The role of phosphorus in the human body. Problems with excess

Phosphorus is a trace element that a person needs for life. Without him nothing happens biochemical reaction in organism. The main role of phosphorus in the human body can be called ensuring the normal growth of bone and dental tissue, as well as further maintaining their integrity throughout a person’s life.

If we consider the location of phosphorus in the body, then 80% of the total amount of this element is in the mineral part of teeth and bones, and the remaining percentage is distributed in muscles, fluids and organs.

The role of phosphorus in the body

Phosphoric acid is an active participant in the process of building phosphatases - enzymes that are “responsible” for normal course chemical reactions in cells. This very acid is actively involved in fat metabolism, the production and breakdown of starch and glycogen, is one of the components of skeletal tissue, and a particularly large amount of it is located in tissues nerve cells and brain.

Scientists claim that without phosphorus the thinking process is impossible, a person will not even be able to move, since muscle contraction occurs precisely due to various phosphorus compounds. Fermentation and respiration (processes that are fundamental to all living things) also cannot occur without the presence of phosphoric acid.

In addition, phosphorus is involved in the following processes:

Normalizes protein and carbohydrate metabolism. Moreover, the microelement in question takes Active participation not only in “global” metabolic processes, but also those that occur directly inside cells and muscles.
Energy exchange. Phosphorus compounds (creatine phosphate and adenosine tri phosphoric acid) ensure the flow of all processes necessary for the normal functioning of the body. If reserves of the indicated phosphorus compounds are present in insufficient quantities, then a real tragedy may occur - the muscles will simply stop contracting, and nervous/motor or mental activity will simply become impossible.
Forms highly active compounds. For example, with proteins and fatty acids– lecithin, which is necessary for the formation of cell membranes and meninges. It is well known that lecithin is consumed in huge quantities by the body during excessive loads, both physical and psycho-emotional. If there is not enough phosphorus in the body, the cells of the brain and all other organs will remain unprotected, which will lead to their death.
Contains nucleic acids. These compounds store and transmit hereditary information and are responsible for normal cell division and growth.
Maintains acid-base balance. This is due to the fact that various phosphorus compounds are found in blood and other fluids. By the way, it is thanks to phosphorus that active forms of vitamins can be formed - the microelement in question “triggers” the processes necessary for this.

Lack of phosphorus in the body - what happens

Even if a person consumes a sufficient amount of foods that contain phosphorus, he may become deficient in this microelement.. And in this case, the person will feel weak and complain of general malaise. He may have unexpected bursts of intellectual activity, but they are always replaced by nervous exhaustion. People who have a lack of phosphorus in the body may react actively to the world, communicate and visit crowded places, and then suddenly fall into apathy and...

Phosphorus deficiency in the body may be associated with:

excess in the body of compounds, calcium, aluminum;
drinking large amounts of carbonated drinks;
long-term diseases, including chronic ones;
narcotic;
kidney pathologies and thyroid gland of a chronic nature.

note: Phosphorus deficiency is often detected in young children who are bottle-fed. This development of events is fraught with danger for the baby.

In general, a lack of phosphorus in the human body will definitely manifest itself - for example, they will begin serious problems with metabolism, liver dysfunction. A decrease will certainly be noted (frequent infections and), persistent muscle pain will appear, appetite will worsen, up to complete loss, and concentration will decrease. A lack of phosphorus can also lead to pathological changes in the heart, and hemorrhages of various origins.

Excess phosphorus in the body

Too much phosphorus in the human body is also not good. This condition leads to:

pathological lesions of the intestines and liver;
development and leukopenia;
development of hemorrhages and bleeding;
loss of bone tissue calcium;
development

Important! If phosphorus poisoning occurs, that is, too much of this microelement enters the body at once, then the functioning of the entire digestive system, heart, liver and kidneys is disrupted, and many small hemorrhages appear, including on the retina of the eyes.

In what cases is excess phosphorus possible? Well, firstly, with prolonged contact with various phosphorus compounds, this may be due to labor activity. Secondly, excessive consumption of canned food, lemonade, and protein products leads to excess phosphorus. Thirdly, the problem in question can arise from metabolic disorders if they are not treated and corrected.

Phosphorus in products

The daily human need for phosphorus is 1200 mg and a deficiency of this microelement is quite difficult to tolerate - one would have to become a strict vegetarian and eat fruits/berries/vegetables/fruits that grow on soils poor in this microelement. If a person eats well, then the daily dose of phosphorus enters his body from many products:

cabbage, parsley;
nuts, legumes, cereals;
whole grain products, black bread;
, garlic, carrots;
milk, cheese;
fish, meat, beef liver;
berries and mushrooms;

How to ensure proper absorption of phosphorus

If there is an excess of aluminum, magnesium and iron, then phosphorus in the body will become completely ineffective, even if its amount is within normal limits. At the same time, excess phosphorus leads to loss of calcium and poor absorption of magnesium, which is fraught with back pain. How to regulate the process of assimilation of all important elements in the body without harming each other?

Doctors recommend, first of all, to correct own diet nutrition. For example, over the age of 40, a person’s table should prioritize vegetables and herbs, dairy products, rather than meat. This correction will facilitate the work of the kidneys, and they will be able to actively remove excess phosphorus from the body. It would be a good idea to consider a few more points:

Canned foods to which phosphates are added can lead to excess phosphorus in the body, so there is no need to get carried away with such nutrition.
Phosphorus works in the required mode in the presence of calcium and, but calcium should be twice as much as phosphorus - dairy products should be on the menu almost constantly, since they are the main suppliers of calcium to the body.
The need for phosphorus increases significantly with physical activity and lack of protein, excessive consumption Sahara, long-term use some hormonal drugs.
Vitamins phosphorus, F, as well as potassium, iron, magnesium and calcium in balanced quantities will help absorb phosphorus. Therefore, it is important to periodically take a course of poly vitamin complexes, but only with the permission of a doctor.
It is best to replenish phosphorus deficiency in the body with food, but in especially severe cases it may be necessary to drug therapy– Riboxin, phosphocoline, phytin and other medications will be prescribed.

Phosphorus plays a vital role in the body, just like other microelements. A deficiency or excess of it can lead to irreversible pathological processes, therefore it is important to ensure that phosphorus enters the body at normal quantities. A specialist will help with this, but independently increasing the amount of foods rich in phosphorus consumed or taking some vitamin complexes will lead to extremely undesirable consequences.

Sea fish must be included in the diet, because it contains a lot of phosphorus, say nutritionists and doctors. But why do we need it and how does a lack of phosphorus in the body affect human health?

Phosphorus and its importance for the body

Phosphorus is one of the most common chemical elements on Earth, so the earth’s crust consists of 0.08-0.09% of this substance. In the human body, phosphorus is also approximately 1% of body weight and is part of almost all cells.

Up to 85% of phosphorus is contained in hard tissues bones and teeth, and another 15% take part in the transmission nerve impulses, the synthesis of hormones and enzymes and in metabolic processes, that is, in all the most important chemical reactions of the human body.

Functions of phosphorus:

ensuring growth and maintaining the strength of bones and teeth – most important function phosphorus. Phosphorus, along with calcium, ensures normal growth and development bone tissue in children and adolescents, and in adults it protects bones and teeth from destruction;
synthesis of nerve cells, hormones and enzymes - phosphorus is involved in the synthesis of DNA, RNA, neurons, hormones and enzymes, substances that ensure the transmission of hereditary information in cells, the transmission of nerve impulses and many other reactions, for example, the synthesis of vitamins;
participates in metabolism - without phosphorus, the exchange of proteins and carbohydrates, as well as intracellular metabolism, is impossible;
maintaining acid-base balance– phosphorus is part of the blood, lymph and other liquid tissues of the body;
participation in energy metabolism - phosphorus is part of ATP and other compounds, the breakdown of which produces energy, due to which muscles contract and metabolic processes occur in the blood and cells;
ensuring the functioning of the cardiovascular and urinary systems - a decrease in phosphorus has an extremely negative effect on the condition of cardio-vascular system and kidney function.

Causes of phosphorus deficiency

Every day, an adult, healthy person should receive up to 1500 mg of phosphorus, because this substance cannot be synthesized in our body, and the daily loss of phosphorus in urine can be about 1000 mg. Moreover, phosphorus is absorbed only with sufficient calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, vitamins A and D and some other microelements.

Phosphorus deficiency in the human body is quite rare, since this element is found in almost all products of animal and plant origin.

But, unfortunately, only about 70% of phosphorus salts are absorbed with food and not all of this amount will be beneficial for the human body.

As the chemical industry Various phosphates began to be added to food products: sodium phosphates E 339, potassium phosphates E340, calcium phosphates E 341, ammonium E342, magnesium E343 or phosphoric acid - E 338.

Such supplements contain carbonated drinks, various candies and chewing gum, sausages, milk powder and cream and much, much more. Once in the body, these substances are not used for their intended purpose, but accumulate in it, disrupting metabolism, kidney function and destroying joints and connective tissue.

Alimentary or primary phosphorus deficiency practically does not occur; a lack of this substance in the body can occur due to:

metabolic disorders;
excessive consumption of carbonated drinks, various food additives and dyes;
diseases gastrointestinal tract;
chronic or long-term acute diseases;
poisoning – with chemicals, alcohol or other substances;
taking medications - long-term use of drugs containing aluminum, magnesium and some other substances can cause phosphorus deficiency, since their excess interferes with the normal absorption and assimilation of phosphorus;
following a “protein-free” diet - long-term restriction of protein foods in the diet can also cause a lack of phosphorus in the body, including due to a lack of calcium, vitamin D and A;
artificial feeding - in young children, a lack of phosphorus can be caused by feeding an unadapted infant formula or such unsuitable products as cow's milk, fermented milk products, and so on.

Symptoms of phosphorus deficiency

Phosphorus deficiency may not be diagnosed by patients for quite a long time, since this condition does not have characteristic symptoms.

With a slight deficiency of phosphorus, a person experiences constant malaise, his performance decreases, his interest in life disappears, he becomes apathetic or, conversely, too irritable, his sleep and appetite worsen. If the amount of phosphorus supplied with food does not increase or it is not absorbed, signs of depression of the higher nervous system appear: memory and intelligence deteriorate, and mood swings appear.

With a pronounced lack of phosphorus, the following is observed:

weakness, drowsiness, headaches - and these symptoms are constantly present and do not depend on external factors: duration of sleep, rest and amount of exercise;
tremors in the muscles, weakening of muscle tone, decreased physical activity– without phosphorus, muscles weaken and a person has difficulty performing normal types of work or suffers from pain and tremors in the muscles;
loss of appetite – with a decrease in the concentration of phosphorus in the blood is typical a sharp decline or complete absence appetite;
feelings of anxiety, fear, irritation - due to changes in nervous system unreasonable anxieties, fears, constant feeling irritation and attacks of aggression;
change in skin sensitivity - numbness of the skin of the upper and lower extremities may develop, or vice versa, the skin becomes too sensitive, any touch, cold or warm objects can cause unpleasant feeling or even pain;
disturbances in the functioning of the cardiovascular and urinary systems - metabolic disorders, decreased ATP levels cause changes in the functioning of the heart muscle and the glomerular system of the kidneys;
pathology osteoarticular system- most characteristic feature lack of phosphorus. Pain in the joints, bones, joint deformation, degenerative diseases and frequent fractures can occur not only due to calcium deficiency, but also due to phosphorus deficiency;
hematological disorders - lack of phosphorus causes the development of anemia, thrombocytopenia and decreased production of leukocytes.

What to do if you have a phosphorus deficiency

If there is a severe phosphorus deficiency, you can help only by detecting exact reason development of deficiency of this substance, since such a condition is always secondary.

And to compensate for the deficiency, medications such as riboxin, phytin, phosphocoline, ATP and others are most often prescribed.

If the phosphorus deficiency is minor, correction of diet and diet can cope with it.

The absorption of phosphorus is possible only with a sufficient amount of calcium and vitamin D, but at the same time, excess phosphorus interferes with the normal absorption of calcium, magnesium and other trace elements. Therefore, you can enrich your diet with foods rich in phosphorus or take special supplements only if there is a laboratory-proven deficiency of this substance.

And to prevent phosphorus deficiency you can:

eat more products of animal origin - fish, liver, eggs, butter, dairy products not only contain a lot of easily digestible phosphorus, but are also rich in calcium, vitamins D and A, which help the normal absorption of phosphorus;
be sure to add fresh green vegetables and fruits to your diet, as well as more nuts and dried fruits.

The record holders for phosphorus content are: mushrooms, dry yeast, wheat bran, pumpkin seeds, zucchini, nuts, beans, sea fish, liver and dairy products.

Source: http://OnWomen.ru/nedostatok-fosfora-v-organizme.html

Phosphorus in the body: how much phosphorus is needed, deficiency and excess of phosphorus, phosphorus in foods

Phosphorus is a trace element that a person needs for life. Without it, not a single biochemical reaction occurs in the body. The main role of phosphorus in the human body can be called ensuring the normal growth of bone and dental tissue, as well as further maintaining their integrity throughout a person’s life.

The role of phosphorus in the body Lack of phosphorus in the body - what happens Excess phosphorus in the body Phosphorus in foods How to ensure proper absorption of phosphorus

The role of phosphorus in the body

Phosphoric acid is an active participant in the process of building phosphatases - enzymes that are “responsible” for the normal course of chemical reactions in cells.

This same acid is actively involved in fat metabolism, the production and breakdown of starch and glycogen, is one of the components of skeletal tissue, and a particularly large amount of it is located in the tissues of nerve cells and the brain.

In addition, phosphorus is involved in the following processes:

Normalizes protein and carbohydrate metabolism. Moreover, the microelement in question takes an active part not only in “global” metabolic processes, but also those that occur directly inside cells and muscles.
Energy exchange. Phosphorus compounds (creatine phosphate and adenosine triphosphoric acid) ensure the occurrence of all processes necessary for the normal functioning of the body. If the reserves of these phosphorus compounds are present in insufficient quantities, then a real tragedy can occur - the muscles will simply stop contracting, and nervous/motor or mental activity will simply become impossible.
Forms highly active compounds. For example, with proteins and fatty acids - lecithin, which is necessary for the formation of cell and brain membranes. It is well known that lecithin is consumed in huge quantities by the body under excessive stress, both physical and psycho-emotional. If there is not enough phosphorus in the body, the cells of the brain and all other organs will remain unprotected, which will lead to their death.
Part of nucleic acids. These compounds store and transmit hereditary information and are responsible for normal cell division and growth.
Maintains acid-base balance. This is due to the fact that various phosphorus compounds are found in blood and other fluids. By the way, it is thanks to phosphorus that active forms of vitamins can be formed - the microelement in question “triggers” the processes necessary for this.

Lack of phosphorus in the body - what happens

Even if a person consumes a sufficient amount of foods that contain phosphorus, he may become deficient in this microelement. And in this case, the person will feel weak and complain of general malaise.

He may have unexpected bursts of intellectual activity, but they are always replaced by nervous exhaustion.

People who have a lack of phosphorus in the body can actively react to the world around them, communicate and visit crowded places, and then suddenly fall into apathy and depression.

Phosphorus deficiency in the body may be associated with:

excess of magnesium, calcium, aluminum compounds in the body;
drinking large amounts of carbonated drinks;
long-term diseases, including chronic ones;
drug, alcohol, food poisoning;
pathologies of the kidneys and thyroid gland of a chronic nature.

Please note: phosphorus deficiency is often detected in young children who are bottle-fed. This development of events is fraught with rickets for the baby.

In general, a lack of phosphorus in the human body will definitely manifest itself - for example, serious problems with metabolism and liver dysfunction will begin.

There will definitely be a decrease in immunity (frequent infections and colds), persistent muscle pain will appear, appetite will worsen, up to a complete loss, and concentration will decrease.

A lack of phosphorus can also lead to pathological changes in the heart, osteoporosis and hemorrhages of various origins.

Excess phosphorus in the body

Too much phosphorus in the human body is also not good. This condition leads to:

urolithiasis;
pathological lesions of the intestines and liver;
development of anemia and leukopenia;
development of hemorrhages and bleeding;
loss of bone tissue calcium;
development of osteoporosis.

In what cases is excess phosphorus possible? Well, firstly, with prolonged contact with various phosphorus compounds, this may be associated with work activity. Secondly, excessive consumption of canned food, lemonade, and protein products leads to excess phosphorus. Thirdly, the problem in question can arise from metabolic disorders if they are not treated and corrected.

Phosphorus in products

pumpkin, cabbage, parsley;
nuts, legumes, cereals;
whole grain products, black bread;
spinach, garlic, carrots;
milk, cheese;
fish, meat, beef liver;
berries and mushrooms;
eggs.

How to ensure proper absorption of phosphorus

If there is an excess of aluminum, magnesium and iron, then phosphorus in the body will become completely ineffective, even if its amount is within normal limits.

At the same time, excess phosphorus leads to loss of calcium and poor absorption of magnesium, which is fraught with arrhythmia, migraines, and back pain.

How to regulate the process of assimilation of all important elements in the body without harming each other?

For example, over the age of 40, a person’s table should prioritize vegetables and herbs, dairy products, rather than meat.

This correction will facilitate the work of the kidneys, and they will be able to actively remove excess phosphorus from the body. It would be a good idea to consider a few more points:

Canned foods to which phosphates are added can lead to excess phosphorus in the body, so there is no need to get carried away with such nutrition.
Phosphorus works in the right mode in the presence of calcium and vitamin D, but there should be twice as much calcium as phosphorus - dairy products should be on the menu almost constantly, since they are the main suppliers of calcium to the body.
The need for phosphorus increases significantly with physical activity and lack of protein, excessive consumption of sugar, and long-term use of certain hormonal medications.
Vitamins A, D, F, as well as potassium, iron, magnesium and calcium in balanced quantities will help the absorption of phosphorus. Therefore, it is important to periodically take a course of multivitamin complexes, but only with the permission of a doctor.
It is best to replenish phosphorus deficiency in the body with food, but in especially severe cases, drug therapy may be necessary - Riboxin, phosphocoline, phytin and other medications will be prescribed.

Phosphorus plays a vital role in the body, just like other microelements.

A deficiency or excess of it can lead to irreversible pathological processes, so it is important to ensure that phosphorus enters the body in normal quantities.

A specialist will help with this, but independently increasing the amount of foods rich in phosphorus consumed or taking some vitamin complexes will lead to extremely undesirable consequences.

Tsygankova Yana Aleksandrovna, medical observer, therapist of the highest qualification category

The role of phosphorus in the human body. How dangerous is phosphorus deficiency and excess?

The human body contains huge variety chemical elements.

Each of them performs specific functions.

Phosphorus is present in minerals such as phosphorite and apatite.

It does not occur as an independent unit in nature.

The role and function of phosphorus in the human body

The first official mention of phosphorus dates back to 1669. The element was discovered by accident, by a chemist named Henning Brand. The object of his study was human urine. According to the scientist, her yellow was due to the gold content.

In order to prove his hypothesis, Henning conducted research. By evaporating and heating urine to certain temperatures, the chemist discovered the presence of a luminous substance in it. A little later it was found that this is a simple element, and not a component of a chemical compound.

To understand why this element is needed, it is necessary to study the role of phosphorus in the human body, its main functions and percentage.

Organogen is one of the main components DNA cells. It transmits genetic information during the process of reproduction. It is quite difficult to overestimate the function of this cell.

The main functions of the substance include:

Ensuring muscle contraction;
Participation in transportation nutrients;
Effect on bone growth and strength;
Activation of enzymes;
Participation in the transmission of impulses to nerve endings.

Almost any process carried out in human body, is impossible without the participation of phosphorus. He takes immediate participation in connecting processes elements such as creatine phosphate and ATP.

Thanks to its presence, muscle activity occurs. Without his participation, muscle contraction is impossible.

Transport of nutrients provides income necessary elements every vital organ. Violation of this process leads to serious diseases. In the structure of bones phosphorus participates together with calcium.

Important: In the body of an adult, up to 750 grams of this element are present. The main part is concentrated in bones and teeth.

Enzymes are participants in the process of adaptation of substances entering the human body. Phosphorus activates enzyme activity, thereby accelerating metabolic processes. It significantly improves the absorption of vitamins B, D, glucose, etc. by the body’s cells.

The luminous substance has an equally significant effect on susceptibility nerve endings .

Shortage

Symptoms of phosphorus deficiency in the human body can be similar to signs of calcium deficiency or magnesium deficiency. If the amount of one of the substances is reduced, the level of others should be checked. Bringing health back to normal requires an integrated approach.

The daily dose of organogen in the body is 1200 mg. Lack of an element is determined by a number of signs. Most full information may give a medical examination.

Attention: phosphorus deficiency in childhood interferes normal growth nerve fibers and brain cells, which impedes mental development.

Causes

It has been established that the decrease in phosphorus reserves does not occur without reason. Most often this deviation observed in obese people.

There may be several reasons for the shortage. These include the following:

Fasting or strict diets;
Diseases accompanied by metabolic disorders;
Poisoning;
Excessive consumption of sugary carbonated drinks;
Period of pregnancy or breastfeeding;
An excess of substances such as calcium, barium, aluminum or magnesium.

Phosphorus deficiency is common in formula-fed infants. Mother's milk contains much more nutrients necessary for the development of the baby. The microelements included in the mixture are not always absorbed properly.

People prone to display deviations include sick diabetes mellitus, drinkers, patients suffering hormonal disorders . To prevent the development unpleasant consequences It is necessary to regularly monitor the level of microelement.

On a note: Phosphorus is partially removed from the body during urination.

Symptoms

Painful sensations in bone tissue and muscles;
Pathological changes in the myocardium;
Decreased immunity;
Development of periodontal disease;
Mental illnesses.

Peculiarities: a person suffering from phosphorus deficiency gradually loses vitality. He develops apathy and may experience depression.

Excess

An excessive amount of phosphorus in the body is just as undesirable as its deficiency. Oversaturation of the substance often occurs in people not having control over their daily diet. An excess of phosphorus in the body in children, like an excess of other substances, is fraught with the appearance of allergies.

To prevent deviations, you should control the quantity and quality of food consumed.

Causes

Some time ago, a shortage of a substance was much more common than a surplus. But over the past few years, against the backdrop of development Food Industry, everything has changed. Chemical compounds began to be used in the production of carbonated drinks, some bulk products, as well as meat and dairy products.

The main reasons for phosphorus oversaturation may be the following:

Metabolic disease;
Excessive consumption of protein foods;
The presence of a large number of foods with additives in the diet;
Substance poisoning.

If the intake of a substance into the body through food can be controlled by a person, then no one is safe from the poisoning process. This is especially true for people whose professional activities are associated with white organogen. This species is considered poisonous.

When poisoning occurs general weakness the body appears headache and nausea. Around the 3rd day, a person exposed to poisoning develops jaundice. At the same time, a burning sensation is felt in the stomach and oral cavity.

Symptoms

Against the background of an increase in the amount of phosphorus in the body, various diseases. Violations can be detected by the presence of certain signs. Among them are:

Frequent bleeding;
Decreased immunity;
Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
Deviations in liver function;
Salt deposits;
Decreased bone density.

Sources for humans

Required amount of microelement enters the human body with food. The main source of the substance is protein food. This includes fish, poultry and any type of meat.

Large amounts of phosphorus can also be found in dairy products, red caviar, nuts, legumes and some types of cereals. A certain amount of the element is contained in whole grain bread.

Balance with other microelements and vitamins

Phosphorus performs its functions in tandem with calcium. This combination of elements is actively involved in the breakdown of carbohydrates. Inhibition of this process contributes to the development of serious diseases.

Calcium has a positive effect on the process of microelement absorption. In your daily diet, it is necessary to maintain a balance in the use of foods rich in these substances.

No less beneficial effect on the absorption process fat derivatives of vitamin B8 and vitamin D3. Products rich in these components mandatory should be present in the diet of any person.

Control over the level of the element in the body must be reasonable. IN certain situations appropriate medications are prescribed. Any medications are taken on the recommendation of a specialist. Self-treatment may lead to a worsening situation.

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Source: http://foodra.org/mikroelementy/fosfor/rol-v-organizme.html

The role of phosphorus in the human body, its deficiency and excess

Everyone has been familiar with phosphorus since childhood because it glows in the dark because of its properties (phosphorus paint was used to paint Christmas tree decorations or masquerade masks), but not everyone knows that translated from Greek the word phosphorus literally means luminous (carrying light). It’s a pity, but white phosphorus, as the most chemically active, is the most toxic to humans, and red phosphorus is best known as an incendiary element in the production of matches. But at the same time, phosphorus is a necessary and useful macronutrient for the body of any person.

Most of the phosphorus found in the human body (about 90%) is concentrated in bones and teeth. The role of phosphorus in the human body is important, since strong teeth are a sign of health. The basis solid bones make up phosphorus and calcium.

70% of the phosphorus that is concentrated in the bones is in the form of calcium phosphate, a sparingly soluble compound, and a smaller part (30%) is presented in the form of various soluble compounds. Phosphorus affects the active absorption of calcium in the intestine.

Food of plant origin can contain a lot of phosphorus, but it is absorbed in very small quantities; the main source of replenishing phosphorus reserves in the body is fish and meat. Some of the phosphorus is found in the blood, brain tissue and muscles, and 99% of this remaining phosphorus in the human body is located inside the cells, and only 1% of it is concentrated in the extracellular fluid.

Clinical blood test studies do not allow us to judge general content it in the body, although deviations from the norm in one direction or another indicate a violation of phosphorus metabolism. For example, low content phosphate in the blood can cause the disease hypophosphatemia.

The average adult body contains approximately 670 g of phosphorus, or, based on total body weight, 1% of body weight. Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and calcitonin regulate phosphorus levels in the body.

Calcium and vitamin D contribute to the normal absorption and functioning of phosphorus, and the optimal ratio of calcium to phosphorus should be 2 to 1. A high content of elements such as aluminum, iron, magnesium negatively affects the absorption of phosphorus.

IN circulatory system Phosphorus is found in the body in the form of compounds of inorganic phosphates with organic phosphorus esters and free nucleotides with phospholipids.

Inorganic phosphorus orthophosphates found in blood plasma are partially distributed in tissue fluid, and are also located in the reserves of plasma systems and ensure the process of moving energy between all cells of the body. During the process of ossification bone structure phosphorus provides correct distribution calcium.

Lack of phosphorus in the human body

Lack of phosphorus in the human body - hypophosphatemia can occur not only due to improperly balanced food, but due to various concomitant diseases (lack of phosphorus occurs, for example, with renal failure, alcoholism).

Decreased thyroid function, impaired renal function, long-term use of medications, with big amount antacids and aluminum hydroxides, alcohol intoxication may lead to hyposphatemia.

This disease is characterized by muscle weakness, muscle pain, hemorrhages in the skin, various changes in bone tissue, leading to fragility and bone fractures.

Phosphorus deficiency is often observed in people with a vegetarian diet (refusal of meat, poultry, fish and dairy products). A lack of phosphorus in the body has an acute effect on well-being and mental activity is inhibited.

Excess phosphorus in the human body

Excess phosphorus in the human body - hyperphosphatemia can occur due to eating foods poor in calcium and high in vitamin D. Also associated diseases such as renal failure and dysfunction of the thyroid gland can cause excess phosphorus in the body.

As a rule, excess phosphorus manifests itself only when convulsions associated with calcium deficiency make themselves felt. If there is an excess of phosphorus, patients are advised to eat foods of plant origin with a low phosphorus content and treat the concomitant disease.

Frequent consumption of various carbonated drinks, canned foods and protein foods can also cause hyperphosphatemia.

What foods contain phosphorus?

The main sources of phosphorus for the human body are meat, fish, seafood, milk and dairy products. Highest content phosphorus in beef liver, turkey meat, almonds, milk, broccoli. Phosphorus contained in food of plant origin is poorly absorbed by the human body.

Phosphorus absorbed from the stomach is stored in the human liver as a reserve. It is deposited in the form mineral salts and part of these salts enters the blood, and the other part of it combines with unnecessary for the body elements and excreted from the body.

Adult body healthy person per day should receive phosphorus in an amount of about 1200 mg.

Be healthy and cheerful!

The human body contains a huge variety of chemical elements.

Each of them performs specific functions.

Phosphorus is present in minerals such as phosphorite and apatite.

It does not occur as an independent unit in nature.

To understand why this element is needed, it is necessary to study the role of phosphorus in the human body, its main functions and percentage.

Organogen is one of the main components of the cell DNA. It transmits genetic information during the process of reproduction. It is quite difficult to overestimate the function of this cell.

The main functions of the substance include:

Ensuring muscle contraction;
Participation in the transport of nutrients;
Effect on bone growth and strength;
Activation of enzymes;
Participation in the transmission of impulses to nerve endings.

Almost any process taking place in the human body is impossible without the participation of phosphorus. He takes immediate participation in connecting processes elements such as creatine phosphate and ATP.

Thanks to its presence, muscle activity occurs. Without his participation, muscle contraction is impossible.

Transport of nutrients ensures the supply of necessary elements to every vital organ. Violation of this process leads to serious diseases. In the structure of bones phosphorus participates together with calcium.

Important: In the body of an adult, up to 750 grams of this element are present. The main part is concentrated in bones and teeth.

Enzymes are participants in the process of adaptation of substances entering the human body. Phosphorus activates enzyme activity, thereby accelerating metabolic processes. It significantly improves the absorption of vitamins B, D, glucose, etc. by the body’s cells.

The luminous substance has an equally significant effect on receptivity of nerve endings.

Shortage

The daily dose of organogen in the body is 1200 mg. Lack of an element is determined by a number of signs. A medical examination can provide the most complete information.

Attention: Phosphorus deficiency in childhood interferes with the normal growth of nerve fibers and brain cells, which impedes mental development.

Causes

It has been established that the decrease in phosphorus reserves does not occur without reason. Most often this deviation observed in obese people.

There may be several reasons for the shortage. These include the following:

Fasting or strict diets;
Diseases accompanied by metabolic disorders;
Poisoning;
Excessive consumption of sugary carbonated drinks;
Period of pregnancy or breastfeeding;
An excess of substances such as calcium, barium, aluminum or magnesium.

People prone to display deviations include patients with diabetes, alcohol drinkers, patients suffering from hormonal disorders. To prevent the development of unpleasant consequences, it is necessary to regularly monitor the level of the microelement.

On a note: Phosphorus is partially removed from the body during urination.

Symptoms

mean:

Painful sensations in bone tissue and muscles;
Pathological changes in the myocardium;
Decreased immunity;
Development of periodontal disease;
Mental illnesses.

Peculiarities: a person suffering from phosphorus deficiency gradually loses vitality. He develops apathy and may experience depression.

Excess

To prevent deviations, you should control the quantity and quality of food consumed.

Causes

Some time ago, a shortage of a substance was much more common than a surplus. But over the past few years, with the development of the food industry, everything has changed. Chemical compounds began to be used in the manufacture of carbonated drinks, some bulk products, as well as meat and dairy products.

The main reasons for phosphorus oversaturation may be the following:

Metabolic disease;
Excessive consumption of protein foods;
The presence of a large number of foods with additives in the diet;
Substance poisoning.

In case of poisoning, general weakness of the body occurs, headache and nausea appear. Around the 3rd day, a person exposed to poisoning develops jaundice. At the same time, a burning sensation is felt in the stomach and oral cavity.

Symptoms

As the amount of phosphorus in the body increases, various diseases develop. Violations can be detected by the presence of certain signs. Among them are:

Frequent bleeding;
Decreased immunity;
Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
Deviations in liver function;
Salt deposits;
Decreased bone density.

Sources for humans

Required amount of microelement enters the human body with food. The main source of the substance is protein foods. This includes fish, poultry and any type of meat.

Phosphorus is important trace element, without which it is impossible normal operation our body. If it is enough, then people do not feel any discomfort. With a lack of phosphorus appear unpleasant problems with health. In particular, bones and teeth suffer, and various diseases begin to develop.

What are the consequences of a lack of phosphorus in the body?

Phosphorus is present in bones and teeth. They are the first to suffer from a deficiency of this microelement. Bones become brittle, teeth crumble and gradually decay.

The substance helps our body obtain energy from the food it eats. It is necessary for the breakdown of BZHU and the absorption of glucose. People simply cannot grow and develop without this element.

Phosphoric acid is involved in cell separation. It is responsible for normalizing metabolism and is involved in the creation of nerve endings. If a person has a phosphorus deficiency, then all this stops working normally.

Of course, the list of its functions does not end there. Let's highlight the main ones:

Participation in metabolic processes. Without this element normal exchange carbohydrates and proteins is simply impossible. In addition, significant problems with intracellular metabolism begin;
Supports acid and alkaline balance. Research shows that this chemical element present in blood, lymph and other liquid tissues;
Energy exchange. The microelement is found in various compounds. During their decay, energy is formed. It is used to contract muscles, metabolic processes etc.

Thus, a lack of phosphorus in the body is a serious problem that can lead to a lot of troubles and complications.

Causes of phosphorus deficiency

Research shows that phosphorus deficiency is a situation that people rarely encounter. But, of course, it is very real. Why does this happen? The main reason is an incorrect (unbalanced) diet. A person refuses meat and other foods high in protein, preferring fresh plant foods. Sometimes the level of phosphorus in the body decreases in pregnant women, as well as in people who abuse alcohol or drugs, have problems with metabolism.

Let's highlight the most common reasons:

Acute or chronic problems with the stomach and other organs of the digestive system;
Abuse of soda, all kinds of dyes and food additives;
Metabolism problems;
Long-term use of medications. Especially if they contain a lot of elements such as magnesium and aluminum (their excess does not allow phosphorus to be absorbed normally in the body);
Poisoning ( chemicals, alcoholic drinks);
Artificial feeding. Feeding low-quality, age-inappropriate infant formula and various fermented milk products leads to a decrease in phosphorus content in a small child;
Long-term protein-free diet. If a person does not “nourish” the body sufficient quantity protein, then the lack of phosphorus will be felt more and more.

Thus, a deficiency of this trace element, in most cases, is the result of an unhealthy lifestyle (diet) or other serious health problems.

Signs of phosphorus deficiency in humans

How to understand that there is not enough phosphorus in the human body? Experts say this is not easy to do. Distinctive features This problem simply doesn't exist. Therefore people for a long time They don't even suspect its existence.

With minimal deficiency, a person feels unwell. Efficiency decreases, apathy appears, interest in everything that surrounds him is lost. At the same time, problems with appetite and sleep are observed.

If the situation is not corrected, i.e. the amount of phosphorus in the blood and body does not increase, then problems will affect the nervous system:

Problems with memory and intelligence;
Frequent changes mood;
Irritability.

More serious problems will arise in the future. In humans, phosphorus deficiency causes the following disorders:

Complete loss of appetite
Constant headaches, weakness throughout the body, drowsiness. These unpleasant symptoms are observed all the time. It doesn’t matter how much a person sleeps or rests, or how intensely he works.
Reducing physical activity. A person notices trembling in the muscles, they gradually weaken. This makes it increasingly difficult for him to cope with even simple everyday tasks;
Continuous feeling of fear, anxiety, irritability. This is due to problems in the nervous system. It is difficult for a person to describe exactly what he feels. His mood and well-being can change dramatically without visible reasons;
Sensitivity problems skin. Hands/feet become numb or overly sensitive. The slightest touch, hot and cool objects can cause discomfort and pain;
Pathologies of bones and joints. Painful sensations, injuries, “accidental” fractures - all this is associated with phosphorus and calcium (their lack in bone tissue).

The problem cannot be ignored or neglected. Known fact, it is always easier to get rid of diseases early stages. Therefore, at the first signs of phosphorus deficiency, the most important and priority task- consultation with the attending physician.

How to compensate for the lack of phosphorus in the body

To effectively replenish this reserve valuable substance in the body, you need to adjust your daily diet. Try to eat foods that contain large amounts of phosphorus. A good choice would be: nuts (hazelnuts and walnuts), cottage cheese (with a high percentage of fat), peas, eggs, cereals and rye bread.

Dishes made from fish or meat are also suitable. If you are deficient in phosphorus, minimize the amount of plant foods in your daily menu. Just replace it with the foods described earlier. It is advisable to consult a nutritionist.

And in general, don’t forget to watch your diet. Make sure it is balanced and your body gets everything essential vitamins and microelements. From their lack or too much, other troubles can arise.

Why does excess phosphorus occur?

If there is too much phosphorus in the body, then this is also a reason for

I have serious concerns. An excess of a microelement can provoke following problems with health:

Osteoporosis;
Pathology of the liver or intestines;
Urolithiasis disease;
Internal bleeding;
Leukopenia.

Sometimes doctors diagnose a patient with phosphorus poisoning. It's about about situations when there is too much of this microelement in the body. There are disturbances in the functioning of the digestive organs and heart muscle, numerous and small hemorrhages begin, in particular on retina. When it's possible? Let's look at the main options.

With prolonged interaction with all kinds of phosphorus-containing substances (for example, due to professional activities).
Due to abuse canned food and “colored” sodas.
Due to poor metabolism. In this case, the patient needs comprehensive examination and a course of treatment to get rid of metabolic problems

How to achieve phosphorus balance in the body

To prevent problems with phosphorus deficiency/excess in adults and children, it is important to control their daily diet. Daily Need people in this microelement - 1200 milligrams. Practice shows that it is difficult to allow a shortage. To do this, you will have to become a vegetarian, eat only vegetables and fruits grown on lands poor in phosphates.

If the diet is balanced, then it is not difficult to obtain the optimal amount of microelement. It is included in most products that we are used to eating. Everyday life. There is meat, cabbage, fish and much more.

Additionally, you should take into account your age and make appropriate adjustments to your diet. For people over forty years old, dairy products and fish and a minimum of meat are recommended. Such a correction will make it easier for the kidneys, which will be able to properly remove excess phosphorus from the body.

Phosphorus is not only one of the most common elements earth's crust(its content is 0.08-0.09% of its mass, and the concentration is sea water 0.07 mg/l), but phosphorus is also present in every cell of the body and, together with calcium, phosphorus is the most abundant mineral in the body.
- a macronutrient that makes up 1% of the total body weight of a person, it is required by every cell of the body for normal functioning. Phosphorus is present in living cells in the form of ortho- and pyrophosphoric acids, and is part of nucleotides, nucleic acids, phosphoproteins, phospholipids, coenzymes, and enzymes. Phosphorus, in the form of phosphate compounds, is present in cells and tissues throughout the body, but most of it (about 85%) is concentrated in bones and teeth (in the form of calcium phosphate salt).
The liver plays the main role in the transformation of phosphorus compounds in the body of humans and animals. The exchange of phosphorus compounds is regulated by hormones and.

Functions of phosphorus in the body

● The main function of phosphorus in the body is the formation of bones and teeth. Human bones consist of hydroxyapatite 3Ca3(PO4)3 Ca(OH)2. The composition of tooth enamel includes fluorapatite.
● Phosphorus in the form of phospholipids (e.g. phosphatidylcholine) is the main structural component cell membranes. Phosphorus is necessary for the growth and regeneration of all tissues and cells of the body. Phosphorus also helps reduce muscle pain after a hard workout.
● Phosphorus in the form of phosphorylated compounds such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate plays an exclusive role important role in the exchange of energy and substances in organisms. These phosphorylated compounds are primarily known as a universal source of energy for all biochemical processes occurring in living systems.
● Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information, have long chains phosphate-containing molecules.
● Phosphorus is also essential for the body's balanced use of vitamins and minerals, including vitamin D, iodine, magnesium and.
● Phosphorus helps maintain normal acid-base balance(pH)
● The phosphorus-containing molecule 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) binds to the hemoglobin of red blood cells and facilitates the delivery of oxygen to body tissues.
● Phosphorus helps the kidneys function to filter out waste.
● Phosphorus plays an important role in the functioning of the cardiovascular and nervous systems.

The body's need for phosphorus

The daily human need for phosphorus is 800-1500 mg. With a lack of phosphorus in the body, various diseases bones.
According to the recommendations (RDA) of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA
dietary phosphorus intake by age categories:

From 0 to 6 months: 100 mg per day
From 7 to 12 months: 275 mg per day
From 1 to 3 years: 460 mg per day
From 4 to 8 years: 500 mg per day
From 9 to 18 years: 1250 mg per day
Adults: 700 mg per day
Pregnant and breastfeeding women:
Under 18: 1250 mg per day
Over 18: 700 mg per day
The upper acceptable level of phosphorus intake is 3-4 g per day.

Phosphorus deficiency. Hypophosphatemia

Because phosphorus is so widely distributed in foods, dietary phosphorus deficiency or phosphorus deficiency (hypophosphatemia) is usually observed only in cases of near starvation. However, some diseases such as diabetes, Crohn's disease, celiac disease can lead to a drop in phosphorus levels in the body. In addition, some medications (antacids and diuretics ()) can lower phosphorus levels.

Symptoms of phosphorus deficiency
● loss of appetite, weakness, fatigue, weight change
● restlessness, irritability, irregular breathing
● pain in bones and joints, bone fragility, numbness, tingling in the limbs
● rickets (in children), osteomalacia (in adults)
● increased susceptibility to infections,

Interactions that reduce phosphorus levels in the body

● Alcohol causes phosphorus to leach from bones, thereby causing low phosphorus levels.
● Antacids - medications intended for the treatment of acid-related diseases of the gastrointestinal tract through neutralization of hydrochloric acid, included in gastric juice. Antacids containing aluminum, calcium, or magnesium (such as Almagel, Maalox, Mylanta, Riopan, and Alternagel) can bind phosphate in the intestines, preventing the body from absorbing phosphorus. Long term use Such drugs may result in low phosphorus levels (hypophosphatemia).
● Some anticonvulsants(including phenobarbital, carbamazepine, Tegretol) may decrease phosphorus levels and increase levels of alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme that helps remove phosphate from the body.
● drugs (cholestyramine (Questran), colestipol (Colestid)) may reduce the oral absorption of phosphate from food or supplements. Therefore phosphate nutritional supplements should be taken at least 1 hour before or 4 hours after taking these medications.
● Corticosteroids, including prednisolone or methylprednisolone (Medrol), increase the level of phosphorus in the urine.
● High doses insulin may reduce phosphorus levels in people with diabetic ketoacidosis(a condition caused by severe insulin deficiency).
● Use of dietary phosphorus supplements with potassium-sparing diuretics (spironolactone (Aldactone), triamterene (Dyrenium)) can lead to hyperkalemia (excess potassium in the blood) and resulting disorders heart rate(arrhythmias).
● ACE inhibitors – drugs for the treatment of high blood pressure may lead to decreased phosphorus levels. They include: Benazepril (Lotensin), Captopril (Capoten), Enalapril (Vasotec), Fosinopril (Monopril), Lisinopril (Zestril, Prinivil), Quinapril (Accupril), Ramipril (Altace).
● Other medications may lower phosphorus levels. Cyclosporine (used to suppress immune system), cardiac glycosides (digoxin), heparins (blood thinners), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as ibuprofen or Advil). Salt substitutes also contain high levels of potassium and long-term use may cause a decrease in phosphorus levels.

High levels of phosphorus in the body

Having too much phosphorus in the body is actually more alarming symptom than its deficiency.
High level phosphorus in the blood is possible only in people with severe kidney disease or severe dysfunction of calcium regulation, and can be combined with calcification (calcification, deposition of calcium salts in soft tissues).
A high level of phosphorus in the body is possible when excessive consumption phosphorus and low calcium intake.
Some studies suggest that higher phosphorus intake is associated with increased risk cardiovascular diseases. As the amount of phosphorus you eat increases, so does the need for calcium. A balance between calcium and phosphorus is essential for proper bone density and the prevention of osteoporosis.

Food Sources of Phosphorus

Phosphorus is found in food products animal origin, because it is the most important component of animal proteins. Dairy products, meat, poultry, fish, and eggs are especially rich in phosphorus.
Phosphorus in all plant seeds (beans, peas, cereals, cereals and nuts) is present in the form phytic acid or phytates. Phytic acid reduces the bioavailability of total phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, zinc and many other minerals. Only about 50% of the phosphorus from phytates is available to humans because the body lacks the enzyme (phytase) that can release phosphorus from phytates.
Cereals, like legumes, contain phytic acid in the whole grain, but most of all in its shell. This acid combines with certain minerals present in the intestines to form insoluble phytates. This prevents the absorption of minerals in our body (they talk about demineralization). Fortunately, under the influence phytases(an enzyme that is activated in sourdough), phytic acid is destroyed. The higher the percentage of flour purification, the more content phytic acid. How more dough fermented, the more time the sourdough phytase has to release minerals from its phytic acid bond. In addition, the process of dough fermentation is like a digestion process that begins outside the stomach. Sourdough bread is easier to digest than yeast bread, which undergoes alcoholic fermentation during the rise of the dough.
Phosphorus is also a component of many polyphosphate dietary supplements and is present in most soft drinks like phosphoric acid.
Fruits and vegetables contain only small amounts of phosphorus.

Phosphorus content in food:
Milk, skimmed, glass 240 ml - 247 mg
Yogurt, plain low-fat, 240ml glass - 385 mg
Mozzarella cheese, 100 g - 400 mg
Boiled egg, 1 piece - 104 mg
Cooked beef, 100g - 173 mg
Cooked chicken, 100g - 155 mg
Cooked turkey, 100g - 173 mg
Fish, halibut, cooked, 100g - 242 mg
Fish, cooked salmon, 100g - 252 mg
Bread, whole wheat, 1 slice - 57 mg
Bread, enriched white, 1 slice - 25 mg
Carbonated cola drinks, 350 ml - 40 mg
Almonds, 23 nuts (30 g) - 134 mg
Peanut, 30 g - 107 mg
Lentils, 1/2 cup, cooked - 178 mg

Phosphorus and diet

Calcium and phosphorus balance
Nutritionists recommend a balance of calcium and phosphorus in the diet. For example, a typical western diet, contains approximately 2 to 4 times more phosphorus than calcium. Meat and poultry contain 10 to 20 times more phosphorus than calcium, and carbonated drinks such as cola contain 500 mg of phosphorus per serving. When the body has more phosphorus than calcium, calcium is washed out of the bones. This can lead to osteoporosis (brittle bones) and to the destruction of tooth enamel and gum disease.

Calcium and vitamin D
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D are responsible for regulating the balance of calcium and phosphorus. Slight decrease the level of calcium in the blood (for example, in case of insufficient calcium intake) leads to increased secretion of PTH. PTH stimulates the conversion of vitamin D into its active form(calcitriol) in the kidneys. An increase in calcitriol levels, in turn, leads to an increase in intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus. Parathyroid hormone and vitamin D stimulate the resorption (destruction) of bone tissue, resulting in the release of bone tissue (calcium and phosphate) into the blood and increased excretion of phosphorus in the urine. As a result of increased excretion of phosphorus in the urine, the level of calcium in the blood rises to normal.

Diet with high content fructose
A study of 11 adult men found that a high fructose diet (20% of total calories) resulted in increased urinary phosphorus and a negative body phosphorus balance (daily phosphorus losses exceeded daily dose in the diet). This effect was more pronounced when the diet was also low in magnesium.

Available Forms of Phosphorus Supplements

Elemental phosphorus (phosphorus) is a white or yellow waxy substance that oxidizes with a pale green glow (chemiluminescence) when exposed to air. Phosphorus is very poisonous (causes bone damage, bone marrow, necrosis of the jaws). Lethal dose white phosphorus for an adult male is 0.05-0.1 g. In medicine, elemental phosphorus is used only in.
Inorganic phosphates are used as food additives for phosphorus, which are non-toxic at normal doses:
● Monopotassium phosphate or monobasic potassium phosphate KN 2 PO 4
● Dibasic potassium phosphate K 2 HPO 4
● Monobasic sodium phosphate NaH 2 PO 4
● Dibasic sodium phosphate Na 2 HPO 4
● Sodium orthophosphate or tribasic sodium phosphate Na 3 PO 4
● Phosphatidylcholine
● Phosphatidylserine

Most people do not need to take phosphorus supplements; a healthy body gets the amount it needs from food.
Athletes sometimes use phosphate supplements before competitions or heavy training to reduce fatigue and muscle pain.
Phosphates are also used as laxative enemas.

Precautionary measures
Due to possible side effects and drug interactions, you should only take dietary supplements under supervision knowledgeable doctor.
Too much phosphate can cause diarrhea, promote the deposition of calcium salts in any soft tissues or organs (calcinosis), and affect the body's ability to use calcium, magnesium, etc.