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Biochemical research gives blood important information about the work of certain organs and the whole organism as a whole. One of the leading roles in assessing the patient’s condition is played by a blood test for total protein, TBC. This concept means the presence in the blood of all protein molecules in total, including all kinds of fractions and subtypes. A deviation in this level may indicate unfavorable changes occurring in the body. We will tell you more about the indicator in this article.

Total protein in the blood, what is it?

Protein serves as the most important building material for almost all organs and tissues, as well as for the creation of cellular structures and plasma. It creates a kind of frame base on which other cellular and molecular structures. There is not a single cell or liquid substance in the human body that does not contain at least the slightest amount squirrel.

There are a large variety of protein fractions: globulins, albumins, fibrinogens, etc., each of which has its own tasks and functions. For example, albumins maintain optimal cell structure, globulins are responsible for the activity of immune processes, fibrinogens are responsible for proper blood clotting. Norm total protein in the blood is determined by the method of the total concentration of all available components. Their insufficiency indicates the inferiority of the structures and functionality of organs and tissues.

Thus, the protein implements the following significant roles in the body, namely:

Transfers various substances, including nutrients to organs and tissues;
Provides viscosity and ductility of blood;
It is the most important reserve storage of amino acids;
Regulates normal level Blood pH;
Retains elements of iron, calcium, copper and other useful substances in the blood;
Maintains the required volume of blood in capillaries and vessels.

Thus, establishing the level of OBC is one of the primary coefficients of complete protein metabolism, which is determined by the method of studying serum and blood plasma.

Normal level of total protein in blood

The OBC indicator is considered within normal limits if it is 65-85 g/l. However, such figures are very average and can change throughout life. Therefore for each age category patients, certain acceptable limits have been established:

newborns - 48-75 g/l;
one-year-old children - 47-73 g/l;
children from 1-4 years old - 60-75 g/l;
children from 5 to 7 years old - 52-78 g/l;
children 8-15 years old - 58-76 g/l;
teenagers from 16 years old. and adults - 65-85g/l;
elderly people from 60 years old - 70-83 g/l.

The total protein norm in adult and healthy men should be in the range of 66-88 g/l. Whereas, the total protein norm in women’s blood may be slightly reduced, by about ten%, due to their physiological characteristics, since women have a greater need for protein, but a lower ability to produce it in the liver.

In addition, sometimes a situation is acceptable when the total protein level in the blood during pregnancy deviates downward by 30%, due to changes occurring in the woman’s body, due to increased needs and expenses associated with her current situation. The doctor concludes that total protein in the blood is reduced during pregnancy for physiological reasons, only if the patient has no complaints and pathological symptoms.

Reasons when total protein in the blood is low

The condition when total protein in the blood is low is called hypoproteinemia in medicine. She may be; relative, absolute, and also physiological.

Hypoproteinemia is considered physiological if its development is not associated with any pathologies in the body. Typically, total protein is reduced during pregnancy, during breastfeeding, as well as in children whose internal organs are not yet fully adapted to the formation of a full number of protein molecules. A decrease in level can also be observed when the patient remains in a supine position for a long time, subject to bed rest. Or, on the contrary, frequent long-term physical activity and overwork can provoke a decrease in the indicator.

Compliance strict diets or complete starvation, can also lead to protein deficiency.

Relative hypoproteinemia is usually associated with an increase in fluid in the human circulatory system, and this happens for several reasons, for example:

an increase in the blood of the hypothalamus hormone, which is capable of retaining water in the body;
disturbance of normal urination (anuria);
intravenous administration of glucose in large doses;
drinking too much water (water poisoning).

Often, total protein is reduced in a patient as a result of the development of certain diseases, inflammatory processes. In this case, they talk about absolute hypoproteinemia, and it is usually associated with:

inflammatory diseases in the gastrointestinal tract associated with deterioration of protein absorption;
receiving extensive burns;
development of tumor formations;
exhaustion of the body as a result of a long-term serious illness;
disruption of the thyroid gland;
disorder of protein production in the liver, as a result of diseases such as cirrhosis or hepatitis;
HIV and other immunodeficiency states.

Only a doctor can determine the true reason for the decrease in BBC, based on the results full examination. If necessary, the specialist will prescribe the “right” form of treatment, diet and medications to normalize protein level.

Reasons why total protein in the blood is elevated

The situation when total protein in the blood is increased is called. hyperproteinemia. With such a condition in medical practice occurs much less frequently, and may be a sign of certain pathologies:

severe dehydration (with severe diarrhea/vomiting);
bleeding disorders;
severe intoxication;
allergic reactions;
intestinal obstruction, resulting in disruption of water balance.

Even after the analysis has shown that total protein is increased, it is not worth drawing unambiguous conclusions about the state of health. Only a comprehensive examination will allow the doctor to diagnose accurate diagnosis and appoint complex therapy.

The level of total protein in the blood in men and women should be regularly checked in order to promptly detect and prevent negative phenomena in organism.

Protein compounds in the blood perform specific functions. They are involved in many processes in the body. The indicators should always be normal; an increased indicator indicates the presence of a number of diseases.

Total protein is the concentration of globulins and albumins. All protein compounds, as well as the protein itself, are made up of complex amino acids. They accept Active participation in different chemical processes occurring in the body.

Protein substances play important role in transportation nutrients and drug components. In addition, they act as a catalyst for the immune system.

Total protein is also necessary to maintain pH levels and is involved in blood clotting.

It is due to protein substances that the blood vessels are filled. Experts determine the state of hemostasis based on the level of total protein. This is due to the fact that the protein has similar viscosity and fluidity.

Taking blood for analysis to determine the level of total protein is one of the main diagnostic methods for many diseases.

Preparation and analysis procedure

Before taking a blood test to determine total protein levels, it is important for the patient to prepare properly. This will help to obtain sufficiently reliable data and establish an accurate diagnosis:

First of all, it is important to know that the test is taken on an empty stomach. Eating should be avoided 12 hours before blood collection.
On the eve of the study, drinking juices, coffee, tea and carbonated drinks is also unacceptable. On the day of blood collection, you are allowed to drink boiled water.
The day before the test, you need to exclude fatty, fried and salty food. Alcohol should not be consumed two days before the blood test is taken.
In the morning, on the day of delivery, it is not recommended to smoke.
Physical activity should also be avoided the day before the laboratory test. It is necessary to inform the doctor about taking medications.

Blood is drawn from a vein to determine the total protein level. The patient must follow all doctor's recommendations.First of all, the specialist will ask you to clench and unclench your fist in order to do this. So that the vein fills with blood. Then the laboratory assistant makes a puncture on the elbow with a special needle, and attaches a test tube to it. After this, blood is drawn.

After the procedure, you should bend your arm at the elbow for five minutes. Immediately after the procedure, it is not recommended to go outside immediately. Patients should sit near the office for 10-15 minutes.If you feel unwell during blood sampling, you need to inform a specialist.

Useful video about blood protein testing:

Norm by age and gender

The normal content of total protein depends on the age and gender of the patient.

Category	Women (g/l)	Men (g/l)
Newborns	42-62	41-62
0-1 year	45-80	46-70
1-4 years	60-74	54-75
5-7 years	54-80	51- 79
8-17 years	60-76	55-79
22-33 years old	75-80	82-84
34-60 years	78-83	75-80
61-75 years old	74-78	75-78
Over 75 years old	68-77	73-77

If the indicators change, the specialist will find out the reason for the increase or decrease in the level of total protein.

Reasons for the increase

This condition is observed only if there is certain diseases. Excess levels of total protein can be absolute or relative. In the first case, this is due to a change in the volume of circulating blood, and in the second - with thickening of the plasma.

TO absolute reasons excess total protein norms are:

Relative causes of increased protein levels contribute to a decrease in the concentration of water in the vessels, resulting in dehydration of the body. A similar condition is observed in the following pathologies:

Intestinal infections, which are accompanied by frequent and loose stools. Such diseases include cholera, dysentery and others. With these diseases, elevated protein levels in the blood are established.
Intestinal obstruction. Pathology occurs against the background of difficulty in the absorption of liquid from the digestive tract.
Poisoning with food or drugs that is accompanied by frequent vomiting and diarrhea. The result is dehydration.
Intense bleeding. Against the background of their occurrence, it is noted big loss liquid, which causes an increase in total protein.
Long-term use of corticosteroid drugs. They provoke an increase in the amount of vitamin A.

Determine the cause of high total body protein based on the results laboratory research blood is impossible. For this, the patient is prescribed a number of other studies. Also, when making a diagnosis, the doctor relies on the patient’s existing symptoms and medical history.

During pregnancy female body undergoes certain changes. They are expressed not only externally. On early stages only internal ones are observed, relating to changes in the level of certain substances in the body, including total protein.

But during pregnancy, this indicator decreases slightly as blood volume increases. In cases where the indicator is significantly exceeded and is more than the norm, the reason for such deviations should be found out.

The reasons for the increase in protein in the blood of a pregnant woman may be:

Infectious diseases of an acute nature.
Availability malignant tumors when protein begins to be synthesized large quantities than required.
Autoimmune diseases such as chronic hepatitis, reactive arthritis and others.
Lack of fluid in the body due to diarrhea, vomiting or intestinal obstruction.

Timely identification of causes similar condition will eliminate the development of complications and a number of fetal pathologies.

At increased rate total protein in the blood, you should visit a doctor who will prescribe additional tests and methods instrumental diagnostics to identify the cause and prescribe treatment.

It is important for patients to know that self-medication and use traditional methods medicine can cause complications.

To normalize the total protein level, patients are advised to follow special diet. You need to exclude chicken and beef meat, eggs from your diet and reduce the amount of vegetables. A large number of Protein is also found in dairy products. Their number should also be limited.

You should also exclude spinach, pork, broccoli, seaweed, Rye bread. Patients need to be introduced into the diet lean soups, buckwheat porridge, fruits.

Dishes need to be steamed or stewed.

Following a diet will not help get rid of the cause of increased protein in the blood, but it will eliminate unpleasant symptoms associated with these changes. These include vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration and others.

What is the danger of high protein?

If an increased level of total protein in the blood is detected, you should consult a specialist. Lack of therapy in the presence of such changes leads to the development of various complications.

Among them are:

That is why it is necessary to promptly treat diseases associated with increased level total protein.

More information about biochemical blood test indicators can be found in the video:

In order to exclude an increase in total protein levels in the blood and the development of a number of diseases or complications associated with such changes, it is recommended to follow a number of preventive measures:

Strengthen immunity. To do this you should take vitamin complexes in the autumn and spring, introduce fruits and vegetables into the diet.
Stop using junk food, for example, products instant cooking or fast food.
Drink sufficient quantity liquids.
After going outside, going to the toilet and before eating, wash your hands with antibacterial soap.
Get all vaccinations regularly and on time. They will reduce the likelihood of contracting infectious diseases.
Refuse bad habits such as drinking alcohol and smoking.
Visit daily fresh air. It is recommended to choose parks and alleys for walks.
Play sports, do morning exercises. Experts recommend active recreation.
Avoid contact with sick people, be present during high incidence influenza and ARVI in crowded places.

Such preventive measures will help reduce the risk of developing diseases that are accompanied by an increase in the level of total protein in the blood plasma.

An increase in total protein in blood plasma occurs against the background of a number of diseases and disorders. For physiological reasons, the indicator does not increase. That is why, when making such changes, you should go through comprehensive examination, which will help the specialist find out the cause of their occurrence.

Lack of therapy may cause the development serious consequences. It is also important for patients to remember that self-medication is dangerous to health. This is due to the fact that an increase in total protein can be triggered by the development of cardiovascular diseases.

A biochemical blood test is always carried out in order to obtain the maximum complete information about the state of the body as a whole and about the work of all internal systems and organs.

One of the key indicators in such a study is the level of total protein, as well as its fractions, which makes it possible to identify a lot possible violations and take action in time.

In this article you will learn everything about elevated protein in the blood, what it means, what are the causes and symptoms.

The meaning and functions of protein in the blood

Protein is the main building element for almost all body tissues. It creates a kind of strong frame to which various molecular structures and cells are attached. It is protein that can be called the main element in the construction of all organs, since without it the restoration of damaged tissues, their cells and the further functioning of organs will be impossible.

The body constantly undergoes a process of protein metabolism, but its rate consists of several criteria at once, in particular:

From the process of transformation of one type of proteins into others.
From the amount of proteins synthesized by the body from amino acids absorbed from food.
From the level of protein breakdown complex structure on simple types amino acids and molecules.

It should be remembered that in human body protein is present in all tissues, fluids and their cells, and the process of restoring lost, damaged or destroyed protein molecules occurs constantly, which ensures our normal existence.

Protein is transported through the bloodstream, so determining its level in the patient's blood is a key indicator of the process of protein metabolism.

Protein standards for adults and children

Values normal indicators have a fairly wide spread, which is associated with many reasons, mainly of a physiological nature.

Due to certain factors, indicators may deviate upward or, conversely, downward, which leads to a change in condition, but this is not always considered a pathology. Most often, changes in values are associated with a specific physiological state, for example, pregnancy, but the level of the indicator depends on the patient’s age, as well as his gender.

Age	Norm for women and girls in g/l	Norm for men and boys in g/l
Newborns	From 42 to 62	From 41 to 63
From 1 week to 12 months	From 44 to 79	From 47 to 70
From 1 year to 4 years	From 60 to 75	From 55 to 75
From 5 to 7 years	From 53 to 79	From 52 to 79
From 8 to 17 years	From 58 to 77	From 56 to 79
From 18 to 34 years old	From 75 to 79	From 82 to 85
From 35 to 59 years old	From 79 to 83	From 76 to 80
From 60 to 74 years old	From 74 to 77	From 76 to 78
75 years and older	From 69 to 77	From 73 to 78

Elevated protein in the blood is very dangerous for health, so next we will consider the possible causes and symptoms of its increase.

Causes of high protein in the blood

In this part of the article you will learn all the reasons why total protein in the blood is elevated. Increased total protein in the blood is called hyperproteinemia. This condition may have varying degrees and expressiveness. In particular, the absolute and relative levels of this violation are distinguished.

Absolute hyperproteinemia

Absolute hyperproteinemia occurs due to the patient having:

Chronic diseases inflammatory in nature. In this case, total protein can increase to 90 g/l, but does not exceed this limit. The increase occurs due to an increase in the amount of gamma globulins. These include diseases: active sarcoidosis, hepatitis autoimmune type, tuberculosis, leprosy, kala-azar, sepsis, schistosomiasis, syphilis, malaria.
Liver cirrhosis. At initial stages of this disease, the level of gamma globulins remains at high levels, and the decrease in albumin has not yet occurred, but an increase in total protein begins. Subsequently, when the development of the disease intensifies, the patient may experience the appearance of ascites (accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity) and edema.

Relative hypoproteinemia

Most often this condition occurs due to severe dehydration or significant fluid loss. In this case, an increase in hematocrit level is usually observed.

Most often, relative hypoproteinemia occurs when:

The appearance of thirst disturbances. This occurs, for example, with head injuries and damage to the brain, primarily the hypothalamus.
Poisoning or other digestive disorders accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea, and significant loss of fluid.
Severe and prolonged bleeding.
Excessive sweating, such as when you are overheated or high temperature bodies.
Kidney failure acute type when the disease is in the polyuric phase.
Diabetes insipidus.

Of course, in many types of diseases, increased total protein is not only in the blood, but also in urine or cerebrospinal fluid, which is important diagnostic value in many areas of medicine.

Symptoms of the disease and treatment methods

If the study results show increased total protein, it is very important to accurately determine the cause of this condition. As a rule, an increase in this indicator has no effect specific symptoms, but always indicates the presence of a pathological process in the body. Moreover, the higher the protein, the more serious and complex the disease, even if it has a latent form.

You should not postpone your visit to the doctor, since serious, very often, events can occur in the body during this period. irreversible changes, and the condition will be significantly complicated by the emergence of new serious illnesses.

Treatment of the condition should be aimed at eliminating the cause that caused the increase in indicators, and in no case should you do this yourself. Only a qualified doctor can accurately determine the disease (and perhaps more than one) after conducting a full examination.

In some cases increased quantity protein in the research results turns out to be false, which happens for several reasons. For example, if the technology for collecting material from a vein is violated.

It is also important to remember that physical activity (even minor) within an hour before the procedure increases the amount of protein by 10%. The protein will increase by the same amount if the patient gets out of bed, that is, moves from horizontal position bodies into a vertical position. It is very important to rest for at least half an hour before the procedure, since it is during this period that the indicator increases. Now you know all the symptoms indicating elevated protein in the blood.

Elevated C-reactive protein

CRP is the dominant protein that activates the immune system when any damage occurs in tissues, organs or systems. That is why DRR, like ESR indicator(erythrocyte sedimentation rate), when examining blood it has important for diagnosing diseases.

An elevated ESR is often observed during infections, especially bacterial infections. When harmful elements enter the human body, it occurs rapid rise of this protein several tens of times. For example, if normal value is 5 mg/l, then at virus attack this value can rise sharply to 100 mg/l or more.

But there are other reasons for the rapid increase in ESR, for example:

During pregnancy, this indicator is increased in cases where there is a threat of miscarriage. It also increases in the period after surgery, with obesity, taking hormonal contraceptives, serious physical activity, sleep disorders, depression, following a protein diet.

In this article, you learned about total protein in the blood and the reasons why protein in the blood is elevated and what to do if it is elevated. Now you know everything about why there may be elevated protein in the blood.

Measuring the content of total (without dividing into fractions) protein is a mandatory component of a biochemical blood test. Carrying out such a study is necessary for diseases of the liver, kidneys, exhaustion, oncological pathology, burn disease, autoimmune diseases, as well as infectious and inflammatory processes. Deviation of the total protein indicator from the norm due to pathological and physiological reasons perhaps both upward and downward; in this article we will look in particular at why protein is elevated.

What is total protein?

By the term “total blood protein (total protein),” doctors mean the totality of all protein substances contained in plasma. There are a lot of them, and they perform a wide variety of functions:

Participate in blood clotting.
Maintains plasma oncotic pressure, which is extremely important for urine formation and tissue fluid. A decrease in protein concentration leads to a decrease in this pressure and the development of edema.
Maintains blood pH at the proper level.
Transfer substances from one organ to another. As an example, transport of cholesterol, bilirubin, hormones.
Participate in immune processes (antibodies that protect the human body from infections are immunoglobulins, that is, proteins).
They create a “protein reserve”. If there is insufficient intake of protein substances from food, blood proteins break down into amino acids, which are necessary for the formation of cells of the heart muscle, brain and other extremely important organs.
Regulated by many physiological processes occurring in the body. Most enzymes, hormones and other biological active substances have a protein structure.

Protein synthesis mainly occurs in the liver and immune system. Therefore any pathological processes in these organs are reflected in protein metabolism. The total amount of protein in the blood depends on the balance of the processes of formation and breakdown of two main protein fractions - albumins and globulins.

Normal level of total protein in blood

The concentration of proteins in the blood, considered normal, is not the same for all ages. For example:

for newborns – this is 45 – 70 g/l;
for an infant up to one year - 50 - 75 g/l;
for a child over 3 years old – 60 – 81 g/l;
for an adult – 66 – 87 g/l;
for an elderly person – 62 – 82 g/l.

These are only approximate figures; each laboratory indicates its reference values in the analysis form (they can be expressed in other units of measurement, for example, in g/dL), and you must rely on them when evaluating the result.

Total protein is elevated: what does this mean?

The reasons for the increase in the amount of proteins in the blood may be purely physiological in nature:

Active physical labor promotes a temporary increase in the concentration of protein substances.
A sudden change in body position (for example, if a person was lying down and suddenly stood up) is also accompanied by an increase in total protein.

These physiological factors can increase total protein levels by up to 10%. Moreover, if medical worker there was a delay during blood sampling for analysis, and the patient had a tourniquet on the arm for a long time, the level of protein in the blood may also jump. However, most often, increased protein in the blood indicates that a pathological process is developing in the body:

Severe dehydration. It occurs with prolonged and profuse diarrhea (for example, with cholera), severe injuries and burns, repeated vomiting with intestinal obstruction and other conditions accompanied by fluid loss.
Infection. Both acute and chronic infectious diseases cause an active immune response of the body and, accordingly, the formation of antibodies.
Paraproteinemia is the appearance in the blood of abnormal proteins that are synthesized by the body during cancer (myeloma, malignant macroglobulinemia, etc.).
Autoimmune pathology. Rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, rheumatism and others systemic diseases accompanied by hyperproduction of autoantibodies and specific proteins (C-reactive protein, ASL-O, haptoglobin, sialic acids, seromucoid, fibrinogen, etc.).
Granulomatous disease (eg, sarcoidosis).
Gammopathy. Gammapathies are a group of diseases in which abnormal gamma globulins are formed.
Hyperglobulinemia (quite often develops with liver pathologies).

In addition, some medications (mainly hormonal) can also increase protein levels:

Androgens.
Corticosteroids.
Insulin.
Progesterone.
Thyroid hormone preparations, etc.

All of the above are only speculative reasons. high protein in blood. It is impossible to make a diagnosis based on one such analysis. To diagnose a disease, a doctor requires information from many sources: survey data and general examination, results of other studies, etc. Therefore, detection as a result of a biochemical blood test increased protein is only a reason to consult a doctor and undergo a more detailed examination.

Albumins and globulins, as well as other types of protein molecules that included in the concept of “total blood protein”, take an active part in all vital important processes occurring in the body. This indicator may indicate the presence of health problems if the results obtained deviate from the norm. Calculated indicator points to possible reason development of the disease, but if you identify which protein is more in the blood, you can find out all the details of the disease. Therefore, in a biochemical blood test, a study of the level of total protein is often prescribed. Under what conditions is protein in the blood elevated, and what consequences this has for health, we will consider further.

Hyperproteinonemia can be of two types:

Relative – an increase in the concentration of proteins in the blood relative to total mass blood. Develops most often.
Absolute – an increase in the synthesis of all protein fractions, which occurs due to a failure of hemostasis.

Newborns – 40-65 g/l.
Children of the first year of life – 45-72 g/l.
Children preschool age– 50-78 g/l.
Children and adolescents 8-15 years old – 58-78 g/l.
Adult patients 16-55 years old – 65-80 g/l.
Elderly people – 60-81.

Respectively high performance those that approach or exceed the upper limit are considered.

The extent to which the obtained values deviate from the norm may indicate the degree of progression of the disease. However. This analysis cannot accurately indicate which organ or system is experiencing increased loads. Without additional research cannot be avoided, and all statistical data that helps to suggest a particular disease can be used in the initial diagnosis.

In men and women, the concentration of total protein in the blood is the same, so gender is not important in the calculation. Differences in rates may be due to age. During pregnancy, a slight excess of protein in the blood is allowed, which occurs if there is hormonal changes in the body and does not carry any pathological connotations.

What analysis is it determined by?

In order to assess the level of total protein in the blood, it is necessary donate blood from a vein to biochemical analysis . The collection is carried out mainly in the morning on an empty stomach. The patient is advised to get a good night's sleep the night before and also avoid sweet, fatty and smoked foods.

Watch the video about this analysis

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Anna Poniaeva. Graduated from Nizhny Novgorod medical academy(2007-2014) and Residency in Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (2014-2016).

For a few days they also fall under the taboo alcoholic drinks and fast food.

Today, there are two methods for calculating protein in the blood:

Biuret– the principle of the technique is the natural reaction of protein with copper sulfate, located in an alkaline environment. As a result, tight compounds are formed that turn a deep purple color. The more saturated the resulting color of the compounds, the more protein in blood. The final result is shown by a photometer that evaluates color saturation.
Microbiuret– more exact method, which has similar principles. The only difference is the use of ultra-precise photometers that can detect even slight staining of compounds.