What is the 2nd belt of the water protection zone. What is a protective coastal strip
VK RF Article 65
1. Water protection zones are territories that are adjacent to the coastline (boundaries of a water body) of seas, rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs and on which a special regime for economic and other activities is established in order to prevent pollution, clogging, siltation of these water bodies and depletion of their waters, as well as the preservation of the habitat of aquatic biological resources and other objects of the animal and plant world.
2. Within the boundaries of water protection zones, coastal protective strips are established, on the territories of which additional restrictions on economic and other activities are introduced.
3. Outside the territories of cities and other settlements, the width of the water protection zone of rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs and the width of their coastal protective strip are established from the location of the corresponding coastline (boundary of the water body), and the width of the water protection zone of the seas and the width of their coastal protective stripes - from the line of maximum tide. In the presence of centralized stormwater drainage systems and embankments, the boundaries of the coastal protective strips of these water bodies coincide with the parapets of the embankments, the width of the water protection zone in such areas is set from the parapet of the embankment.
(see text in previous edition)
4. The width of the water protection zone of rivers or streams is established from their source for rivers or streams with a length of:
1) up to ten kilometers - in the amount of fifty meters;
2) from ten to fifty kilometers - in the amount of one hundred meters;
3) from fifty kilometers and more - in the amount of two hundred meters.
5. For a river, a stream with a length of less than ten kilometers from the source to the mouth, the water protection zone coincides with the coastal protective strip. The radius of the water protection zone for the sources of the river, stream is set at fifty meters.
6. The width of the water protection zone of a lake, reservoir, with the exception of a lake located inside a swamp, or a lake, reservoir with a water area of less than 0.5 square kilometer, is set at fifty meters. The width of the water protection zone of a reservoir located on a watercourse is set equal to the width of the water protection zone of this watercourse.
(see text in previous edition)
7. The boundaries of the water protection zone of Lake Baikal are established in accordance with the Federal Law of May 1, 1999 N 94-FZ "On the Protection of Lake Baikal".
(see text in previous edition)
8. The width of the water protection zone of the sea is five hundred meters.
9. The water protection zones of the main or inter-farm canals coincide in width with the right-of-way of such canals.
10. Water protection zones of rivers, their parts placed in closed collectors, are not established.
11. The width of the coastal protective strip is set depending on the slope of the shore of the water body and is thirty meters for a reverse or zero slope, forty meters for a slope of up to three degrees and fifty meters for a slope of three or more degrees.
12. For flowing and waste lakes located within the boundaries of marshes and corresponding watercourses, the width of the coastal protective strip is set at fifty meters.
13. The width of the coastal protective strip of a river, lake, reservoir of especially valuable fishery importance (spawning, feeding, wintering grounds for fish and other aquatic biological resources) is set at two hundred meters, regardless of the slope of adjacent lands.
(see text in previous edition)
14. In the territories of settlements, in the presence of centralized stormwater drainage systems and embankments, the boundaries of coastal protective strips coincide with the parapets of embankments. The width of the water protection zone in such areas is set from the embankment parapet. In the absence of an embankment, the width of the water protection zone, the coastal protective strip is measured from the location of the coastline (boundary of the water body).
(see text in previous edition)
15. Within the boundaries of water protection zones, it is prohibited:
1) use of wastewater for the purpose of regulating soil fertility;
(see text in previous edition)
2) placement of cemeteries, animal burial grounds, facilities for the disposal of production and consumption waste, chemical, explosive, toxic, toxic and poisonous substances, radioactive waste disposal sites;
(see text in previous edition)
3) implementation of aviation pest control measures;
(see text in previous edition)
4) movement and parking of vehicles (except for special vehicles), with the exception of their movement on roads and parking on roads and in specially equipped places with a hard surface;
5) location of petrol stations, warehouses of fuels and lubricants (except for cases when petrol stations, warehouses of fuels and lubricants are located in the territories of ports, shipbuilding and ship repair organizations, infrastructure of inland waterways, subject to compliance with the requirements of legislation in the field of environmental protection and of this Code), service stations used for technical inspection and repair of vehicles, washing of vehicles;
6) placement of specialized storage facilities for pesticides and agrochemicals, use of pesticides and agrochemicals;
7) discharge of sewage, including drainage, water;
8) exploration and production of common minerals (with the exception of cases where exploration and production of common minerals are carried out by subsoil users engaged in exploration and production of other types of minerals, within the boundaries granted to them in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on the subsoil of mining allotments and (or ) geological allotments on the basis of an approved technical design in accordance with Article 19.1 of the Law of the Russian Federation of February 21, 1992 N 2395-1 "On Subsoil").
16. Within the boundaries of water protection zones, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation of economic and other facilities are allowed, provided that such facilities are equipped with facilities that ensure the protection of water facilities from pollution, clogging, silting and depletion of water in accordance with water legislation and legislation in the field of environmental protection. The choice of the type of structure that ensures the protection of a water body from pollution, clogging, silting and depletion of water is carried out taking into account the need to comply with the standards for permissible discharges of pollutants, other substances and microorganisms established in accordance with environmental protection legislation. For the purposes of this article, structures that ensure the protection of water bodies from pollution, clogging, silting and depletion of water are understood to mean:
1) centralized water disposal systems (sewerage), centralized storm water disposal systems;
Article 65 of the Water Code:
Water protection zones(WHO) - territories that are adjacent to the coastline of water bodies and where a special regime of activity is established to prevent pollution, etc. of water bodies and water depletion, as well as to preserve the habitat of aquatic biological resources.
Within the boundaries of water protection zones, coastal protection strips(PZP), in the territories of which additional restrictions are introduced.
WHO Width And PZP installed:
Outside the territories of settlements - from coastline,
For the seas from high tide lines;
If there are embankment parapets and sewerage, then the boundaries of the PZP coincide with this embankment parapet, from which the width of the WHO is measured.
WHO Width is:
For rivers and streams less than 10 km from the source to the mouth of the POZ = PZP = 50 m, and the radius of the POZ around the source is 50 m.
For rivers from 10 to 50 km WHO = 100 m
Longer than 50 km, WHO = 200 m
WHO lakes, reservoirs with a water area over 0.5 km 2 = 50 m
WHO of a reservoir on a watercourse = width of the WHO of this watercourse
WHO main or inter-farm canals = right-of-way canal.
who sea \u003d 500 m
For swamps, WHO is not established
BAR width is set depending on the slope of the shore of the water body:
Reverse or zero slope PZP = 30 m.
Slope from 0 to 3 degrees = 40 m.
More than 3 degrees = 50 m.
If the water body has especially valuable fishery value(places of spawning, feeding, wintering of fish and aquatic biological resources), then the LAR is 200 m, regardless of the slope.
PZP lakes within the swamps And watercourses= 50 m.
Within WHO prohibited:
Use of wastewater for fertilizer;
Placement of cemeteries, animal burial grounds, burial sites for production and consumption waste, chemical, toxic and poisonous substances and radioactive waste;
Use of aviation measures to control pests and plant diseases;
Movement and parking of vehicles (except for special ones), with the exception of movement and parking on roads and in specially equipped places with a hard surface.
For facilities within WHO required treatment facilities, including treatment facilities for storm drains.
Within the PZP prohibited:
Same restrictions as for WHO; Use of wastewater for fertilization;
Plowing land;
Placement of dumps of eroded soils;
Grazing farm animals and organizing summer camps and baths for them.
Engineering and technological measures
1. Selection of machinery and equipment, raw materials and materials, technological processes and operations with a lower specific impact on the aquatic environment:
a. efficient water consumption schemes (circulating systems);
b. optimal schemes for tracing engineering networks,
c. low-waste technologies, etc.
2. Organized disposal and treatment of industrial effluents. During the construction of a new facility, choose a scheme for separate drainage of storm, industrial and domestic wastewater.
3. Collection and separate treatment of wastewater contaminated with oil products.
4. Automation of monitoring the efficiency of local treatment facilities;
5. Prevention of filtration from sewer networks (operation, repair).
6. Measures to prevent pollution of storm water (cleaning up areas).
7. Special events for construction (construction site equipment, wheel cleaning and washing stations).
8. Reducing unorganized runoff;
9. Limiting the amount of oil-contaminated wastewater discharged into stormwater systems.
10. Equipping with means of monitoring the efficiency of installations and equipment for environmental purposes (grease traps, VOCs).
11. Measures for the removal and temporary storage of soil and vegetable soil with separate storage of the fertile soil layer and potentially fertile rocks;
12. Carrying out vertical planning and landscaping of the territory of engineering facilities, landscaping of adjacent territories.
13. Special for the construction phase (PIC).
Wheel wash. SNiP 12-01-2004. Organization of construction, clause 5.1
At the request of the LSG, the construction site can be equipped ... points for cleaning or washing the wheels of vehicles at the exits, and on linear objects - in the places specified by local self-government bodies.
If it is necessary to temporarily use certain territories not included in the construction site for construction needs that do not pose a danger to the population and the environment, the mode of use, protection (if necessary) and cleaning of these territories is determined by agreement with the owners of these territories (for public territories - with OMSU).
Clause 5.5. The work contractor ensures the safety of work for the environment, while:
Provides cleaning of the construction site and the adjacent five-meter zone; garbage and snow must be removed at the places and terms established by the local government;
Not allowed discharge of water from the construction site without washout protection surfaces;
At drilling works takes measures to overflow prevention groundwater;
Performs neutralization And organization industrial and domestic effluents…
VOC. MU 2.1.5.800-99. Water disposal of populated areas, sanitary protection of reservoirs. Organization of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance for Wastewater Disinfection
3.2. The following types of wastewater are among the most dangerous in epidemic terms:
Household waste water;
City mixed (industrial and domestic) wastewater;
Wastewater from infectious diseases hospitals;
Wastewater from livestock and poultry facilities and enterprises for the processing of animal products, wastewater from wool washes, biofactories, meat processing plants, etc.;
Surface and storm drains;
Mine and quarry wastewater;
Drainage waters.
3.5. In accordance with the sanitary rules for the protection of surface waters from pollution, sewage, dangerous in an epidemic sense, must be disinfected.
The need for disinfection of wastewater of these categories is justified by the conditions of their disposal and use. in coordination with the state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance authorities in the territories.
Wastewater is subject to mandatory disinfection when discharged into water bodies recreational And sports destination, with their re-industrial use, etc.
1. Water protection zones are territories adjacent to the coastline of seas, rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs and on which a special regime is established for the implementation of economic and other activities in order to prevent pollution, clogging, siltation of these water bodies and depletion of their waters, as well as the preservation of the habitat of aquatic biological resources and other objects of the animal and plant world.
2. Within the boundaries of water protection zones, coastal protective strips are established, on the territories of which additional restrictions on economic and other activities are introduced.
3. Outside the territories of cities and other settlements, the width of the water protection zone of rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs and the width of their coastal protective strip are established from the corresponding coastline, and the width of the water protection zone of the seas and the width of their coastal protective strip - from the line of maximum tide . In the presence of centralized stormwater drainage systems and embankments, the boundaries of the coastal protective strips of these water bodies coincide with the parapets of the embankments, the width of the water protection zone in such areas is set from the parapet of the embankment.
4. The width of the water protection zone of rivers or streams is established from their source for rivers or streams with a length of:
1) up to ten kilometers - in the amount of fifty meters;
2) from ten to fifty kilometers - in the amount of one hundred meters;
3) from fifty kilometers and more - in the amount of two hundred meters.
5. For a river, a stream with a length of less than ten kilometers from the source to the mouth, the water protection zone coincides with the coastal protective strip. The radius of the water protection zone for the sources of the river, stream is set at fifty meters.
6. The width of the water protection zone of a lake, reservoir, with the exception of a lake located inside a swamp, or a lake, reservoir with a water area of less than 0.5 square kilometer, is set at fifty meters. The width of the water protection zone of a reservoir located on a watercourse is set equal to the width of the water protection zone of this watercourse.
7. The boundaries of the water protection zone of Lake Baikal are established in accordance with the Federal Law of May 1, 1999 N 94-FZ "On the Protection of Lake Baikal".
8. The width of the water protection zone of the sea is five hundred meters.
9. The water protection zones of the main or inter-farm canals coincide in width with the right-of-way of such canals.
10. Water protection zones of rivers, their parts placed in closed collectors, are not established.
11. The width of the coastal protective strip is set depending on the slope of the shore of the water body and is thirty meters for a reverse or zero slope, forty meters for a slope of up to three degrees and fifty meters for a slope of three or more degrees.
12. For flowing and waste lakes located within the boundaries of marshes and corresponding watercourses, the width of the coastal protective strip is set at fifty meters.
13. The width of the coastal protective strip of a river, lake, reservoir of especially valuable fishery importance (spawning, feeding, wintering grounds for fish and other aquatic biological resources) is set at two hundred meters, regardless of the slope of adjacent lands.
14. In the territories of settlements, in the presence of centralized stormwater drainage systems and embankments, the boundaries of coastal protective strips coincide with the parapets of embankments. The width of the water protection zone in such areas is set from the embankment parapet. In the absence of an embankment, the width of the water protection zone, the coastal protective strip is measured from the coastline.
15. Within the boundaries of water protection zones, it is prohibited:
1) use of wastewater for the purpose of regulating soil fertility;
2) placement of cemeteries, animal burial grounds, facilities for the disposal of production and consumption waste, chemical, explosive, toxic, toxic and poisonous substances, radioactive waste disposal sites;
3) implementation of aviation pest control measures;
4) movement and parking of vehicles (except for special vehicles), with the exception of their movement on roads and parking on roads and in specially equipped places with a hard surface;
5) location of petrol stations, warehouses of fuels and lubricants (except for cases when petrol stations, warehouses of fuels and lubricants are located in the territories of ports, shipbuilding and ship repair organizations, infrastructure of inland waterways, subject to compliance with the requirements of legislation in the field of environmental protection and of this Code), service stations used for technical inspection and repair of vehicles, washing of vehicles;
6) placement of specialized storage facilities for pesticides and agrochemicals, use of pesticides and agrochemicals;
7) discharge of sewage, including drainage, water;
8) exploration and production of common minerals (with the exception of cases where exploration and production of common minerals are carried out by subsoil users engaged in exploration and production of other types of minerals, within the boundaries granted to them in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on the subsoil of mining allotments and (or ) geological allotments on the basis of an approved technical design in accordance with Article 19.1 of the Law of the Russian Federation of February 21, 1992 N 2395-1 "On Subsoil").
16. Within the boundaries of water protection zones, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation of economic and other facilities are allowed, provided that such facilities are equipped with facilities that ensure the protection of water facilities from pollution, clogging, silting and depletion of water in accordance with water legislation and legislation in the field of environmental protection. The choice of the type of structure that ensures the protection of a water body from pollution, clogging, silting and depletion of water is carried out taking into account the need to comply with the standards for permissible discharges of pollutants, other substances and microorganisms established in accordance with environmental protection legislation. For the purposes of this article, structures that ensure the protection of water bodies from pollution, clogging, silting and depletion of water are understood to mean:
1) centralized water disposal systems (sewerage), centralized storm water disposal systems;
2) structures and systems for diverting (discharging) wastewater into centralized water disposal systems (including rain, melt, infiltration, watering and drainage waters), if they are designed to receive such waters;
3) local treatment facilities for wastewater treatment (including rainwater, meltwater, infiltration, irrigation and drainage water), ensuring their purification based on the standards established in accordance with the requirements of legislation in the field of environmental protection and this Code;
4) facilities for the collection of production and consumption waste, as well as facilities and systems for the disposal (discharge) of wastewater (including rain, melt, infiltration, watering and drainage water) into receivers made of waterproof materials.
16.1. In relation to the territories of horticultural, gardening or dacha non-profit associations of citizens located within the boundaries of water protection zones and not equipped with wastewater treatment facilities, until they are equipped with such facilities and (or) connected to the systems specified in clause 1 of part 16 of this article, it is allowed the use of receivers made of waterproof materials that prevent the entry of pollutants, other substances and microorganisms into the environment.
17. Within the boundaries of coastal protective strips, along with the restrictions established by part 15 of this article, it is prohibited:
Feedback form.
COASTAL PROTECTIVE STRIP - a coastal area of a fixed width from the water's edge of a water body, which is part of a water protection zone.[ ...]
In the coastal protective strips of water protection zones, it is allowed to place recreation facilities, water supply facilities, fishing and hunting facilities, as well as water intake, port and hydraulic structures with a license for water use.[ ...]
Within coastal protective strips, in addition to the restrictions established for water protection zones, the following are prohibited: plowing of land; application of fertilizers; storage of dumps of eroded soils; grazing and organization of summer camps for livestock (except for the use of traditional watering places), arrangement of bathing baths; installation of seasonal stationary tent camps, placement of summer cottages and horticultural plots and allocation of plots for individual construction; movement of motor vehicles and tractors, except for vehicles of special significance.[ ...]
In the forests of water protection zones and coastal protective strips, final felling is prohibited. Intermediate felling and other forestry activities that ensure the protection of water bodies are allowed.[ ...]
Within the water protection zones, coastal protective strips are distinguished, which are directly adjacent to water bodies. Within their limits, in addition to the restrictions in force in water protection zones, it is prohibited to plow land, use fertilizers, store eroded soil dumps, install seasonal tent camps, place summer cottages and garden plots, allocate land for individual construction, lay driveways and roads, and drive vehicles. , tractors and mechanisms.[ ...]
Within the water protection zones, coastal protective strips are established, on the territories of which additional restrictions on nature use are introduced.[ ...]
Within the water protection zones, coastal protective strips are established, where excavation of land, felling and uprooting of forests, placement of livestock farms and camps, as well as other activities are prohibited. The procedure for establishing the size and boundaries of water protection zones, their coastal protective strips, as well as the regime for their use are established by the Government of the Russian Federation. In order to protect water bodies, it is also planned to establish other zones: sanitary protection, environmental emergency and environmental disaster at water bodies. The latter include those where, as a result of economic activity or natural processes, changes occur that threaten human health, flora and fauna, and the state of the natural environment.[ ...]
Territorial standards include sanitary protection zones of industrial facilities (individual enterprises or groups, industrial units), water protection zones (including coastal protective strips), sanitary protection belts for surface and underground water intakes, sanitary protection districts.[ ...]
It is as a result of the establishment of water protection zones and coastal protective belts and a special regime of economic and other activities within their boundaries that the protection and restoration of surface water bodies and the improvement of their hydrological regime are ensured.[ ...]
Maintenance of water protection zones, coastal protective strips and water protection signs in proper condition is the responsibility of water users. At the same time, land owners, landowners and land users, on whose lands there are water protection zones and coastal protective strips, are obliged to comply with the established regime for the use of these zones and strips. Thus, water protection zones and coastal protective strips can be viewed rather as restrictions on land rights established in accordance with Art. 56 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation.[ ...]
Additionally, for the protection of water bodies, coastal protective strips are established, which are part of water protection zones, the territory of which is directly adjacent to water bodies. They should be occupied by forest and shrub vegetation or tinned. The minimum width of the lanes is set depending on the topographic conditions and types of land adjacent to the water body. For water bodies of the highest fishery category, coastal protective strips must be at least 100 m.[ ...]
The procedure for establishing the size and boundaries of water protection zones and their coastal protective strips, as well as the regime for their use, are established by the government of the Russian Federation.[ ...]
The regulation establishes the minimum width of water protection zones and coastal protective strips for various water bodies: for rivers, oxbow lakes and lakes - from the average long-term water line in summer; for reservoirs - from the water's edge at a normal retaining level; for the seas - from the maximum tide level; for swamps - from their border (zero depth of the peat deposit). The minimum width of water protection zones is established for sections of rivers with a length from their source: up to 10 km - 50 m, from 10 to 50 km - 100 m, from 50 to 100 km - 200 m, from 100 to 200 km - 300 m, from 200 to 500 km - 400 m, from 500 km and more - 500 m.[ ...]
The special legal mode is established for certain types 3. century. f., which include water protection zones and coastal protective strips.[ ...]
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 23, 1996 “On approval of the Regulations on water protection zones of water bodies and their coastal protective strips” // СЗ RF, 1996, No. 49, Art. 5567.[ ...]
Allocation of such 3. h. provides for the law on the use and protection of natural resources, environmental legislation. Protective ecological zones include water protection zones of water bodies with coastal protective strips allocated within their boundaries, buffer zones (districts) created to protect natural complexes of specially protected natural areas from anthropogenic impacts, protective areas to ensure the life cycles of animals.[ ...]
The standards and regime of water protection zones are determined by the Water Code of the Russian Federation (Article 111) and the Regulation on the water protection zones of water bodies and their coastal protective strips, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 23, 1996. A water protection zone is a territory adjacent to the waters of rivers, lakes, reservoirs and other surface water bodies, where a special regime of economic and other types of activities is established in order to prevent pollution, clogging, silting and depletion of water bodies, as well as to preserve the habitat of flora and fauna objects. The water protection zone is created as an integral part of environmental protection measures, as well as measures to improve the hydrological regime and technical condition, the improvement of water bodies and their coastal areas. Within the water protection zones, coastal protective strips are established, on the territories of which additional restrictions on nature use are introduced.[ ...]
The task of executive authorities is to bring to the attention of interested organizations and citizens the resolutions (decisions) on the boundaries of water protection zones and coastal strips of rivers, lakes, reservoirs and their water protection regime. State control over compliance with the procedure for establishing the size and boundaries, as well as the regime of economic and other activities within the water protection zones and coastal protective belts, is assigned to the executive authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation, basin and other territorial authorities for the use and protection of the water fund of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, specifically authorized state bodies in the field of environmental protection, state management bodies for the use and protection of land and specially authorized forestry management bodies within their powers.[ ...]
Sometimes in the legal literature, water protection zones are considered as PWRs. However, such a position from a formal point of view is not entirely correct. Neither the Water Code, nor the Regulations on water protection zones of water bodies and their coastal protective strips define water protection zones as a whole as specially protected natural areas. At the same time, the RF VC contains a provision according to which the water protection zones of water bodies that are sources of drinking water supply or spawning grounds for valuable fish species are declared specially protected areas in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation (part 6 of article 111). As follows from the meaning of Art. 2 of the Law on Protected Areas, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation have the right to classify water protection zones as specially protected natural areas, which is already being done in some regions (for example, in the Amur Region)”10 or the city of Moscow. The Land Code classifies areas occupied by water protection zones and coastal protective strips as conservation lands (see section 2.1).[ ...]
Lake Baikal has the status of a World Heritage Site and is included in the UNESCO list. This object is one of the largest in the list and includes the water area of the lake (with Olkhon Island and other islands) and its natural environment within the boundaries of the first catchment area. The coastal protective belt of the lake includes little-changed mountain-taiga landscapes of the Bar-guzinsky, Primorsky, Khamar-Da-ban, etc. ranges and the Selenga delta. More remote, but ecologically significant parts of Lake Baikal are identified as various kinds of specially protected natural areas and objects.[ ...]
When developing the Concept of the System of Protected Natural Areas in Russia, its developers proceeded from a broad understanding of protected natural areas3. Protected natural areas (PAs) are natural areas allocated for the purpose of nature protection, for which a special regime of nature management and protection has been established (specially protected natural areas, forests of various protection categories, especially protective forest areas, water protection zones and coastal protective strips, sanitary protection zones sources of drinking water supply, protective areas allocated for the protection of wildlife, natural landscapes within the boundaries of historical and cultural museum-reserves, reserved territories, lands of anti-erosion, pasture-protective and field-protective plantations, other lands that perform environmental functions and are classified as lands environmental protection, etc.). In this interpretation, specially protected natural areas are an element of a more general system of protected natural areas.[ ...]
In order to maintain water bodies in a condition that meets environmental requirements, to ensure the protection and rational use of water resources in the course of economic and other activities on the territory of the Russian Federation, the Water Code of the Russian Federation (dated November 16, 1995 No. on water protection zones of water bodies and their coastal strips ” dated November 23, 1996 No. 1404 provides for the establishment of water protection zones and coastal protective strips. Practical work in this direction is carried out by the basin departments of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia, which prepare Lists of water bodies in the region with an indication of their size. The lists are approved by order of the governor.[ ...]
To maintain water bodies in a state that meets environmental requirements, excludes pollution, clogging and depletion of surface waters and preserves the habitat of animals and plants, water protection zones are organized. They are territories adjacent to the water area of rivers, reservoirs and other surface water bodies; they establish a special regime for the use and protection of natural resources, as well as the implementation of other activities. Within these zones, coastal protective strips are established, where it is not allowed to plow the land, cut down forests, place farms, etc.[ ...]
Particular attention should be paid to the special justification for the designation of the WT in Cheboksary, the creation of artificial watercourses and reservoirs as protected objects, settling ponds for wastewater, etc. Due to the fact that the natural waters of Cheboksary are characterized by a high degree of pollution, their rehabilitation is necessary. This is a set of impacts on natural waters and other components of the ecosystem in order to restore the latter's lost properties and qualities (Orlov, Chernogaeva, 1999). Inside the Cheboksary WZ, a coastal protective strip with the most stringent regime should be singled out, although this measure will cause a negative attitude on the part of the owners of summer cottages and garages located in the valleys of small rivers. This should not frighten us, since it is the river valleys that are the ecological framework for the city. The VZ in Cheboksary must be observed not only for open natural channels, but also for canals, watercourses in pipes, collectors, embankments, etc. Therefore, when arranging embankments, drainage and filters should be arranged in their soles to ensure hydraulic connection of groundwater and surface water. In addition, such a connection always arises when trying to backfill streams and ravines, divert a channel, etc. In this case, under-channel flows and other groundwater are formed, which should also be taken into account when arranging the air intake. It is obvious that it is unacceptable to discharge untreated storm and melt water into the hydrographic network of the city, from where they then enter the Cheboksary reservoir.[ ...]
Mole alloy, with its simplicity, has disadvantages. Significant losses of wood associated with the release of logs on the banks and especially with their flooding. Deciduous species sink and get wet most quickly: birch, aspen, maple, etc. Mole rafting affects the natural state of rivers and causes great damage to fisheries. Sunken wood and bark litter the channel, and when they decompose, oxygen is absorbed and harmful substances are released that poison the water. Floating logs often injure spawning fish, destroy spawning grounds and banks, which contributes to the silting of the channel. To facilitate the management of timber rafting, the coastal protective strip of shrubs is usually cut down, which leads to intensive erosion of the banks, contributes to the siltation of channels and water pollution by surface runoff.[ ...]
Administrative responsibility for water offenses. Perhaps, in the course of the administrative reform, this part of the Russian legislation (except for the introduction of general elements of environmental offenses) has undergone the greatest changes. The legislator decided not only to significantly expand the list of elements of water offenses, but also used legal techniques to the maximum extent when formulating the features of the subject and the objective side, trying to specify them. So, in the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses are contained in Part 1 of Art. 7.2 compositions for the destruction or damage of observation regime wells for groundwater, observation regime sites at water bodies, water management or water protection information signs, signs defining the boundaries of coastal protective strips and water protection zones of a water body; in Art. 7.6 - compositions of unauthorized occupation of a water body or part of it and their use without a permit (license) or without an agreement or in violation of the terms of a permit (license), agreement; in Art. 7.7 - composition of damage to a hydraulic, water management, water protection structure, device or installation; in Art. 7.8 - compositions of unauthorized occupation of a land plot of a coastal protective strip, a water protection zone of a water body or a zone (district) of sanitary protection of sources of drinking and household water supply; in Art. 7.10 - compositions of unauthorized assignment of the right to use a water body and unauthorized exchange of a water body; in Art. 8.12 - compositions of violation of the procedure for allotment of land plots, the procedure for granting forests for use in water protection zones and coastal strips of water bodies, violation of the regime for their use; in Art.[ ...]
In 1999-2000 when checking the implementation of water legislation (due to pollution of the water area by insufficiently cleaned and polluted wastewater), more than 5.6 thousand violations were identified, for which 2360 persons were brought to various types of legal liability as a result of 1912 submissions by prosecutors, and 42 illegal legal act. Prosecutorial inspections established that in the zone of the Ivankovskoye reservoir - the main source of drinking water supply for the city of Moscow, from which 6 million cubic meters are supplied per day. m of water for the capital, no more than 20% of treatment facilities are actually functioning, while more than 100 million cubic meters are annually supplied from the territories of enterprises and 27 settlements. m of wastewater, half of which is not treated to the standard level. Employees of the prosecutor's office have achieved the repair of treatment facilities at 12 enterprises, the commissioning of treatment facilities with a capacity of 2000 cubic meters. m at the Zavidovskaya poultry farm, moving 14 objects from the banks of the reservoir, including 4 livestock complexes, about 40 objects, at the request of the prosecutor's office, passed the state environmental review, more than 200 violations were stopped, in particular, unauthorized construction in a 15-meter coastal protective strip, unauthorized construction of berths and boathouses, etc., the unauthorized construction of more than 30 cottages, the Zeleny Bor settlement for 300 houses, nine lawsuits for the demolition of unauthorized buildings have been filed in court, of which five have already been satisfied.
Water protection zones are territories adjacent to the coastline (boundaries of a water body) of seas, rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs and on which a special regime for economic and other activities is established in order to prevent pollution, clogging, siltation of these water bodies and depletion their waters, as well as the preservation of the habitat of aquatic biological resources and other objects of the animal and plant world.
2. Within the boundaries of water protection zones, coastal protective strips are established, on the territories of which additional restrictions on economic and other activities are introduced.
3. Outside the territories of cities and other settlements, the width of the water protection zone of rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs and the width of their coastal protective strip are established from the location of the corresponding coastline (boundary of the water body), and the width of the water protection zone of the seas and the width of their coastal protective stripes - from the line of maximum tide. In the presence of centralized stormwater drainage systems and embankments, the boundaries of the coastal protective strips of these water bodies coincide with the parapets of the embankments, the width of the water protection zone in such areas is set from the parapet of the embankment.
4. The width of the water protection zone of rivers or streams is established from their source for rivers or streams with a length of:
1) up to ten kilometers - in the amount of fifty meters;
2) from ten to fifty kilometers - in the amount of one hundred meters;
3) from fifty kilometers and more - in the amount of two hundred meters.
5. For a river, a stream with a length of less than ten kilometers from the source to the mouth, the water protection zone coincides with the coastal protective strip. The radius of the water protection zone for the sources of the river, stream is set at fifty meters.
6. The width of the water protection zone of a lake, reservoir, with the exception of a lake located inside a swamp, or a lake, reservoir with a water area of less than 0.5 square kilometer, is set at fifty meters. The width of the water protection zone of a reservoir located on a watercourse is set equal to the width of the water protection zone of this watercourse.
7. The boundaries of the water protection zone of Lake Baikal are established in accordance with the Federal Law of May 1, 1999 N 94-FZ "On the Protection of Lake Baikal".
8. The width of the water protection zone of the sea is five hundred meters.
9. The water protection zones of the main or inter-farm canals coincide in width with the right-of-way of such canals.
10. Water protection zones of rivers, their parts placed in closed collectors, are not established.
11. The width of the coastal protective strip is set depending on the slope of the shore of the water body and is thirty meters for a reverse or zero slope, forty meters for a slope of up to three degrees and fifty meters for a slope of three or more degrees.
12. For flowing and waste lakes located within the boundaries of marshes and corresponding watercourses, the width of the coastal protective strip is set at fifty meters.
13. The width of the coastal protective strip of a river, lake, reservoir of especially valuable fishery importance (spawning, feeding, wintering grounds for fish and other aquatic biological resources) is set at two hundred meters, regardless of the slope of adjacent lands.
14. In the territories of settlements, in the presence of centralized stormwater drainage systems and embankments, the boundaries of coastal protective strips coincide with the parapets of embankments. The width of the water protection zone in such areas is set from the embankment parapet. In the absence of an embankment, the width of the water protection zone, the coastal protective strip is measured from the location of the coastline (boundary of the water body).
15. Within the boundaries of water protection zones, it is prohibited:
2) placement of cemeteries, animal burial grounds, facilities for the disposal of production and consumption waste, chemical, explosive, toxic, toxic and poisonous substances, radioactive waste disposal sites;
4) movement and parking of vehicles (except for special vehicles), with the exception of their movement on roads and parking on roads and in specially equipped places with a hard surface;
Information about changes:
Federal Law No. 282-FZ of October 21, 2013 supplemented Part 15 of Article 65 of this Code with Item 5
5) location of petrol stations, warehouses of fuels and lubricants (except for cases when petrol stations, warehouses of fuels and lubricants are located in the territories of ports, shipbuilding and ship repair organizations, infrastructure of inland waterways, subject to compliance with the requirements of legislation in the field of environmental protection and of this Code), service stations used for technical inspection and repair of vehicles, washing of vehicles;
Information about changes:
Federal Law No. 282-FZ of October 21, 2013 supplemented Part 15 of Article 65 of this Code with Item 6
6) placement of specialized storage facilities for pesticides and agrochemicals, use of pesticides and agrochemicals;
Information about changes:
Federal Law No. 282-FZ of October 21, 2013 supplemented Part 15 of Article 65 of this Code with Item 7
7) discharge of sewage, including drainage, water;
Information about changes:
Federal Law No. 282-FZ of October 21, 2013 supplemented Part 15 of Article 65 of this Code with Item 8
8) exploration and production of common minerals (with the exception of cases where exploration and production of common minerals are carried out by subsoil users engaged in exploration and production of other types of minerals, within the boundaries granted to them in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on the subsoil of mining allotments and (or ) geological allotments on the basis of an approved technical design in accordance with Article 19.1 of the Law of the Russian Federation of February 21, 1992 N 2395-I "On Subsoil").
16. Within the boundaries of water protection zones, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation of economic and other facilities are allowed, provided that such facilities are equipped with facilities that ensure the protection of water facilities from pollution, clogging, silting and depletion of water in accordance with water legislation and legislation in the field of environmental protection. The choice of the type of structure that ensures the protection of a water body from pollution, clogging, silting and depletion of water is carried out taking into account the need to comply with the standards for permissible discharges of pollutants, other substances and microorganisms established in accordance with environmental protection legislation. For the purposes of this article, structures that ensure the protection of water bodies from pollution, clogging, silting and depletion of water are understood to mean:
1) centralized water disposal systems (sewerage), centralized storm water disposal systems;
2) structures and systems for diverting (discharging) wastewater into centralized water disposal systems (including rain, melt, infiltration, watering and drainage waters), if they are designed to receive such waters;
3) local treatment facilities for wastewater treatment (including rainwater, meltwater, infiltration, irrigation and drainage water), ensuring their purification based on the standards established in accordance with the requirements of legislation in the field of environmental protection and this Code;
