The same number on the scales can have different meaning. 80 kg with a height of 190 cm is the norm. But the same 80 kg at 160 cm is already too much, especially for a woman. So it’s not enough to focus on kilograms alone. Ideally, you need to take into account the height, gender, age and lifestyle of a person. In this regard, to determine the norm and pathologies, they use such a concept as BMI.

What it is

BMI is short for body mass index. In English, it sounds like the Body Mass Index (BMI). This is a parameter that reflects the degree of correspondence between the weight and height of a person. Allows you to objectively assess whether he has overweight whether he suffers from exhaustion, or whether everything is normal with him. Most often used in two cases.

Secondly, BMI calculation is necessary in order to control your figure, correct it and, in case of deviation from the norm, take appropriate measures.

Common Formula

Now the BMI formula is officially used, developed back in the middle of the 19th century by Adolf Quetelet, a sociologist and statistician from Belgium. It takes into account only two parameters - height and weight, which does not make it ideal for identifying extra or missing kilograms to the norm. Nevertheless, it has been used in medicine for many decades.

The formula for calculating Quetelet looks like this:

m (weight) = 80 kg;
h (height) = 1.6 m;
we square the meters: 1.6 x 1.6 \u003d 2.56;
I \u003d 80 / 2.56 \u003d 31.25.

This completes the calculation of the body mass index: it is 31.25. We remember this figure and compare with normal indicators, according to the table below.

Norm and deviations

The WHO official website has a special table that shows both the BMI norm and deviations. We are looking for which category we fell into with our I \u003d 31.25.

IN normal index we didn’t get body weight, and the table shows not just extra pounds, but obesity of the first degree (an overview of obesity classifications can be found).

So it’s not at all difficult to calculate BMI and compare the data obtained with the norm. The problem is that the formula is already outdated, and the table from WHO does not reflect all the factors. And this means that the results may not be entirely correct.

For adults

Since weight is influenced by gender and age factors, tables appeared, according to which you can see the norm and deviations from it separately for women and for men, and even taking into account age. According to experts, here the data is more accurate and correct.

For men according to age

For women according to age

Depending only on gender

Depending only on age

Anything below normal is underweight. So, you need to urgently gain the missing kilograms. If the result exceeds the parameter indicated in the table by 5 units, you have excess weight. If the difference is more than 5, you should apply for qualified help, since we are talking, most likely, about .

For children

To calculate BMI for children, you will need the same formula, but the table, accordingly, will be different. In a child, metabolic processes proceed much faster, and energy costs are several times higher than in adults. Therefore, it is necessary in without fail use other rules.

For boys

For girls

Jumps from 7 to 9 years old are explained by the preparation of the body for adolescence and puberty.

Regular determination of BMI in a child allows parents to control his weight and timely prevent both exhaustion and the appearance of extra pounds (about the features childhood obesity read).

Ideal weight calculation

You can find out your ideal body weight using various formulas that use different parameters for calculations.

General designation (R - height):

Borngart index: R in centimeters x (multiply) by chest circumference in centimeters / (divide) by 240;
Breitman index: R in centimeters x 0.7 - 50 kg;
Brock-Brukst index: for women R in centimeters - 100 - (R in centimeters - 100) / 10; for men, R in centimeters - 100 - (R in centimeters - 100) / 20;
Davenport index: weight in grams / R in centimeters squared;
Korovin index: you need to measure the thickness skin fold near the 3rd rib (normal 1-1.5 cm) and at the level of the navel (normal 1.5-2 cm);
Noorden index: R in centimeters x 420/1000;
Tatonya index: R in centimeters - (100 + (R in centimeters - 100) / 20).

There is also a small addition to the Broca-Bruksht formula: after the result obtained, you need to measure the volume of the wrist, and if it is less than 15 cm, subtract from ideal weight 10%; at 15–18 cm we do not change anything, if more than 18, we increase the ideal weight obtained by the formula by 10%.

Using any formula, calculating your ideal body weight is easy. The main thing is to draw objective conclusions after comparing the result with real numbers. If the difference in both directions (more/less) is more than 5 kg, then there are problems that it is better to start solving immediately.

Important note!

We draw your attention to the fact that in different sources, data on the norm and deviations of BMI for men, women and children, taking into account age, can differ quite noticeably, with the exception of common table recommended by WHO. The fact is that the parameters are calculated according to different methods and formulas - hence the difference within the unit. In this regard, all parents are advised to use the data for children only indicatively and, in case of doubt, be sure to consult a pediatrician without taking any independent measures.

The correct choice of a diet or a set of physical exercises largely depends on the knowledge of accurate biometric data. But most of the various tables and methods by which the ideal weight is calculated allow only general statistical data to be obtained. Therefore, many of us are always in doubt: do I look good enough, should I try to change, get rid of a few “kilos”? The calculation of body mass index (BMI) will help you make a decision.

Calculation of body mass index

Adolphe Quetelet, a Belgian mathematician and statistician, proposed a method for calculating BMI in the 19th century (in his honor, the body mass index was called the Quetelet index).

The formula is simple: Divide a person's weight (in kilograms) by the square of their height (in meters). For example, a girl whose weight is 55 kilograms and whose height is 165 centimeters (1.65 meters) has a Quetelet index of 20.2.

How to evaluate the result of calculating BMI

To evaluate the data received and find out if you are overweight, the index table will help.

If your body mass index is less than 15, forget about caloric restrictions in food! These figures indicate a lack of mass or even exhaustion. You may even need to slightly increase both the number of calories consumed and the quality of food. Eliminate physical overstrain and stress, if you feel unwell, consult your doctor.

Those who have a BMI result in the range of 15 to 20 should also not worry too much about the calorie content of the diet. Most likely, you are naturally characterized by an asthenic physique or an accelerated metabolism.

If your body mass index is between 20 and 25, then you should just stick to traditional healthy eating recommendations. Follow the same diet as before. Remember: the vital systems of the body for normal operation There needs to be a balance between calorie intake and calorie burn. Your performance is considered optimal, but proper nutrition and physical education (brisk walking, running, exercising, cycling, etc.) has not been canceled.

Whatnbsp;to donbsp;ifnbsp;BMI is greater than normal

Let's say that after calculating your BMI online, you see that the Quetelet index has exceeded 25. It's time to pull yourself together and take some action! Adjust your diet, bring it into line with energy costs (a calorie counter will help here) and go in for sports. Fitness, aerobics and other active physical activities will not allow excess weight to “develop” into obesity.

After completing the BMI calculation, the calculator will give you the Quetelet index values and recommendations.

Quetelet index in what is measured. Does age affect height-to-weight ratio? Typical errors in measuring body weight

How to check your level of preparation

Zozhnik has already written about TRP standards of the 72nd year. Now we have decided to approach the question of how to find out the level of our physical condition more seriously on our own and asked for advice from Irina Kruglova, Deputy Chief Physician at the Center sports medicine FMBA of Russia.

To begin with, Irina Valentinovna explained that using the phrase " physical state” is incorrect: “There are concepts of “physical development” and “ functional state». Physical development this is the correspondence of anthropometric data and a number of other parameters to the average values of groups of people divided by age and sex.

Checking the functional state

If we talk about the assessment of the functional state, which determines the ability to transfer physical exercise, then to determine it, many tests are used that evaluate the response to physical activity of all interested body systems. These systems include the cardiovascular system, the central, peripheral and autonomic nervous systems, endocrine system and so on.

Tests to determine the functional state of most systems are complex and cannot be applied in everyday life.

Developing the theory of the unity of the processes occurring in the body, which suggests that changes in one of the body systems will sooner or later lead to changes in other systems, it is possible, by conducting simple tests, to assess the state of the most accessible system for obtaining indicators. Such systems are the cardiovascular system and the autonomic nervous system, and their response to stress can be assessed using the heart rate.

Rufier index

To evaluate the response of cardio-vascular system, as a rule, is determined by the Ruffier index.
The test is done like this:

1. The pulse is measured in 15 seconds (P1),

2. Then the person does 30 squats in 45 seconds, that is, at an average pace.

3. Immediately after the squats, the pulse is measured for 15 seconds (P2) and after 45 seconds the number of heart beats in 15 seconds is again determined (P3).

Ruffier index = (4*(P1+P2+P3)-200)/10.

Do not miss the calculations and check your result:

Roughly speaking, for an excellent result, it is necessary that the sum of heart beats for three 15-second measurements be less than 50.

Orthostatic test

The reaction of the autonomic nervous system load can be determined using an orthostatic test.

The test is carried out in the following way. In the supine position, the pulse is measured. It is better to carry out this test in the morning or after 15 minutes of a quiet stay in a horizontal position. The person then takes horizontal position and stays there for 1 min. The increase in heart rate indicators is estimated, it corresponds to:

Irina Kruglova adds: “Speaking about the functional state of the body and determining the volume and intensity of physical exercises, one very important remark should be noted.

The volume and intensity of physical exercises depend on the health of a person, and not on his functional state. suffering chronic disease, in the stage of compensation, a person can have a high functional state, while systematic inadequate physical activity, accompanied by the mobilization of all body systems, can lead to depletion of the systems, which will lead to the progression of the disease, the appearance of complications, or even kill a person.

Quetelet Index / Aka Body Mass Index (BMI)

From Zozhnik, let's add a few more basic tests for self-examination. BMI allows you to indirectly determine the degree of compliance of body weight with a person’s height. Roughly speaking, it allows you to determine how fat or thin you are.

You can find out your BMI using this formula. For example, the Quetelet Index was calculated for a girl weighing 41.8 kg and 152 cm tall:

Or even easier: find your height / weight in this table and find out the preliminary results:

By the way, science says that both excessive and insufficient BMI is harmful to life expectancy.

Robinson index

The Robinson index is used to quantify the energy potential of the human body. It is used to assess the level of metabolic and energy processes occurring in the body.

The Robinson index characterizes the systolic work of the heart. The greater this indicator at the height of physical activity, the greater the functional capacity of the heart muscles. According to this indicator, one can indirectly judge the oxygen consumption by the myocardium.

To calculate the Robinson index:

1. After a 5-minute rest, determine the pulse for one minute in a standing position.

2. Measure your blood pressure and remember the "high" value (systolic).

Robinson index formula:

You can evaluate the results of the calculations in this table:

Body mass index(eng. body mass index (BMI)) - a value that allows you to assess the degree of compliance human weight and height and thereby, indirectly, assess whether underweight, normal, overweight (obesity).

Best Body Fat Ratio

objective parameter perfect body - This percentage fat and bone- muscle tissue. For men the norm is 9 - 15% fat from total body weight, and for women- from 12 to 20%.

Quetelet index. Formula

Knowing Body mass index(BMI), can be judged on obesity or underweight. The index is calculated for adult men and women from 20 to 65 years. The results may be false for pregnant and lactating women, athletes, the elderly and adolescents (under 18). Among the many different methods counting the ideal weight, the most popular method is height - weight index, body mass index - Quetelet index. Formula:
weight ( weight) body in kg divided by height in meters squared
B/(R*R)

The norm for men of the Quetelet index is 19-25. For women, the body mass index is 19-24.

Body mass index should be used with caution, only for an approximate assessment - for example, an attempt to evaluate the physique of professional athletes with it may give an incorrect result (the high value of the index in this case is due to developed muscles).

According to an Israeli study, the ideal for men is body mass index at 25-27. Average duration the life of men with such a BMI was maximum.

Typical errors in measuring body weight.

Body mass changes during the day, days and weeks. This is the norm for a living organism. Your weight have their own physiological fluctuations, caused by food intake, natural functions of the body, changes in environmental conditions climatic environment and other factors. Measure your weight no more than once a week.

Another typical mistake is the substitution of the concept of excess adipose tissue for the concept of excess weight. With some methods of treatment, especially in combination with power exercise, there is an increase in muscle mass against the background of fat burning.

Remember - you must reduce your weight steadily and permanently, and this process is relatively slow. Optimal weight loss should be no more than 2-3 kg per month. At very rapid weight loss You will not be able to keep your body weight normal.

Where is the place for fat?

Quetelet index, obviously, it shows the amount of fat in the body quite well, but does not indicate how fat is distributed in the body, in other words, it does not give a visual-aesthetic picture.

Thus, you can check your body for ideality according to one more formula. The distribution of fat throughout the body is determined by the ratio:
waist (at the level of the navel) / volume of the buttocks.

The norm for men is 0.85

For women - 0.65 - 0.85.

Does age affect height-to-weight ratio?

The answer is unequivocal. Yes, of course it does. Proved that male and female weight should gradually increase with age - this is normal physiological process. Kilograms, which some people consider "superfluous", in fact, they may not be. Can be used to determine optimal weight formula according to age. P - in this case, height, and B - age in years. Body weight \u003d 50 + 0.75 (P - 150) + (B - 20): 4

Table of the ratio of height and weight in men and women, depending on age.

Height, cm	Age, years
	20-29		30-39		40-49		50-59		60-69
	Gender
	M	AND	M	AND	M	AND	M	AND	M	AND
150	51.3	48.9	56.7	53.9	58.1	58.5	58.0	55.7	57.3	54.8
152	53.1	51.0	58.7	55.0	61.5	59.5	61.0	57.6	60.3	55.9tr>
154	55.3	53.0	61.6	59.1	64.5	62.4	63.8	60.2	61.9	59.0
156	58.5	55.8	64.4	61.5	67.3	66.0	65.8	62.4	63.7	60.9
158	61.2	58.1	67.3	64.1	70.4	67.9	68.0	64.5	67.0	62.4
160	62.9	59.8	69.4	65.8	72.3	69.9	69.7	65.8	68.2	64.6
162	64.6	61.6	71.0	68.5	74.4	72.2	72.7	68.7	69.1	66.5
164	67.3	63.6	73.9	70.8	77.2	74.0	75.6	72.0	72.2	70.7
166	68.8	65.2	74.5	71.8	78.0	76.6	76.3	73.8	74.3	71.4
168	70.8	68.5	76.2	73.7	79.6	78.2	79.5	74.8	76.0	73.3
170	72.7	69.2	77.7	75.8	81.0	79.8	79.9	76.8	76.9	75.0
172	74.1	72.8	79.3	77.0	82.8	81.7	81.1	77.7	78.3	76.3
174	77.5	74.3	80.8	79.0	84.4	83.7	82.5	79.4	79.3	78.0
176	80.8	76.8	83.3	79.9	86.0	84.6	84.1	80.5	81.9	79.1
178	83.0	78.2	85.6	82.4	88.0	86.1	86.5	82.4	82.8	80.9
180	85.1	80.9	88.0	83.9	89.9	88.1	87.5	84.1	84.4	81.6
182	87.2	83.3	90.6	87.7	91.4	89.3	89.5	86.5	85.4	82.9
184	89.1	85.5	92.0	89.4	92.9	90.9	91.6	87.4	88.0	85.8
186	93.1	89.2	95.0	91.0	96.6	92.9	92.8	89.6	89.0	87.3
188	95.8	91.8	97.0	94.4	98.0	95.8	95.0	91.5	91.5	88.8
190	97.1	92.3	99.5	95.8	100.7	97.4	99.4	95.6	94.8	92.9

Broca's formula (index) for revealing height-age-weight relationships

One of the most popular calculation methods ideal weight is Brock's formula. It takes into account the ratio of height, weight, body type and age of a person. AND Brock's formula for people under 40 years old is "height (in cm) minus 110", after 40 years - "height (in cm) minus 100".

At the same time, people with an asthenic (thin-boned) body type should subtract 10% from the result, and people with a hypersthenic (broad-boned) body type should add 10% to the result.

How to determine your body type?

The physique is usually divided into 3 types: normosthenic, hypersthenic and asthenic. In order to find out what your body type is, it is enough to measure the circumference of the thinnest place on the wrist with a centimeter. The resulting circumference in centimeters will be the necessary indicator (Soloviev's index).

Your body type

body type	Solovyov index - for men	Soloviev index - for women	Typical for this body type
normosthenic (normal)	18-20 cm	15-17 cm	the physique is distinguished by the proportionality of the main dimensions and their correct ratio
hypersthenic (broad-boned)	over 20 cm	over 17 cm	In people with hypersthenic (wide-boned) body type transverse dimensions bodies are much larger than those of normosthenics and especially asthenics. Their bones are thick and heavy, their shoulders rib cage and the hips are wide, the legs are short.
asthenic (thin-boned)	less than 18 cm	less than 15 cm	In people with an asthenic (thin-boned) body type, the longitudinal dimensions prevail over the transverse ones: the limbs are long, the bone is thin, the neck is long, thin, the muscles are poorly developed.

Nagler's formula for the ratio of height and weight

There is a Nagler formula that allows you to calculate the ideal ratio of weight and height. 152.4 cm of height should account for 45 kilograms of weight. For every inch (i.e. 2.45 cm) over 152.4 cm there should be another 900 grams. Plus another 10% of the resulting weight.

John McCallum's Girth Ratio Formula

One of best formulas, created by Methodist expert John McCallum. The McCallum formula is based on measuring the girth of the wrist.

6.5 wrist circumference equals chest circumference.
85% of the chest circumference is equal to the circumference of the hips.
To get the waist circumference, you need to take 70% of the chest circumference.
53% of the chest circumference is equal to the thigh circumference.
For the neck circumference, you need to take 37% of the chest circumference.
The circumference of the biceps is about 36% of the circumference of the chest.
The girth for the lower leg is slightly less than 34%.
The circumference of the forearm should be equal to 29% of the circumference of the chest.

But not everyone's physical data will exactly match these ratios, since they suggest that the size of the wrist is rigidly related to the size of all human bones. And for some it's not.

A few more ratios of height and weight

The physique is considered ideal if the waist circumference is 25 cm less than the circumference of the hips, and the circumference of the hips is approximately equal to the circumference of the chest. Waist circumference should be equal to "height in centimeters - 100". That is, a woman with a height of 172 cm will be proportionately folded if the waist circumference is 72 cm, the hip and waist circumference is about 97 cm, that is, if she wears a clothing size of 48. If the hip circumference is less than the chest circumference, and the waist circumference is less than the hip circumference by 20 cm, then such a figure is called an “apple”. If the chest circumference is less than the hip circumference, and the waist circumference is 30 cm or more less than the hip circumference, this is a pear-shaped figure. For women and girls of average height - from 165 to 175 cm - this observation turned out to be fair. Their waist circumference in centimeters is approximately equal to their weight in kilograms. One kilogram of weight loss gives a decrease in the waist by one centimeter.

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One of the most widespread problems of the 21st century is the issue of obesity. According to WHO, every year the number of people suffering from this disease is growing exponentially. A particularly depressing situation is developing among children: according to the results of 2010 age group up to 5 years was characterized by the presence overweight(and this is more than 40 million children). Obesity can and should be treated, but it can be prevented in a simple way- track Quetelet index, aka index

What is BMI?

(aka body weight index) is a medical indicator of a person's health. Nature does not tolerate monotony, including in relation to appearance person. Physical appearance is affected by both height and weight. Therefore, when diagnosing obesity, both of these indicators are taken into account. The weight index is calculated using the most various techniques. Classic formula calculation is considered to be one in which the indicator is equal to the result of dividing the weight in kilograms by the height in meters squared.

Despite the fact that most nutritionists, including WHO consultants, consider this formula correct and sufficient, some of them recommend taking into account the body type of a person when calculating BMI. In contrast to them, some researchers consider the only sufficient knowledge of only the growth of a person. In this case, the body index can be calculated by a simple formula: a person's height minus 100 for men or 110 for women (Paul Broca's method). Let us consider in more detail the categories of BMI Quetl, developed for adults and children.

Quetelet index in adults

Growth - weight BMI, used by most doctors in the diagnosis of obesity in adults, is based on the derivation of a certain coefficient.

So, there are 5 ranges that characterize the physical condition of a person. The first includes a "branch" from 20 to 25 units. In this case, the weight of a person is considered normal. All other categories indicate the presence disease state. So, a range of 25-26 correlates with speaking about a predisposition to obesity. A "fork" of indicators at 26-30 may mean obesity of the first degree. If the coefficient obtained fluctuates between 30 and 40, then there is obesity of the second degree, and above 40 - of the third degree.

IN Lately the body index shown is only a guideline. This is due to the fact that most doctors are increasingly inclined to believe that two and weight) is not enough. And therefore, they supplement the studies with the type of physique, gender and age, and in some situations and the patient's condition (in this case we are talking about the state of pregnancy).

In addition to obesity, the body index effectively reveals another problem of our time - anorexia. With this disease, the IMI is equal to or less than 17.5. However, an indicator less than 20 should already be alarming.

Quetelet index in children

Despite the fact that the formula for calculating BMI for children remains unchanged, WHO has adjusted the ranges of children's health degrees. The adjustment took place not only in numerical terms: the age of the child was also taken into account. So, starting from the age of 2 and ending at the age of 19, the child falls under special tables called the Quetelet Index 2. In this case, the sex of the child is also taken into account. For example, a child has reached the age of two. At the same time, his height is 97 cm, and his weight is 16 kg. These parameters do not fit into the generally recognized child development tables approved by WHO. And therefore, it is especially important for parents to know in which group their child is. We calculate according to the above formula and get a BMI equal to 17.02. Next, we determine the gender of the child - male - and track the category. This indicator falls into the zone of children with healthy eating and should not cause concern. It is also worth noting that the state of the child's BMI should be strictly monitored by the doctor observing him.

Summing up, it should be concluded that BMI - important indicator health of both adults and children. Periodic monitoring of it makes it possible to save moving image life and prevent many diseases associated with both obesity and anorexia.