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When pathologies associated with teeth occur, as with other health problems, it is important to notice and treat them in time. Today we'll talk about dentistry. If the neck of a tooth is exposed, what should you do? Of course, this problem cannot be ignored under any circumstances. After all, without treatment, in the near future it may happen that you will avoid showing your teeth when smiling.
What is the danger of exposing the neck of a tooth?
Why is the neck of the tooth exposed? What to do in such cases? This causes the following problems:
Of course, all this is very unpleasant. However, it could be even worse. Pathology weakens the connections between the teeth and gums, causing them to become loose and eventually begin to fall out.
Causes
Let's find out why the neck of the tooth was exposed? What to do if such a diagnosis is made? Most often, the cause of this problem is improper care. Moreover, the person brushes his teeth regularly. It happens that the number of procedures, on the contrary, is excessive. And this is very bad for teeth.
When proper care is not provided, periodontitis or gingivitis can develop. When brushing your teeth with a brush that has too stiff bristles and too strong movements, gums may be injured. These actions are even more likely to aggravate the situation if a person has certain anatomical features:
However, there are other reasons. For example, not correct treatment in a dental clinic. If the mucous membrane is injured due to bad crowns or fillings, this can provoke a disease. Soft dentures are also harmful because the chewing load with them is distributed unevenly, which is why the gums eventually recede.
So, you provided your teeth with proper care, but suddenly the neck of the tooth became exposed. What to do in this case? Exist different ways fight this disease. Let's look at each of them.
Sealing
Dentists assure that such treatment will be effective, but only if the problem has just appeared and a wedge-shaped defect has not yet formed. Otherwise, if you fill a tooth at an advanced stage of the disease, the filling may simply fall off. As a result, caries will develop at the root.
Remineralization
The procedure is painless. During this procedure, a preparation containing calcium is applied to the enamel. As a result, it becomes stronger and tooth loss is prevented. A healthy shine returns to your teeth. Remineralization lasts only 7-10 minutes. But for the effect to remain stable, it is necessary to carry out a whole course of such procedures.
Fluoridation
This procedure is similar to the previous method, but in this case it involves the application of gels and varnishes that contain fluoride. There are two types of fluoridation: deep and simple. In the latter case, penetration deep into the pores is not provided. However, the neck of the tooth is gradually restored, and the sensitivity of the enamel to taste irritants and hot or cold foods decreases.
Installation of veneers
What to do when the neck of the tooth is very exposed? What to do? The photo illustrates the advanced stage
A suitable option is to install a veneer. It is a thin plate that is applied to the surface, thereby hiding the defect. However, in order to fix it, it is necessary to cut off the enamel layer.
Installation of crowns
In the most severe case, when the neck of the tooth is most exposed and hurts, recession is treated with a crown. However, this method is used very rarely if other means seem ineffective. After all, to install a crown you will need to grind the tooth.
Plastic
All more people if this problem exists, resort to surgery. To carry it out, the oral cavity is thoroughly cleansed and sanitized. Only ten days after the preparatory procedures, one of the following methods is used.
- The lateral flap is used when there is a small localized area and sufficient quantity donor tissue. The result is a perfect match.
- A trapezoidal tissue flap can be used both for a local problem and for the treatment of generalized lesions. Donor material is also needed here.
- Mucosal graft. In this case, the fence is taken from hard palate, so the fabric may end up slightly different, and you may feel discomfort when taking it.
- Coronal transfer of donor tissue can be used with a small palatal graft if there is insufficient material. Then the fabric from the sky will remain almost invisible.
Surgery for local recession is performed under local anesthesia, and in the case of generalized recession, general anesthesia is used.
Folk remedies
But there are other treatment methods besides going to the dentist if the neck of the tooth is exposed. What to do at home? Traditional methods there is a lot to combat this problem. Let's look at some of them.
- A special massage is given for the gums. To do this, they are stroked and then lightly pressed. It is best to use a special brush. And if there is none, then massage is done directly with your finger. It’s good to add mint essential oil to your gums.
- If the neck of a tooth is exposed, what should you do? Folk remedies in most cases help to cope with the problem early stage development. Will be quite effective medicinal rinses. To do this, prepare a decoction of St. John's wort or oak bark. Put 2-3 tablespoons of herb per three hundred grams of water, boil for several minutes, cool, filter and rinse your mouth.
- People say that plantain is a cure for all diseases. And for good reason. It is also suitable for dental treatment. The leaves need to be kept in for a couple of hours. cold water so that they can be cleansed. Then they are divided into pieces and chewed for a quarter of an hour. The procedure is repeated once every two days.
- Another effective remedy made from banana peels and salt. The peel should be dried, crushed and mixed with two tablespoons of salt, then add olive oil and stir until creamy. The mixture should be kept on the gums for at least ten minutes. The procedure should be carried out 3-4 times a week.
- Beets can cure periodontal disease, which is the cause of exposed teeth. The procedure is extremely simple: grate the beets, apply them to the teeth and leave them for at least thirty minutes. Such manipulations are repeated daily for two weeks.
- Also in pharmacies you can purchase special ointments for teeth made on the basis medicinal herbs. Their use will help relieve inflammation and
Do not panic if the neck of the tooth under the crown is exposed. The dentist will tell you what to do in this case, and you should contact him immediately. Folk remedies are used only to relieve pain if necessary. But only a specialist can provide qualified assistance.
Exposure of the neck of the tooth (wedge-shaped syndrome, recession) is an alarming sign. The reason that the teeth are exposed may be poor hygiene, a bad brush, the specifics of the bite and other pathologies. The main symptom of cervical exposure is discomfort when eating. Look at yourself in the mirror - the “slipped” gum can be seen with the naked eye.
Such a disease is a reversible process, but it never goes away on its own and requires the participation of a specialist. If you do not consult a dentist in time, the problem may develop until the roots are exposed. How to treat exposed tooth neck - read on.
Why does the neck of the tooth become exposed?
If the neck of a tooth is exposed, this often indicates either poor oral hygiene or the presence of diseases of the internal organs. This problem is especially relevant for older people, but sometimes young people also suffer from it.
The main condition for successful recovery is to consult a doctor on time. The dentist will diagnose the problem, identify the causes and recommend drug treatment, which can be combined with folk remedies.
In fact, the reasons for the exposure of the neck of the tooth can lie very deep, and therefore, along with visiting a doctor, it is better to make an appointment with a gastroenterologist. The main thing to remember is that the sooner you start treatment, the less expensive and painful it will be.
How to recognize the disease
When the neck of a tooth is exposed, they complain of:
The dentist diagnoses why teeth are exposed during examination. Between the crown of the tooth and the periodontal area there is a small yellow area - this is cement that covers the neck and covers the roots. It is much more sensitive than enamel, hence the unpleasant sensations. At the same time, the enamel does not change color - the tint is given by yellowish cement.
In advanced conditions, exposure of the neck of the tooth leads to problems such as exposed roots, their caries, the appearance of a wedge-shaped defect, and chipping of teeth. The final stage of the disease leads to their loss; to prevent this from happening, you will need to undergo treatment from a specialist.
Having diagnosed why your gums are becoming bare, your doctor will identify the causes and may recommend the following treatment:
Sometimes an implant surgeon can deal with the problem of exposed dental necks. This is possible if the disease involves damage to the mucous membrane. To treat it, a surgical intervention is performed, when a piece of connective tissue taken from the patient’s palate is implanted under the tooth. This method allows you to make the gum thicker and cover the exposed roots. On final stage one suture is applied. A week later, the patient comes back for an appointment so that the doctor checks the condition of the transplant. As a rule, during this time there is a slight hyperemia of the gums. Next, you will need to visit the doctor again, but after 6 months as a prevention of recession and to check how quickly the recovery is progressing.
Traditional methods of treatment
For treatment wedge-shaped syndrome You can even use folk remedies. But it is better to do this after you have been examined by a specialist, because the methods described below are only suitable as prevention, but not the only treatment.
Let's present the traditional treatment for gum recession in the form of a table.
If the neck of a tooth is exposed, what should you do?
When pathologies associated with teeth occur, as with other health problems, it is important to notice and treat them in time. Today we'll talk about dentistry. If the neck of a tooth is exposed, what should you do? Of course, this problem cannot be ignored under any circumstances. After all, without treatment, in the near future it may happen that you will avoid showing your teeth when smiling.
What is the danger of exposing the neck of a tooth?
Why is the neck of the tooth exposed? What to do in such cases? Receding gums cause the following problems:
Of course, all this is very unpleasant. However, it could be even worse. Pathology weakens the connections between the teeth and gums, causing them to become loose and eventually begin to fall out.
Let's find out why the neck of the tooth was exposed? What to do if such a diagnosis is made? Most often, the cause of this problem is improper care. Moreover, the person brushes his teeth regularly. It happens that the number of procedures, on the contrary, is excessive. And this is very bad for teeth.
When proper care is not provided, periodontitis or gingivitis can develop. When brushing your teeth with a brush with too hard bristles and using too strong movements, your gums can be injured. These actions are even more likely to aggravate the situation if a person has certain anatomical features:
- the roots of his teeth are very close to the gums;
- there is a thin biotype of the mucosa, when there is very little connective tissue, and even the smallest injury can cause atrophy;
- If the frenulum and cords are attached abnormally, the weakened tissue may droop.
- A lateral flap is used when there is a small localized area and a sufficient amount of donor tissue. The result is a perfect match.
- A trapezoidal tissue flap can be used both for a local problem and for the treatment of generalized lesions. Donor material is also needed here.
- Mucosal graft. In this case, the fence is taken from the hard palate, so the fabric may end up slightly different, and you may feel discomfort when taking it.
- Coronal transfer of donor tissue can be used with a small palatal graft if there is insufficient material. Then the fabric from the sky will remain almost invisible.
- A special massage is given for the gums. To do this, they are stroked and then lightly pressed. It is best to use a special brush. And if there is none, then massage is done directly with your finger. It’s good to add mint essential oil to your gums.
- If the neck of a tooth is exposed, what should you do? Folk remedies in most cases help to cope with the problem at an early stage of development. Therapeutic rinses will be quite effective. To do this, prepare a decoction of St. John's wort or oak bark. Put 2-3 tablespoons of herb per three hundred grams of water, boil for several minutes, cool, filter and rinse your mouth.
- People say that plantain is a cure for all diseases. And for good reason. It is also suitable for dental treatment. The leaves need to be kept in cold water for a couple of hours to clean them. Then they are divided into pieces and chewed for a quarter of an hour. The procedure is repeated once every two days.
- Another effective remedy is made from banana peels and salt. The peel should be dried, crushed and mixed with two tablespoons of salt, then add olive oil and stir until creamy. The mixture should be kept on the gums for at least ten minutes. The procedure should be carried out 3-4 times a week.
- Beets can cure periodontal disease, which is the cause of exposed teeth. The procedure is extremely simple: grate the beets, apply them to the teeth and leave them for at least thirty minutes. Such manipulations are repeated daily for two weeks.
- You can also buy special ointments for teeth made from medicinal herbs in pharmacies. Their use will help relieve inflammation and bleeding of the gums.
- root (located in the alveolus);
- neck (covered by gum);
- crown (protrudes above the gum).
- installation dental filling(this method can only be used in the early stages of gum pathology);
- strengthening tooth enamel by applying a mineral composition.
- the enamel becomes shiny;
- tooth sensitivity decreases.
- ultrasonic cleaning;
- laser cleaning;
- cleaning with Air device Flow.
- stroking;
- medium intensity pressure.
- Increased sensitivity of enamel.
- Bleeding and swelling of the gums.
- Wedge-shaped defect.
- Root caries.
- Brittle teeth, increased risk of chipping.
- lack of proper care leads to the formation of soft microbial plaque and stones, which can result in the development of gingivitis or periodontitis, signs of which include exposed necks of teeth;
- A toothbrush with hard bristles or too intense movements with it cause regular injury to the gums, and then its recession.
However, there are other reasons. For example, improper treatment in a dental clinic. If the mucous membrane is injured due to bad crowns or fillings, this can provoke a disease. Soft dentures are also harmful because the chewing load with them is distributed unevenly, which is why the gums eventually recede.
So, you provided your teeth with proper care, but suddenly the neck of the tooth became exposed. What to do in this case? There are different ways to combat this disease. Let's look at each of them.
Dentists assure that such treatment will be effective, but only if the problem has just appeared and a wedge-shaped defect has not yet formed. Otherwise, if you fill a tooth at an advanced stage of the disease, the filling may simply fall off. As a result, caries will develop at the root.
The procedure is painless. During this procedure, a preparation containing calcium is applied to the enamel. As a result, it becomes stronger and tooth loss is prevented. A healthy shine returns to your teeth. Remineralization lasts only 7-10 minutes. But for the effect to remain stable, it is necessary to carry out a whole course of such procedures.
This procedure is similar to the previous method, but in this case it involves the application of gels and varnishes that contain fluoride. There are two types of fluoridation: deep and simple. In the latter case, penetration deep into the pores is not provided. However, the neck of the tooth is gradually restored, and the sensitivity of the enamel to taste irritants and hot or cold foods decreases.
What to do when the neck of the tooth is very exposed? What to do? The photo illustrates the advanced stage of gum recession.
A suitable option is to install a veneer. It is a thin plate that is applied to the surface, thereby hiding the defect. However, in order to fix it, it is necessary to cut off the enamel layer.
In the most severe case, when the neck of the tooth is most exposed and hurts, recession is treated with a crown. However, this method is used very rarely if other means seem ineffective. After all, to install a crown you will need to grind the tooth.
More and more people are resorting to surgery if they have this problem. To carry it out, the oral cavity is thoroughly cleansed and sanitized. Only ten days after the preparatory procedures, one of the following methods is used.
Surgery for local recession is performed under local anesthesia, and in the case of generalized recession, general anesthesia is used.
But there are other treatment methods besides going to the dentist if the neck of the tooth is exposed. What to do at home? There are many traditional methods to combat this problem. Let's look at some of them.
Do not panic if the neck of the tooth under the crown is exposed. The dentist will tell you what to do in this case, and you should contact him immediately. Folk remedies are used only to relieve pain if necessary. But only a specialist can provide qualified assistance.
How to restore an exposed tooth neck
The health of teeth is characterized not only by the whiteness of their enamel and the absence of caries, although this is also very important.
Exposure of the neck of a tooth is one of the most common problems that causes patients to turn to dental clinics. And, as often happens, the reason for this is insufficient hygiene and care of the teeth and oral cavity.
The tooth consists of three parts:
Normally, the neck is covered by the gum, but when exposed, it (the gum) descends, thereby exposing the neck of the tooth.
Reasons for exposure of the neck of the tooth
According to medical statistics, the necks of teeth can become exposed due to neglect of the rules of oral hygiene.
Lack of proper care can lead to the occurrence of diseases that contribute to the rapid development of the disease:
Carious lesions of the root part can also be the cause of the disease. Like any other formation (for example, tartar), caries contributes to the development of atrophic processes. The teeth become mobile, and the gums no longer securely fix them. Due to untimely treatment of caries, the necks of the teeth become exposed.
Incorrect positioning of the teeth can lead to injury to the gums, which results in displacement of the gums and subsequent exposure of the neck.
Diseases of internal organs
Frequent heartburn increases the acidity of saliva, which is main reason destruction of enamel.
To save their patients from the disease, dentists prefer to treat the disease in one of the following ways:
In order to protect the tooth from loss, the doctor applies a special composition enriched with calcium to its exposed neck and enamel. The procedure is aimed at replenishing its deficiency and strengthening it from the outside:
For treatment to have positive results, the doctor must prescribe a whole course of remineralization procedures. Their number depends on the severity of the disease.
Fluoridation of tooth enamel
Dentists recommend fluoridation for those patients whose illness is at an advanced stage. Treatment with fluoride-containing drugs helps to cope with visible defects. To ensure that the exposed neck stops bothering the patient, deep fluoridation of the enamel is prescribed.
Cleaning tooth enamel in a clinical setting is a procedure professional care behind the oral cavity. This is done in several ways:
Professional cleaning helps get rid of tartar and also gently whitens the enamel. Doctors recommend doing it at least 2 times a year.
To perform a strengthening massage, the following manipulations must be performed on the surface of the gums:
To enhance the effect, you can use oils known for their antibacterial properties(citrus, eucalyptus and mint oils).
Treatment with folk remedies involves regular rinsing of the mouth with medicinal infusions. You can make them at home: chop St. John's wort, place it in a container, and then fill it with high-quality vodka. Leave for 7 days, and then use in the following proportions: 30-50 drops of medicine per 1 glass warm water. Rinse your mouth with the resulting solution several times a day.
In order to prevent the disease, doctors advise regularly making gum compresses from healthy oils:
Treatment with folk remedies can be effective, but medical practice There are many cases when the patient experienced allergic reactions. For this reason, it is strongly recommended to consult a doctor before using alternative medicine measures.
And finally short video about how you can do enamel fluoridation without visiting dentistry:
tvoystomatolog.com
Dental pathologies never go away on their own: they need to be noticed and promptly shown to the dentist. Especially if there is receding gums. Exposing the necks of teeth is an alarming symptom, if you ignore it, you can very soon forget about the once beautiful smile. Why does the gum “slide” off the tooth? How to recover?
Exposing the necks of teeth: why is it bad?
There are several reasons why it is not recommended to stay at home for a long time with exposed teeth. Among the most common " side effects» receding gums:
Naturally, the above-mentioned moments extremely spoil life, but this is not the limit. In advanced cases, the pathological process leads to such a strong weakening of the dentogingival joints that the tooth begins to loosen and sooner or later falls out.
Exposure of the neck of the tooth: reasons
The main factor that causes receding gums is improper oral care. Moreover, hygiene procedures can be carried out both in insufficient quantities and in excessive quantities - both are harmful to the teeth:
The situation can be aggravated by some anatomical features of the patient:
- The root is located so close to the gum that the layer of bone tissue between them is very thin. It turns out that the gum does not lie on the bone, but on the root of the tooth.
- The oral mucosa belongs to a thin biotype, which is characterized by a small amount of connective tissue. If the gums are thin, then even the slightest injury can lead to their atrophy.
- The presence of abnormally attached frenulums and cords, which leads to weakened tissues being pulled away from the teeth.
In addition to the above reasons, incorrectly performed dental treatment. Poorly fitted crowns and fillings often injure the mucous membrane, thereby triggering a destructive process. Soft dentures are also harmful: they unevenly distribute the chewing load and lead to receding gums.
Depending on the stage of development of the pathological process, the doctor may suggest one of the following treatment tactics:
If the main reason for the exposure of the necks of the teeth is a thin biotype of the mucous membrane, then the situation can be corrected by an experienced implant surgeon. An operation is performed during which, using a tunnel technique, a flap of connective tissue taken from the patient’s palate is implanted under the gum. This graft thickens the gum and, if necessary, covers the exposed root. To “fix” the result, only one seam is required.
The patient comes back for an appointment after 7 days. At this visit, the doctor must make sure that the graft has taken root normally. Usually, the consequences of the intervention do not go away within a week, and slight hyperemia of the gums is observed. This is a completely normal phenomenon, indicating the active formation of the vascular system in the operated area.
The next “safety net” visit to the doctor occurs six months later. Its main goal is to check how much the gums have recovered and whether there is a risk of relapse of recession.
It is very important that after completion of treatment, the dentist explains to the patient the basic rules of oral care. After all, if a person continues to mercilessly injure his gums with a brush, then what was the point in therapy?
Folk remedies for exposing the neck of a tooth
Treating gum recession at home is an extremely risky endeavor. No one can guarantee that traditional medicine will cope with such a difficult task for it; in the meantime, the patient will lose valuable time and will not receive timely treatment from a doctor.
However, such methods are widely used to get rid of bare necks tooth:
You should also purchase special medicinal pastes, intended for sensitive teeth, and use mouthwash regularly.
Gum recession – danger sign the destructive process that has begun. You should not expect improvements: you can only get rid of the symptom with the help of a doctor.
The neck of the tooth is exposed
If your teeth have become too sensitive, you can't safely drink hot drinks or eat ice cream, and your gums bleed when brushing your teeth, the problem may be that the neck of the tooth is exposed. Healthy teeth are strong and white, firmly “sit” in the gums, only the crown of the tooth remains outside, and the neck and root should be hidden deep in the gums, but sometimes the neck of the teeth begins to become exposed, and the edge of the gum moves away. This can cause a number of dental diseases and even lead to the loss of a healthy tooth, so everyone needs to know why the neck of the tooth is exposed and how to deal with it.
The neck of the tooth is exposed - symptoms and signs
The process of exposing the neck of the teeth occurs very slowly, most often the patient cannot say when the first signs of the disease appeared, and he is forced to see a doctor either by a cosmetic defect that someone else noticed or problems with teeth that arise due to the exposure of the neck . Most often, this pathology occurs in people over 40 years of age who do not pay due attention to the condition of their oral cavity and strongly trigger the disease. It is quite difficult to notice the gradual exposure of the neck of a tooth, but the disease can be diagnosed by the following signs:
- increased sensitivity of teeth - teeth begin to react to foods that are too cold, hot, sour or sweet. This is due to the fact that the cement covering the neck of the gums is much more sensitive than the enamel of the crowns of the teeth;
- bleeding and swelling of the gums is another characteristic feature- the appearance of blood when brushing your teeth, bloody “prints” on a bitten apple and the inability to eat something hard without pain in the gums;
- discoloration of teeth - due to the difference in color between the white enamel of the crowns and the yellowish cement of the necks of the teeth, the teeth appear darker;
- visual increase in interdental spaces - exposed necks of the teeth create the illusion that the distance between the teeth has become larger;
- teeth become visually larger, and gums move back.
It is not difficult for dentists to establish a diagnosis of exposed tooth neck; a simple examination of the oral cavity is sufficient. But determining the cause of the onset of the disease and choosing the appropriate treatment is much more difficult.
Exposure of the neck of a tooth can occur for a variety of reasons:
1. Insufficient oral care, poor nutrition and bad habits - improper care of teeth and gums, rare visits to the dentist, abuse of sweets, carbonated drinks and smoking causes the accumulation of bacteria in the oral cavity, gradually plaque turns into tartar, teeth begin to decay, and the neck of the teeth is exposed. This is the most common reason similar pathology in older people.
2. Excessive interest in cosmetic procedures– too intensive brushing of teeth, frequent whitening and tartar removal dental procedures can also negatively affect the health of gums and tooth enamel. Constant injury to the gums leads to the fact that the edge simply “wears off”, exposing the neck of the tooth.
3. Anatomical features of the structure of the oral cavity - malocclusion, short bridle and other structural features of the oral cavity, not corrected in time, cause the development of gingivitis, periodontitis and, as a consequence, exposure of the neck of the tooth.
4. Carious cavities– untreated carious teeth turn into a constant source of infection in the oral cavity; due to the accumulation of bacteria, the risk of developing periodontitis and gingivitis increases, which can expose the neck of the tooth.
5. Chronic diseases of internal organs - diseases gastrointestinal tract and endocrine pathologies such as diabetes and hypothyroidism, cause metabolic disorders, which causes oral dysbiosis and various dental problems.
6. Stress, chronic fatigue and vitamin deficiency - constant irritation, lack of sleep and decreased immunity causes many diseases, including diseases of the oral cavity.
Exposure of the neck of the tooth: treatment
Modern dentistry makes it possible to stop the pathological process of exposure of the neck of the tooth at almost any stage of the disease. Determining the exact cause of the disease is of great importance, since without eliminating it, the effect of therapy will be temporary.
If the patient has not yet formed a large wedge-shaped defect, that is, the neck of the tooth is not completely exposed, he is prescribed a series therapeutic activities:
- thorough cleaning of the oral cavity;
— use of special medicinal desensitizing pastes and professional toothbrushes;
- rinsing the mouth with anti-inflammatory solutions.
Treatment is required concomitant diseases: periodontal disease and gingivitis. The tartar is cleaned and full treatment all carious teeth in the oral cavity. If necessary, malocclusion or short frenulum is corrected.
If all of the above treatment measures are not enough, use special methods:
- remineralization of enamel - the surface of the teeth is treated with special fluoride-containing preparations, due to which mineral composition tooth enamel is restored and teeth become less sensitive. The procedure is considered one of the safest and most painless - a special gel or other medicine is applied to pre-cleaned teeth;
- fluoridation of enamel - the procedure resembles the previous one, but affects the deeper layers of tooth enamel;
— laser cleaning – allows you to get rid of tartar, helps with minor defects in gum tissue;
— filling a wedge-shaped defect is a rather complex method of treatment, since due to its specific shape, filling the exposed neck of a tooth can be very difficult;
— installation of veneer is one of the most effective, but expensive methods. A veneer is a ceramic coating that completely hides the front surface of the tooth and the wedge-shaped defect, leaving the teeth looking straight, white and healthy. By installing veneers, the chewing load on the teeth is reduced, but due to the fragility of the coating itself, they have to be changed quite often and new ones installed;
- installation of an artificial crown - just like veneers, completely hides a tooth defect and is the most effective method of treating advanced cases of exposed tooth neck. The only drawback of the procedure, besides the price, is that installing a crown damages healthy tooth tissue, which can be destroyed as a result of the procedure.
Exposure of the neck of a tooth in the early stages can be cured without special problems , so you should pay attention to the condition of your teeth and gums and do not forget about preventive visits to the dentist.
Exposure of the neck of the tooth: causes and treatment
Any pathology in the oral cavity requires the closest attention, since advanced diseases of the teeth, gums and other structures of the oral cavity can lead to dangerous complications. Is no exception gum recession or, more simply put, exposure of the neck of the tooth- Let's understand the reasons and get acquainted with the methods of treating this pathology.
Symptoms of the disease
Normally, the tooth is surrounded by round, even ridges of gums that hide its neck and upper part of the roots. When gum recession occurs, the soft tissue mass around the tooth base decreases, resulting in exposure of the neck of the tooth down to the roots.
Patients express a variety of complaints with this disease:
Why the neck of the tooth is exposed, reasons
There are many reasons for tooth root exposure, since in the vast majority of cases this pathology is one of the symptoms of some other disease. All circumstances due to which gums expose teeth can be divided into several groups.
Improper hygiene
If, during a hygiene procedure, excessive force is applied and the bristles are pressed not across the surface of the tooth, but at an angle towards the gum, damage to the cortical plate may occur. As a result, it becomes thinner, the blood supply to the gums deteriorates, and their volume decreases - the gums seem to recede from the tooth.
Due to the disturbance in the distribution of the chewing load, some teeth do not experience chewing pressure. This negatively affects the periodontium, which begins to degrade. People with crowded teeth, a shallow vestibule of the mouth, and a highly fixed frenulum most often complain that their tooth root is exposed.
Inflammatory and dystrophic periodontal lesions
The most common diseases from this group are periodontitis and periodontal disease. Receipt violation nutrients to the tooth due to inflammation or improper treatment can lead to changes in the level of the gums and exposure of the cervical part of the tooth.
Exposure of the tooth root can occur due to certain medical procedures:
Subgingival pathological deposits lead to the fact that the gums peel off from the dental neck and root, exposing them. After this, the nutrition of the gingival mucosa deteriorates and its involution occurs - reduction.
Diagnostic measures
Treatment of exposed tooth roots is carried out only after a thorough diagnosis - it is necessary to find out the cause of mucosal recession. Diagnostic measures include examination of the oral cavity by a dentist and a number of instrumental studies. During the examination, the doctor assesses how exposed the teeth are at the gums - the depth and width of the recession is recorded.
An X-ray of the jaw is necessary in order to assess the height of the interdental septa and the degree of destruction of the cortical plates. IN certain situations the change in structures is so advanced that it makes it difficult to treat exposed tooth roots.
It is necessary to evaluate the bleeding index, since if the neck of the tooth is exposed with increased bleeding, it is necessary to treat a disorder in the coagulation system, and only then the recession.
Inspection and X-ray picture allow you to set the recession class:
Treatment of exposed tooth neck near the gums
In the treatment of an exposed tooth neck, both therapeutic techniques and a surgical approach are used. The problem of receding gingival mucosa during class 1 or 2 recession is solved by simply teaching a person how to properly clean the mouth. If the neck of a tooth with an artificial crown is exposed, treatment consists of re-prosthetics - in 80% of cases this solves the problem.
In case of symptomatic recession, the underlying disease is treated first - anti-inflammatory therapy is carried out. Reducing inflammation allows the sagging mucous membrane to recover faster and grow faster. Closure of the exposed neck and roots is achieved due to the regenerative ability of tissues.
Surgery
For class 3 or 4 recession with severe receding gums, only surgical treatment is effective. Held curative operation to cover the root structures with a gingival flap or an autograft from the palate. The flap is placed in the area of the defect, reducing its area, and sutured to the surrounding tissues with sutures.
With mild prolapse, it is possible to treat the exposed neck of the tooth with folk remedies, but only after consulting a doctor.
Treatment of exposed tooth neck with folk remedies
At home, using only folk remedies, it is impossible to cure tooth root exposure. You can only help the gum recover and close the exposed neck. To do this, it is recommended to use the following folk recipes:
Gum recession can be treated at home long time. If it is ineffective or if any complications develop, it is recommended to immediately consult a dentist.
Preventive actions
If your gums recede and expose tooth roots, you need to start as early as possible. preventive actions. Their essence lies in scrupulously observing the rules of oral hygiene. You should learn how to use it correctly toothbrush without injuring soft fabrics. Regular removal of tartar is recommended.
With gingival recession, the prognosis for recovery is relatively favorable - if eliminated primary cause 95% of patients recover. The remaining 5% even when used surgical treatment relapses occur, so the treatment regimen needs to be changed.
The most favorable prognosis is for grade 1 and 2 gum recession, since restoration can be achieved without surgery; in grades 3 and 4, it is almost impossible to close the defect without surgical treatment.
Features of treatment of exposed tooth neck
The exposure of the tooth root occurs due to the drying out of the gum tissue. Such pathologies are a serious reason to visit the dentist. If not treated in a timely manner, exposure of the neck of the tooth leads to loss of dental crowns. How to treat pathology and what are the causes of the disease?
Treatment for exposure of the neck of the tooth is prescribed only after it has been clarified the real reason pathological phenomenon. If the reason is the presence of too much hard plaque, the first step is to remove it. The rate of soft tissue healing will depend on the patient's age. If the cause is mechanical damage, periodontal therapy is performed and the patient is advised on proper oral care.
Exposing the neck of the tooth
What to do if the neck of the tooth is exposed? Treatment of exposed tooth roots occurs in several stages:
Apply and surgical method treatment. You can have plastic or flap surgery. Such methods involve covering the exposed area with local tissue. In advanced cases, a clasp prosthesis is used, which is installed in place of the removed root. Surgery is only indicated when therapeutic treatment will not have the desired effect.
Treatment will be selected depending on the cause of the exposure of the neck of the tooth. One of the reasons is vitamin deficiency. In this case, remineralization is carried out with calcium-containing preparations. The duration of the course is determined by the dentist. Saturation with calcium helps prevent further destruction of enamel and tooth loss.
Fluoridation of dental coating
Fluoridation of dental coating involves the use of special varnishes and gels that are applied to the teeth. The procedure is similar to the one described above. During fluoridation, strengthening occurs from the inside. The procedure helps restore the dental neck, reducing the sensitivity of dental crowns to mechanical irritants.
Advanced wedge-shaped effect is treated by installing veneers. This procedure makes it possible to completely eliminate the problem. A thin plate of ceramic material, called a veneer, is placed on the tooth to hide the defects. The only drawback of this procedure is that before installing the veneer, a layer of your own tooth covering must be filed away.
If treatment by other methods is useless, they resort to installing a crown on the tooth. This option involves partially grinding down the dental crown. When the cause of recession is thinning of the mucosal tissues, only an implant surgeon can provide assistance. A flap of soft tissue is transplanted.
Treatment of gum recession with fibrin membrane
The material is taken from the patient's palate and implanted under the gum. This method allows you to strengthen the gum itself and cover the exposed root. After a week, they check whether the transplanted tissue has taken root. Within a week, all the consequences of the surgical intervention do not completely disappear, and mild hyperemia is observed. This phenomenon indicates the active formation of connecting vessels. The next scheduled examination of the operated gum is scheduled in six months.
Upon completion of treatment, all rules for preventing relapse of recession must be followed.
Factors causing tooth exposure and symptomatic picture
In a healthy mouth, only the crowns of the teeth are visible. Influenced various factors the root may be exposed due to shortening of the gums. Symptoms of a pathological disorder:
The reasons for tooth root exposure can be mechanical, due to improper care behind the oral cavity or in case of violations of the integrity of the gums foreign objects. In progress improper cleaning Most often the front visible part of the teeth and gums are affected. Inflammation of the gums leads to expansion of periodontal pockets and rupture of the alveolar processes, which in turn leads to loosening of dental crowns and complete tooth loss.
Advanced periodontal disease leads to tooth loss
The next cause of tooth root exposure is periodontal disease. Pathologies in the structure of the jaws cause excessive pressure from teeth on soft tissues, which over time leads to a decrease in gum volume. With age, with physiological changes soft periodontal tissues naturally expose the roots of the teeth.
The volume of soft tissues in the mouth can decrease due to the development of various diseases of systems and organs. Among them are cardiovascular diseases, work disorders endocrine system, as well as pathologies of metabolic processes.
How to cure a recession using traditional methods?
- The initial stages of the disease do not require drug or surgical treatment. In such cases, traditional medicine recipes are quite enough, which I also use with pleasure. official medicine. Massage with essential oils increases blood flow and gives tissue elasticity. An essential oil with an antiseptic effect is best suited for such purposes: mint, eucalyptus or citrus.
- To strengthen gums and antiseptic treatment They use all kinds of herbal decoctions and tinctures. To make a tincture, take crushed herbs and infuse it with vodka or alcohol for a week. For treatment, add 50 drops of alcohol tincture to a glass of water.
- Chamomile, aloe, calendula, and sage have an antiseptic and calming effect. It is also recommended to rinse with cabbage or lemon juice. For preventive purposes, compresses are made from olive, fir, sea buckthorn or spruce oils.
- Painful sensations are relieved by rinsing with a saline solution with the addition of camphor and ammonia. To do this, put a tablespoon of salt per liter of boiling water and add 100 ml of two types of alcohol: a white precipitate is formed. The mixture is thoroughly stirred and compresses are made for 15 minutes.
Chamomile decoction for rinsing
The reasons for exposed tooth roots can be the most unpredictable. Treatment with folk remedies is also prescribed by the doctor, because a completely harmless saline solution can leave burns on the gums, which will only worsen the situation. At self-treatment relief comes only by eliminating the pain symptom.
Without corresponding drug treatment the infection will spread to tissues and cells located deeper.
The part of the tooth located between its root and crown is called the neck. If there are no problems with the health of the oral cavity, then the neck is hidden under the gum. But for a number of reasons, including poor hygiene, an incorrectly selected toothbrush, or peculiarities of the bite, the neck of the tooth may become exposed. This pathology brings discomfort to a person while eating and makes the smile unsightly, but these are not all of its dangers. If you let the process take its course, you may encounter a much more serious problem - exposure of tooth roots. Fortunately, neck exposure is a reversible process; the main thing is to visit the dentist in time and begin treatment. Let's find out what to do if the neck of a tooth is exposed.
How does exposed dental necks manifest?
The figure shows the receding gums and the opening of the dental neck.
Pathology can be recognized by a number of symptoms. The patient complains of:
- increased when consuming hot and cold, sour and sweet foods;
- pain in the gums when eating solid foods;
- swelling of the gums and the appearance of;
- receding gums;
- visual increase in tooth size;
- change in tooth shade.
The exposure of the neck of the tooth can be recognized when examining the oral cavity: a yellowish area can be seen between the crown part and the gum. This is the cement that covers the neck. Unpleasant sensations when consuming food and drinks occurs due to the fact that the cement in this part of the tooth is much more sensitive than the enamel covering the crown part. The yellowish color of the cement may make it appear as if the teeth have changed shade. For the same reason, it seems that the teeth have become larger in size and the distance between them has increased.
Important: if you start the process, these symptoms may also include tooth roots, the formation of a wedge-shaped defect, chips and fragility of teeth. Due to the fact that the neck of the tooth is open, the periodontal connection will be disrupted over time. This will lead to tooth loss.
Causes of exposed necks of teeth
Before starting treatment, let's establish the reasons why the neck of the tooth is exposed. Most dental problems are caused by poor brushing or lack of brushing. Harmful bacteria accumulate in the oral cavity and form on the teeth, which over time hardens and turns into. As a result, the gums become inflamed, leading to gingivitis. According to statistics, 65% of the adult population suffer from this disease. If nothing is done, the disease worsens and develops into periodontitis. A symptom of this disease is exposure of the neck of the tooth.
Tip: To reduce the risk of oral diseases, you should brush your teeth twice a day. In this case, it is recommended to use special and. After every meal you need to rinse your mouth clean water, if this is not possible, an alternative would be chewing gum sugarless.
In addition to insufficient hygiene, excessively frequent brushing of teeth can lead to the development of pathology. Especially if it is used for this hard tooth a brush that injures the gums. Permanent damage to the gums is the main reason why the necks of teeth become exposed.
Injury can also occur due to brushing your teeth in a hurry, for example, in the morning when rushing to work. In this case, too much pressure is applied to the brush, which leads to damage. You should not rush when brushing your teeth, and when buying a brush, you should pay attention to the degree of its hardness.
Who is particularly susceptible to the disease?
Pathology can develop due to anatomical features jaw structure.
According to dentists, this problem most often occurs in people over 40 years of age. The first symptoms of the disease, such as the appearance of tooth sensitivity and bleeding gums when biting into hard food, can be noticed as early as at a young age. But the disease progresses slowly and the patient usually turns to a specialist for help when severe discomfort occurs. People with the following anatomical features are more susceptible to the disease:
- malocclusion;
- thin gums;
- short bridle;
- close location of the tooth root to the gum.
People with chronic diseases of the stomach and intestines, especially people suffering from heartburn, as well as pathologies of the endocrine system, are at risk of becoming clients of the dentist due to the need to treat exposed tooth necks. Fatigue, nervous overstrain, weak immunity and sleep problems have a negative impact on overall health and increase the risk of dental diseases, including exposure of dental necks.
How is the pathology treated?
If the neck of the tooth is exposed, treatment begins with searching for the cause of the pathology. It is very important to eliminate it, since without this, the problem will recur some time after therapy. There are several treatment tactics, the choice of one of them is based on the degree of neglect of the pathological process. Let's find out what to do if the necks of the teeth are exposed.
Treatment of pathology at the initial stage
The first thing you should do if the neck of a tooth is exposed is to come for an examination to a dentist, who will select and carry out the correct treatment. On initial stages, when the damage is superficial, they are eliminated with the help of toothpastes to relieve sensitivity, ointments, gels, and dental varnishes. This allows you to reduce discomfort and restore the mineral balance of the tooth.
The remineralization procedure is effective in eliminating pathology. During this procedure, special compounds containing fluorides, zinc, as well as calcium and phosphorus are applied to the teeth. The procedure is carried out according to the following scheme:
- first, the teeth are cleaned of soft plaque and stone;
- then the dental tray is filled with remineralizing gel;
- The mouthguard is placed on the teeth for about 5 minutes;
- Remove the mouth guard and wait until the product dries on the surface of the teeth.
Thanks to this procedure, the level of minerals in tooth enamel is restored and minor defects in it are eliminated.
Important: remineralization is a comfortable procedure during which the patient experiences no pain at all. It is truly effective, but for a pronounced and lasting effect it will take a whole course, and only the attending physician can say exactly how many sessions will be required.
Treatment of pathology in the formation of a wedge-shaped defect
The photo shows the formation of a wedge-shaped defect on the exposed neck.
If the neck of the tooth is exposed and a tooth forms on it, more serious treatment will be required. A wedge-shaped defect looks like a V-shaped depression on the neck of the tooth. On initial stages the defect is eliminated thanks to laser cleaning of dental plaque and application of remineralizing compounds to the tooth. After this, the dentist will recommend that the patient change the toothbrush to a softer one and use
For superficial lesions and middle stage wedge-shaped defect, the patient can be installed. Externally, veneers resemble thin ceramic plates that are fixed to the tooth. Thanks to this, you can hide flaws in the enamel and restore the aesthetics of your smile. However, veneers have their disadvantages:
- their installation is expensive;
- periodically they need to be replaced with new ones due to rapid wear;
- To install the veneer, the enamel is polished.
For a deep wedge-shaped defect, radical measures– filling or crown installation. When filling, the discomfort in the area of the affected tooth disappears and the aesthetics of the smile are restored, however, after some time there is a possibility of caries developing under the filling and its loss. A crown is installed only when other methods are not applicable, since it requires extensive grinding of the tooth.
Surgical treatment of exposed cervixes
In cases where the cause of the pathology is too thin gums, the problem is solved surgically. During the operation, a connective tissue, taken from the sky. Thanks to this, the gums become thicker and the exposed neck closes. A week later, the patient comes to see the doctor to check how well the tissue has taken root. Usually during this period, tissue restoration is not yet complete and slight redness is observed at the site of the operation. This suggests that blood vessels are forming in the tissues and such hyperemia is normal.
Find out how it can be done at home.
He will tell you how many teeth children should have by the age of one year.
The next time the patient comes for an appointment six months later, to make sure that the gums have completely recovered. After surgical treatment of exposed tooth necks, the doctor tells the patient what to do at home. It is very important that the doctor teaches the patient how to properly care for the oral cavity and.
Traditional methods of eliminating pathology
If the necks of your teeth are exposed, in the initial stages you can try treatment with folk remedies. However, you should understand that you can only waste time. Then the pathology will still have to be eliminated in the dental office, but it will be more difficult and more expensive. So, what does traditional medicine suggest to do when the necks of the teeth become exposed? The most popular folk remedies are the following:
- stroking massage essential oil mint or eucalyptus;
- use of ointments based on medicinal herbs;
- applications made from fresh beets, grated;
- compresses from sea buckthorn, fir or spruce oil;
- rinsing the mouth with a decoction of oak bark or infusion of St. John's wort.
Now you know why the necks of teeth are exposed and what to do if symptoms of pathology are detected. Remember that by devoting 6 minutes a day to oral care, you will save yourself from trips to the dentist and long-term and expensive treatment.
Changes in the gingival contour are usually accompanied by inflammation of the mucous membranes, painful sensations, swelling and bad breath. These are symptoms of periodontitis, which causes atrophy of the bone tissue of the alveolar process.
What is periodontitis?
This inflammatory disease tissues surrounding the tooth, which is accompanied by destruction of the ligaments holding the crown in the socket and subsidence of the gums.
What causes the exposure of the neck of the tooth, what treatment is necessary?
Bad habits can be provoking factors. Smoking promotes increased proliferation of pathogenic microflora in the oral cavity.
Symptoms of periodontitis:
- the neck of the tooth is exposed; as the disease progresses, the root may become exposed;
- formation of periodontal pockets;
- bleeding of mucous membranes during hygienic cleaning;
- swelling and tenderness of the gums upon palpation;
- viscous saliva;
- bad smell from mouth.
In more advanced stages, tooth mobility, pathological displacement, suppuration from gum pockets, fistulous tracts or abscesses appear.
The roots of the teeth are exposed, regional lymph nodes become inflamed, patients’ body temperature rises, and their health worsens.
Stages of the disease
There are 2 types of periodontitis: acute and chronic. During an exacerbation, an abscess appears on the gum - a sac filled with pus, which, after opening, forms a fistulous tract. All symptoms appear acutely. The chronic stage proceeds with less pronounced signs, relapses occur periodically.
According to the degree of damage, the disease can be localized, that is, affect a small group of teeth, and generalized: affect large areas.
There are 3 degrees of severity:
- Easy. Periodontal pockets are no deeper than 3 mm, there is no suppuration, no mobility of crowns.
- Average. Pockets up to 6 mm, the partitions between the sockets are destroyed, slight mobility of the teeth occurs, and their necks are exposed.
- Heavy. Gum pockets deeper than 6 mm, suppuration, gums exposing roots, pathological mobility of teeth.
If periodontitis is not treated on time, you can lose healthy teeth. The disease also leads to the development of phlegmon and osteomyelitis, which are deadly diseases.
Drug therapy
What to do if the neck of the tooth is very exposed and hurts? You need to see a dentist urgently. The doctor will first of all remove hard dental plaque, which is a source of pathogenic microorganisms. If this procedure is not carried out, other treatment methods will be ineffective, and the positive result will be temporary.
In the initial stages of the disease, professional cleaning is sufficient. With regular antiseptic rinse the oral cavity disease goes away. To do this, use a solution of Chlorhexelin, Furacilin, baking soda, decoctions medicinal herbs.
How to treat exposed teeth if there is a significant reduction in gums? Prescribe application medicinal ointments and gels. Pharmacy drugs relieve inflammation, swelling, pain, help reduce bleeding. Good results are obtained by using the gel Metrogyl Denta, Asepta, Kamistat, Cholisal. The duration of treatment is 7–10 days.
What should you do if your teeth become exposed and lag behind your gums, forming pockets? In addition to the methods listed above, you need to take vitamins and consume more fresh vegetables and fruits, promptly treat associated chronic diseases, massage the gums.
Surgical treatment options
Why do the roots and necks of the teeth near the gums become exposed, and pus appears from under the mucous membranes? What should be done? In inflammatory processes that are accompanied by suppuration, curettage of periodontal formations is performed. This procedure allows you to remove deep subgingival deposits of tartar and reduce the depth of pockets.
Curettage can be open, closed or flap surgery. During the procedure, the doctor needs to expose the affected teeth. To do this, he peels off a section of the mucous membrane, thoroughly cleans the necks and roots of stone, rinses with antiseptics, then puts the gingival flap in place and sutures the tissue.
What treatment is necessary if there is a deep exposure of the tooth root? Restoration of atrophied jaw tissue is carried out by increasing the volume of the alveolar process with an artificial bone tissue, by bone block transplantation.
What to do if the tooth root is exposed, what methods can be used? For natural recovery atrophied bone tissue is used modern method electromyostimulation. The procedure allows you to reduce periodontal pockets and regenerate thinned areas of the jaw.
What to do if exposed tooth necks appear, how to treat it? Mucous membranes are added through aesthetic correction. For augmentation, sections of soft tissue are taken from the palate and transplanted to the affected areas of the gums. These operations allow you to restore the gingival margin and close the necks and roots of the crowns.
Folk remedies
How to treat gums with folk remedies, if the mucous membranes expose the teeth, what are the reasons for the development of the disease? It is useful to wipe the mucous membranes with a cotton swab dipped in fir, clove or lemon oil. Such procedures allow you to relieve inflammation, massage the gums, normalize blood flow, mineral metabolism in affected tissues.
What to do and what folk remedies can be used if the necks become exposed and teeth become loose? In this case, large plantain will help. To reduce bleeding gums and eliminate loose crowns, you need to chew fresh leaves of the plant 5-6 times a day. You can rinse your mouth with plantain juice.
Why does treatment with gels and folk remedies not always give results? Therapy should be carried out comprehensively. It is imperative to remove tartar and plaque, take vitamins necessary to restore the affected tissues, undergo preventive treatment in the presence of chronic systemic diseases.
In older and older patients, gum recession (recession) often occurs. This leads to exposure of the deeper part of the tooth - its neck. Subsequently, the tooth root is exposed, which disrupts the aesthetics of the smile, causes pain and other unpleasant consequences.
The first symptoms of pathology
A tooth has a crown, neck and root. Normally, we see only the coronal part, since the neck is covered by the gum, and the root is located in a special cell (alveolus).
When the gingival margin drops and the neck becomes exposed, the following symptoms occur:
- acute but short-lived pain when eating cold, sour and sweet foods;
- change in enamel color - cement in the root zone has yellow, so teeth appear darker overall;
- visual enlargement of dental crowns;
- bleeding and swelling of the gums when brushing your teeth;
- increase in interdental spaces.
As a rule, all symptoms of exposure of the neck of the teeth are observed only at a young age. Elderly patients do not have any discomfort, which is where the greatest danger lies.
Reasons for exposure of the neck of the tooth
The main cause of cervical exposure is periodontal disease ( chronic inflammation periodontal). It develops due to insufficient oral hygiene.
The bacterial plaque that accumulates on teeth every day contains millions of pathogenic microbes. These microorganisms attack the gums, causing inflammatory process. Periodontal tissues become loose and sag.
Other causes of pathology:
- improper brushing technique - excessive pressure with a toothbrush or too intense movements;
- chronic caries in the cervical area;
- incorrect bite, too short frenulum and other defects of the oral cavity;
- diseases thyroid gland, problems with the gastrointestinal tract.
How to treat exposed tooth necks
The treatment method depends on the stage and causes of the defect:
Remineralization of enamel.
Used at an early stage. This is fluoridation of teeth, which saturates the enamel useful microelements, strengthens it and reduces sensitivity.
Ultrasonic or laser cleaning allows you to get rid of bacterial plaque and tartar in the gum pockets. More often used as a method of prevention.
Applies to more late stage when fluoridation is no longer effective. The specific shape of the dental neck significantly complicates the filling process.
Installation of veneer or crown.
The most effective, but expensive method. Used even in the most advanced cases. A ceramic veneer or crown completely hides the defect and protects the enamel from further destruction.
What does exposed tooth neck lead to?
When the tooth neck and then the root are exposed, the tooth loses support and begins to loosen. This threatens deformation of the entire dentition and even loss of completely healthy incisors and molars.
In addition, the risk of crown fracture increases, since the enamel in the cervical area is very thin and cannot withstand increased chewing load.
Another consequence of exposure of the dental neck is a wedge-shaped defect. This is the formation of V-shaped flaws on outer surface enamel (near the gingival margin).
To prevent such complications, you should consult a doctor in time. You will find a list of competent dentists on our website. Just enter your city area in the search engine.
