What is iodine responsible for in the body? Physical and chemical properties

For normal functioning The human body needs certain elements from food. In particular, it is necessary that the diet contains foods rich in vitamins, macroelements and microelements. One of the most important elements for human health is iodine. Without iodine, normal functioning of the pancreas is impossible, the most important body, responsible for digestion and regulation of blood sugar levels. In addition, iodine is important for the thyroid gland, which is responsible for the functioning of the central nervous system, the process of assimilation of fats and carbohydrates, as well as the condition of the skin and hair.

Hormones produced thyroid gland, are directly involved in the development of cells of the central nervous system, as well as skin and hair, therefore maximum dose Pregnant and lactating women should receive iodine. For them, the daily dose is about 210 mcg per day. Enough for an adult 150 mcg iodine.

Children under two years of age need to be provided with at least 50 mcg of iodine. From two to six years, this dose should double. Well, schoolchildren need approximately 120 mcg of iodine per day.

Most iodine is found in seafood. It is known that the inhabitants sea elements capable of accumulating iodine from salt water. In particular, just 150 grams of seaweed, or kelp, can provide daily dose iodine, which is necessary for an adult. Enough a large number of Fucus contains iodine, but in our country it is quite difficult to find this algae in stores.

Cod liver is quite rich in iodine. Just 100 grams of this product contains about 350 mcg of iodine. Raw saltwater fish, such as flounder, halibut or herring, contain 100 to 200 mcg valuable microelement. Approximately the same amount of iodine is contained in 100 grams of squid, mussels, oysters and shrimp.

It should be remembered that iodine is a rather unstable compound that can volatilize during heat treatment. Therefore, it is advisable to consume seafood not fried: it is recommended to stew or boil them.

You cannot exclude cheeses and shelf products from your diet, which contain about 11 mcg of iodine per 100 grams of weight. Approximately 7 mcg of iodine is found in potatoes, carrots, tomatoes and sorrel.

Persimmons, strawberries, lemons and grapes contain no more than 5 mcg of iodine per 100 grams of weight. Therefore, nutritionists recommend purchasing fruits and vegetables that are grown in soils enriched with iodine.

We must not forget about such a valuable food product as chicken eggs. One egg contains not only proteins and fats that are valuable for the body, but also approximately 12 mcg of iodine.

Many people try to compensate for iodine deficiency in their diet by consuming special iodized salt. Just two grams of this salt can completely replenish the daily volume of this valuable microelement. Iodized salt was invented in America, where at the beginning of the last century there was a significant increase in the number of children born with cretinism (a severe form of mental retardation). Children with mental retardation were born in places where the soil, and therefore food, was not rich enough in iodine.

It is important to remember that iodized salt will only be effective if you add salt to your food after cooking. Otherwise, the iodine will evaporate during heat treatment.

How does iodine deficiency manifest?

Insufficient intake of iodine into the body is manifested as follows:

the person becomes irritable;
migraines are observed;
the ability to concentrate decreases;
performance decreases.

Lack of iodine and excess weight

Hormones produced by the thyroid gland take part in a number of metabolic processes, in particular, in the breakdown and accumulation of fats and carbohydrates. If there is a lack of iodine in the diet, the thyroid gland changes its operating mode. In the process of evolution, a special mechanism has been developed: if the body is in danger in the form of a lack of food, endocrine system begins to “work” on creating reserves. As a result, body fat, which often becomes the cause of obesity. At the same time, the production of growth hormones decreases: all metabolic processes in the body slow down in order to “wait out” the difficult period. This also affects the functioning of the nervous system: a person becomes inhibited, his memory deteriorates and his ability to concentrate decreases.

If the body does not receive it for a long time required amount iodine, observed following symptoms:

the thyroid gland increases in size (goiter develops);
the functioning of the endocrine system suffers;
children experience delays in both physical and intellectual development;
drowsiness, constant feeling fatigue, lack of energy;
deaf-mute;
malfunctions reproductive system: impotence, infertility, fetal abnormalities, etc.

A lack of iodine in the diet may also cause problems with the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

The famous statement of Hippocrates is known: “ There's medicine in the spoon, there's poison in the cup" And despite the fact that iodine is a vital element necessary for every person, its excess can cause serious disorders body work. Excessive use iodine can lead to the following consequences:

paranoia;
allergic reactions;
hyperactivity;
body weight loss;
potency disorders.

Do I need to take iodine-containing medications?

Only a doctor can decide whether a person needs to take iodine. Typically, taking medications containing iodine is recommended:

during pregnancy planning;
during pregnancy and breastfeeding child;
newborns whose mothers suffer from iodine deficiency;
during difficult mental stress(during exam periods or when working on important projects).

Iodine is one of the most important elements necessary for the normal functioning of the body. However, we must not forget that excess iodine is no less dangerous than its deficiency. It is important for every person to eat right: only balanced diet will provide the body with everything necessary for its normal functioning. Only a doctor can decide whether a person needs additional medications containing iodine.

Iodine in the body - Video

Zinc in the human body

Iodine plays a role in the human body vital role. In D.I. Mendeleev’s table it is number 53. Its biological component is very strong.

The role of iodine in the human body

This element is involved in the formation of the most important thyroid hormones for humans, which are responsible for proper growth and development, for metabolic processes involved in the functioning of our body. The chemical microelement iodine is required in the human body in a strictly defined amount for proper development and thyroid function. Get required portion this element can only be accessed from the outside. Therefore, it is important to know what foods are rich in them.

The emergence of iodine

Iodine was first discovered in 1811 by B. Courtois, a French chemist. He began to heat seaweed with sulfuric acid, thus creating a new element of the periodic table. Iodine, as a chemical element, is the rarest on the planet. Its share is 4*10 -5%. Despite this, it is found everywhere. There is especially a lot of it in the seas, in ocean waters, and in the air of coastal zones. The highest concentration of iodine is in seaweed.

Functions of iodine

Promotes normal operation thyroid gland;

Participates in energy metabolism;

Affects maintenance optimal temperature bodies;

Responsible for fat and protein metabolism;

Essential for body growth and development;

Affects the stable state of the nervous system.

The role of iodine in the human body is difficult to overestimate. It influences mental activity body, healthy condition skin, teeth, hair, nails. It is extremely important for the healthy growth of children, helps them develop mental abilities. At the same time, efficiency increases and excessive irritability decreases.

A child who does not receive enough iodine in the womb will have developmental disabilities various organs. In the future, such children often suffer from developmental delays and neuropsychiatric disorders. At regular sizes The thyroid gland and weak changes in hormones make it very difficult to determine goiter disease. If symptoms such as: headache, general malaise of the body, pain in the chest area, decreased emotional background, and this is not associated with another disease, then you should be examined by an endocrinologist.

Iodine deficiency

Iodine deficiency mainly affects those regions that live far from maritime climate. In Russia this is approximately 70% of the total area of the country. People need to independently monitor their intake of foods containing iodine. Its value for the body is enormous. Therefore, it is very important to know which foods contain iodine. Especially pregnant women and children. If the body does not have enough of it, a goiter grows and the gland becomes large in size.

Manifestations of iodine deficiency:

Infertility;

Risk of miscarriage;

Developmental delay of the child;

Risk of breast cancer;

Congenital pathologies.

Signs of iodine deficiency

Endometrial goiter.
Lack of performance.
Quick fatigue.
Feeling irritable.
Hypothyroidism.

A simple test will help determine whether there is sufficient iodine in the human body. In the evening, having gotten wet cotton swab with an alcohol-containing solution, apply the strips to a small area of the body. In the morning, carefully examine the areas where the solution was applied. If you don’t find anything there, then, accordingly, you urgently need to replenish your reserves by consuming food. Well, if iodine strips remain visible on the body, then you don’t need to consume it additionally.

Excess iodine

Iodine is involved in many processes in the human body. If a sufficient amount enters it, the thyroid gland functions normally. But not only its lack is dangerous for the body, but also its excess.

Oversaturation in the body can occur due to improper use, or more precisely, the use of an inorganic substitute. It is available in tablet form and as a dietary supplement. The iodine in the preparations is rather poorly absorbed by the body. For example, if you eat a lot of fish, seaweed, persimmons and other foods containing trace elements organic form, then the body has time to absorb it in sufficient quantities, and the remainder is eliminated naturally.

Well, if you use iodine in medicines, then the body absorbs it completely. This can lead to oversaturation. A disease known as hypothyroidism manifests itself. This is a disease caused by a lack or excess of thyroid hormones.

Also, a person directly involved in the extraction of this mineral can get an overdose. Symptoms of iodine poisoning:

Irritation of the respiratory tract;

Iododerma is a skin disease;

Salivation, lacrimation;

Runny nose, sore throat;

Iron taste in the mouth;

Nausea, vomiting;

Fatigue, dizziness, tinnitus.

What foods contain iodine? Interesting fact, most of them are under water. All kinds freshwater fish, Marine life, algae, shrimp and more. People get most of their iodine through food. Products rich in it can be of both animal and plant origin.

But there is another way to deliver it to the body. Through the air. The iodine content in foods is not comparable to its concentration in the air. Residents of coastal regions are very lucky with this. IN sea air it is contained in huge quantities.

Animal sources of iodine:

Fish - freshwater, sea;

Seafood - oysters, crabs, shrimp, seaweed;

Dairy products - butter, milk, cottage cheese, fermented baked milk;

Chicken eggs.

Plant sources of iodine:

Fruits - persimmons, apples, grapes;

Vegetables - lettuce, potatoes, tomatoes;

Berries - currants, cranberries;

Cereals - buckwheat, rye, wheat.

Use of iodine in medicine

This trace element has been popular in medicine since ancient times, although it is rarely used in concentrated form. This is an exceptional medicine with increased biological activity and comprehensive action.

It is mainly used as various medicines and drugs. Iodine is essential microelement for the natural functioning of the human body. IN medicinal form it is used as an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory agent. It also has a disinfecting effect on skin diseases, cuts, and wounds. Used internally for atherosclerosis and thyroid disease.

Preparations containing:

Organic iodine - solution of 5% or 10% alcohol;

Inorganic - "Potassium iodide", "Sodium iodide";

Disintegrating substances - “Iodoform”, “Iodinol”;

X-ray contrast agents.

Kidney diseases;

Pulmonary tuberculosis;

Individual intolerance to the drug.

Diseases that are associated with iodine deficiency are among the most common non-communicable diseases. 1.5 billion people in the world may have iodine deficiency, and 655 million suffer from dysfunction and enlargement of the thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency. According to World Organization Health (WHO), 43 million people suffer from iodine deficiency mental development(oligophrenia) various degrees gravity.

Iodine- micronutrient, the initial deficiency of which often does not manifest itself clinically. Insufficient iodine intake from food and water gradually impairs the function of the thyroid gland. Iodine is necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones (thyroid hormones) - thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Because of this, there is an increase in production thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) by the pituitary gland, and under the influence of the increased content of this hormone, the thyroid gland adapts to work under conditions of iodine deficiency. The volume and size of the thyroid gland increases - a goiter is formed - a compensatory reaction to maintain the required concentration of thyroid hormones in the body.

Iodine deficiency- the most common cause of goiter. If iodine deficiency persists in the future, compensatory mechanisms the thyroid gland is depleted, an increase in TSH production does not lead to an increase in T4 biosynthesis, the function of the gland decreases, hypothyroidism is formed (in this case, in addition to typical manifestations hypothyroidism - lethargy, drowsiness and lethargy, mental and physical development, intellectual potential). Endemic goiter- one of the main causes of knots and thyroid cancer, hypothyroidism, mental impairment, decreased fertility, thyrotoxicosis, increased risk of having children with endemic cretinism. Iodine deficiency leads to increased absorption radioactive iodine in case of unfavorable ecological situation. There are a lot of variants of diseases caused by iodine deficiency, and the danger of disorders depends on the age at which the disease began. The most tragic consequences of iodine deficiency occur during prenatal period development and in early childhood.

Iodine deficiency is noticeable affects reproductive function women, development of the fetus and child. In iodine-deficient regions, women experience miscarriages and stillbirths more often, and the number of children born with malformations, asphyxia, and malnutrition increases; perinatal and child mortality increases. The mother's thyroid hormones are the most important regulators of the formation and maturation of the unborn child's brain. They ensure the full development of the main components of the central nervous system in the first three months of pregnancy. At this time, the most important parts of the fetal brain are formed (cortex, corpus callosum, subcortical nuclei, striatum, subarachnoid tract), cochlea auditory analyzer, eyes, facial skeleton, lung tissue.

Further maturation nerve endings During the development of the unborn child, thyroid hormones are also regulated, only by the fetus itself, whose thyroid gland begins to function after the 12th week of pregnancy. With iodine deficiency, the full supply of thyroid hormones to the fetus is disrupted, and not only the child’s brain is affected, but also hearing, visual memory and speech. At birth, such a child is diagnosed with neurological cretinism: mental retardation, deaf-muteness, strabismus, dwarfism, hypothyroidism.

In healthy people iodine requirement is 120-300 mcg per day. When consuming less than 100 mcg of iodine per day, goiter occurs (compensatory enlargement of the thyroid gland). To diagnose iodine deficiency, iodine excretion in urine is analyzed. Iodine excretion in the amount of 25-50 mcg per day indicates a moderate iodine deficiency, less than 25 mcg per day is a sign of severe iodine deficiency.

Almost throughout the entire territory of Russia there is a more or less pronounced iodine deficiency. Iodine consumption throughout almost the entire territory of central Russia is only 40-80 mcg per day. The Moscow region is a zone of weak iodine endemicity. Insufficient iodine consumption poses a serious threat to the health of 100 million Russians and requires mass group and individual iodine prophylaxis. The problem of iodine deficiency has medical, social and economic significance and results in significant decline in intellectual, educational and professional potential nation. WHO documents on this problem mention the elimination of iodine deficiency on a global scale by the year 2000 as one of the main tasks of the world community.

To compensate for the lack of iodine in the diet, individual, group and mass methods are used. iodine prophylaxis. In 1996, the WHO and the International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders recommended the following: iodine standards for daily consumption:

50 mcg for children infancy(first 12 months of life);
90 mcg for younger children before school age(from 2 to 6 years);
120 mcg for school-aged children (7 to 12 years);
150 mcg for adults (12 years and older); 200 mcg for pregnant and lactating women.

Natural sources of iodine:

shrimps;
culinary yeast;
canned salmon;
milk;
sea fish (cod, haddock, herring);
sea salt;
seaweed (seaweed salad);
nuts, seeds, cereals;
feijoa;
iodized salt;
oysters and other seafood.

Mass iodine prophylaxis- the most effective and economical method of eliminating iodine deficiency. In many countries, at the state level, they have introduced and are actively promoting targeted programs universal iodine prophylaxis: iodine salts (iodide and potassium iodate) are added to food products. Consumption of iodized salt (table salt, specially enriched with stable potassium iodate), bread, water - enough effective methods prevention. Salt is used everywhere, added to food in large quantities, which eliminates the possibility of overdose. These measures made it possible to completely eliminate the incidence of goiter in many areas.

Iodized salt consumption cannot compensate for iodine deficiency during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and expanding the salt regime in these conditions is irrational. The drug has proven itself to be used during pregnancy and lactation "Potassium iodide 200 Berlin-Chemie". But the use of drugs does not eliminate the need to replenish the body of a pregnant and lactating woman with other vital elements and vitamins. Currently recommended for pregnant and lactating women multivitamin preparations containing iodine. An example of such preparations containing balanced doses of vitamins, micro- and macroelements, selected taking into account the high needs associated with fetal development and further breastfeeding, are vitamin and mineral complexes"Materna", "Centrum", "Unicap M" and others, containing, among other things, 150 mcg of elemental iodine in one tablet, intended for once a day. Continuous prescription of iodine drugs in doses that allow replenishing iodine deficiency in environment throughout pregnancy and during breastfeeding, prevents the formation of thyroid insufficiency in the developing fetus.

In case of deficiency or absence breast milk the child is transferred to artificial or mixed feeding , as a rule, dry adapted mixtures. In this case, compensation for iodine deficiency in the environment should be carried out by choosing a mixture with a complete iodine content. Many products for artificial feeding Infants do not contain any iodine supplements at all. Sufficient quantity iodine, according to pediatricians, contain adapted milk formulas companies "Maria Humana", "Nutrizia", "Valio", "Friesland Nutrition", "Nestlé", "Hipp". Right choice products containing iodine in quantities optimal for mixed and artificial feeding prevent the development of iodine deficiency diseases in children early age.

After a year, children gradually switch to an adult diet. At the age of 1-2 years, basic eating habits are formed, the rationalization of which helps to develop appropriate tastes and is important element healthy image life.

For individual prevention iodine deficiencies use drugs that provide a physiological amount of iodine - for example, "Potassium iodide 200 Berlin Chemie", containing 262 mcg of potassium iodide in one tablet, which corresponds to 200 mcg of iodine, that is, the daily physiological dose of this microelement. The drug is taken daily after meals with water. "Potassium iodide 200 Berlin Chemie" has an advantage over drugs containing a weekly dose of iodine, since it provides a daily supply of physiological dose of iodine without the risk of allergies associated with it high content. Recommended preventive doses: for children - 50-100 mcg (1/4-1/2 table of potassium iodide 200 per day), for adolescents and adults - 100-200 mcg per day (1/2-1 table of potassium iodide 200 ), during pregnancy and breastfeeding - 200 mcg per day (1 table of potassium iodide 200), prevention of goiter relapse after surgery for goiter - 100-200 mcg per day (1/2-1 table of potassium iodide).

For group iodine prophylaxis are used: adequate nutrition(adapted mixtures containing iodine for infants, iodized salt, etc.) and the use of preventive medications: iodine-containing vitamins (Centrum, Unicap, Materna, etc.). In addition, potassium iodide 200 and other agents containing physiological amounts of iodine (150-200 mcg) may be prescribed. This prevention should be carried out under the supervision of specialists in groups greatest risk iodine deficiency diseases (children, especially young children, adolescents, pregnant and lactating women, organized groups of residents in iodine-deficient regions: kindergartens, schools, enterprises and institutions).

Endemic goiter and other diseases caused by iodine deficiency are an important medical and social problem. Thanks to measures to prevent iodine deficiency and endemic goiter possible without high costs short time significantly improve the health of the population of large regions of Russia and eliminate iodine deficiency diseases.

History of iodine

The discovery of iodine dates back to 1811; the element was discovered by the Frenchman Bernard Courtois, who at one time was a specialist in soap and saltpetre making. Once, during experiments with seaweed ash, a chemist noticed that the copper boiler for evaporating the ash was subject to rapid destruction. When ash vapors were mixed with sulfuric acid, rich violet vapors were formed, which, when settled, turned into shiny crystals of a dark “gasoline” color.

Two years later, Joseph Gay-Lussac and Humphry Davy began studying the resulting substance and named it iodine (from the Greek iodes, ioides - violet, violet).

Iodine is a halogen, belongs to chemically active non-metals, element of the 17th group of the V period of the periodic table of chemical elements D.I. Mendeleev, has atomic number 53, the accepted designation I (Iodum).

Being in nature

Iodine is a fairly rare element, but, oddly enough, it is present in nature almost everywhere, in any living organism, in sea water, soil, products of plant and animal origin. Traditionally, seaweed provides the largest amount of natural iodine.

Physical and chemical properties

Iodine represents solid, in the form of dark purple or black-gray crystals, has a metallic luster and a specific odor. Iodine vapor is violet, formed when the microelement is heated, and when it is cooled, it turns into crystals without becoming liquid. To obtain liquid iodine, it must be heated under pressure.

Daily iodine requirement

For normal functioning of the thyroid gland, an adult needs 150-200 mcg of iodine; adolescents, pregnant women and nursing mothers need to increase the amount of iodine entering the body daily to 400 mcg per day.

Main sources of iodine:

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It must be remembered that during cooking, up to half the amount of iodine is lost, as well as during long-term storage.

Beneficial properties of iodine and its effect on the body

Yod is an active participant oxidative processes, which directly affect the stimulation brain activity. Most of the iodine in the human body is concentrated in thyroid gland and plasma. Iodine helps neutralize unstable microbes, thereby reducing irritability and stress (calorizator). Iodine also has the property of increasing the elasticity of the walls of blood vessels.

Iodine will make it easier to follow a diet by burning excess fat, promotes proper growth, gives more energy, improves mental activity, makes hair, nails, skin and teeth healthy.

Signs of iodine deficiency

Iodine deficiency is usually observed in regions where there is not enough natural microelements. Signs of iodine deficiency include increased fatigue and general weakness, frequent headaches, weight gain, noticeable weakening of memory, as well as vision and hearing, conjunctivitis, dry mucous membranes and skin. Lack of iodine leads to disorders menstrual cycle in women and a decrease in sexual desire and activity in men.

Signs of excess iodine

Excess iodine is no less harmful than its deficiency. Iodine is a toxic trace element; when working with it, you need to be extremely careful to avoid poisoning, which is characterized severe pain in the stomach, vomiting and diarrhea. When there is an excess of iodine in water, the following symptoms are observed: allergic rash and rhinitis, increased sweating with pungent odor, insomnia, increased salivation and swelling of the mucous membranes, trembling, cardiopalmus. The most common disease associated with an increased amount of iodine in the body is Graves' disease.

The use of iodine in life

Iodine is mainly used in medicine, in the form of an alcohol solution, to disinfect the skin, speed up the healing of wounds and injuries, and also as an anti-inflammatory agent (an iodine cell is drawn on the site of bruises or during a cough to warm up). Gargle with a diluted solution of iodine for colds.

Iodine has found application in forensics (it is used to identify fingerprints), as a component for light sources, and in the production of batteries.

Everyone has ever used an alcohol solution of iodine; some are familiar with it from chemistry lessons. Someone has encountered a lack of iodine in the body, while others confuse it with brilliant green. In this article we have collected answers to the most frequently asked questions about iodine, we hope it will be useful!

When and by whom was iodine discovered?

The chemical element “Iodine” was added to the periodic table in 1871.

Like many chemical elements, iodine was discovered by accident in 1811 by the Frenchman Bernard Courtois while preparing saltpeter from seaweed. As a chemical element, the substance received the name “iodine” two years later, and was officially included in the periodic table in 1871.

Where and how is iodine obtained?

In its pure form ( free form) iodine is extremely rare - mainly in Japan and Chile. The main production is made from seaweed (5 kg is obtained from 1 ton of dry kelp), sea water (up to 30 mg from a ton of water) or from oil drilling waters (up to 70 mg from a ton of water). There is a method for obtaining technical iodine from waste from the production of saltpeter and ash, but the content of the substance in the starting materials is no more than 0.4%.

The method of obtaining iodine has two directions.

Seaweed ash is mixed with concentrated sulfuric acid and heated. After evaporation of moisture, iodine is obtained.
Iodine in liquids (sea or lake salt water, oil water) is bound with starch, or silver and copper salts, or kerosene (an outdated method, as it is expensive) into insoluble compounds, and then the water is evaporated. Later they began to use the charcoal method for extracting iodine.

How does iodine affect the human body?

Iodine and its derivatives are part of hormones that affect metabolism human body, its growth and development, so the average person needs to consume up to 0.15 mg of iodine daily. The absence of iodine or its deficiency in the diet leads to diseases of the thyroid gland and the development of endemic goiter, hypothyroidism and cretinism.

An indicator of iodine deficiency in the body is fatigue and depressed mood, headache and so-called “natural laziness”, irritability and nervousness, weakening of memory and intelligence. Arrhythmia appears, increased arterial pressure and a drop in hemoglobin levels in the blood. Very toxic - 3 g of the substance is lethal dose for any living organism.

In large quantities it causes damage of cardio-vascular system, kidney and pulmonary edema; cough and runny nose, lacrimation and pain in the eyes (if it comes into contact with the mucous membrane); general weakness and fever, vomiting and diarrhea, increased heart rate and heart pain.

How to replenish iodine in the body?

Main source natural iodine are seafood, but obtained as far as possible from the shore: in coastal strips Iodine is washed out of the soil, and its content in products is insignificant. Eat seafood - this can restore the substance content in the body to a certain extent.
You can artificially add iodine to table salt, consume foods containing this microelement - sunflower oil, nutritional supplements.
Pharmacies sell tablets with increased content iodine - relatively harmless drugs (for example, iodine-active, antistrumin).
A lot of iodine is found in persimmons and walnuts.

Where is iodine found?

Iodine is present almost everywhere. Highest content iodine - in products of marine origin, in sea water itself and salty lake water.
In free form - as a mineral - iodine is present in thermal springs of volcanoes and natural iodides (lautarite, iodobromite, embolite, mayersite). It is found in oil drilling waters, sodium nitrate solutions, lyes from saltpeter and potassium production.

What foods contain iodine?

In seafood: fish (cod and halibut) and fish oil, crustaceans and mollusks (scallops, crabs, shrimp, squid, oysters, mussels), seaweed. This is followed by dairy products and chicken eggs, feijoa and persimmons, sweet peppers, peels and kernels of walnuts, black grapes, grain crops (buckwheat, corn, wheat, millet), River fish and red beans. Iodine is found in orange and red colored juices.

Even less iodine in soy products(milk, sauce, tofu), onions, garlic, beets, potatoes, carrots, beans, strawberries (about 40-100 times less than in seaweed), but it is there.

What foods do not contain iodine?

There is no iodine in baked goods (homemade) that use regular salt without iodine, peeled potatoes, unsalted vegetables (raw and frozen), peanuts, almonds and egg white. There is practically no iodine in cereals that are poor in natural salts; macaroni, cocoa powder, white raisins and dark chocolate. It refers to vegetable oils, including soybean.

Almost all known seasonings in dried form (black pepper, herbs) also do not have iodine-containing components - iodine quickly decomposes (evaporates) in the open air, which is why iodized salt is suitable for use for only 2 months (if the pack is open).

Carbonated drinks - Coca Cola and its derivatives, wine, black coffee, beer, lemonade - all this also does not contain iodine.

Linen fabrics:

Option 1. Cover the stain baking soda, pour vinegar on top and leave for 12 hours, and then wash in warm, clean water.

Option 2. Dissolve a teaspoon of ammonia in 0.5 liters of water, and wipe the stain with the resulting solution. Next, wash in warm soapy water.

Option 3. Make a thick paste of starch in water, apply it to the stain and wait for the stain to turn blue. If necessary, repeat again and wash the product in warm soapy water.

Option 4: Rub the stain raw potatoes and wash the product in warm soapy water.

Option 5. You can wipe the stain with liquid ascorbic acid(or dissolve the tablet in water), and then wash it in soap and water.

Wool, cotton and silk fabrics:
The stain should be wiped with a hyposulfite solution (a teaspoon per glass of water) and washed in warm water. You can wipe the stain ammonia and wash in the usual way.

How to wash iodine from skin

There are several options:

Apply to the skin olive oil or fatty cream that will absorb iodine. After an hour, the iodine is washed off with a body sponge and soap.
Take a bath with sea salt, and at the end they use a washcloth and baby clothes (household clothes - in as a last resort) soap.
For delicate skin, you can use a scrub instead of a washcloth, and massage the area with the stain. After this you can lubricate the skin nourishing cream or milk.
You can apply cotton wool with alcohol, moonshine or vodka to the stain for 5 minutes, and then rub. The procedure can be repeated several times.
Removes iodine stains by hand washing items or a regular bath with powder or lemon juice.

How to gargle with iodine

The method is quite simple - you need to put it in a glass with warm water add a few drops of iodine until you get a light brown solution. But the effect will be better and stronger if you add a teaspoon of soda to the water and table salt. The method has proven itself in the treatment purulent sore throat And chronic tonsillitis. The procedure can be repeated 3-4 times a day (for purulent sore throat - every 4 hours) for 4 days.

If you have a sore throat, you should not lubricate your throat with an alcohol solution of iodine, such as, for example, Iodinol. Otherwise, you will simply burn the mucous membrane.

How to make an iodine grid, how often can you make an iodine grid

You need to take a thin stick with cotton wool, moisten it in a 5% alcohol solution of iodine and draw intersecting horizontal and vertical stripes on the skin in the form of a plate with 1x1cm squares. This is the ideal geometry for uniform distribution of iodine: it is absorbed quickly and efficiently.

It can be done only two to three times during the week for any disease.

At what age can you apply iodine?

Doctors do not recommend smearing iodine on the skin even in adolescence– iodine burns the skin. But iodine grid(one-time) can be done from the age of five. But there is a more “advanced” and safer version of iodine that can also be used.

Why is iodine in the periodic table, but brilliant green is not?

Because brilliant green is a synthetic antiseptic, an aniline dye. The periodic table includes only chemical elements and compounds that exist in nature in their pure form.

Iodized salt salt should be replaced ordinary people living in regions of iodine deficiency.

Because this salt helps restore balance in case of iodine deficiency in the human body, it is a prevention of iodine deficiency diseases in children, pregnant and lactating women, and adolescents. Salt with iodine helps prevent the thyroid gland from absorbing radioactive iodine components and is a protection against radiation, inflammatory processes and diseases.

How to make iodized salt

Iodine is added to sea or lake salt water in a certain concentration, mixed with water and only then evaporated.