All about human teeth for children. Color and shape

What do we know about teeth? Most of us know only that teeth need to be cleaned regularly, and it is advisable to have periodic check-ups with the dentist. To learn more, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the most interesting facts about teeth.

Why are the first teeth called milk teeth?

Modern science knows for certain that the rudiments of teeth begin to form even in the womb. In the first weeks of a baby's life, of course, there can be no question of full-fledged molars - he does not need them yet. But why were the first teeth called milk teeth? It turns out that they were called so by the notorious Hippocrates, whose oath is still pronounced by medical students. It was he who proposed the theory according to which the first teeth begin to form from mother's milk, because they erupt during the period breastfeeding. Since then, our first 20 teeth have been called milk teeth, although milk has nothing to do with their growth.

Teeth are not restored!

A popular proverb warns against excessive nervousness, because " nerve cells are not restored." In fact, neurons are able to regenerate, although this process occurs very slowly. But our body has sole organ, which is really "not subject to restoration" - teeth. From the moment milk teeth are replaced by molars, they remain with us for life. And they cannot overcome the emerging problems “on their own”. Therefore, the last thing you should save on is visits to the dentist.

Stronger than steel

Precisely because teeth cannot regenerate, they are made up of the hardest tissue in the human body. Tooth enamel slightly inferior in strength to diamond, but can easily be compared with some types of steel. Enamel - protective barrier, which ensures the safety of the tooth, prevents destruction from mechanical impact and influence food acids. Numerous attempts by scientists to create a similar material with the same properties were in vain. The crown - similar to tooth enamel - can withstand a maximum of 15 years, while the enamel is able to maintain a "working" state for all 60.

Calcium reserves

Almost all of the calcium in our body accumulates ... no, not in the bones. 99% of it required substance contained in the teeth. That is why stories about emerging problems with teeth in pregnant women are passed down from generation to generation. Teeth during pregnancy can really deteriorate, but only if the body does not receive enough calcium "from the outside." The growing body of the baby will take from the mother everything that he needs. Therefore, teeth, as the main "reserve" of calcium, suffer in the first place.

Freshen your breath... fan

Paying attention to historical facts, you can find a lot of amazing things related to ideas about teeth, how to care for them and the fight against backfire lack of proper treatment. For example, an unaesthetic appearance of teeth or bad smell from mouth. Both problems, at a time when toothpaste was not common, were solved simply - with the help of a fan. The fan served not only as a salvation in the stuffy court halls. Often they coquettishly covered their mouths to hide the lack of teeth in their mouths. And if they were still in place, but were not healthy, the inevitable bad smell was driven away with a fan.

Wrinkles from chewing?

During the reign of Louis XI wide use received the myth that thorough chewing food leads to premature wrinkles. Therefore, those who wanted to keep the elasticity of the skin of the face as long as possible preferred food that did not need to be chewed, but rather simply “drink”. Surely it was this prejudice that gave impetus to the development of such a trend in French cuisine as the preparation of cream soups. Their grated texture is very reminiscent of the "liquid" food favored by 15th-century French dandies.

Dentist training

Aesculapius, reminiscent of dentists, existed in Ancient Egypt. However graduates appeared for the first time only in 1699 - it was a limited edition of the French medical college. However, the extraction of a damaged tooth is still for a long time remained an undesirable procedure, which was used only in the last resort. There was little pleasant in it, and dentists-dentists trained daily for several hours - they pulled out nails driven into the board.

Jewels in the teeth - vintage jewelry

The fashion to decorate teeth with all kinds of semi-precious stones dates back to ancient times. The South American peoples have achieved special mastery in this. The Incas, for example, made dental implants from the shells of sea mussels - this is confirmed by a skull fragment found by archaeologists in what is now Honduras. From other Inca skulls found, it can be said that amethyst and quartz implants were also considered popular. The Peruvian Museum has a skull in which all 32 teeth have been replaced.
And the ancient Maya, on the contrary, preferred only to decorate, and not to replace them with stone products. 2500 years ago they encrusted their teeth with precious and semi-precious stones. Such jewelry, just like today, demonstrated the wealth and prosperity of their owner.
Fashion for "tooth" jewelry throughout human history returned several times. So, during the time of pirate maritime domination, the favorite " sea ​​wolves"flaunted with teeth made of the purest diamonds. Unfortunately, there is no information about how comfortable such teeth were. Today, dental inlay is experiencing a new round of popularity. Show business stars especially like to “shine” their teeth. Britney Spears, Beyoncé, Lady Gaga and many others put small "pebbles" in their teeth.

The most expensive tooth in the world

Still recognized as the most valuable in history natural tooth. Its fabulous price is explained outstanding achievements its original owner, Isaac Newton. This tooth was sold at auction for more than three thousand dollars by a certain aristocrat who wished not to disclose his name. The lord planned to insert the acquired “artifact” into the ring so that he would never part with it.
Therefore, it makes sense to take care of your teeth, it is quite possible that someday they will cost a fortune!

A person gets teeth a few months after birth and, with luck, keeps them for life. Such commonplace! They are taken care of, they are proud of them, they are embarrassed. However, few people know what they are capable of.

Today in fashion Hollywood smile. Has it always been like this? How did the fashion for teeth change, and, most importantly, which ones are stronger - white or yellow?

About human teeth: interesting facts

Is it good or bad to have dentures in your mouth? Which teeth are the most beautiful, which are the strongest? What people have not done with their teeth throughout human history: inked, put on gold crowns, painted in different colors. Today, fashionistas decorate them with rhinestones, and sometimes with precious stones.

However, before improving, it is good to understand what they really are. What is good for them and what is bad? Are they strong or will they break from a bone that has fallen into food?

The condition of the teeth is directly related to the health of their owner. Since everything interacts in the human body, it is possible to judge by the condition of the teeth which organs are susceptible to diseases:

1. The upper and lower incisors reflect the condition genitourinary system. Their diseases signal kidney disease. Our ears are also connected to them.
2. Sick fangs warn of malfunctions in the biliary tract.
3. Premolars show the state of the lungs, bronchi, signal the appearance of polyps. They also reflect disruptions in the work of the large intestine.
4. Molars suffer if the spleen is naughty, in diseases digestive tract and excretory system.
5. The last of the molars, the wisdom teeth, reflect the work of the heart. If they are in trouble, it is useful to check if there are any coronary disease or other cardiac problems.

Chewing organs are necessary for a person, throughout history they have been treated, decorated, replaced and, of course, cleaned. Many interesting facts are known about them. The oldest toothpaste found in Egypt. She is 5 thousand years old. Toothpaste consisted of wine and pumice, sometimes urine was added to it in order to use the cleansers of the ammonia contained in it.

Teeth are sold at special auctions. The only one extracted tooth Isaac Newton sold for $3,240 and John Lennon's tooth cost the buyer at £19,500. What is the health of our teeth?

Enamel: brittle or strong?

Dental health is determined by enamel. Toothpastes contain substances that make it whiter, promise to strengthen it. However, few people know that enamel itself is very hard, it is the most hard tissue in the human body. The content of inorganic substances in enamel reaches 97%, but water is only 3%.

Different parts of the tooth are covered with enamel of different thicknesses. The surface that is intended for chewing is not at all thick, the layer on the sides is much larger. The least amount of enamel is at the base of the tooth, near the gums.

We need it not only to protect internal parts tooth. Enamel protects us from discomfort when we eat hot or cold, sour, spicy, sweet. Enamel thinning causes a lot of trouble, but it allows you to understand how important it is to protect it. Thin enamel cracks easily and is at risk of caries.

The composition of enamel is constantly changing, it is influenced by both those occurring in the body metabolic processes as well as food products. In addition to the fact that over time it is erased, the minerals are washed out of it when frequent use sparkling water and packaged juices. However, it can be helped by including foods rich in calcium in the diet.

Color and shape

Straight white teeth - the ideal that you want to achieve. However, natural coloring is rare. Only in youth, when the enamel layer is thick enough and it has a pronounced microrelief, the teeth look snow-white. In reality, even during this period, their color is uneven. The cutting surfaces are slightly lighter than the side ones, and the teeth themselves have different colors. The fangs, for example, are darker than the incisors.

Over the years, the enamel becomes thinner, dentin shines through it, which is darker in the elderly. In older people, the smile no longer shines with whiteness. Excessive whitening, which thins the enamel, can give the same effect.

Color also depends on heredity (see also:). In people with different color skin related to different races, and the color of the enamel is different. The most common shade is red-brown. This does not mean that people have red or brown teeth. It's just that the enamel has a slight difference from the reference white. Slavs are distinguished by a yellow-red hue. Africans have the whitest teeth, but this effect occurs in contrast to dark skin.

The shape of the teeth depends on the functions they perform. The incisors are thin, but have a sharp edge. The fangs are conical in shape, they are designed to hold food. Premolars carefully process the food eaten, preparing them for shipment to the stomach. Molars grind coarse food, produce it primary processing. All teeth perform the same functions, and yet each one is individual.

Since ancient times, the Chinese have tried to determine the inclinations and disposition of a person by the teeth. It was believed that they encoded information about the future of a person, his personal qualities, relationships with the world and others.

Happiness and prosperity awaited people with even white teeth. Those who have them even, but yellow and sick, especially if some have already been lost, were considered lazy and irresponsible. However, it was possible to determine the character and future of a person only by the teeth, not touched by the dentist.

Quantity: the more the better?

Teeth begin to deteriorate over time, some have to be removed. It would probably be nice to have spare ones so that you don’t have to replace the lost ones with prostheses. However, is it good to have a lot of teeth?

In dentistry, facts are known that cast doubt on this assertion. There is such a disease - hyperdontia. It lies in the fact that a person grows additional teeth. If there are extra 1 or 2, you can still put up with it. Worst case, just remove it. However dental treatment at in large numbers teeth is serious problem. When there are a lot of them, you have to remove not one or two, but dozens.

It turns out that there are not so few people who have supernumerary teeth. 2% of the world's population has experienced this problem. In 2014 alone, 2 records were set for the number of extracted teeth: a seven-year-old patient had 80 supernumerary units removed, and another - an Indian teenager - as many as 232!

Implants and prostheses: a well-forgotten old

Empty positions in the dentition are replaced with dentures. Bridges are attached to neighboring units, allowing you to chew food. IN last years widespread received implants that are implanted into the bone, and are closed from above with a crown.

However, implants and prostheses are by no means a new invention. Teeth have long been inserted in place of the lost ones, because without them a person was deprived of the opportunity to eat. The Etruscans are recognized as the founders of prosthetics. For 6 centuries before the beginning of our era, they learned how to make bridge prostheses, cutting them out of the teeth of animals.

In the southern regions of the globe, they were made from hard tortoise shells. Making prostheses was a real art, so not everyone could afford such a luxury. The most luxurious of ancient teeth were found in South America. The Inca prosthesis included a complete set of 32 units, made of quartz and amethyst.

Among other peoples, prostheses were the teeth of soldiers who died in battle. In England in the Middle Ages, people sought to acquire prostheses as early as possible. It was believed that you still can’t do without them, so it’s better to do it as early as possible. They replaced their teeth with artificial ones in their youth, and the prosthesis was considered a wonderful wedding gift.

Healthy teeth - what are they?

This article talks about typical ways to solve your questions, but each case is unique! If you want to know from me how to solve exactly your problem - ask your question. It's fast and free!

Health

The first thing we often pay attention to when looking at a person is his smile, and the person healthy teeth usually makes a good first impression. An adult has an average of 28 to 33 teeth, depending on the presence or absence of wisdom teeth.

Teeth perform not only an aesthetic role, but also help in grinding food for it. better digestion. But, apart from the fact that they need to be cleaned, we know little about this anatomical features. Here are some interesting facts about our teeth.

1. Some babies are born with teeth.

About one in 2,000 babies is born with prenatal teeth - that is, teeth that erupted before birth. As a rule, these teeth grow on the lower gum, and they have weak roots. Often such teeth are removed so that they do not interfere with breastfeeding and do not lead to accidental swallowing. In some cases, they may indicate the presence of certain medical problems, and in ancient physiognomy they were associated with evil forces. According to some statements, Julius Caesar and Napoleon were born with teeth.

2. Not all people lose baby teeth

The loss of milk teeth is natural step in our life. Usually, by the age of 3, children already have the entire set of 20 temporary teeth, which then loosen and fall out, after which they begin to erupt permanent teeth at the age of 5-6 years. This process ends at an early adolescence. But there are cases when a person does not grow permanent teeth, which is often associated with a family predisposition, he still has milk teeth.

3. Some people have too many teeth.

Approximately 2 percent of people have hyperdontia, in which a person grows additional supernumerary teeth. Many of these teeth remain hidden under the gum, but sometimes they erupt and begin to crowd out other teeth. Very rarely, a person loses a permanent set of teeth at an older age and another set grows in him. Everyone else will need dentures.

4. Tumors Can Grow Teeth Too

With teratoma - a tumor of germ cells, which is often found in the ovaries, testicles and sacrococcygeal region, teeth can be found in the tissues of the tumor, as well as hair, eyes, hands and other limbs. Fortunately, these tumors are most often benign and can be removed surgically.

5. You can see with your teeth too

In 2000, one woman in the United States underwent unique operation. Sharon Thornton (Sharon Thornton) lost her sight due to Stevens-Johnson syndrome, in which the cells of the surface of the eye are destroyed. Doctors offered to restore the woman's vision with the help of ... a tooth. She had a canine tooth removed, into which an artificial lens was inserted and implanted in her left eye. A day later, the blind woman was able to see the world again.

6. Straight teeth are not considered beautiful in all countries.

Do you think that straight white teeth are the ideal of beauty, recognized everywhere? In Japan, crooked teeth called "yaeba" have become very popular. At the same time, many Japanese women deliberately bend their straight teeth, emphasizing fangs, in order to look younger and prettier.

7. We won't have wisdom teeth in the future.

Third molars, or wisdom teeth, helped our larger-jawed ancestors grind roots, nuts, and leaves. But now about 35 percent of people are born without wisdom teeth. The rest of the dentists recommend removing them, as our oral cavity is too small for them. When our body no longer needs some organs or parts, they become rudimentary and eventually disappear. According to scientists, future generations will not have an appendix, wisdom teeth, and perhaps even little toes.

8. Raisins are worse for teeth than chocolate.

Not all sweets are equally bad for teeth. Sugar from different products is nutrient medium for bacteria that create acid that destroys teeth. Foods that get stuck in the teeth, including bread, chips, and dried fruits, are often more harmful than those that dissolve quickly (chocolate, gummies). At the same time, it is better to eat sweets right away than to snack many times during the day, constantly feeding the bacteria.

Tooth enamel is the hardest tissue in the human body.

The average human has 32 teeth, including 8 incisors, 4 canines, 12 molars (including 4 wisdom teeth) and 8 small molars. Each of them performs its functions. The incisors help to bite off pieces of food, the fangs hold and tear food, and the molars grind it.

There are no two identical dentitions. They are almost as unique as fingerprints.

According to legend, the Buddha had 40 teeth in its mouth. And the first man, Adam, had 30 teeth. From this number comes the number of days in a month.

As is known, ordinary person Throughout life, teeth change twice: first, 20 milk teeth appear, and then 32 true teeth. By the way, the name "milk teeth" was given by Hippocrates, who was convinced that the very first teeth of a child are formed from milk.

Oddly enough, scientists have proven that cocoa powder, which is part of chocolate, contains substances that prevent the formation of caries.

Thanks to modern technologies in dentistry, 46% of Russians are not at all afraid of dentists. However, the remaining 54% of citizens said that a visit to the dentist causes them some dislike.

by the most expensive tooth in the world was considered the tooth of Isaac Newton, sold in 1816 for $ 3,300. The aristocrat who bought it inserted this tooth into his ring.

History remembers such a case when one courtesan revealed the secret of the whiteness of teeth to Dumas son: “We must lie more, because teeth whiten miraculously from this.”

The Mayans painted their teeth with turquoise and jade, inserted into their teeth expensive stones. And the beloved women of the pirates of the Caribbean sported teeth made of diamonds.

People who brush their teeth three times a day are less likely to suffer from overweight. This conclusion was reached by Japanese scientists. They reportedly studied the lifestyle of 14,000 people.

Most dangerous sport for the teeth - it's hockey. 68 percent of professional hockey players have lost at least one tooth on the field.

Proved by medicine, the presence of strong teeth is directly reflected in the memory of a person.

99% of all calcium in the body is in the teeth.

IN ancient rome The patricians hired special slaves to brush their teeth.

As it turned out, business leaders (67% are afraid), as well as housewives (72%) are most afraid of dentists. And military personnel experience the least fear of the dentist (72% are not afraid).

Sugar was first added to chewing gum EXACTLY a dentist (William Semple in 1869). By the way, the electric chair was also invented by a dentist.

Teeth can be stored for a very long time, not succumbing to water, alkalis, and can withstand temperatures up to 1000 degrees.

Not so long ago, dentures were a popular wedding gift in the British Isles. People expected that they would soon lose all their teeth and themselves accelerated the process of tooth extraction in young age.

Under Vermont (USA) law, a woman cannot wear dentures without her husband's written permission.

In China, there is even a national holiday: “Love Your Teeth Day”, it takes place on September 20th.

In 1999, in the city of Phoenix (USA), an action "For healthy smile". 1,300 American schoolchildren, lined up in the shape of a toothbrush, simultaneously brushed their teeth for 3 minutes 3 seconds.

German scientists have found that eating two grapefruits a day significantly reduces the risk of diseases in oral cavity.

In the Middle Ages, to strengthen loose teeth, dentists recommended tying a frog to the jaw.

Tooth enamel is the hardest tissue produced by the human body.

Toothpaste was invented by the Egyptians about 5,000 years ago and was a mixture of wine and pumice.

As statistics show, Russian men much bolder than women. 60% of women are afraid to visit the dentist's office. Among men, this figure is only 45%.

Due to the hardness of diamond, most of these stones are used to make dental burs. And only about 20% of diamonds are processed by jewelers.

American dentists use about 13 tons of gold per year to make gold crowns.

Ancient Japanese dentists removed teeth with their bare hands.

The tooth is the only part human body which is incapable of self-healing. But in elephants, new teeth can grow up to 6 times.

In the Chinese city of Kulang, there are as many as 7 organizations for collecting used toothpicks. For every kilogram of toothpicks, such an organization pays $1.

If you are right-handed, then most of the food you chew on right side jaw, and vice versa, if you are left-handed, then on the left.

If one of identical twins one or another tooth is missing, as a rule, the same tooth is missing in the other twin.

Hard, skillful teeth are said to be a sign of an energetic, warlike person. Small teeth are associated with pettiness and greed, and large teeth with kindness and openness of character.

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The modern world is full of surprises. The more science develops, the more amazing facts which we had no idea. In this sense, dentistry is no exception. In this article, I decided to bring 10 interesting dental facts, which you did not know ... Unless, of course, you have not come across this page before.
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1. Toothbrushes with nylon bristles first appeared in 1938. However, brushes with bristles made from other materials existed long before that. So, in China, the first such brushes appeared in 1498. The materials for them were pig bristles, horse and badger hair.

2. The first orthodontic construction was made by Pierre Fauchard in 1728. It was a flat strip of metal attached to the teeth with a thread. Technical progress does not stand still and braces came to replace this design over time, now dentists recommend using it for better and comfortable treatment dental defects - veneers for teeth. GermanMedicalGroup offers one of the best dental veneers in the world. Trust the professionals.

3. Mao Zedong, like many Chinese at the time, refused to brush his teeth. Instead, he rinsed his mouth with tea and chewed the tea leaves. "Why brush? Does a tiger ever brush its teeth?" he said.

4. Not so long ago, dentures were a popular wedding gift in the British Isles because people expected to lose all their teeth fairly soon and hastened the process by extracting teeth at a relatively young age.

5. Absolute power chewing muscles on one side is 195 kg, and muscle contraction on both sides can reach a force of 390 kg. Of course, the periodontium cannot withstand such pressure, and therefore the usual chewing pressure is 9-15 kg (well, a maximum of 100 kg if you gnaw nuts).

6. Worldwide well-known manufacturer toothpaste company Colgate™ faced an unexpected obstacle in promoting its products in the Spanish-speaking market. Translated from Spanish, "colgate" means "go and get up."

7. Under Vermont US law, a woman is not allowed to wear dentures without her husband's written permission.

8. Before the technology for making artificial ceramic teeth was invented in the 19th century, the teeth of soldiers who fell on the battlefield were used as material for dentures. Yes, after civil war in the United States, English dentists received whole barrels of such cargo.

9. At court french king Louis XI, aristocrats ate only soup, because. they were convinced that excessive chewing efforts could cause facial wrinkles to appear prematurely.

10. The first "dentists" were the Etruscans. They cut out artificial teeth from the teeth of various mammals already in the 7th century BC, and also knew how to make bridges strong enough for chewing.

11. Dentures can be radioactive. Of one million prostheses, about half have a ceramic component with microscopic inclusions of uranium. Without the addition of uranium, the prostheses would have a matte green tint under artificial light.

12. George Washington, who had almost no own teeth, very carefully monitored the condition of the teeth of his six horses, ordering them to be examined and cleaned every day.

13. If one of the identical twins is missing one or another tooth, as a rule, the same tooth is missing in the other twin.

14. Shops in Providence, Rhode Island, USA, are prohibited by law from selling toothbrushes on Saturday.

15. Only 20% of diamonds are cut. Due to the hardness of the stone, most diamonds are used to make various tools, such as dental burs. American dentists use about 13 tons of gold per year to make crowns, bridges, inlays and dentures.

16. common diseases in the world are various diseases periodontal disease, such as, for example, gingivitis (inflammation of the gums). Few people on the entire planet manage to avoid one form or another of it.

17. In the Chinese city of Kulang, there are 7 collection centers for used toothpicks. For every pound (approximately 454 g) of toothpicks, such a center pays 35 cents.