Thin endometrium causes. Thin endometrium: causes, symptoms, treatment, impact on pregnancy

The endometrium is the mucous membrane of the uterus that lines its cavity. It contains many epithelial cells And blood vessels, due to which attachment and development are carried out gestational sac. Thanks to the bloodstream throughout pregnancy, nutrition and further growth of the child is possible.

Normal physiological state the endometrium is supported by hormones. Depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle, certain changes in the structure and thickness of its structure occur. It becomes maximally mature in the second phase, when the uterus is preparing for pregnancy. If fertilization does not occur, then the endometrium exfoliates, this phenomenon called menstruation. By virtue of various reasons this process can be disturbed, which requires mandatory diagnostics and medical correction, otherwise the disease becomes more complicated and leads to undesirable consequences.

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Causes

The main reason that leads to the depletion of the endometrium lies in hormonal imbalance. With insufficient production certain hormones there is no proper stimulation of the production of the epithelium.

In medicine, there are cases when this pathology is diagnosed in women with normal level all essential hormones. This is due to the presence of provoking factors that can contribute to the development of pathology. Among them are:

damage to the basal layer of the endometrium due to trauma;
a history of abortions and missed pregnancies;
congenital and acquired uterine circulation disorders;
diagnostic and therapeutic curettage;
surgery on the uterus;
inflammatory diseases reproductive system, including infectious ones;
endocrine disorders;
congenital anomalies in the development of the uterus and appendages;
venous congestion in the pelvic cavity;
prolonged or uncontrolled use oral contraceptives, intrauterine devices;
ovarian disease, especially follicular cyst and polycystic;
oncological diseases of the genital organs.

There is a theory about a genetic predisposition to endometrial hypoplasia, but in currently there is no practical evidence for it. Due to this given reason determined by the method of exclusion, provided that there are no other provoking factors.

Endometrium in the uterine cavity

Symptoms

The clinical manifestations of a thin endometrium are quite specific, based on which timely diagnosis It's not hard to do just by the symptoms. Signs of a thin endometrium do not cause significant discomfort, but they can lead to serious consequences.In the presence of this disease, a woman may note:

change in the duration of the menstrual cycle or lack of ovulation;
spotting in the middle of the cycle;
scanty and light menstrual flow;
prolonged absence of a desired pregnancy, subject to regular sexual intercourse;
habitual miscarriage, missed pregnancies;
narrow pelvis;
late onset of menstruation, after 16 years;
weak or complete absence libido, problems with sexual desire;
intermittent bleeding with clots.

Possible Complications

The endometrium consists of two layers: basal and functional. Their full development during the menstrual cycle is extremely important for normal implantation and favorable course pregnancy. Some of the main complications are spontaneous abortions, miscarriages and infertility.

The presence of a thin endometrium does not imply absolute infertility, since the conception and attachment of the fetal egg is still possible. But this disease aggravates prenatal and postpartum periods, develop conditions such as tubal or ectopic pregnancy, habitual miscarriage, weak generic activity, pronounced and prolonged toxicosis, bleeding in the last trimester and after childbirth.

Some time ago, the presence of a thin endometrium was considered absolute contraindication for pregnancy. Doctors said that a woman is not able to get pregnant and endure healthy child. Modern clinical cases found in medical practice, prove the opposite. Even with difficulties in attaching the fetal egg to the mucous membranes, it is possible to carry out artificial insemination through the IVF procedure.

Features of diagnostics

Diagnosis of thin endometrium is not difficult, since in addition to the characteristic clinical picture this pathology can be confirmed with instrumental and laboratory methods research. Among the general diagnostic methods allocate clinical analysis blood, general analysis urine, vaginal swab.

Of particular value is ultrasonography pelvic organs. It is carried out throughout the entire period of maturation of the endometrium on certain days. This is due to the fact that the physiological growth of the endometrium occurs daily. With the help of special sensitive sensors it is possible with high precision measure the thickness of the mucosa.

The norms of endometrial thickness by cycle days are presented in the table.

Data ultrasound diagnostics compare with results biochemical research blood for progesterone, luteotropic and follicle-stimulating sex hormones. The most informative and indicative are the results obtained after sampling the biomaterial on the 20-23rd day of the menstrual cycle.

Instrumental and minimally invasive method is diagnostic hysteroscopy. Using special equipment and a camera inserted into the uterine cavity, the doctor examines the structure and composition of the endometrium, determines the presence of anatomical defects, and, if necessary, takes a biopsy for further histological radiation of the tissue.

Hysteroscopy of the endometrium

Treatment

In the presence of a thin endometrium, pregnancy planning is of fundamental importance. Unprepared reproductive organs and disturbed hormonal background will interfere in every possible way with normal fertilization and attachment of the fetal egg.

In order to increase the thickness of the mucosa, a woman is prescribed courses of combined oral contraceptives. They are able to compensate for the hormonal deficiency or regulate their excess, and therapy is also carried out with the help of estradiol and progesterone, Utrozhestan and Dufaston are prominent representatives.

Duphaston contains an artificially synthesized hormone, which is necessary to maintain normal function endometrium. It is prescribed not only in the treatment of thin endometrium, but also to maintain pregnancy, for the purpose of prevention, when there is a threat of spontaneous abortion. The substance in the composition, which has properties similar to progesterone, relieves tone from the uterus, resists premature detachment endometrium. Select dosages, regulate the course of treatment and the frequency of admission in the competence of only a doctor, but according to general requirements the drug should be taken from the 11th to the 25th day of the menstrual cycle.

efficient auxiliary drug is Actovegin. Its main function is to improve blood supply and blood supply to organs. It is the lack of oxygen and other nutrients causes hypoplasia. Accept this medicine you need 2 tablets 3 times a day for 1.5-2 months. He has practically no side effects and does not provide negative impact even at the time of pregnancy. For many pregnant women, in order to prevent the threat of miscarriage, the medicine is prescribed from the 16th week.

The physiotherapeutic effect before the onset of pregnancy and during its course will differ, due to the impossibility of using certain methods during the period of fetal development.

At the planning stage and for the purpose of treating a thin endometrium, electromyostimulation of the pelvic muscles and massage of the same area are prescribed. So it is possible to increase blood flow and cope with atrophy of blood vessels and soft tissues. Even after 1 course of treatment, there is a pronounced positive trend. Other methods of exposure are electrophoresis with drugs, magnetotherapy, ultrasound, mud and mineral baths.

Alternative medicine

In the presence of a thin endometrium, an important role is played by folk remedies, since many herbal remedies can improve blood circulation and stimulate the development of epithelial cells.

The most popular is the infusion of sage. Prepare and use it as follows:

1. Add 200 ml of boiling water to one spoonful of crushed dry extract.
2. Let it brew for several hours.
3. Take for 4 months in the first 14 days of the menstrual cycle. Dosage - 100 ml 1-2 times a day.

In a similar way, an infusion of a boron uterus is prepared.

Women are recommended to use special teas and decoctions daily. healing properties possess raspberry leaves, elderberry inflorescences, yarrow, mint, nettle, chamomile and others. They can be consumed separately, but the collection has a greater effect. Dry extracts of plants are mixed in equal proportions, brewing in boiling water before use. Drink this decoction 30 minutes before meals 3-4 times a day.

Treatment with folk remedies does not give the main therapeutic effect, but has an auxiliary effect. With a combination of unconventional and drug therapy thickening of the endometrium can be observed after two to three months. It is necessary to consult a doctor about the presence of contraindications and the admissibility of the use of herbal remedies, as some of them can aggravate the course of the pathological process.

Diet and lifestyle for endometrial hypoplasia

Proper nutrition with a thin endometrium is key. Some vitamins, such as A, E and K, as well as trace elements, in the form of salicylates, can improve blood circulation and nutrition of internal organs.

IN daily diet must include bold sea fish, tomatoes, Bell pepper, cucumbers, beans, cabbage and spinach. good healing effect possess apples, currants, raspberries and grapes. Dried fruits, honey and red wine stimulate hematopoiesis and blood circulation.

With this pathology, you should not limit the use of spices and spices. Paprika, thyme, cinnamon and some other oriental flavorings will come in handy, although they are considered forbidden for many other diseases.

Woman recommended active image life, compliance with the regime of work and rest, limitation in psycho-emotional experiences. Assigned if necessary sedatives. It is recommended to visit sports clubs and swimming pool. Every day it is necessary to perform special gymnastic exercises that improve blood microcirculation in the pelvic area.

Every woman suffering from infertility has her own history of treatment, her own causes of the disease, but everyone has one dream. Gynecologists and pharmacists are constantly looking for new drugs and treatments for this disease. After all, the main thing is not only to put correct diagnosis, but also pick individual treatment, the result of which will be the birth of a healthy baby.

Thin endometrium - what to do?

A common cause of female infertility is a thin layer of the endometrium, and treatment in this case can be carried out with hormonal medications, pseudohormones, herbal decoctions. Going to your goal will not be easy, but reaching it is quite possible.

How to treat thin endometrium with herbs?

Many women refuse to hormonally treat thin endometrium, since folk remedies also help with this problem. Very good results for follicles gives sage with a thin endometrium, you need to brew 1 teaspoon in a glass of water and drink during the day in the first phase of the cycle. Also helps a lot upland uterus with a thin endometrium, being a pseudohormone that is transformed in a woman's body. It also has an anti-inflammatory effect. More modern medicine offers homeopathic drops of "Tazalok" to solve this problem, which normalize menstrual cycle and regulate the synthesis of endogenous gonadotropic hormones. This drug has virtually no side effects.

How to build up a thin endometrium with drugs?

The endometrium grows within 14 days, its growth is stimulated by estradiol preparations. To build up the endometrium, doctors prescribe the drug Proginova, Estradiol or Femoston in the first phase of the cycle, in the second phase they recommend taking duphaston. Dufaston with a thin endometrium helps to form its structure, acts like a synthetic progesterone - "accompanies" the overgrown endometrium, it should be taken in the second half of the cycle. All these drugs are synthetic and have many contraindications, so their use should be discussed with your doctor and assess the risk yourself.

Often, a thin endometrium is detected after taking OK, but it all depends on the woman's body. Stopping oral contraceptives and taking regulon within two months can lead to positive results restoration of the growth of the optimal endometrium.

And the woman herself - in vain. Often this problem is encountered with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Causes of thin endometrium

The uterine mucosa is a hormone-dependent tissue, so the most common causes in its occurrence - hormonal.

Possible causes of thin endometrium:

Hormonal. The growth of the endometrium before ovulation occurs most of all under the influence of estrogen. Estrogen provides thickness. And it provides its secretory function. If the concentration of hormones is normal, but the receptors that are sensitive to them are damaged, then the thickness of the endometrium does not increase enough for implantation.
Conditionally hormonal. A lack of vitamin D leads to disruption of the steroid hormones.
Vascular. Autoimmune diseases and pathologies of the blood coagulation system lead to disruption of the blood supply to the uterus, thereby the necessary amount of nutrients does not enter the endometrium. Therefore, even if the endometrium is thin and grows poorly.
Mechanical. Damage to the basal layer of the endometrium during medical manipulations- scraping, or as a result infectious damage the inner layer of the uterine mucosa leads to the fact that the endometrium does not grow, since damage to the basal layer is the loss of stem cells, from which it grows functional layer.
Congenital anomalies in the development of the uterus. For example, hypoplasia or aplasia of the uterus leads to the fact that a mechanical obstacle is created for the growth of the endometrium.

With a thin endometrium, IVF is performed using the technique. At the same time (two days when the endometrium is receptive and able to implant a blastocyst) is calculated.

Two programs allow you to build up the endometrium during IVF:

(substitute hormone therapy). In this case, estrogens are prescribed (tablets - Proginova, Estrafem or in the form of a gel - Divigel, Estragel) at a dose of 4-8 mg per day. From the moment when the endometrium reaches 8 mm and becomes three-layered, progesterone preparations (Utrozhestan, Proginova) are added for 5-6 days, depending on the one chosen for the transfer. continue to prescribe progesterone and estrogen as support.
Transfer program in the presence of ovulation. At the beginning of the program, only vitamins can be prescribed: folic acid- for the prevention of defects, vitamin D. When the follicle reaches full maturity, one of the tactics is chosen. The first is the introduction of an ovulation trigger hCG. The second is a clear monitoring of the onset of ovulation, ultrasound is done every day for this. As soon as ovulation has come, the reproductologist prescribes progesterone preparations for 5-6 days and the transfer day is appointed.

The effectiveness of endometrial build-up of both programs is equivalent and the doctor picks it up individually.

Against the background of preparation, sometimes the endometrium remains thin, because hormonal factors are not the only reasons that prevent the endometrium from growing. In this case, it is necessary to additional treatment before the transfer. The choice of therapy depends on the diagnosed disorders: antibiotic therapy, which allows you to get rid of the infection, drugs to improve blood circulation (Kurantil, Actovegin), surgical treatment.

The endometrium, which is covered inner part body of the uterus, plays exclusively important role in the possibility of ladies to fulfill their childbearing function. However, the diagnosis is often small endometrium, which is an obstacle to pregnancy. There are several methods of treatment that will help build up the lining of the uterus and find the joy of motherhood. You can read more about all this in our article.

The endometrium consists of a basal and functional layer. Its main role is to create the maximum comfortable conditions for fixation of a fertilized egg in the cavity of the uterine body and further development fetus. If fertilization does not take place, the functional layer is sloughed off and excreted from the body through a process known as menstruation.

Thanks to the basal layer, it is restored. This is repeated monthly every menstrual cycle until menopause occurs. But the endometrium will be able to perform its function only if the thickness of the upper mucous layer meets certain standards in different phases menstrual cycle.

On medical websites you can find a table that lists optimal dimensions functional layer of the endometrium in a particular phase of the cycle. If the thickness of the endometrium is less than normal, pregnancy is either impossible at all, or with its onset, big problems. In this case, hypoplasia is diagnosed and treatment is prescribed, which depends on the causes that led to this pathology.

Thin endometrium: causes

Why upper layer endometrium can not grow? This phenomenon can be influenced by many factors, the main of which are:

malfunctions of the hormonal or endocrine system;
violation of the blood supply to the uterus of an acquired or congenital nature;
mucosal injury resulting from surgical intervention(for example, during curettage or abortion);
frequent inflammatory processes caused by infection.

The reasons for the small layer of the endometrium are sometimes hidden in the underdevelopment of the uterus. According to some scientists, the causes of thin endometrium may be hereditary.

Thin endometrium and pregnancy

In the presence of an ailment characterized by a thin layer of the endometrium, the ability to get pregnant and carry a baby is very problematic. Even if you manage to get pregnant with such a disease, there is great danger miscarriage. After all, it is the endometrium that is both the “protector” and the “breadwinner” of the embryo at the very first stage of its development.

And although a small endometrium is not a sentence of pregnancy, it is still better to build it up first, and then plan to conceive. Fortunately, modern medicine and folk recipes provide great opportunities for this.

how to grow endometrium

If on the basis various studies and analyzes diagnosed with a thin endometrium, before proceeding directly to treatment, it is necessary to determine the cause of its occurrence. To build up a small endometrium in case hormonal disorders, use preparations containing progesterone, such as, for example, Duphaston.

If hypoplasia is a consequence of chronic inflammatory process genital organs, we must first take care not how to increase the thickness of the upper layer of the endometrium, but how to eliminate the cause of its occurrence. When the problem of pathology is insufficient uterine blood supply, in order to build up the endometrium, along with drugs, non-drug treatments are used, such as:

healthy food,
massage,
special therapeutic exercises.

You can build up the endometrium without hormones, using herbs and such folk recipes and methods alternative medicine, How.

The endometrium is sensitive to the hormonal background of a woman, and it is this feature that affects its size. The endometrium becomes noticeably thicker, enriched with glands that provide improved blood supply to the tissue in the last, premenstrual phase of the cycle. This ensures successful - that is, ensures the possibility of conception.

Why do we need the endometrium, what should it be?

Endometrium is called lining inside the uterus. It is a system that consists of many components, in particular:

Epithelium - integumentary and glandular;
blood vessels;
stroma - base, connective tissue, which during menstruation develops into mature cells that produce collagen and a number of other substances.

Creation favorable conditions for attachment and development of the embryo in the uterus and there is the main function of the endometrium. If conception occurs, the number of blood vessels and glands begins to grow in the endometrium in order to:

Vessels of the endometrium have become part of the placenta;
Oxygen was delivered to the developing fetus;
Provided nutrients to the embryo.

Endometrial thickness for conception and pregnancy

So, we found out that the endometrium is one of important elements conception. The chance of getting pregnant depends on:

Thickness and structure of the endometrium;
Successfully reaching the desired threshold of maturity superficial glands of the endometrium.

It is these moments that ensure, in fact, the attachment of the fetal egg to the walls of the uterus and the beginning of its development into an embryo.

The maturation of the endometrium depends on estradiol- a hormone produced by proper development follicles.

Estradiol provides:

maturation of the endometrium;
Accumulation of progesterone receptors - one more important hormone- V epithelial tissue endometrium.

Pregnancy will not occur if, for some reason, the endometrium does not mature. Reasons for such problems include:

congenital conditions in which the production of the necessary hormones is insufficient or absent;
Hormonal- if for some reason the hormonal background of a woman does not allow the endometrium to reach the desired phase of development at the right time (thin endometrium);
Circulatory disorders in the uterus- congenital or acquired. Similar problems may occur after trauma, inflammation, diseases of the uterus and adjacent organs, as well as in;
Injury to the endometrium itself- usually resulting from an abortion. Complete removal endometrium with active curettage is extremely rare, but even partial removal This layer makes pregnancy very difficult.

Depending on the causes of the violation in the maturation and development of the endometrium, the doctor prescribes certain drugs. A ethnoscience knows his own ways to help deal with this problem.

Effective ways to build up the endometrium: drugs

For the rapid build-up of the endometrium, as a rule, use medications . It should be noted that the thin endometrium is difficult to treat.

Since the build-up of the endometrium directly depends on estrogen, respectively, it is prescribed:

Hormonal treatment: as a rule, these are injections of estradiol, divigel.
Drops "Gormel" — homeopathic remedy which is used to regulate hormonal conditions women. Its action is aimed at enhancing the production of estrogen. The effect of the drug is quite mild and effective.

It is believed that drugs such as "Duphaston" and "Utrozhestan" build up the endometrium. This is not true. These drugs help the endometrium to form and mature. These drugs contain progesterone: "Duphaston" consists of synthesized progesterone and has no side effects, "Utrozhestan" is natural.

Folk ways to quickly build up the endometrium

Can help build up the endometrium Alternative medicine:

These methods are considered effective by improving blood circulation in the pelvic organs.

Women often use folk remedies to increase the thickness of the endometrium.

Remember, self-treatment and self-diagnosis can lead to irreparable consequences. Before taking any drug or herb - consult a doctor. Herbs sometimes have at least strong action than drugs.

The site site warns: the recipes given here do not replace drug treatment and do not cancel a trip to the doctor. Use all the tips presented only after examination and on the recommendation of a doctor!