development of depression was caused by the influence of a combination of chronic and acute psychogenic factors. Of the chronic stress factors, the most typical were financial difficulties, decreased living standards, conflictual relationships in one's family and with relatives, and loneliness. The conclusion of the transaction was immediately preceded by acute psychogenic factors, such as the death of relatives, including spouses and children; conflicts with relatives due to their unlawful and illegal behavior; a suddenly developed serious illness that dramatically changes the social functioning and financial situation of the patient, as well as debts and threats in connection with this, divorce. Assessment of the content of psychogenic factors, their significance and the nature of their influence on the level of social activities persons, psychopathological disorders, critical and prognostic functions were of great expert importance.
The issuance of an expert opinion presented significant difficulties, including because the depressive disorder was transient; by the time of the examination, psychopathological disorders could be completely relieved. At the same time, the data from an in-person examination and self-report on the mental state during the period of the transaction were of particular importance in this group of patients, since by the time of the examination their mental state had improved and criticism had formed towards transferred condition and the circumstances of the transaction.
Patients with different types of expert opinions had significantly different levels of social functioning. Among the patients with an expert opinion on inability to transact, the majority were people who had lost their jobs by the time the transaction was concluded and had no means of subsistence. While those recognized as capable of transactions had a high level of well-being, the development of a mental disorder did not reduce their ability to perform professional activities.
Thus, in the group of patients recognized as capable of transactions, there was a stable, generally high level of social functioning in all areas of activity - labor, family, as well as the preservation of interpersonal relationships. Psychogenic influences, including severe ones, did not radically affect changes in the level of social functioning and the fulfillment of a social role.
In this case, all patients were diagnosed with a depressive episode mild degree. IN clinical picture depressed mood with dissatisfaction prevailed own life, health, fixation on negative experiences, hypochondriasis, increased irritability, a tendency towards externally blaming tendencies. Critical Assessment its condition was incomplete, it was regarded not as painful, but as having developed as a result of unfavorable circumstances, including the fault of doctors, and was often accompanied by a refusal to traditional methods treatment. Prognostic functions were also slightly reduced, primarily in relation to their somatic and mental state, which, however, did not affect the nature of interpersonal relationships and the assessment of the planned consequences of the transaction. Psychopathological experiences of the depressive spectrum noted in patients with a certain reduction predictive functions and an incomplete critical assessment of one’s condition were not reflected in the activity of concluding a transaction, which was associated with real circumstances, the nature of the actions was conscious, the disposal of property could be the only way out from difficult situation, i.e. activity to conclude a deal was determined by an active search for a way out of an unfavorable situation. Transactions in the vast majority of cases were concluded with relatives or with government and commercial institutions (obtaining a loan, collateral). The initiation of a civil case in this case was due to changed circumstances and emerging opportunities to more profitably dispose of one’s property.
In patients recognized as incompetent, depression developed against the background of a combination of acute and chronic stress factors. The influence of psychogenic factors led to a sharp change social status patients with impaired contact with people from their immediate environment. It was noted a sharp decline level of social functioning, patients stopped labor activity, interpersonal social adaptation was disrupted, which, in turn, increased chronic exposure a combination of psychogenic factors and, accordingly, the susceptibility of patients to acute stress factors. Many patients were unmarried, and loneliness was a chronic traumatic factor that aggravated the feeling of hopelessness. In all cases, the conclusion of a deal was immediately preceded by acute severe psychogenia.
All patients were diagnosed with a moderate depressive episode with a predominance of melancholy affect, delusional and overvalued ideas of self-blame and self-abasement, some ideational and motor retardation, and suicidal statements and suicidal acts were characteristic. In all cases, the transactions turned out to be unprofitable, led to the loss of one’s own property and the property of loved ones, and were often gratuitous or of the nature of refusal, in particular refusal to participate in privatization, shares in inheritance, refusal to register.
The conclusion of a deal in this case was directly determined by psychopathological experiences; the motivation for the deal was pathological, interconnected with depressive affect. The purpose of the transaction, including at the stage of formation of intention, was determined by such psychopathological disorders as a pessimistic forecast of the future, ideas of self-accusation and self-deprecation, an affect of melancholy and hopelessness. The regulation of conduct when concluding a transaction was violated due to distorted pessimistic perception surrounding reality, loss of interest in what is happening, a decrease in the motivating power of motives. In this regard, the patients did not control the implementation of the transaction, did not take part in the various stages of its conclusion, and were not able to evaluate the actions of the persons with whom they entered into transactions.
Impaired awareness of the legal and social essence of the transaction was also caused by cognitive impairments associated with ideational inhibition, decreased productivity of thinking and attention, and impaired assimilation and comprehension of information. The leading cognitive disorders in depression included not only disturbances in attention, memory, and speed of psychomotor reactions, but also disturbances in “executive functions,” i.e. functions that carry out interconnection and coordination various manifestations mental activity.
The expert opinion also took into account memory impairments that developed in the structure of melancholy depression, associated with simplification, impoverishment of the processes of mental activity and manifested by a decrease in efficiency and motive for memorization, and inertia of the memorization strategy. Impaired memory and attention with difficulty concentrating, combined with a decrease in productivity and goal-directed thinking, also led to the fact that patients could not regulate their own behavior when concluding a deal, or realize their role in the current situation.
The most important factor in making expert solution about non-dealability – violation of prognostic functions. In most observations, pronounced violations of the prognosis were revealed, due to a gloomy, pessimistic perception of the future, and loss of the meaning of life. The critical assessment of the situation related to the conclusion of the deal was reduced. With a formal understanding of the fact of concluding a transaction and the realization that an extremely unprofitable transaction was being made, patients were primarily not able to adequately assess its consequences. Thus, in this case, both the intellectual and volitional components of the legal criterion of inability to negotiate were violated; the expert decision could be based on both cognitive and emotional-volitional disorders.
Depression is not just temporary episodes of depression that affect everyone. It's a disease. Depression is a mental illness that is characterized by a persistent decrease in mood (longer than two weeks), loss of interest in life, deterioration of attention and memory, and motor retardation. Required item treatment - psychotherapy. The prognosis, if you follow the doctor’s recommendations and follow-up with a psychotherapist until the symptoms disappear completely, is favorable.
Recurrent depressive disorder
The disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of low mood, decreased thinking and motor activity. There are periods between episodes of depression full health(intermissions). Taking supportive care helps to prolong intermission as much as possible and prevent re-exacerbation of the disease. drug therapy and individual psychotherapy.
Bipolar affective disorder
Bipolar affective disorder (also known as bipolar depressive disorder, manic depression, manic depression) is a disease with repeated episodes of depression, (hypo)mania, mixed phases (at the junction of mania and depression) with possible pauses between them (intermissions).
Cyclothymia
Cyclothymia - alternating ups and downs of mood and physical activity. Mood changes every few days or weeks, which affects a person's decisions, productivity and communication with others. Cyclothymia may be a precursor to bipolar affective disorder and other mental illness.
Dysthymia
Dysthymia is long-term “mild” depression. A person is constantly, practically without bright intervals, depressed, pessimistic, deprived vital energy and enthusiasm. The disease may progress to bipolar affective disorder. Treatment is psychotherapy, additionally medications (antidepressants, mood stabilizers).
Hypomania
Hypomania is a disease from the group of affective disorders that is mild, erased form mania. Hypomania is characterized by elevated mood, often combined with irritability. The mood is elevated more than is usually typical for the individual; it is subjectively felt as a state of inspiration, a surge of strength, “bubbling energy.”
Mania
Among affective disorders, there is a group of diseases characteristic feature which is an emotional upsurge. These are manic spectrum disorders. Unlike depressive disorders, in which the mood is significantly reduced and the person loses interest in life, manic disorders, on the contrary, are characterized by a feeling of a surge of strength, fullness of life, high level activity.
Modern psychiatrists call psychogenic depression acute and long-term reactions of a healthy psyche to extreme negative events in an area that is emotionally significant for a particular person. She is also called " reactive depression”, emphasizing that this depression is a pathological reaction to tragedy.
Chronic depression is persistent depression lasting two or more years (one year in children), during which the patient shows signs of depression, but in a relatively weaker form. More often chronic depression occurs in women, because men can live up to two or more years in a state of permanent depression without obvious external manifestations, and in women, due to constitutional characteristics, they are immediately visible.
Masked or hidden depression- this is a depression in which a variety of somatic, bodily complaints (masks) come to the fore - from itching and pain in the sternum to headaches and constipation - and symptoms characteristic of depression (decreased motor and mental activity, painful negative experiences up to suicide, anhedonia) either recede into the background or third plan, or do not appear outwardly at all.
The causes of endogenous depression, which, being genetically predisposed, lie not in external stress or a traumatic environment, but within the person himself: in the genetics of the individual and family heredity, which determines disturbances in the exchange of neurotransmitters, personal factors(excessive correctness, pedantry, accuracy and sacrifice, along with difficulty in expressing and defending one’s opinion).
Seasonal affective disorder is a type of endogenous depression, a condition not directly related to external stressors or causes. Often appears at the same time of year. An exacerbation of the disease occurs in the autumn-winter (less often spring) period.
Stress is a strong traumatic event or chronic negative impact- creates depression, symptoms of depression (depressed mood, fatigue, difficulty working) aggravate the situation. You can get out of the pathological vicious circle with the help of a psychotherapist.
FSBEI HPE "Tver State University" Faculty of Psychology and social work Department of Labor Psychology, Organizational and Clinical Psychology Approved by: Dean of the Faculty of Psychology and Social Work __________ T.A. Zhalagina "21" November 2013 Work program of the discipline Diagnostics and examination of affective disorders 030401 "Clinical psychology" Profile of training - specialization "Pathopsychological diagnosis and psychotherapy" Qualification (degree) "specialist" Form of training Full-time Discussed at a meeting of the department of occupational psychology, organizational and clinical psychology November 19, 2013 Protocol No. 3 Compiled by: Ph.D. T.M. Vasilyeva ______________________ Head. department____________ Tver 2013 Abstract The discipline “Diagnostics and examination of affective disorders” belongs to the basic part of the professional cycle. Contains practical tasks, exercises for independent work, list of recommended basic and additional literature for studying the course, recommendations for implementation practical classes. To successfully master the discipline “Diagnostics and Examination of Affective Disorders” it is necessary: To have an idea of the work of an expert psychologist and forensic psychiatrist, of the mechanisms of action of psychodiagnostic techniques used in pathopsychological experiments; Know the basics of legal psychology and personality psychology, pathopsychology and psychiatry, as well as developmental psychology and developmental psychology. The total labor intensity of the discipline is 4 credit units (144 hours). The purpose of studying the discipline is to develop the following competencies: 1. General cultural competencies (GC). Ability and willingness to: - apply basic mathematical and statistical methods, standard statistical packages for processing data obtained from solving various professional tasks(OK-5); - carrying out bibliographic and information retrieval work with the subsequent use of data in solving professional problems and registration scientific articles, reports, conclusions (OK -12); - use of regulatory legal documents in its activities (OK-15); 2. Professional competencies(PC). Practical activities: ability and readiness to: - possess the skills of planning a psychodiagnostic study, taking into account nosological, syndromic, socio-demographic, cultural and individual psychological characteristics, the ability to form a complex of psychodiagnostic methods adequate to the purposes of the study, determine the sequence (program) of their application (PC-6 ); - independently conduct psychodiagnostic research in accordance with research objectives and ethical and deontological norms, process and analyze the data obtained (including using information technologies), interpret the study results (PC-7); - create methodological complexes, adequate to the tasks of expert research (PC-15); - competently conduct psychological research within the framework of various types of psychological examination (forensic psychological, psychological-linguistic, military-medical-psychological-social), analyze its results, formulate an expert opinion adequate to the tasks of the examination and the user’s request (PC-16); 3. Professionally specialized competencies (PSC): ability and readiness to: - master theoretical foundations and the principles of pathopsychological syndromic analysis of mental activity and personality disorders in various mental illnesses (PSK – 3.1); - mastery of the theory and methodology of conducting psychological examinations, taking into account their subject specificity (PSK-3.4); - independently conducting psychological examinations and drawing up conclusions in accordance with the objectives of the examination and regulatory documents (PSK-3.5); - ability and readiness to independently conduct psychological examinations and draw up conclusions in accordance with the objectives of the examination and regulatory documents (PSK-3.6); As a result of studying the discipline, students should: know: -theoretical foundations and principles of pathopsychological analysis of mental activity and personality disorders in various mental illnesses; -psychological phenomenology of personality disorders and mental processes, quality and degree of their reduction; -theory and methodology of production forensic examinations with the participation of a psychologist, taking into account the specifics of subject types of examinations in criminal and civil proceedings; be able to: - independently conduct forensic psychological expert research and draw up an expert opinion in accordance with regulatory documents; - interact with security specialists mental health, forensic psychological experts, with law enforcement officials and court participants; own: -methodology of pathopsychological syndromic knowledge about the patterns of normal development and analysis based on the functioning of mental processes and personality; -methods of pathopsychological assessment of conditions, mental activity and personality to solve applied problems: differential diagnostic, expert, psychoprophylactic, rehabilitation and psychotherapeutic; In the process of mastering the discipline, the following are used: educational technologies, ways and methods of developing competencies: problem-based lecture, facilitated discussion, small group method, exercises, analysis specific situations, preparation of written analytical works, thematic reports. A significant part of the classes takes place in the classroom on the basis of the State Educational Institution OKPND; classes are provided in the lecture hall of the State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Tver State University". Training program. Introduction Section 1. General issues in diagnosing affective disorders. 1.1 general characteristics of patients with affective disorders in general medical practice. Prevalence of affective disorders among the population of the Russian Federation. Difficulties in identifying and difficulties in organizing treatment for affective disorders. Differential diagnosis affective and non-affective mental disorders. 1.2 Clinical characteristics mania and depression. Specifics of mania and depression, their distinctive features And diagnostic signs. Types and types of depressive disorders. Psychological techniques for diagnosing depression. Section 2. Diagnosis of affective disorders in mental abnormalities. 2.1 Diagnosis of affective disorders in neuroses. Diagnosis of neurotic conditions. Types of neuroses. Differential diagnosis of neuroses and similar depressions. 2.2 Diagnosis of affective psychoorganic disorders. Features of affective disorders in organic damage brain and central nervous system. Differential diagnosis of affective psychoorganic disorders and psychopathy. Affective disorders for epilepsy. Assessment of the severity of affective psychoorganic disorders. 2.3 Diagnosis of affective disorders comorbid with psychopathy. Specificity of affective disorders in psychopathy. Assessment of the severity of affective disorders in personality disorders. 2.4 Diagnosis of affective disorders in schizophrenia and the problem of its early recognition. Specific affect disorders in schizophrenia. Differential diagnostic issues in recognizing schizophrenia. Psychologist's Toolkit. 2.5 Affective disorders in cyclothymia and periodic asthenia R. Benon. The concept of “phase states”. Signs of phase states. Diagnostic criteria phase states in cyclothymia. Differential diagnosis of cyclothymia and periodic asthenia of Benon. 2.6 Affective disorders in endoreactive dysthymia and schizoaffective psychosis. 2.7 Diagnosis of affective disorders in drug addiction and alcoholism. Features of the emotional-volitional sphere of persons suffering from alcoholism and drug addiction. Section 3. Diagnosis of affective disorders in somatic diseases and other adverse exogenous influences. 3. 1 Somatized and somatogenic affective disorders. Differential diagnosis. Peculiarities of behavior of the patient and the psychologist. 3. 2 Diagnosis of affective disorders in diseases of the cardiovascular system. Affective disorders characteristic of persons with cardiovascular diseases. Features of affective disorders in surgical intervention on the heart. 3. 3 Diagnosis of affective disorders in endocrine diseases. Psychological characteristics patients with chronic endocrine diseases. Features of affective disorders in endocrine diseases. 3. 4 Diagnosis of affective disorders in dermatological pathology. Psychological characteristics of patients with dermatological pathology. Types of affective disorders in endocrine diseases. 3. 5 Diagnosis of affective disorders associated with the reproductive cycle of women. Types of affective disorders associated with a woman's reproductive cycle. Features of diagnostics. 3. 6 Affective disorders late age. Specific affective disorders of elderly people. Difficulties in conducting examinations for elderly people. 3. 7 Diagnosis of affective disorders induced medicines. Study of medical documentation. 3. 8 Affective disorders and suicidal behavior. Determination of the type of suicidal behavior. Studying psychological reasons and consequences of suicidal behavior. Relapses of suicidal behavior. 3. 9 Post-stress affective disorders. The concept of post-stress disorder. Types of post-stress disorders, their main features. Specifics of constructing an experimental psychological study for the diagnosis of post-stress affective disorders. Section 4. Specifics of diagnosing affective disorders within the framework of a comprehensive forensic psychological and psychiatric examination. 4.1 Relationship between socially dangerous acts and affective disorders. The most common mental disorders in persons who have committed OOD. Mental disorders, in which the risk of committing OOD is especially pronounced. 4.2 Specifics of experimental psychological research of persons with affective disorders in expert practice. Expert behavior during experimental psychological research of persons with affective disorders. Research methods emotional sphere sub-experts. 4.3 Forensic psychological examination of affect. Types of affect, the limits of a psychologist’s competence in assessing affect. Criteria of affect. Difficulties in assessing affect. Working curriculum Name of sections and topics Total Classroom Independent Lectures Practical work 6 2 Introduction 1. General issues in diagnosing affective disorders. 1.1 General characteristics of the population of patients with affective disorders in general medical practice. 1.2 Clinical characteristics of mania and depression. 2. Diagnosis of affective disorders in mental abnormalities. 2.1 Diagnosis of affective disorders in neuroses. 2.2 Diagnosis of affective disorders comorbid with psychopathy. 2.3 Diagnosis of affective psychoorganic disorders. 2.4 Diagnosis of affective disorders in schizophrenia and the problem of its early recognition 2.5 Affective disorders in cyclothymia and periodic asthenia R. Benon. 2.6 Affective disorders in endoreactive dysthymia and schizoaffective psychosis. 2.7 Diagnosis of affective disorders in drug addiction and alcoholism. 3. Diagnosis of affective disorders in somatic diseases and other adverse exogenous influences. 6 10 2 6 4 2 4 2 6 2 4 14 2 2 4 10 2 2 6 6 2 2 2 8 2 2 4 10 2 2 6 3.1 Somatization and somatogenic affective disorders. 2 3.2 Diagnosis of affective disorders 6 in diseases of the cardiovascular system 2 4 3.3 Diagnosis of affective disorders in endocrine diseases. 3.1 Diagnosis of affective disorders in dermatological pathology. 3.2 Diagnosis of affective disorders associated with the reproductive cycle of women. 3.3 Affective disorders of late age. 3.4 Diagnosis of drug-induced affective disorders. 3.5 Affective disorders and suicidal behavior. 4 2 2 4 2 2 6 2 4 2 6 2 3.6 Post-stress affective disorders 4. Specifics of diagnosing affective disorders within the framework of a comprehensive forensic psychological and psychiatric examination. 4.1 Relationship between socially dangerous acts and affective disorders. 4.2 Specifics of experimental psychological research of persons with affective disorders in expert practice. 4.3 Forensic psychological examination of affect. TOTAL 6 2 6 2 10 4 2 4 8 2 2 4 26 80 2 6 2 4 2 2 2 144 4 2 2 4 38 Competency matrix. Name of topics Formed competencies O K -5 Introduction 1. General issues of diagnosing affective disorders. O K 1 2 O K 1 5 P K -6 P K -7 PK -15 PK -16 P S K 3. 1 P S K 3. 4 USED S TECHNOLOGIES, METHODS AND METHOD3 3 Todas. 5 . 6 1.1 General characteristics of the population of patients with affective disorders in general medical practice. 1.2 Clinical characteristics of mania and depression. X X X X X X X X X 2.2 Diagnosis of affective disorders comorbid with psychopathy. X X X X X 2.3 Diagnosis of affective psychoorganic disorders. Х Х Х Х Х 2.4 Diagnosis of affective disorders in schizophrenia and the problem of its early recognition Х Х Х Х Х 2.5 Affective disorders in cyclothymia and periodic asthenia R. Benon. X X X X X 2.6 Affective disorders in endoreactive dysthymia and schizoaffective psychosis. X X X X X 2. Diagnosis of affective disorders in mental abnormalities. 2.1 Diagnosis of affective disorders in neuroses. Lectureconsultation Traditional lecture, facilitative discussion X Problem lecture, thematic reports by students Problem lecture, analysis of specific cases Exercises, thematic reports, analysis of specific cases Lecture with planned errors, analysis of specific cases Traditional lecture, facilitated discussion Problem lecture 2.7 Diagnosis of affective disorders in drug addiction and alcoholism . 3. Diagnosis of affective disorders in somatic diseases and other adverse exogenous influences. 3.1 Somatized and somatogenic affective disorders. X X X X X X X X 3.2 Diagnosis of affective disorders in diseases of the cardiovascular system. X X X X 3.3 Diagnosis of affective disorders in endocrine diseases. X X X X 3.4 Diagnosis of affective disorders in dermatological pathology. X X X X 3.5 Diagnosis of affective disorders associated with the reproductive cycle of women. 3.6 Affective disorders of late age. X X X X X X X 3.7 Diagnosis of drug-induced affective disorders. Х Х Х Х Х Х Lectureconsultation, thematic reports of students Problem lecture, thematic reports Problem lecture, thematic reports of students Thematic reports of students Thematic reports of students Problem lecture Problem lecture, thematic reports of students Problem lecture, small group method Х Х affect- Х Х Х Х X X X X X X X X 3.8 Affective disorders and suicidal behavior. 3.9 Post-stress disorders 4. Specifics of diagnosing affective disorders within the framework of a comprehensive forensic psychological and psychiatric examination. 4.4 The connection between socially dangerous acts and affective disorders. 4.5 Specifics of experimental psychological research of persons with affective disorders in expert practice. 4.6 Forensic psychological examination of affect. X X X X X X X X Small group method, facilitative discussion, case study X Problem lecture, case study X X Discussion, thematic reports X X X Small group method. Exercises, discussion Х Х Х Problem lecture, analysis of specific situations, preparation of written analytical works Assessment of the level of competence development is carried out in the process following forms control: monitoring (assessment of students’ performance of tasks during classroom lessons); current (students’ work outside of class is assessed); intermediate (rating points); final (exam). The forms and methods of control correspond to the learning objectives and selected educational technologies and methods of developing competencies. Abstract topics: 1. Difficulties social adaptation people with affective disorders. 2. Features of labor, medical-social, forensic and military examination of persons with affective disorders. 3. General principles for diagnosing affective disorders. Features of conducting experimental psychological research. 4. Differential diagnostic difficulties in the study of persons with affective disorders. 5. Typology and classification of affective disorders. 6. Somatized and somatogenic affective disorders. Differential diagnosis. 7. Diagnosis of depression: diagnostic difficulties. 8. Neurobiological basis of depression. 9. Classification of depression. 10. Psychodiagnostics of depression. 11. Psychodiagnostics of affective disorders. 12. Features of affective disorders in mental illness. 13. Features of affective disorders in somatic diseases. 14. Features of affective disorders in alcoholism and drug addiction. 15. Affective disorders as prerequisites for committing socially dangerous acts. Educational and methodological support of the discipline: (basic and additional literature, topics of seminar (practical) classes and guidelines to them, guidelines for organizing student’s independent work, etc.) References REQUIRED: Luria, A. R. Fundamentals of Neuropsychology [Electronic resource] / A. R. Luria. - M.: Direct-Media, 2008. - 791 p. - 9785998915697. Access mode: http://www.biblioclub.ru/index.php?page=book&id=39194 2. Bykov, Yuri Vitalievich. Depression and resistance: Practical guide[Electronic resource] / Yuri Vitalievich, R A, M K. - Moscow; Moscow: RIOR Publishing Center: LLC "Scientific Publishing Center INFRA-M", 2013. - 374 p. Access mode: http://znanium.com/go.php?id=377132 3. Koretskaya, I. A. Developmental psychology and developmental psychology. 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