Stomach flu symptoms and treatment in adults. Intestinal (stomach) flu: infection and pathogens, signs, how to treat

Many gardeners are wondering how to grow peanuts on their own plot. The plant comes from South America, but the climate of central Europe is quite suitable for cultivating exotic groundnut. To obtain a harvest, you need to purchase seed material and study agricultural technology.

Peanuts - planting and growing at home

Groundnuts are an annual plant and are sown annually. It belongs to the legume family and has the taste of a real nut. Its fruits are formed in a peel, several pieces at a time, and grow underground. The lower pollinated flowers of the plant reach out to the soil and gradually sink completely into it, after which the birth of the crop begins. For peanuts, a simple method of growing them in ordinary pots located on the windowsill at home is also quite suitable. You just need to plant it in light soil, provide sufficient quantity light, protect from drafts.

How to plant peanuts at home?

Before planting peanuts at home, you need to prepare a wide container (30-40 cm in diameter) so that later its shoots do not hang over the edges of the pot. Optimal time for sowing - mid-April. Landing rules:

It is better to purchase seeds in specialized stores; they are soaked in water overnight, adding a drop. By morning, the nuts open slightly and the root appears;
the substrate is prepared from humus and sand, taken in equal parts;
it is convenient to plant the seeds in peat tablets (this method will require further replanting) or directly to a permanent place;
the container is filled with wet substrate;
the germinated seed is planted in the middle to a depth of 2-2.5 cm;
to create a warm microclimate, cover the pot with cellophane and place it in a warm place;
For germination, the greenhouse is regularly ventilated.

Peanut care at home

For the successful development of the plant, it is necessary to follow the agricultural practices for cultivating groundnuts. How to grow peanuts at home in a pot:

Watering. The seedlings must be moistened regularly, avoiding the sputum of the coma.
Spraying. On hot days, the sprout is irrigated with water at room temperature in the morning and evening.
Temperature regime. Optimal - +20-27°C, conditions below +15°C and above +30°C destroy the fruit.
Hilling. Conducted at the end of July to a height of 3 cm, then twice more in August to a height of 1.5-2 cm.

When the plant reaches a height of 20 cm, it blooms (40-45 days). In place of the orange petals, ovaries appear and burrow into the ground. Fruits form at a depth of 8-10 cm. The signal for harvesting will be yellowed leaves. The plant is pulled out of the ground and laid out in the sun to dry. After 10-12 days, the nuts will begin to separate well from the shell. Each bush produces about fifty beans with 1-7 nuts inside the shell.

How to grow peanuts in the garden?

Before growing peanuts in open ground, it is important to familiarize yourself with some of the features of its cultivation. For planting nuts, choose open areas with good ventilation and bright lighting. The best predecessors are potatoes, cucumbers, cabbage. It is difficult to grow a good harvest after legumes. The soil needs to be loose, permeable, neutral. Peanuts grow when planted and cared for in open ground at a temperature of +20°C. When it decreases, the development of the plant stops; in this case, it is advisable to cover the crop with film.

How to properly plant peanut seedlings in the country?

The seeds are pre-soaked at the end of April (you can also place them in a solution of potassium permanganate for 30 minutes), after 10 days sprouts appear on them. The beans are then placed in open ground. After germination, the groundnut will develop faster. This method will protect the bean from the mole cricket, which often eats the seeds in the ground. It is better to choose large specimens for sowing; small fruits may not sprout at all. How to plant peanuts in the garden:

planting is carried out in holes 10 cm deep with a distance of 50 cm between specimens. You can plant in rows with a distance of 30 cm or in a staggered manner;
You can grow peanuts in squares 60x60 or 70x70 cm;
the soil should be loose and fluffy, since the crop prefers soft soil;
Sprouted beans are used for planting; the remains of the leaves can also be thrown into the hole - they will act as fertilizer for the roots;
3 seeds are placed in each hole, because weak ones may not sprout;
after planting, the bed is irrigated with low pressure so as not to wash away the top layer of soil;
seedlings grow within a month to a height of 25-75 cm.

Peanut planting time

Since peanuts can only be grown in a warm environment, sowing is done after the soil temperature warms up to +15°C. This happens in mid-May after planting melons. Frosts are detrimental to groundnuts, so before planting peanuts in the open ground at the dacha, you need to wait for stable warm weather. You can place the beans in cups 3-4 cm in diameter in April and place them on a sunny windowsill. The seedlings are then moved into open ground in early June.

Peanut care in open ground

Peanuts, when grown in open ground, require normal care - they require watering, fertilizing, and pest control. Young low seedlings must be protected from weeds. Weeding the rows is combined with loosening the soil after it has been moistened. After the leaves of the plant turn yellow and the seeds begin to easily emerge from the beans, it is time to harvest (the second half of September). First, the bushes are dug up and the fruits are allowed to dry. Store the crop at the stage of unshelled beans in fabric bags in a dry room at +8-10°C. Up to 0.5 kg of nuts are collected from one bush.

Features of growing peanuts in open ground

The groundnut has interesting feature– it blooms for one day. Sometimes this process goes almost unnoticed by gardeners. Early in the morning in June, the buds bloom, and in the evening they already wither - during this time they have time to be pollinated. 1.5-2 months after flowering, the ovaries sink into the ground and grow deeper, where the formation of the fruits of the crop will occur.

Growing peanuts in the garden is accompanied by mandatory hilling. 10 days after flowering, the ovaries are sprinkled with moist, loose soil to a depth of 5-7 cm (like potatoes) so that nutrient medium reached the receptacle. As a rule, two more hillings with a break of 10 days will help to grow peanuts, during which the stem of the plant is gradually covered. It is recommended to carry out the procedure after watering or rain.

Conditions for growing peanuts - soil

It is important for gardeners to know where peanuts are grown. The site should be open without a hint of shadow from fences, buildings, or trees. The soil for groundnuts needs moist, light, with a high percentage of humus, calcium and magnesium - black soil or sandy loam. The crop cannot tolerate saline soils, and acidic soils must be limed before planting. Before growing peanuts, the site is prepared: during autumn digging, 1-3 kg of humus per 1 m2 of site is added to the ground to a depth of 30 cm. In the spring, the planting site is again shallowly loosened with the addition of 50 grams for each m2.

How to plant peanuts correctly - watering features

Groundnut prefers moist rather than wet soil. Excessive watering can lead to fruit rotting. How to grow groundnuts at the dacha - irrigation:

moisten the crop if the top layer of soil dries out - approximately once a day of the week;
at the flowering stage, the sprouts are watered abundantly - in the mornings once or twice a week;
the water for the procedure should not be cold - it needs to be slightly warmed up in the sun;
after the formation of the ovary, instead of watering, it is recommended to spray every other day in the evening;
after each moistening, the soil is loosened so that it is enriched with oxygen;
if it rains regularly in the area, watering can be skipped;
a month before harvesting, moisturizing is stopped. If you water the plant heavily in September, the fruits will take longer to ripen.

Growing peanuts - feeding

Groundnuts are fed twice a season. Fertilizers have a good effect on growth and yield. The plant reacts favorably to potassium and phosphorus. How to grow peanuts in the country - fertilizers:

the initial feeding is done after the foliage reaches 10 cm in height - the bush is fed with 20 g of ammonium nitrate, 45 g of potassium salt, 70 g of superphosphate per 10 liters of water;
The second feeding is repeated at the fruiting stage.

How to grow peanuts - diseases and pests?

How to grow quality peanuts - diseases:

The disease appears as spots of plaque on both sides of the leaves. In case of damage, fungicides will help - Topaz, Bravo, Quadris.
Phyllosticosis or leaf spot. Recognized by brown clearings up to 6 mm in diameter, which progress with high humidity. Fungicides are effective in combating the disease wide range actions.
Appears after flowering in the form of rusty spots moving from the leaves to the stems. The fruits on the affected bushes do not ripen. Compliance with agricultural technology for crop development, maintaining crop rotation, and timely feeding will help to grow a healthy bush.

Peanut crops in central and southern Russia are quite rare, but with some knowledge, even without the slightest experience, getting a harvest of this crop is quite simple. Peanuts belong to annuals, the family is legumes.. The bush of the plant is small, up to 40 cm in height, with pinnate leaves. Flowers yellow color small. After the flowers die, fruits, protected by a peel, begin to form in the ground.

Content:

Concerning pollination and production of peanut crop, then this process is quite complex, because the flower lives for only a day and during this time it must be pollinated, so the abundant flowering of plants is imperceptible. Favorable conditions for the formation of the ovary do not always exist, but the peculiarity of the plant is that it can form up to 200 flowers during the entire period of vegetative development.

The peculiarity of peanut fruiting is the following fact - the fruits are not formed in root system like potatoes, and in mustache, which sends out plants from lateral branches in place of flowers. Based on the above, it should be noted that the plant during the period of fruit formation Frequent hilling is required loose soil.

Peanuts are considered to be native to South America, where their relatives grow in unprotected soil like weeds, thanks to the ideal balance of air temperature (high) and humidity (medium humidity). Under our conditions, fruits are not preserved in the soil during wintering; high humidity can contribute to the plant becoming infected with contagious fungal diseases, and low humidity causes flowers to fall off. This crop grows ideally at temperatures +20…+27 degrees. The plant is stunted at temperatures above +30 degrees and below 15 degrees.

In the open ground our crop can only be planted in the south of Russia, although many gardeners are cultivating “groundnuts” in other regions. This is possible thanks to a huge number of peanut varieties, more than 700.

It is recommended to plant peanuts in the soil sprouted seeds - in the southern regions seeds are planted in prepared holes in open ground, V middle lane It is recommended to plant seeds in a film greenhouse(possibly between rows between other crops, for example, between tomatoes).

If peanuts do not sprout, then the reasons should be sought in the seeds - they may be damaged or dry, so nuts from the market are not always full-fledged seed material.

Preparing seed material for planting

There are several methods for preparing peanut seeds before planting in the soil: germination And growing two-week-old seedlings in peat cups. In the latter case, the ripening time of the plant is accelerated, the plant is not damaged by the mole cricket. To protect plants from this pest, baits are made: peelings and rejected root crops are dropped into the soil, then the area is covered with a sheet of roofing material and sprinkled with earth. Traps need to be checked periodically when collecting mole crickets.

Peanut seeds should be soaked at the end of April., and germination lasts 10 days. To disinfect seeds, use a weak (pink) solution of potassium permanganate. In the middle lane It is recommended to harden the seeds, do this in the following way: during the day, within 18-20 hours, the seeds are kept at a temperature of +2...+3 degrees, at night at room temperature.

The duration of seed hardening should last no more than three days.

After the sprouts appear, the seeds are planted in cups with previously prepared loose soil or in a permanent place in unprotected soil. When planting plants in open ground, leave a distance of 20 centimeters between plants, and 25 centimeters between rows. Peanut is a heat-loving culture Therefore, it is better to cover the plantings with a film pre-stretched over a prepared frame; remove the film only after stable warm weather has established.

According to folk beliefs Peanuts in the southern regions can be planted without the use of protective structures - this time comes with the flowering of viburnum.

Agricultural technology for growing peanuts

The main activity when growing peanuts is their hilling; the amount of harvest depends on the number and correctness of hilling. Peanuts bloom in the last ten days of June and continues to bloom almost until the end of August. At this time, experienced gardeners carry out several hillings peanut plants. For the first time, it is recommended to fill the root zone of plants by about 3 centimeters with a mixture of garden soil and compost. In August, you need to carry out two more hillings with the same mixture, adding up to 2 centimeters of the same bedding.

Peanut harvesting begin with the beginning of yellowing of the leaves in September. The plant must be carefully dug up so as not to damage the fruits and shaken to remove the soil. Drying beans in the sun, together with the above-ground part. After about two weeks, the fruits are ready for further use. It is recommended to keep the nuts for sowing with the peel, so they are better preserved.

Peanuts are used to make coffee, cocoa, and halva; they are eaten raw or fried, added with salt and served with beer, and used as an additive to chocolate and other products. Nuts contain linoleic acid, vitamins B and E.

Growing peanuts in the garden, watch the video:

Peanuts planting and growing (part 1)

Peanuts planting and growing (part 2)

Peanuts planting and growing (part 3)

Peanuts planting and growing (part 4)

Among acute intestinal infections Frequently occurring ones include rotavirus infection. This pathology widespread across the globe. The infection affects people of different ages, but it often occurs in children aged 6 months to 3 years. Rotavirus in children is the most common cause diarrhea.

Intestinal flu, stomach flu, rotavirus gastroenteritis are synonyms for rotavirus infection. Despite the fact that the pathology is called intestinal flu, it has nothing to do with the influenza virus this disease does not have. However clinical manifestations these two pathologies have some similarities: acute onset and the presence respiratory syndrome at the first signs of illness. With rotavirus infection, over time, the following come to the fore: intestinal symptoms, and with influenza, manifestations of respiratory damage increase.

Mechanism of infection

Stomach flu is highly contagious. This is due to the fact that intestinal virus stable in external environment and tolerates it well low temperatures. An infection can be transmitted by a sick person or healthy carrier virus. Infection can occur in three ways:

Fecal-oral with contaminated hands, food (unwashed vegetables and fruits, infected dairy products), water.
Through the air during close contact with the patient (during conversation, coughing, sneezing).
Through everyday contact through contaminated surfaces and things, especially in places where a large number of people (kindergartens, schools, public transport and etc.).

Most often children get sick. Adults become infected while caring for sick children. The infection in the stomach does not die, since rotavirus is resistant to the acidic environment of the stomach and digestive enzymes. Viruses actively multiply in the epithelium of the intestinal mucosa, causing their death. They are then excreted in large quantities in the feces.

The incubation period ranges from 1 to 5 days. After its expiration, viruses cause diarrhea and symptoms appear.

The increase in the incidence of rotavirus infection occurs in winter period from December to April. However, in cool weather in summer, pathology is also not uncommon.

Intestinal influenza can cause epidemic outbreaks. Foci of infection often appear in children's preschool institutions and hospitals.

Signs of gastrointestinal flu

Stomach flu is characterized by signs of gastroenteritis as a result of injury epithelial cells mucous membrane small intestine. In total, the disease lasts from 7 to 12 days. Symptoms stomach flu at the beginning of the course of the disease are uncharacteristic for a certain pathology, therefore diagnostic errors very often occur.

Rotavirus infection at the onset of the disease can manifest itself as an acute respiratory viral infection with intestinal syndrome.

Most characteristic features intestinal flu:

the temperature rises;
increasing weakness;
headache;
runny nose;
sore throat;
cough;
nausea;
vomit;
later diarrhea is added to these symptoms.

Clinical manifestations of intestinal influenza in adults may be absent. In children, symptoms are usually pronounced. In adults, the acidity of the juice in the stomach and the content of secretory immunoglobulins are higher. However, the absence of manifestations does not mean that a person is not contagious. He can be a virus carrier and infect others. Sometimes the onset of the disease is acute and abdominal pain with influenza can give the picture of an acute abdomen.

Symptoms stomach flu hereinafter the following:

abdominal pain;
nausea;
vomit;
diarrhea.

Intestinal symptoms are similar to those of food poisoning. However, poisoning appears suddenly and can be associated with eating certain foods. A intestinal signs accompanying rotavirus infection respiratory symptoms. Diarrhea and cough are a combination of manifestations that often occurs with this disease. In addition, diarrhea with influenza has characteristic distinctive features:

frequent loose stools of grayish-yellow color;
clayey consistency of stool;
intensive bad smell bowel movements;
return loose stool after the end of the illness when consuming dairy products, which is associated with secondary lactase deficiency.

With rotavirus infection, the urine becomes dark color and sometimes streaks of blood appear in it.

Dehydration is a serious complication of rotavirus infection resulting from frequent vomiting and diarrhea. It poses the greatest danger to young children. Symptoms of dehydration:

strong thirst;
little or no urine for a long time;
dark yellow color of urine;
overwork;
general weakness.

When the condition worsens, the following are added:

confusion;
weak pulse;
decreased blood pressure;
cyanosis skin and mucous membranes.

If assistance is not provided and big losses water in the body, this threatens the patient’s life.

Therapy for gastrointestinal flu

Stomach flu does not have specific treatment. Used symptomatic therapy this disease. The severity of the disease determines how the patient will be treated: outpatient or hospitalized. If you vomit less than 5 times a day and have bowel movements less than 10 times a day, rotavirus infection can be treated at home. Treatment for intestinal flu consists of:

eliminate dehydration;
temperature reduction;
getting rid of symptoms of intoxication;
diets;
improving digestion with enzyme preparations.

Medicines for stomach flu:

drugs for rehydration (orally - Regidron, intravenously - saline) – replenish fluid deficiency in the body;
sorbents ( Activated carbon) – bind and remove toxins;
antipyretics (Paracetamol, Ibuprofen) – reduces temperature and eliminates symptoms of intoxication;
enzyme preparations (Mezim, Creon) - to improve digestion;
probiotics (Linex, Enterozermina, Biogaia) – restoration of intestinal microflora after the end of the disease.

The diet for rotavirus infection involves:

exclusion of fried, fatty, spicy, salty, smoked;
Coffee, strong tea, dairy products, citrus fruits and soda are prohibited;
No alcoholic drinks and smoking;
a large number of vegetables and fruits are welcome;
It is advisable to boil and steam the products and cook them in the oven.

Gastrointestinal flu during pregnancy

Intestinal flu during pregnancy is severe due to the reduced immune reactivity of the body. It manifests itself as a combination of respiratory and intestinal syndromes. The action of rotavirus infection is aimed at the cells of the small intestinal mucosa; it does not affect the fetus.

The danger is a complication of intestinal flu in the form of dehydration. This can lead to miscarriage and premature birth.

What you need to know about stomach flu

Rotavirus gastroenteritis after the first illness contributes to the formation of stable immunity. In some adults, immunity may weaken due to decreased levels of antibodies to rotavirus. This may lead to worsening symptoms.

Stomach flu is infection viral etiology, which affects the gastrointestinal tract. The causative agents are mainly rotaviruses. The name “intestinal flu” is a misnomer, although common, since rotaviruses are not related to the viruses that cause influenza. Correct name– rotavirus infection.

Some similarities with the clinical picture respiratory disease, apparently, was the reason for calling rotavirus infection “stomach flu”.

The disease is widespread and occurs in all groups of the population, but children, people with weakened immune systems and people are more susceptible to it. old age. Stomach flu in children is one of the most common causes of diarrhea, accounting for 20% of all cases of severe diarrhea in children. infants and about 5% of all cases fatal outcome in children under five years of age. According to some reports, almost all children under the age of five suffer from this disease. The incidence increases in winter.

Causes and risk factors

Rotaviruses are a genus of viruses of the reovirus family (Reoviridae), which have double-stranded fragmented RNA. Out of nine known species rotaviruses, humans can be infected by types A, B and C. Up to 90% of all cases of intestinal influenza are caused by rotavirus A. The diameter of the virion is 65–75 nm. The genome of the virus contains 11 fragments surrounded by a three-layer protein shell (capsid), which makes the virus resistant to the acidic contents of the stomach and intestinal enzymes. The infectious agent is quite stable in the external environment (it easily tolerates low temperatures and heating up to 60 ° C).

Replication of rotaviruses in the body occurs mainly in the enterocytes of the villi of the small intestine, which leads to the death of the latter and subsequent structural and functional changes epithelium. The virus enters the cell by direct penetration through cell membrane or by endocytosis. Due to disruption of the digestive process and the accumulation of disaccharides, a large amount of water and electrolytes enters the intestinal lumen, which leads to the development severe diarrhea and dehydration.

The infectious agent enters the human body through the mucous membranes gastrointestinal tract. The most common route of transmission of the intestinal influenza virus is nutritional (consumption of unwashed vegetables and fruits, meat and dairy products of dubious quality, etc.). Infection by airborne droplets and contact is also possible.

The first signs of intestinal flu are severe nausea, repeated vomiting, rumbling in the stomach, and diarrhea.

Differential diagnosis is carried out with gastritis, gastroenteritis, enterocolitis of other etiologies, food poisoning. Intestinal flu in pregnant women is differentiated from early toxicosis.

Treatment of intestinal flu

Etiotropic treatment for intestinal flu has not been developed, so symptomatic therapy is used. Patients with rotavirus infection are isolated, depending on the severity of the disease and the patient’s age, treatment is carried out in a hospital or at home.

The main goals of therapy are the normalization of the water-salt balance disturbed due to vomiting and diarrhea, the elimination of intoxication and the disorders caused by it. Dehydration is especially dangerous in childhood, therefore, children with severe diarrhea and repeated vomiting are subject to hospitalization, rehydration and correction electrolyte balance they are carried out by intravenous drip administration rehydration solutions.

In adults, the indication for hospitalization is the presence of fever in the patient for more than five days, pronounced signs intoxication, uncontrollable vomiting and diarrhea, detection of blood in stool and vomit, impaired consciousness, pregnancy. In other cases, treatment is carried out at home.

Specific prevention of intestinal influenza is vaccination; two vaccines have been developed against rotavirus A, both containing a live attenuated virus.

Appointed drinking plenty of fluids(still mineral water, saline solutions, weak black tea) in small portions, since a large volume of drinking at once can provoke an attack of vomiting in acute period diseases; taking enterosorbents. When body temperature rises above 38 °C, antipyretic drugs are used. At the end acute stage diseases, drugs that restore normal microflora intestines (the need is determined by the attending physician).

Diet for intestinal flu

A diet is recommended for patients with intestinal flu. In the acute period of the disease, there is no appetite, any food and even its smell causes increased nausea and vomiting, so a water-tea break is prescribed until the end. acute manifestations(1-2 days). Then they give sweet tea with dried white bread and boiled rice. Then the diet is gradually expanded, introducing vegetable purees and porridge with water, biscuits, baked apples, bananas, boiled lean meat and fish, and low-fat and weak broth. Meals should be fractional - 6-8 times a day in small portions. Before full recovery milk, dairy and dairy products are excluded from the menu dairy products, fatty, hot, spicy, fried foods, sausages, concentrated juices, fresh vegetables and fruits, sweet carbonated drinks, fast food, coffee, alcohol.

Possible complications and consequences

Intestinal flu can be complicated by dehydration and the complications caused by it - heart and kidney failure.

Forecast

The prognosis is favorable in most cases. Long term consequences past illness not visible. The prognosis worsens with the development of a severe form of rotavirus infection in young children and people with severe immunodeficiency.

Prevention

A specific prevention of intestinal influenza is vaccination; two vaccines have been developed against rotavirus A, both contain a live, attenuated virus and have proven themselves to be an effective preventive measure.

Nonspecific prevention of intestinal flu consists of the following measures:

isolation of patients with intestinal flu;
avoiding contact with sick people, especially during pregnancy;
regular hand washing after returning from the street, visiting the toilet, before eating;
use of proven food quality products, refusal to eat expired products, thoroughly washing vegetables and fruits;
use of high-quality drinking water;
strengthening the immune system;
rejection of bad habits.

Stomach flu is a disease that combines symptoms colds and digestive disorders. Children are more often susceptible to infection; in adults, the disease is less common, and the disease mainly affects older people. The acute period of infection lasts from 5 to 7 days, after which complete recovery occurs.

In adult patients, stomach (intestinal) flu is milder than in children. In some cases, signs of the disease may be completely absent, while the patient is a source of infection for other family members or work colleagues. In medicine, the disease is called “rotavirus infection,” which occurs as gastroenteritis with the development of dehydration syndrome (dehydration of the body).

Stomach flu: symptoms and treatment in adults

Routes of infection

Gastroenteritis is caused by a certain group of viruses (rotavirus) that enter the human body through the mucous membranes (epithelium) of the stomach, intestines and other organs of the gastrointestinal tract. The first symptoms of the disease usually appear within 1-2 days, but in some cases, deterioration in health becomes noticeable only on the 4-5th day. On average, the incubation period of the virus ranges from 12 hours to 5 days.

To protect yourself from infection, it is important to know in what ways you can catch the infection.

Important! Hand washing hot water with antibacterial soap after visiting the restroom should be mandatory rule for people of any age.

Can you get infected while swimming in a pool?

Rotaviruses are very resistant to environmental factors, including freezing and high temperatures. The virus is completely destroyed only after heating to 70-80 degrees, so it is quite difficult to fight it indoors. IN public swimming pools and saunas, you can become infected with gastroenteritis if the establishment’s staff does not pay due attention to the hygiene and treatment of the pool and areas increased danger(showers, steam rooms).

Important! The destruction of stomach flu viruses in water is achieved using disinfectants containing chlorine. It is important to ensure that the concentration of chloride substances does not exceed acceptable standards– otherwise, you can get seriously poisoned if you accidentally swallow water.

Video - Rotavirus and its symptoms

Symptoms and signs of pathology

Symptoms of gastroenteritis begin with catarrhal phenomena - the patient begins to have a sore throat, cough, and rhinitis. This is what distinguishes gastroenteritis from the rest digestive disorders. After the number of viruses increases, dyspepsia occurs and signs appear intestinal pathologies. Clinical picture in the acute period of the disease looks like this:

Stools with gastroenteritis are copious and frequent - up to 10 times a day. The stool may be yellow or grey colour, the consistency resembles clay. The smell is pungent, fetid.

Going to the toilet with gastroenteritis can reach up to 10 times a day

Important! If there is mucus or blood in your stool, it is important to report these symptoms to your healthcare provider immediately.

At copious discharge feces Dehydration may occur, so the patient must receive rehydration therapy and maintain a drinking regime.

Body temperature in adult patients most often fluctuates within subfebrile values (up to 37.2-37.5 degrees), but sometimes it can rise to high levels and reach 39 degrees and above. The degree of intoxication depends on the condition immune system patient, the number of viruses and the degree of their activity (reproduction).

Only an infectious disease specialist should treat stomach flu. Self-treatment unacceptable due to difficulties in diagnosing pathology. The fact is that the symptoms of the disease are not typical, and their appearance may indicate other serious illnesses: cholera, salmonellosis, etc. For staging accurate diagnosis it is necessary to undergo an examination, as a result of which a decision will be made about the possibility of outpatient treatment.

Procedure for suspected rotavirus

Summer stomach flu

Listeriosis (stomach flu that occurs during hot weather during the summer months) is somewhat different from other forms of gastroenteritis. The carriers of the infection are the inhabitants of reservoirs and lakes, so the main route of infection is swimming in prohibited places. You can become infected with listeriosis after eating rotten or unwashed fruits, which are an excellent breeding ground. pathogenic microorganisms.

Unlike winter gastroenteritis, listeriosis is almost always accompanied by high temperature(above 39 degrees) and inflammation cervical lymph nodes. One of the first signs of the disease is conjunctivitis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye. The patient's eye sclera turns red, and purulent contents appear in the corners of the eyes.

Important! With complicated listeriosis, the patient’s bronchopulmonary system, as well as the pancreas, may become inflamed, so treatment of this form of pathology almost always takes place in a hospital setting.

One of the first signs of listeriosis is conjunctivitis.

Treatment of stomach flu

Specific treatment of gastroenteritis for this moment does not exist, so the patient is prescribed symptomatic therapy, combining dietary food and reception medicines. Complex treatment works in several directions:

eliminates signs of intoxication;
restores salt balance;
stops vomiting and diarrhea;
Helps prevent dehydration.

Stomach flu negatively affects the functioning of the heart and organs urinary system, therefore, in some cases, potassium preparations (for example, Panangin) and drugs to improve kidney function can be used.

Medication regimen complex treatment gastroenteritis is presented in the table below.

Group of drugs	What is it used for?	What medications should I take?
Antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs	Reducing temperature, eliminating signs of intoxication, relief inflammatory processes on the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract	"Rinza", "Paracetamol", "Efferalgan", "Flyukoldex"
Antihistamines (histamine blockers)	Elimination of allergic reactions	"Ketotifen", "Tavegil", "Suprastin", "Loratadine"
Antitussives	Blocking cough receptors	"Bromhexine", "Tusuprex", "Bronholitin"
Multivitamin complexes	Strengthening defensive reactions, improving well-being, preventing vitamin deficiency	"Alphabet", "Sanasol", "Complivit", "Duovit"
Antiviral drugs	Virus suppression	"Amiksin", "Arbidol", "Viferon", "Interferon", "Grippferon", "Remantadine"
Rehydration products	Restoring water-salt balance, normalizing kidney function, preventing dehydration	"Regidron"
Sorbents	Removing waste products of microorganisms, toxins and viruses, eliminating vomiting and diarrhea, cleansing the intestines	"Enterosgel", activated carbon, "Neosmectin"
Digestive enzymes	Improvement of digestive processes, elimination of dyspeptic symptoms	"Mezim Forte", "Creon 10000"

After recovery, the patient is prescribed maintenance therapy using multivitamin or vitamin-mineral complexes, as well as medications containing probiotics and lactic bacteria, which include:

"Linex";
"Bifidumbacterin";
"Acipol";
"Normobact".

These drugs are needed for recovery intestinal microflora

These drugs are needed to restore intestinal microflora, improve intestinal function, strengthen the immune system and normalize the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

Diet for stomach flu

For any form of gastroenteritis, the patient must follow therapeutic diet, which excludes fermented milk products and products based on milk protein. Dairy products are an excellent breeding ground for all types of pathogenic microorganisms, so consuming products containing milk sugar, during treatment can increase the symptoms of the disease and lead to a deterioration in well-being.

Dairy products are prohibited for any form of gastroenteritis

It is advisable to eat pureed food in the first days of the disease - this will reduce the load on the digestive organs and intestines. If you don’t want to eat pureed meat, you need to grind it thoroughly, cutting it into small pieces or mincing it through a meat grinder.

Drinking should be plentiful and frequent. The patient is advised to drink warm tea with raspberries or lemon, compotes, juices (diluted with water), fruit drinks and other liquids with low sugar content.

After recovery, dairy products should be introduced into the diet gradually. It’s better to start with low-fat fermented milk drinks: kefir, fermented baked milk. Cheeses, milk porridges with butter, fatty cottage cheese is included in the menu last.

Video - Stomach flu: causes and symptoms, treatment

Will the vaccine help protect against gastroenteritis?

Some people do it as a preventive measure. seasonal vaccination from the flu. It should be noted that the viruses that cause influenza type A or B have nothing in common with rotaviruses, so vaccination to prevent gastroenteritis is ineffective.

Prevention measures

home preventative measure to prevent intestinal flu - compliance with personal hygiene rules and room cleaning standards. In conditions of constant employment, it is difficult to maintain the required level of cleanliness in the apartment, but it is necessary to ensure the health of all family members. Wet cleaning using disinfectants and solutions, ventilation should be carried out daily, especially if there are sick children or adults in the house.

The topic of nutrition deserves a separate discussion. All food preparation products must be fresh and thoroughly washed. When purchasing, you should pay attention to the packaging of the product - there should not be any visible damage. Meat, fish and eggs must be processed according to established standards for this product group. It is better to choose dairy products from local producers and purchase them on the day of production (their shelf life usually does not exceed 5-10 days).

Thorough hand washing can help prevent stomach flu

What other measures will help protect yourself and your loved ones from the stomach flu:

Thorough hand washing after visiting the street, toilet, or contact with animals;
swimming in summer period only in permitted places (where water and soil are regularly tested for bacteria, microbes and viruses);
boiling water (additional cleaning with a filter will not hurt).

Important! To prevent mass outbreaks of infection in groups, it is important not to attend workplace until complete recovery. Some continue to work or go to school after the first signs of improvement, forgetting that they are still contagious to other people.

Stomach flu is an unpleasant infectious disease that can lead to severe consequences at improper treatment, therefore, when the first signs of pathology appear, you need to contact a specialist. At self-diagnosis pathology, there is a high risk of incorrect diagnosis, which is fraught with complications, deterioration of health and acute dehydration, which in exceptional cases can cause the death of the patient.