Arsenic waters. Unique mineral water of the Girnotisyan deposit

Mineral waters containing arsenic

Until the first half of the 20th century, it was generally accepted that arsenic mineral waters should include such waters, the absolute arsenic coefficient of which is at least 1 mg per 1 kg of water, and most of the arsenic waters also contain large doses iron and sulfate anion.

In recent years, it has been generally accepted that water with an arsenic concentration of at least 0.7 mg/l can be classified as arsenic-containing. This arsenic concentration is taken to be lower limit norms because op;| corresponds to the minimum single pharmacological dose and causes a physiological effect when used therapeutically.

In waters used for drinking treatment, arsenic should contain no more than 0.2 mg/l. Permissible arsenic concentrations for fresh drinking water should not exceed 0.06 mg/l.

A doctor should treat arsenic-containing mineral waters as a medicine, the prescription and dosage of which should be thought out and individual for each patient. Arsenic also enters the body with food. From food products greatest number arsenic was found in beluga and stellate sturgeon, and among plant products, cocoa contains a relatively large amount of arsenic.

In the CIS and Russia we have 35 deposits of arsenic-containing waters. True, they are not the same in composition, mineralization, arsenic concentration, water temperature and gas composition. Based on the indicated properties, 6 main groups of arsenic-containing waters can be distinguished.

1. Carbon dioxide cold and thermal.

2. Oxygen-nitrogen (cold).

3. Methane nitrogen-methane (thermal).

4. Hydrogen sulfide-carbon dioxide thermal.

5. Nitrogen-carbon dioxide thermal.

6. Nitrogen thermal.

It is noteworthy that the first group of waters is characterized by a significant concentration of carbon dioxide (3.5-9 g/l), with carbon dioxide contained up to 95%. Rest gas composition falls to the share of nitrogen and rare gases. Carbon dioxide arsenic waters are most widespread among the Essentuki type waters (sodium chloride-hydro-carbonate). A specific microcomponent characteristic of these waters is arsenic, which is found in water in the form of arsenous acid. The maximum concentration of arsenic in Sinegorsk waters reaches 60-PO mg/l. .

Based on the concentration of arsenic in this type of water, several groups can be distinguished: 1) weak, containing 0.7-5.0 mg/l of arsenic; such waters are common in the Caucasus (Chvizhipse, Atsetuki, Avadhara, Teplinskie, Karmadon, Nakalakevi, Vardzia, Isti-Su, Dvin), in Kamchatka (Oksinskie), in Transcarpathia (Gornaya Tissa); 2) strong, containing 5-10 mg/l of arsenic; such waters are available in the Caucasus region (Nagad-zhir), in Transcarpathia (Gornaya Tissa, Goverla), in Kamchatka (Nalachevsky); 3) very strong waters, with arsenic content over 10 mg/l. These waters are located in the Caucasus region (Grushevskaya Polyana and Darydag), in Transcarpathia (Gornaya Tissa) and on Sakhalin (Sinegorsk).

It is interesting to note that the Darydag waters can bring 100 times more arsenic to the surface of the earth than the Sinegorsk waters, and contain large amounts of boron (2 g/l) and silicic acid. There is a lot of boron in Essentuki-type waters. Some waters (Grushevskaya Polyana, Gornaya Tissa and Goverla) are distinguished by a significant iron content (28-42 mg/l). In addition, very strong arsenic waters contain bromine (up to 60 mg/l) and iodine (up to 17 mg/l).

Oxygen-nitrogen (mine) arsenic waters are found in 2 types: a) purely sulfate - ferrous-aluminum and b) sulfate-hydrocarbonate - hydrocarbonate sulfate of complex cationic composition. The first type includes the Zubiya, Gai, Blyavin and Karabash waters, the second - the Kochkar, East Kounrad and Khovuaksa arsenic waters.

The third group of waters (methane and nitrogen-methane) is located, according to V.V. Ivanov (1970), within the Terek-Caspian trough. Hot springs, which ceased to exist, belonged to this type.

The last 3 groups (hydrogen sulfide-carbon dioxide, nitrogen-carbon dioxide and nitrogen-arsenic-containing thermal waters) have different mineralization. The content of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide does not exceed 5 mg/l and the content of arsenic reaches 25 mg/l. In the last two waters, mineralization reaches 2 g/l, the concentration of arsenic does not exceed 1-2 mg/l. In similar chloride-sulfate acidic thermal waters of Japan, according to N. Kimio and N. Redzo (1970), the arsenic content in the Tashibana spring reaches 6.7 mg/l, Karabuki - 17.4 mg/l.

5590 rub

Gezatone Facial cleansing and skin care device Clean&Beauty AMG108

Cosmetologists say that the key to the beauty and youth of the skin is its regular and complete cleansing. But cosmetics cleanse the skin only superficially, washing away only dirt and makeup residues. To fully cleanse pores and remove dead skin particles, you need a Clean&Beauty Gezatone device. Unique brushes made of hypoallergenic silicone gently and gently remove impurities not only from the surface of the skin, but also from the pores, and the massage attachment provides complete skin care. It is enough to include the AMG108 facial cleansing device in the program daily care- and you will be amazed at how much fresher, smoother and younger your skin looks.

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Contraindications:
allergic reactions skin;
sunburn;
integrity violation skin;
immediately after chemical peeling;
after microdermabrasion procedures;
reception medical supplies, increasing skin sensitivity;
recent plastic surgery;
infectious and skin diseases.

1299 rub

Skin cleansing set Touchbeauty AS-0759A, color: white

Touchbeauty AS-0759A is a device for cleaning and massaging the face. The set includes 3 attachments: a latex sponge, an ultra-soft synthetic brush and a silicone brush. The device has a powerful motor and 2 rotation speeds for delicate cleansing and deeper cleaning. The IPX6 waterproof housing enhances ease of use and safety.

Control type: electronic
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1390 rub

Polaris PMB 0805 whirlpool bath

Hydromassage bath for legs Polaris PMB 0805 has 3 operating modes and is equipped with a function infrared radiation for effectively warming up your feet during a hydromassage session. With this device you can easily relieve accumulated fatigue and tension at the end of the working day.

2999 rub

Highly purified paraffin, suitable for paraffin therapy procedures for the face, hands and feet. Enriched with complex vegetable oils and vitamins, deeply moisturizes the skin, relieves inflammation, eliminates skin flaking. The cocoa butter included in the composition additionally nourishes the skin, making it smooth and velvety. Paraffin helps eliminate dryness and tightness, the skin becomes more elastic and firm. Melting point 46°C Packaging: 450 g

Electric brush for the face LUNA go is available in 4 models for each skin type. Their cleansing surfaces vary in bristle thickness for a gentler or more thorough facial cleanse depending on your skin's needs. The LUNA go facial brush is made of high-strength, safe, hypoallergenic, non-porous silicone that resists the accumulation of bacteria, making it 35 times more hygienic than conventional nylon brushes. Ideal for travel, the LUNA go cleansing brush is completely waterproof, the size of a cotton pad, and the battery lasts up to 30 uses on a full charge. Each LUNA go cleaning device is supplied with.

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9084 rub

The LUNA go facial brush from the Swedish beauty brand FOREO is the ideal facial cleansing device for your active lifestyle! Thanks to its compact design and T-Sonic technology, you can enjoy all the delights of cleansing and rejuvenating your facial skin, wherever you are. Soft silicone bristles deliver up to 8,000 T-Sonic pulsations per minute to deeply but gently cleanse skin's pores of up to 99.5% of dirt, oil and makeup residue, leaving skin cleaner, smoother and more radiant.

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9084 rub

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1640 rub

ARSENICAL WATERS- natural mineral waters containing arsenic in an amount of more than 0.7 mg/l (mainly in the form of arsenic acid, as well as its dissociation products), used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.

According to the content of arsenic (As) M. century. subdivided into weak arsenic (As 0.7-5.0 mg/l), which includes the waters of the Avadhara, Vardzia, Gornaya Tissa (well 1-P), Nakalakevi, and Chvizhipse deposits; strong arsenic (As from 5.0 to 10 mg/l) - Goverla (source No. 4), Gornaya Tissa (well 2-R), Nagadzhir; very strong arsenic (As over 10 and up to approximately 100 mg/l) - Gornaya Tissa (well 2-K), Darydag, Sinegorskoye. According to the pH value, all M. v. are slightly acidic (almost neutral). Based on temperature, they are divided into cold - below 20° (Avadhara, Sinegorskoye, Chvizhiise); hot - from 35 to 42°, very hot - St. 42e (Vardzia, Darydag, Nagadzhir. Nakalakevi). By amount of content mineral salts There are waters with low mineralization - from 2 to 5 g/l (Gornaya Tissa - well 1-R, 4-R, 352 and 353, Chvizhipse), with medium mineralization - from 5 to 15 g/l (Avadhara, Vardzia, Nagadzhir , Nakalakevi); with high mineralization - from 15 to 30 g/l (Goverla, Darydag, Sinegorskoe) and brine (Gornaya Tissa, well 2-K).

According to the ion-salt composition of M. century. mainly belong to hydrocarbonate calcium-sodium (Narzan type) and chloride-hydrocarbonate sodium or hydrocarbonate-chloride sodium waters (type Essentuki No. 4, 17).

Nai greater application in balneology they have carbonated arsenic mineral waters, the saturation of which with carbon dioxide reaches 3.5-9.0 g/l. In the USSR it is known approx. 20 carbon dioxide deposits. The main group of carbon dioxide sources. located in Transcarpathia, the Caucasus, Kamchatka, Sakhalin. Resorts with M. v. there are also in Poland (Kudova), in France (La Bourboule), in Germany (Dürkheim), etc.

It is believed that the enrichment of underground mineral waters with arsenic occurs in the process of intensified leaching under conditions of elevated temperature and pressure.

M.v. used for drinking treatment, general and local baths. When prescribing drinking treatment, it is assumed that the water received contains therapeutic dose arsenic (including one-time, daily, course), adopted by the pharmacopoeia. Due to the different content of arsenic in the water of a particular source, the amount of water prescribed for drinking at one time can vary widely - from 5 to 200 ml. For example, water from the Sinegorsk field at drinking cure dose with teaspoons (approximately 5 ml per dose), water from the Chvizhepse deposit - up to one glass (approximately 200 ml) per dose.

For baths: apply M. v. for one bath. with arsenic content from 20 to 50 mg/l, temperature 36-37°; The duration of the procedure is 10-15 minutes, for a course of treatment from 10 to 15 baths every other day or daily.

Both with internal and external use of M. v. Arsenic ions penetrate through intact skin or mucous membrane into internal environment body. The intensity of arsenic penetration depends not only on the concentration of arsenic in mineral water, but also on the general mineralization of the water, its basic ionic composition: the greater the amount of arsenic, the higher the general mineralization and the lower the pH, the more intense the penetration of arsenic ions through the skin or mucous membrane of the stomach. quiche tract. Arsenic enters all organs and tissues, but has a special affinity for nervous and muscle tissues. By entering into enzymatic reactions of tissue respiration, arsenic reduces its intensity and reduces the level of free radical oxidation, and therefore the energy potential of cells increases, their resistance and the resistance of the body as a whole to damaging factors increases. Formed during external use of M. v. arsenic deposits on the skin to a certain extent reduce impulses from its receptors, this helps to normalize the processes of excitation and inhibition in the c. n. With. During drinking treatment, the intestinal tract entering the cells of the mucous membrane. tract arsenic increases its resistance to aggressive action gastric juice. An increase in the body's resistance occurs due to the activation of the body's adaptation systems, normalization of nervous, cardiovascular and endocrine systems. Course of treatment for M. v. helps improve central and peripheral hemodynamics, tissue trophism, accelerate regeneration processes, and increase myocardial contractility.

Indications and Contraindications

M.v. used mainly for diseases, the pathogenesis of which is associated with a violation of cellular metabolism: function, disorders of the central, peripheral and vegetative nervous system, hypertonic disease Stages I and II, atherosclerosis in initial stage, atherosclerotic coronary artery sclerosis, coronary heart disease, rheumatism (inactive phase), gastric ulcer and duodenum, endocrine diseases, hyperthyroidism, ovarian dysfunction due to chronic conditions, adnexitis (all diseases outside the period of exacerbation). For all of these diseases, both internal and external treatment of M. v. is used. or their combination, however, for diseases of the gout. tract - predominantly internal, and in diseases of the cardiovascular system and metabolic diseases - predominantly external.

Contraindications to the use of M. v. All diseases serve for which balneotherapy is contraindicated (see Sanatorium and resort selection, table).

Bibliography: Issues of experimental and clinical balneology and physiotherapy, ed. Yu. E. Danilova, p. 114, M., 1975, p. 33, 69, M., 1976; Methods of prevention, diagnosis and therapy endocrine disorders in women, ed. JI. S. Persianinov and M. L. Krymskaya, p. 133, M., 1975; Arsenic-containing mineral waters of the USSR, ed. L. A. Yarotsky, M., 1973.

I. N. Danilova.

Let's talk about one of the many mineral water springs that are located in the vicinity of Krasnaya Polyana. This source is located on the Chvizheps River, in a place called “Bear Corner”, not reaching 10 km from Krasnaya Polyana, that is, you can stop by on the road to Krasnaya Polyana (if you are driving along new road, then before Chvizhepse you need to turn onto the old road). In fact, there are several such sources, but we will tell you how to find the most convenient one. Stock up in advance on the container in which you will fill the narzan (although it is stated that it provides maximum benefit if you drink it directly on the spot), but do not overdo it - like any medicinal mineral water, you should not drink too much of it.

Turning off the highway and driving about 500 meters, you will see many excursion buses, souvenir stalls and the inscription “Narzan Spring Recreational Facility”. This is for vacationers who are transported by bus from Sochi. Let's tell you a secret that even the waterfall in this complex is artificial - it is turned on for tourists in the morning.

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After driving 2 km from the highway along the Chvizhepse River, you will see a large pedestrian bridge on the right (bridge coordinates 43.643225, 40.075707).

This is not the only bridge on the river, but a landmark will help you find the one you need - an abandoned boarding house building on the left - it is just opposite the bridge. So you can't go wrong.

We cross the bridge over the river and turn onto the path to the right.

We walk about 100 meters along the forest path and come to the source. Narzan flows from a pipe dug into the ground.

The composition of Narzan “Chvizhepse” differs from Kislovodsk in the presence of valuable biologically active arsenic and iron (therefore, the soil around the source has a pronounced “rusty” color), but a low content of sulfates and magnesium. In its composition it is carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, sodium-calcium arsenic water.

Let's call Narzan and go for a walk!

Inconspicuous source.

Mineral waters of Chvizhepse provide therapeutic effect on peristalsis and gastric secretion, stimulate blood formation, improve the functioning of the liver and pancreas.

Indications for use:

• chronic pancreatitis.
• chronic gastritis;
• chronic liver diseases;
• gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer;

Chvizhepsinskaya mineral water is recommended for those suffering from iron deficiency anemia and those whose work involves heavy metals. It has also proven itself in the treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, functional disorders of the nervous system, diseases of the respiratory system and urinary tract, as well as metabolic and cardiovascular disorders.

If you didn’t manage to come here, you can buy this mineral water in stores called “Chvizhepsinskaya”, “Medvezhiy Ugol” and “Krasnaya Polyana”.

Myths and legends have brought to us from the most distant times evidence that the waters healing springs have been used since time immemorial. The ancient Greeks, for example, believed that Hercules gained his heroic strength by bathing in a magical spring in the Caucasus, so at one time the mythical hero was even considered the patron of healing waters.

Mineral water

In ancient times, the Greeks built sanctuaries dedicated to the god Asclepius near healing springs (the Romans built temples in honor of Aesculapius in similar places). In Greece, archaeologists have discovered the ruins of an ancient hydropathic clinic, built around the 6th century BC. e.

The remains of ancient baths are also found here in the Caucasus, where they not only bathed, but also were treated with mineral waters. Oral traditions were passed down from generation to generation about miraculous properties waters gushing out of the ground here. The names of many sources indicate this. Hak, “Narzan” (“Nart-sana”) translated from Balkar means “heroic drink”.

The healing power of groundwater was a mystery to ancient people.

It was sometimes attributed to some mysterious creatures that allegedly lived in the springs. However, scientific attempts have also been made to explain the effectiveness of mineral waters. Greek physician Archigenes, who lived in the 1st century AD. e., one of the first in the world to claim that the secret of groundwater is in its composition. He even began to systematize waters, dividing them into four groups: alkaline, ferruginous, salty and sulfurous.

About two thousand years have passed since then. Today no one doubts that the power of these waters is due to the substances they contain. Some substances are contained in mineral waters in the form of ions, others in the form of undissociated molecules, and others are colloidal particles. Of course, different mineral waters differ from each other and in their composition. components and their ratio. Some of these “living waters” are suitable for drinking, others for medicinal baths.

The history of the study and use of mineral waters in Russia is connected with the name of Peter I. By his order, the first hydrotherapy resort in Russia was built on the Marcial (ferruginous) waters in Zaonezhye. Peter I himself was repeatedly treated with these waters, and on his order the first “Doctor’s Rules on how to act with these waters” were drawn up.

The most famous hydrotherapy resort of the USSR, which is also of global importance, is the Caucasian mineral waters, where the excellent climate is combined with big amount sources of the most diverse composition. The date of origin of the resort on the Caucasian mineral waters is considered to be 1803, when a doctor was sent here, and a fortress was already built at the Narzan spring - the embryo of the future city of Kislovodsk.

In 1823 Professor-pharmacologist A.P. Nelyubin was sent to the Caucasus, who, after painstaking research, created a major work “Complete historical, medical-topographical, physical-chemical and medical description of the Caucasian mineral waters. Studying mineral composition The waters were produced by the outstanding chemist N.N. Zinin, and the famous clinician, founder of the Moscow therapeutic school G.A. Zakharyin spoke not only about the beneficial effects of waters at resorts, but also about the benefits of bottled waters in the clinic and at home.

A.S. Pushkin visited the Caucasian mineral waters twice - in 1820 and 1829. on the way to Arzrum. Remembering his first visit, Pushkin wrote:

“... the baths were in hastily built shacks. The springs, mostly in their primeval form, bubbled up, smoked and flowed down from the mountains. different directions, leaving behind white and reddish marks. We scooped boiling water with a bark ladle or the bottom of a broken bottle..."

Back in the middle of the 19th century, treatment in the Caucasian mineral waters, according to tradition, was as follows: first “ dead water" - at the sulfur springs of Pyatigorsk, then with "living water" - in Zheleznovodsk and completed the course in Kislovodsk with "Narzan", which they took in incredible quantities - 30 or more glasses per day!

Only since 1920, When, by decision of the Soviet government, the State Balneological Institute was created in Pyatigorsk, a systematic and comprehensive study of the effects of natural mineral waters began in our country. Nowadays, these issues are being developed in the institutes of balneology in Moscow, Sverdlovsk, Tomsk, Ukraine, Georgia, and Armenia.

In the area of ​​Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk, Essentuki, Zheleznovodek there are about 80 springs with water of 21 types. They provide about 10 million liters of water per day. Both here and abroad, everyone knows “Narzan”, “Essentuki No. 4”, “Essentuki No. 17”, “Smirnovskaya”, “Batalinskaya” and other mineral waters. There is no other place in the world where so many sources are concentrated in a small space; diverse in composition and completely different in their effects on the human body.

So, the healing properties of mineral waters are determined primarily by how much salts they contain. This characteristic is called mineralization and is extremely diverse. For example, the “Darasun” mineral water contains only 2 g of salts per 1 liter, the famous “Narzan” - 4 g. This group of mineral waters is called medicinal table waters (mineralization within 2-8 g/l). Such waters can sometimes be used as table drinks.

Along with an increase in salt concentration, the properties and purpose of mineral waters change significantly. In 1 liter of the well-known water “Essentuki No. 17” there are about 12 g of salts, the mineralization of “Batalinskaya” is 20 g/l, and “Lugela” is up to 52 g/l. These mineral waters have a very significant effect on the human body. strong effect, therefore they belong to the group of medicinal ones. They drink them as prescribed by the doctor and in strictly prescribed quantities. Yes, single dose unique water"Lugela" - just one tablespoon or even a teaspoon.

The label affixed to a bottle of mineral water usually indicates chemical composition water and the amount of main components. Dissolved salts are represented by electrically charged particles - ions. As you know, ions can carry positive or negative charges, and, depending on this, are called either cations or anions.

The healing properties of mineral water and its chemical essence are determined by six main ions: three cations - sodium, calcium, magnesium and three anions - chlorine, sulfate and bicarbonate. All the variety of mineral waters in to a large extent created by various combinations of this magnificent six!

So, for example, the group that includes “Borjomi”, “Dilijan”, “Nabeghlavi”, in which hydrocarbonate ions and sodium ions predominate, is called the group of sodium bicarbonate waters. In everyday life they are also called in the old fashioned way - soda, or alkaline .

If sodium ions are combined with chlorine ions, then the water belongs to the group of sodium chloride, or salty, mineral waters. This group includes “Mirgorodskaya” and “Rostovskaya”. The combination of sodium, chlorine and bicarbonate gives a group of hydrocarbonate-chloride sodium mineral waters (they are also called “salt-alkaline”): “Essentuki M” 4,” “Essentuki No. 17,” “Arzni.” But “Narzan” contains four main ions: magnesium, calcium, bicarbonate and sulfate, which is why it is called “sulfate-bicarbonate magnesium-calcium mineral water.”

Carbon dioxide, or carbonic anhydride, or what we used to call “carbon dioxide” - makes mineral water pleasant to the taste; sparkling water quenches thirst better.

We can say that it is thanks to carbon dioxide that many healing mineral waters are formed in giant underground laboratories: dissolved carbon dioxide acts on the surrounding rocks, resulting in the formation of calcium, magnesium and sodium hydrocarbonates. CO2 owes its birth to such wonderful waters as Narzan, Dilijan, Essentuki, Borjomi and many others.

Carbon dioxide is also needed to stabilize the chemical composition of mineral waters, so before bottling, the water is additionally saturated with carbon dioxide to preserve its healing properties.

May with full confidence assert that in addition to the six main ions mentioned, almost the entire periodic table is present in mineral waters. Those elements that are contained in very small quantities are called microelements and even ultramicroelements. Among them are iron, cobalt, molybdenum, arsenic, fluorine, manganese, copper, iodine, bromine, lithium. Including with clearly expressed pharmacological action- , arsenic, iodine and bromine.

Iron is found in many mineral waters of Siberia and the Caucasus.

The highest amount of iron is in the above-mentioned “Martial” waters - up to 70 mg/l. The presence of iron makes even water with very low mineralization, for example, “Polustrovo” (less than 1 g/l), healing. If the iron content reaches 20 mg/l, then the water is considered “ferrous” and is prescribed to people suffering from anemia.

Arsenic is a substance with pronounced toxic and pharmacological properties.

Mineral waters containing 0.7 mg/l of arsenic and higher have a specific therapeutic effect and are classified as mineral waters. arsenic waters. “Avadhara”, “TurshSu”, “Jermuk” are medicinal table waters, they contain no more than 1.5 mg/l of arsenic. Among the arsenic mineral waters, Chvizhepse water, or Sochi Narzan, also appeared.

Among drinking mineral waters there are also bromine waters.

(As you know, bromine is used in the treatment of nervous system disorders.) Among them, “Lugela” and “Talitskaya” are used only as prescribed by a doctor, and “Nizhne-Serginskaya” is a medical canteen. The lower the mineralization of water and the less chlorides it contains, the more pronounced the effect of bromine on the human body is. The group of iodine waters includes “Azovskaya” and “Semigorskaya”. Iodine is important trace element and plays an important role in the functioning of the thyroid gland.

Drinking mineral waters also contain organic substances.

The organic composition of mineral waters is still largely unexplored. It is to him, most likely, that she owes her healing power"Naftusya" - mineral water of the Truskavets resort.

According to the chemical composition, there are six classes of mineral waters: hydrocarbonate, chloride, sulfate, mixed, biologically active and carbonated. Based on temperature, mineral waters are divided into cold (up to 20 °C), subthermal (20-37 °C), thermal (37 - 42 °C) and hyperthermal (over 42 °C).

The technology for bottled bottling of mineral waters necessarily includes saturation with carbon dioxide up to 0.3-0.4% through asbestos, plate or ceramic filters. According to the requirements of the state standard, mineral water is a colorless liquid, without foreign odors and tastes unusual for it. Mineral water is bottled on powerful automatic and semi-automatic lines into bottles, usually with a capacity of 0.5 and 0.33 liters. Each bottle must have a label indicating the release date and description. By special permission For some waters, release without labels is allowed - “Narzan”, “Kyiv”, and the necessary data is indicated on the crown.

It should be noted that one cannot expect any miraculous effect from medicinal mineral waters. At correct use them, with simultaneous adherence to diet and general regimen, with the exception of unnecessarily irritating factors (primarily alcohol), the consumption of mineral waters gives good results.

Bottled mineral waters are, however, increasingly used as table waters. This is explained by their pleasant taste, saturation with carbon dioxide and a number of other advantages over fresh water. When we sweat profusely, our body loses significant amount salts Consumption fresh water does not compensate for these losses, for this reason an undesirable depletion of the body in salts may occur.

It has been established that workers in hot shops sweat less when quenching their thirst with salted rather than fresh water. But mineral water is such salted water, but its composition, in addition to table salt, also includes other salts necessary for the body. Not to mention the fact that the sanitary condition of bottled mineral water is always impeccable.

The main condition for using mineral waters as table waters is their low mineralization, since the use of highly mineralized waters can lead to undesirable results.

Taking into account the effects of mineral waters on the body, it can be assumed that sodium chloride type waters with a mineralization of no higher than 4-4.5 g/l should be used as table waters; for hydrocarbonate waters this limit is about 6 g/l, and for waters mixed composition it is between the specified values. Reasonable use of mineral table waters has beneficial influence on the body.

Mineral waters of our country.

"Avadhara"

Carbon dioxide ferrous hydrocarbonate-sodium mineral water of the Borjomi type. Contains arsenic in an amount of 1.2 mg/l. Recommended for treatment gastrointestinal tract, liver, urinary tract. Can only be used as directed by a doctor. The source is located 16 km from the high mountain lake Ritsa in the Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

"Alma-Ata"

Chloride-sulfate, sodium mineral medicinal water. Recommended for stomach and liver diseases. Can also be used as a dining room. The source is located on the bank of the river. Or, 165 km from Almaty (Ayak-Kalkan resort).

"Amurskaya"

Carbon dioxide ferrous bicarbonate-calcium magnesium-sodium water. It is similar to the Darasun water, widely known in Transbaikalia, but has a higher mineralization. Good for the treatment of chronic catarrhs ​​of the stomach and intestines, chronic inflammation Bladder And renal pelvis. Source (Kisly Klyuch) - in the Amur region.

"Arzni"-medicinal and table carbonic chloride bicarbonate-sodium mineral water. It has a pleasant sour taste. Indicated in the treatment of the digestive system, liver and urinary tract. Source at the Arzni resort, in the gorge of the river. Hrazdan, 24 km from Yerevan.

"Arshan"

Carbon dioxide bicarbonate-sulfate calcium-magnesium water of medium mineralization. A close analogue of the Kislovodsk “Narzan”. Can also be used as table water. The source is on the territory of the Arshan resort, 220 km from Irkutsk.

"Achaluki"

Hydrocarbonate-sodium mineral water of low mineralization with a high content of sulfates. The source is located in the village. Middle Achaluki, 45 km from Grozny (Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic). A pleasant, thirst-quenching table drink.

"Badamlinskaya"

Carbon dioxide bicarbonate sodium-calcium mineral water of low mineralization. The source is 2 km from the village. Badamly, Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. It is famous as an excellent table drink, refreshing and well quenching thirst.

This water is also used for catarrhal diseases of the stomach, intestines and urinary tract.

"Batalinskaya"

Bitter, highly mineralized water with a high content of magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfate, is known as a very effective laxative. It is distinguished by its mild action and does not cause painful sensations. Source - near the station. Inozemtsevo, 9 km from Pyatigorsk.

"Berezovskaya"

Hydrocarbonate calcium-sodium-magnesium low-mineralized water with a high content of organic substances. Regulates gastrointestinal secretion and increases diuresis. The springs are 25 km from Kharkov.

"Borjomi"

Carbon dioxide sodium bicarbonate alkaline mineral water. Doctors recommend it to people suffering from diseases of the stomach and duodenum, usually accompanied by high acidity, disorders water-salt metabolism. "Borjomi" is prescribed for inflammatory processes upper respiratory tract and gastric mucosa, stagnation in gallbladder and in the biliary tract.

"Borjomi"

is a world-famous mineral water, very pleasant to the taste, and perfectly quenches thirst. Its source is in Georgian SSR, on the territory of the Borjomi resort.

"Bukovinskaya"

Ferrous sulfate calcium water of low mineralization. Known in the western regions of Ukraine as a good remedy for diseases gastrointestinal tract, liver and anemia. Can be used as table water.

"Burkut"

Carbon dioxide bicarbonate-chloride calcium-sodium mineral water. A pleasant table drink. It is also used for chronic catarrh of the stomach and intestines. The source is located in the river gorge. Shtifulets, in the Ivano-Frankivsk region.

"Vytautas"

Chloride-sulfate sodium-magnesium mineral water, the source of which is located on the banks of the Neman (Lithuanian SSR). Used in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and biliary tract.

"Valmiera"

Sodium calcium chloride water comes from deep well on the territory of the Valmiera meat processing plant (Latvian SSR). Total mineralization 6.2. Used in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

"Hot key"

Chloride-bicarbonate sodium mineral water of medium mineralization from source No. 68 of the Goryachiy Klyuch resort, located 65 km from Krasnodar. Its composition is close to Essentuki No. 4 water. It is very famous in Kuban as a good remedy for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and as a table drink.

"Darasun"

Carbon dioxide ferrous hydrocarbonate-calcium-magnesium water with high content free carbon dioxide. Its source is located on the territory of one of the oldest resorts in Siberia, Darasun, in the Crimean district of the Chita region. Water “Darasun” (translated as “Red Water”) is close in composition to Kislovodsk “Narzan”, but differs from it almost complete absence sulfates and less mineralization. Widely known in Transbaikalia as an excellent refreshing table drink. It is also used for medicinal purposes for catarrh of the stomach, chronic colitis and cystitis, phosphaturia.

"Jermuk"

Carbon dioxide bicarbonate sulfate-sodium mineral water. Hot spring is located in the high mountain resort of Jermuk, 175 km from Yerevan. It is a fairly close analogue of the famous waters of the Czechoslovak resort of Karlovy Vary, but differs from them in lower mineralization and higher calcium content. It is also close in composition to the waters “Slavyanovskaya” and “Smirnovskaya”.

Water "Jermuk"

Very effective remedy for the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, bile and urinary tract. Can also be used as table mineral water.

"Dilijan"

Carbon dioxide sodium bicarbonate mineral water, similar in chemical composition to Borjomi, but with lower mineralization. Used for diseases of the digestive and urinary tract. Indicated for catarrh of the stomach, mainly with high acidity.

"Dragovskaya"

-carbonic bicarbonate-chloride sodium water of medium mineralization. The chemical composition is close to Essentuki No. 4 mineral water. The source is located on the right bank of the Tereblya River in Transcarpathian region. It is successfully used in the treatment of chronic diseases of the stomach, intestines, liver, biliary tract, obesity, and mild forms of diabetes.

"Druskininkai"

Sodium chloride mineral water. It is used for chronic catarrhs ​​of the stomach, mainly with low acidity, and intestinal catarrhs. The Spalis spring is located on the territory of the ancient resort of Druskininkai, 140 km from Vilnius.

"Essentuki"

General Name of a group of medicinal and table mineral waters, numbered according to their sources of origin, located in the Stavropol Territory, at the Essentuki resort.

"Essentuki No. 4"

Carbon dioxide bicarbonate-chloride-sodium medicinal water of medium mineralization. Recommended for diseases of the stomach, intestines, liver, gall bladder, and urinary tract. Has a beneficial effect on metabolic processes, causing a shift in the acid-base balance to the alkaline side.

"Essentuki No. 17"

Carbon dioxide bicarbonate-chloride sodium water of high mineralization. It is used with great success for the same diseases as “Essentuki No. 4” (except for diseases of the urinary tract), and sometimes in combination with it.

"Essentuki No. 20"

-- table mineral water, belonging to the type of low-mineralized sulfate bicarbonate calcium-magnesium waters. Bitter-salty taste, with a sourish aftertaste of carbon dioxide.

"Izhevskaya"

Sulfate-chloride-sodium-calcium-magnesium mineral water. Recommended for the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, as well as metabolic disorders. Can also be used as a table drink. The source is located 2 km from the Izhevsk Mineral Waters resort in the village of Izhevka, Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

"IstiSu"

Carbon dioxide hydrocarbonate-chloride sodium water of medium mineralization with a high content of sulfates of the hot spring of the Isti-Su resort, located 25 km from the regional center of Kelbajary (Azerbaijan SSR) at an altitude of 2225 m above sea level.

"Isti-Su" belongs to terminal waters and is similar in composition to the waters of the Karlovy Vary resort in Czechoslovakia. The healing properties of this water have been known since ancient times. Indications for treatment with Isti-Su water are chronic catarrhs ​​and functional disorders of the stomach and intestines, chronic diseases liver, gallbladder, gout, obesity, mild forms of diabetes.

"Karmadon"

Sodium chloride thermal mineral water with a high content of bicarbonates. It is classified as medicinal, but can also be used as a table drink. Indicated in the treatment of chronic catarrhs ​​of the stomach, mainly with low acidity, and chronic catarrhs ​​of the intestines. The source is located 35 km from Ordzhonikidze.

"Kemeri"

Chloride sodium-calcium-magnesium mineral water from a source located in the resort of Kemeri in the Latvian SSR. It is a very effective remedy in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

"Kyiv"

Table mineral water of hydrocarbonate-calcium-magnesium type. Produced by the Kyiv Experimental Plant of Soft Drinks, where water treatment using an ionizer with silver ions (0.2 mg/l) was introduced.

"Kishinevskaya"

Low-mineralized sulfate-hydrocarbonate magnesium-sodium-calcium mineral water is a table drink that is refreshing and well quenches thirst.

"Korneshtskaya"

Hydrocarbonate sodium mineral water from the Cornesti spring in the Moldavian SSR. It belongs to the Borjomi type of water, but is less mineralized and does not contain free carbon dioxide.

"Korneshtskaya"

"Krainka"

Calcium sulfate mineral water with high magnesium content. with their own healing properties known since the last century. It is very effective in the treatment of diseases of the stomach, liver, urinary tract and metabolic disorders. Can also be used as a table drink.

"Kuyalnik"

Sodium chloride-bicarbonate water comes from a source located in the Kuyalnik resort in Odessa. It is successfully used in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and is a pleasant table drink that quenches thirst well.

"Lugela"

Calcium chloride highly mineralized water is unique in its chemical composition. The source is located in the village of Mukhuri in Georgia. Due to the very high content calcium chloride Use only as directed by a doctor. Indications for treatment: tuberculosis of the lungs and lymphatic glands, allergic diseases, inflammation of the kidneys with hematuria, as well as diseases for which calcium chloride is usually prescribed.

"Luzhanskaya"

Carbon dioxide sodium bicarbonate water of the Borjomi type. Contains such biological active substances as boron, fluorine, silicic acid, as well as free carbon dioxide. Has high medicinal properties, used for diseases of the digestive system and liver.

This mineral water has been known since the 15th century. It began to be bottled in 1872 - then it was called “Margit”. It is divided into No. 1 and No. 2 - slightly different in chemical composition. The source is located in the Svalyavsky district of the Transcarpathian region.

"Lysogorskaya"

Sulfate-chloride sodium-magnesium water of increased mineralization, similar to mineral water "Batalinskaya", is an effective laxative. The source is located 22 km from the resort of Pyatigorsk. The chemical composition is close to “Batalinskaya”, but differs from it in lower mineralization and a significantly higher content of chlorine ions.

"Mashuk No. 19"

Chloride-hydrocarbonate-sulfate sodium-calcium thermal mineral water of medium mineralization. In composition, it is quite close to the water from the source of the Karlovy Vary resort in Czechoslovakia. The drilling site is located on Mount Mashuk in the Pyatigorsk resort. Is good remedy for diseases of the liver and biliary tract, as well as for diseases of the digestive system. “Mirgorodskaya” is sodium chloride water of low mineralization. Has valuable healing properties: helps increase the secretion and acidity of gastric juice, stimulates intestinal activity, improves metabolism. Can also be used as a table drink; it quenches thirst well.

"Raid"

Carbon dioxide sodium bicarbonate mineral water like the famous Borjomi water. The source is located on the territory of the Nabeglavi resort. Used in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

"Narzan"

Carbon dioxide bicarbonate-sulfate calcium-magnesium mineral water, which has won worldwide fame. An excellent refreshing table drink. It quenches thirst well and promotes good appetite.

Can be used to treat a number of diseases. Being well saturated with carbon dioxide, Narzan enhances the secretory activity of the digestive glands. The significant content of calcium bicarbonate makes this water a drink with anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic effects. "Narzan" has a beneficial effect on the activity of the urinary tract.

The springs are located in Kislovodsk.

"Naftusya"

Hydrocarbonate calcium-magnesium medicinal water. Indispensable for urological diseases. It is produced under the name “Truskavetska” (“Naftusya No. 2”). It contains significantly less organic substances than the water of the main source “Naftusya”, located in the resort of Truskavets, Lviv region.

"Obolonskaya"

Chloride-bicarbonate sodium-calcium-magnesium table water. A good refreshing drink bottled in Kyiv at the Obolon brewery.

"Polyustrovskaya"

Ferrous, slightly mineralized water, known since 1718. Due to its high iron content, it is used for anemia, blood loss, and loss of strength. Drinking this water helps to increase the hemoglobin content in the blood. It is also used as a table drink that quenches thirst well. The source is located near Leningrad.

"Polyana Kvasova"

Carbon dioxide bicarbonate sodium mineral water with a significant content of carbon dioxide. Borjomi is superior in mineralization and hydrocarbonate content. It is successfully used in the treatment of diseases of the stomach, intestines, liver, and urinary tract.

The source is located in the Transcarpathian region.

"Sairme"

Carbon dioxide ferrous bicarbonate sodium-calcium mineral water. Recommended for the treatment of chronic catarrhs ​​of the stomach, mainly with high acidity, obesity, mild forms of diabetes, chronic catarrhs ​​and functional disorders intestines, for diseases of the urinary tract. It is also a pleasant table drink. The source is located in Georgia, on the territory of the Sairme resort.

"Svalyava"

Carbon dioxide sodium bicarbonate water, known since ancient times. Since 1800, “Svalyava” has been exported to Vera and Paris as an exquisite table drink. Among the biologically active components it contains boron. The source is located on the right bank of the Latoritsa River in the village. Svalyava, Transcarpathian region.

"Sergeevna M2"

Chloride-hydrocarbonate-sodium water, in chemical composition, resembles the well-known domestic mineral waters “Arzni”, “Dzau-Suar”, “Kuyalnik No. 4”, “Goryachiy Klyuch”. Recommended for peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis.

"Sirabskaya"

Carbon dioxide sodium bicarbonate water of medium mineralization.

Close in composition to Borjomi. It is popular as an effective remedy in the treatment of a number of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and metabolism. Its sources are located 3 km from Nakhichevan, on the Araks.

"Slavyanovskaya"

Carbon dioxide bicarbonate-sulfate sodium-calcium water of low mineralization. Its temperature when reaching the surface is 38-39 °C. It is very effective in the treatment of many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

"Smirnovskaya"

In terms of chemical composition and mineralization, it is close to the water near the Slavyanovsky spring. More different from her high temperature(55 °C) or more high content natural carbon dioxide. The indications for treatment with Smirnovskaya mineral water are the same as for Slavyanovskaya. Both can be used as a table drink.

"Feodosia"

- sodium sulfate chloride water. The source is located 2 km from Feodosia - on Bald Mountain. It is successfully used in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver. When drinking this water, intestinal function is regulated; in obese people suffering from metabolic disorders, weight may decrease under the influence of this water.

“Kharkovskaya” is the name under which two types of mineral waters from sources near Kharkov are produced.

"Kharkovskaya M 1"

Hydrocarbonate calcium-sodium low-mineralized water is similar to Berezovskaya water. It is used as a table drink, as well as in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and metabolism.

"Kharkovskaya M 2"

Sulfate-hydrocarbonate calcium-sodium-magnesium low-mineralized water. This water is a pleasant table drink, refreshing and thirst-quenching. It is used for the same diseases as Kharkovskaya No. 1 water.

"Kherson"

Ferrous weakly mineralized chloride-sulfate-bicarbonate sodium-calcium-magnesium water. Basically, this is table water, which tastes good and quenches thirst well. How glandular can be useful for various forms of anemia and general loss of strength.

Artificial mineral waters are obtained by dissolving in drinking water neutral or alkaline salts and saturating the solution with carbon dioxide.

Soda water is a clear, colorless liquid with a salty taste, containing 0.2-0.25 soda, 0.15-0.1 sodium chloride table salt.

Seltzer water is obtained by dissolving the same salts and calcium chloride (0.1-0.15), magnesium chloride. It also has a salty taste.

• - city, district center, Stavropol region. Originated as a village. at Art. , which served the resorts of the Caucasian mineral waters, which determined its name. Since 1920 the city. ...

  Geographical encyclopedia

• - In the Stavropol Territory, regional subordination, regional center, 170 km southeast of Stavropol...

  Cities of Russia

• - medical dining rooms and medical dining rooms...

  Universal additional practical Dictionary I. Mostitsky

• - waters containing a number of specific microcomponents in quantities not less than those indicated below. Microcomponents Quantity, g/l Water Carbon dioxide CO2 free Total selenium titrated with iodine 0.750 Carbon dioxide 0.010 ...
• - natural waters containing in their salt composition increased amount arsenous acid...

  Dictionary of hydrogeology and engineering geology

• - characterized by higher content of certain biologically active components and often have increased temperature and radioactivity...

  Natural science. encyclopedic Dictionary

• - I Mineral waters are underground waters characterized by a high content of biologically active mineral components and having specific physical and chemical properties, on which their...

  Medical encyclopedia

• - natural waters containing in high concentrations any mineral components and gases that can have a healing effect on the human body...

  Big medical dictionary

• - - groundwater characterized by a high content of biologically active chemicals. and organic components and having specific...

  Geological encyclopedia

• - groundwater, characterized by a high content of some biologically active components and having certain physicochemical properties that allow the use...

  Ecological dictionary

• - groundwater, usually associated with zones of tectonic ruptures and differing elevated temperature, radioactivity, high content of various biologically active components...

  Ecological dictionary

• - groundwater at higher altitudes content of gases, chemical ions. elements and their connections...

  Big Encyclopedic Polytechnic Dictionary

• - - Use of M. waters, in the modern sense, i.e. systematic correct treatment them, on the advice of a doctor, was practiced in Greece on a significant scale...

  Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron

• - Mineralnye Vody is a city in the Stavropol Territory of the RSFSR. Located in the valley of the river. Kuma. Railway station on the Armavir - Prokhladnaya line, an electrified line departs from M.V. to Kislovodsk...

  Great Soviet Encyclopedia

• - characterized by an increased content of some biologically active, chemical and organic components...

  Modern encyclopedia

"arsenic mineral waters" in books

Mineral water

author Ershov Vasily Vasilievich

Mineral water

From the book Sled Dog Tales author Ershov Vasily Vasilievich

Mineralnye Vody Mineralnye Vody airport lies in the foothills, and right next to the runway Mount Snake rises like a huge pie, so the approach there must be made precisely. And passengers are flying there great amount. Therefore, the airfield is equipped with excellent landing facilities,

Mineral water

From the book Sled Dog Tales author Ershov Vasily Vasilievich

Mineralnye Vody Mineralnye Vody airport lies in the foothills, and right next to the runway Mount Snake rises like a huge pie, so the approach there must be made precisely. And a huge number of passengers fly there. Therefore, the airfield is equipped with excellent landing facilities,

MINERAL WATER

From book Healing drinks author Stekolnikov Leonid Ilyich

Mineral water

From the author's book

Mineralnye Vody After a two-week stay in Novorossiysk, I finally hit the road. I managed to get a separate compartment, and the trip was completed in complete comfort. Of course, the trains did not run according to a specific and precise schedule, but took about twice as long as before.

Mineral water

From the book Encyclopedic Dictionary (M) author Brockhaus F.A.

Mineral waters Mineral waters (historical and administrative; in medical terms - balneology and balneotherapy). – The use of M. waters, in the modern sense, that is, systematic correct treatment with them, on the advice of a doctor, was practiced in Greece on a significant scale.

Mineral water

TSB

Mineral water

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (MI) by the author TSB

Mineral water

From the book Liver Diseases [The Most effective methods treatment] author Vasilyeva Alexandra

Mineral waters Balneotherapy - treatment with natural or artificially prepared waters. That's what it says in the encyclopedia. In this case, treatment means both taking mineral waters internally and bathing in them. You can write poems about the benefits of mineral waters, well, if not

Mineral water

From the book Kidney Diseases [The most effective treatment methods] author Vasilyeva Alexandra

Mineral waters If you have urate stones, it is best to drink alkaline mineral waters (“Essentuki” No. 4 and No. 17, “Smirnovskaya”, “Slavyanovskaya”, “Borjomi”, “Jermuk”). For phosphate problems, it is advisable to use mineral waters that promote oxidation of urine (“Dolomite

Mineral water

From the book Treatment of Diseases genitourinary system author Miroshnichenko Svetlana Anatolyevna

Mineral waters Treatment with mineral waters is very effective and beneficial for the body. But mineral waters can bring even greater benefits if we drink them not only when we are already sick, but also before the disease occurs, that is, for the purpose of prevention. It is necessary

Mineral water

From the book Phytocosmetics: Recipes that give youth, health and beauty author Zakharov Yuri Alexandrovich

Mineral waters Mineral waters are usually called waters from natural sources, characterized by a high content of biologically active mineral substances and (or) possessing certain special properties(chemical composition, radioactivity, temperature, etc.),

Mineral water

From the book How to Restore Health after Illness, Injury, Surgery author Popova Julia

Mineral waters For stomach diseases, mineral waters can be used to maintain the effect of the main treatment. Among mineral waters, gastroenterologists recommend “Essentuki” No. 4 or 17, “Starorusskaya Voda”, “Vytautas”, “Druskininkai”, “Mashuk” No. 19 and others.

Mineral water

From the book Pancreatitis. What to do? author

Mineral waters The healing properties of mineral waters gastroenterologists who specifically deal with pathology digestive tract, are rated highly. The chemical composition of mineral waters is quite complex; mineral, organic and even

Mineral water

From the book Cholecystitis. What to do? author Eliseev Alexander Gennadievich

Mineral waters Mineral waters have special composition and special physical properties, which distinguish medicinal waters from ordinary natural waters, and are therefore used in the treatment and prevention of diseases. The composition of mineral waters is quite complex, it includes minerals