What are the symptoms of stomatitis and how to treat it. Types of illness in children

From this article you will learn:

what does stomatitis look like - its types, photos,
how to quickly cure stomatitis at home,
the best medicine for stomatitis.

The article was written by a dentist with more than 19 years of experience.

The term “stomatitis” includes a whole group of diseases of the oral mucosa, which have different causes, but manifest themselves basically in the same way - most often by the formation of erosions and ulcers on the mucosa (aphthae), less often - by necrosis or the development of only redness of the mucosa.

The most common forms of stomatitis in adults are chronic aphthous stomatitis, which in adulthood most often affects people from 20 to 30 years of age (then its frequency decreases with age), as well as chronic herpetic stomatitis. Less often in adults, so-called “prosthetic stomatitis” occurs, as well as Vincent’s ulcerative-necrotizing stomatitis.

Stomatitis: photos in adults

Stomatitis in adults: causes and treatment

Depending on the form of stomatitis in adults, the causes and treatment will vary greatly. For example, if the cause is a herpes infection, then drugs with antiviral activity are needed. Other reasons may be pathogenic bacteria, allergies, autoimmune processes, various systemic diseases - and in all these cases completely different drugs will be effective.

Our point is that if stomatitis occurs in adults, treatment at home can only be effective if you correctly determine the form of stomatitis. To help with this, below we have posted photos and descriptions of the symptoms of different types of stomatitis, under each of which you will find an effective list of medications.

1. Chronic herpetic stomatitis –

This form of stomatitis is caused (in 90% of cases by the HSV-1 type of virus, and in 10% of cases by the HSV-2 type). Primary infection with the herpes virus occurs in childhood, after which the virus remains in the body for life. Therefore, if herpetic stomatitis occurs in adults, these are almost always repeated cases of the disease, most often associated with weakened immunity.

Herpetic stomatitis: symptoms
The duration of the disease is approximately 10-14 days. The main symptoms are associated with the appearance of herpetic blisters on the oral mucosa, but even before the rash appears, patients may experience a slight burning or itching in areas of the mucous membrane where herpetic blisters will soon appear. By the way, it is very important to teach patients to recognize these first symptoms in order to begin treatment at this stage.

Acute symptoms of intoxication in adults (unlike children) almost never occur; the temperature rises rarely or slightly. In rare cases, there may be symptoms of malaise, weakness, headaches, but again minor. With herpetic stomatitis in adults, symptoms of lymphadenopathy can more often be observed - enlargement and tenderness of the submandibular lymph nodes + redness and swelling of the tonsils.

Picture in the mouth –
The mucous membrane first becomes bright red and swollen. Against the background of such redness, a rash of many small bubbles appears, the size of a millet grain. Bubbles are usually located in groups of several (Fig. 4). The most common places for their localization are the mucous membrane of the cheeks and the inside of the lips, on the tongue, as well as on the palate and palatine arches. In parallel with the rashes on the mucous membrane, rashes may appear on the lips and skin around the mouth.

The bubbles are initially filled with transparent contents, but over time their contents become cloudy. After about 2-3 days from the moment of their formation, the bubbles burst, forming numerous single erosions/ulcers of bright red color. Sometimes many small ulcerations located next to each other merge into one large ulceration. The surface of the ulcerations is very quickly covered with a fibrinous film of a gray or yellowish tint.

Herpetic stomatitis: photo

A very common localization of herpetic stomatitis is the tongue (Fig. 8, 10, 11). Rashes can appear not only on clearly visible surfaces - the back or tip of the tongue, but also on the sides and even the lower surface of the tongue. Very rarely, in adults, against the background of herpetic stomatitis, symptoms of acute gingivitis may also occur - redness and swelling of the gingival papillae.

Herpetic stomatitis on the tongue -

Herpetic stomatitis: causes in adults

As we said above, most often the cause of repeated cases of herpetic stomatitis is a decrease in immunity (we can talk about both a decrease in the general immunity of the body and local cellular immunity of the oral mucosa). Below we have listed the main trigger factors for herpetic stomatitis -

decreased immunity (especially against the background of hypothermia or ARVI),
seasonal vitamin deficiency, allergic reactions, stress,
taking medications that reduce immunity (corticosteroids),
against the background of chronic tonsillitis, sinusitis,
trauma to the mucous membrane and red border of the lips (biting the mucous membrane with teeth, or trauma to it with a prosthesis or the sharp edge of a filling).

The reasons for the decrease in cellular immunity of the oral mucosa are most often pathogenic bacteria and the toxins they secrete, as well as some predisposing factors -

How to treat herpetic stomatitis at home -

So how to treat oral stomatitis in adults if it is caused by the herpes simplex virus... The treatment strategy will depend on the severity of clinical manifestations and the frequency of relapses. As we said above, in the vast majority of cases in adults, the herpetic form of stomatitis occurs quite easily, and without pronounced symptoms of intoxication. With such a mild course of the disease, the emphasis should be on local treatment of the mucous membrane.

Local treatment of the mucous membrane –
This requires the use of antiseptic rinses that are active against the virus. The choice of such drugs is small - in fact, only the drug Miramistin can be prescribed here (see). Miramistin for stomatitis should be used as a mouth rinse 3 times a day for 1 minute (or sprayed onto herpetic rashes from a spray nozzle). This remedy directly affects the virus.

To relieve pain from painful ulcers and reduce inflammation in the area of ulcers, you can use the drug Cholisal in gel form (see). First, it is advisable to dry the mucous membrane at the site of application of the gel with a dry gauze swab, then squeeze the gel onto your finger and rub the gel into the areas of the mucous membrane affected by herpes with gentle massaging movements. Cholisal for stomatitis is used 2-3 times a day, usually no more than 6-8 days. After application, do not drink or eat anything for 30 minutes.

In principle, such local therapy is quite sufficient. If you still have symptoms of intoxication - fever (38.0 and above), muscle pain, malaise, then you can start taking Nurofen or similar drugs. But you shouldn’t abuse medications for fever, because... taking them reduces the body's production of its own interferons to fight bacteria and viruses.

In severe cases of herpetic stomatitis –

The basis of treatment for severe recurrent forms of herpetic stomatitis is antiviral drugs. They are especially effective if you start taking them within the first 12 hours of the onset of herpetic rashes. Such drugs show moderate effectiveness if they are taken from 12 to 72 hours from the moment the first symptoms appear. If more than 72 hours have passed and/or the herpetic blisters have already burst, the drugs will not have a significant effect on the course of the disease.

2. Chronic aphthous stomatitis –

In contrast to the herpetic form of stomatitis (in which many ulcerations form on the mucous membrane at the site of burst herpetic vesicles), with aphthous stomatitis most often only 1 ulcer with a diameter of up to 1.0 cm occurs, less often there can be two or three ulcers. Most often, ulcers form on the inside of the lips, cheeks, and less often on the soft palate, tonsils, and surface of the tongue.

If you look at the photo below, you will notice that the ulcers (synonymous with aphthae) are surrounded by a bright red rim of inflamed mucous membrane, and they themselves are covered with a grayish-yellowish necrotic coating. Most often, the ulcers are painful when touched, and the pain also increases while drinking and eating. The duration of a mild form of aphthous stomatitis is usually up to 10 days (less often up to 14 days), the speed of healing depends on the size of the ulcers.

Aphthous stomatitis - symptoms and treatment in adults will depend on the severity of the clinical manifestations. A mild form of aphthous stomatitis involves the formation of one or more ulcers up to 1 cm in diameter, slightly painful, which heal completely within 10-14 days without scarring of the mucous membrane. More severe forms may involve an ulcer diameter of up to 2-3 cm, severe pain, healing up to 6 weeks with the formation of scars on the mucosa.

General symptoms –
the general condition is usually rarely disturbed, but weakness and slight fever may be present. Usually, just before the formation of ulcers, patients may feel discomfort, itching or burning in the mucous membrane. Ulcers can be very painful, so patients' complaints of acute pain may come to the fore (the occurrence of pain can be stimulated by contact of ulcers with water, food, tongue movements, while brushing teeth).

The causes of this form of stomatitis are:

Aphthous stomatitis causes in adults can be divided into local and general. In most cases, it is local causes (acting directly in the oral cavity) that cause aphthous stomatitis -

allergies to various components of hygiene products (most often to sodium lauryl sulfate * ),
allergies to food and medicine,
mechanical trauma to the mucous membrane (biting with teeth, trauma from solid food or the sharp edge of a filling/prosthesis),
pathogenic bacteria of the oral cavity,
high concentration of nitrates in food and drinking water.

* Important : the role of sodium lauryl sulfate in toothpaste components on the development of aphthous stomatitis was first identified in a clinical study published in the medical journal “Oral Diseases” (Jurge S, Kuffer R, Scully C, Porter SR. 2006).

Common causes of development –
hormonal changes during menstruation in women, with a sudden cessation of smoking, with hematological diseases and lack of folic acid, vitamins B6 and B12, with gastrointestinal diseases - celiac disease, enteropathy and malabsorption, with diseases of the immune system, against the background of Behcet's syndrome and Reiter's syndrome, with systemic lupus erythematosus, reactive arthritis, Crohn's disease, and also against the background of HIV.

How to cure aphthous stomatitis -

As you saw above, aphthous stomatitis can be caused by many factors, and therefore it is very difficult to determine the specific cause of its occurrence in each patient. Regardless of the severity of the disease, immediately after discovering ulcers, it is necessary to exclude allergenic foods (honey, chocolate, strawberries, citrus fruits, nuts, eggs), as well as hot, spicy and rough foods from the diet. You also need to exclude acidic foods (tomatoes, pineapples), fruit juices, carbonated drinks and wine.

Aphthous stomatitis can also develop as an allergic reaction to medications, so if you are taking any medications, you need to take this into account and consult with your doctor about stopping the drug or replacing it with another drug. You also need to check whether your toothpaste contains sodium lauryl sulfate and switch to a toothpaste without this component. To identify other causes, an examination and consultation with a dentist will be required.

Treatment of mild forms of aphthous stomatitis -

If you decide to treat stomatitis at home, then from the very beginning it makes sense to start taking antiallergic (antihistamine) drugs, the choice of which is quite wide in the pharmacy, for a course of 10 days. While taking antihistamines, the use of local antiseptic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs is indicated...

1) Antiseptic rinses –
very often the cause of aphthous stomatitis can be certain types of pathogenic bacteria, so a course of antiseptic rinses is mandatory. It is best for adults to use for this purpose, and even better, “Perio-Aid” rinse containing two antiseptics (chlorhexidine 0.12% and cetylpyridine 0.05%). Rinse 2-3 times a day for 1 minute, course 10 days.

2) Pain relief and inflammation relief –
Ulcers with aphthous stomatitis can be very painful and are also located on the inflamed mucous membrane. The optimal medicine for stomatitis, which allows you to immediately reduce pain and relieve inflammation, is in the form of a gel. Before applying it, the ulcers need to be dried with a dry gauze pad, squeeze the gel onto your finger and apply to the surface of the ulcers with gentle massaging movements. The regimen is 2-3 times a day, for a total of 5-8 days (until the pain and inflammation subsides, and then it is better to switch to epithelializing agents).

As alternatives to Cholisal, you can use a balm with anesthesin, which is applied directly to the ulcers with a cotton swab, or products from the group of gastroprotectors based on bismuth subsalicylate. The latter can be used in the form of chewable tablets or suspension. On the surface of ulcers, bismuth subsalicylate creates an indelible protective film, which has both an analgesic effect and reduces inflammation deep in the ulcer.

Important: The best drug for the treatment of aphthous stomatitis is Amlexanox (trade name Aphthasol). It is available in the form of a paste for application to the surface of aphthae 4 times a day, and has anti-inflammatory, antiallergic and immunomodulatory effects. It is not sold in Russia, but it can be bought in Europe or the USA using an official prescription, even if it was written out in Russia.

3) Epithelizing agents –
after the pain and inflammation subsides, it is optimal to switch to agents that accelerate the epithelization of ulcerations. These products may be in the form of a gel. Solcoseryl for stomatitis is applied 2-3 times a day (on the surface of the ulcers dried with a dry gauze pad), until they are completely epithelialized. The drug has a moderate analgesic effect. Keep in mind that such drugs can only be used when the active phase of inflammation has ended.

4) Local application of laser –
If you are interested in how to cure stomatitis very quickly, then a laser or UV irradiation will help you with this. For example, you can instantly reduce pain and speed up the healing of ulcers several times by using a single treatment with a diode laser (with a wavelength of 940 nm), as well as using an Nd: YAG laser.

Clinical studies have shown that small aphthae healed much faster after laser treatment (about 3-4 days in total) - versus 7-14 days after standard local drug therapy. To a lesser extent, this can be achieved by ultraviolet irradiation (UVR) of ulcers in the oral cavity, which is carried out in a physiotherapy room under the direction of a dentist.

Aphthous stomatitis on the tongue: photos before and after laser treatment

Treatment of SEVERE aphthous stomatitis –

In approximately 10-15% of patients, the aphthous form of stomatitis is very severe, with the formation of extensive deep ulcers with a diameter of 1.0 to 2-3 cm, which respond little to traditional local treatment with antiseptic and anti-inflammatory drugs. Especially often, a severe course occurs against the background of systemic diseases - immune, hematological, gastrointestinal diseases, etc.

In such cases, there are second line of defense drugs that can cope with even severe outbreaks of aphthous stomatitis, but they will also have more pronounced side effects. For example, for local therapy in this case, single injections of glucocorticoids into the base of each ulcer, or rinsing the mouth with solutions that are prepared on the basis of glucocorticoid solutions in ampoules (most often triamcinolone acetonide) can be used.

But the main thing remains systemic pharmacological treatment with tablet drugs of the following groups. Firstly, these are tableted glucocorticoids such as prednisolone, and secondly, these are drugs from the group of immunomodulators (mainly with an immunosuppressive effect).

3. Vincent’s ulcerative necrotic stomatitis –

This is a disease of the oral mucosa, which most often occurs against the background of poor oral hygiene. As a result, a large amount of hard dental plaque and soft microbial plaque is determined in the oral cavity. An increase in the number of pathogenic bacteria such as fusobacteria and spirochetes leads to the development of necrosis of the mucous membrane. The development of this form of stomatitis is favored by reduced immunity, previous acute respiratory viral infections and smoking.

Ulcerative-necrotizing stomatitis in adults: photo

Symptoms of ulcerative necrotic stomatitis –

At the onset of the disease, general health worsens, weakness, headache appear, and the temperature rises to 37.5. Bleeding gums and dry mucous membranes appear in the oral cavity. At the height of the disease, the general condition worsens, the temperature rises to 40 degrees, and in the oral cavity there is a putrid odor, severe bleeding of the gums, and copious amounts of saliva.

At the slightest touch to the foci of inflammation, sharp pain occurs, and therefore eating and oral hygiene become simply impossible. Also during this period, ulceration and necrosis of the dental-gingival papillae begins. Necrotic papillae and mucous membrane are covered with a tightly attached light gray coating, consisting of a large amount of infection and necrotic tissue. The process can gradually invade neighboring areas of the mucous membrane.

How to cure Vincent's stomatitis -

Treatment of Vincent's stomatitis should only be carried out by a doctor, otherwise you can get massive necrosis of the gums and exposure of the roots of the teeth. The doctor, under anesthesia, will remove necrotic tissue, microbial plaque and hard dental deposits. After this, the mucous membrane is treated with antiseptics and anti-inflammatory gel. Without removing necrosis from the surface of the mucosa, treatment will be ineffective and will lead to chronicity of the process.

Doctor's orders –

Systemic pharmacological treatment –
the most important thing is that a combination of antibiotics is prescribed: Amoxiclav (tab.) + Metronidazole (tab.), or Klaforan injections + Metronidazole (tab.) – a course of 10 days. In parallel, strong antihistamines such as Suprastin must be prescribed for a course of 10 days. Thirdly, as needed, antipyretic/pain-relieving drugs (this could be Nurofen or similar drugs from the NSAID group).

Antiseptic rinses –
Chlorhexidine solution 0.05% 3 times a day for 1 minute (total 10-12 days), but best of all - a stronger antiseptic rinse "Perio-Aid" containing 0.12% chlorhexidine and 0.05% cetylpyridine. Chlorhexidine for stomatitis of bacterial origin is the best antiseptic option (for example, here it will be much more effective than Miramistin).

Anti-inflammatory gel applications –
treatment with Cholisal gel is carried out immediately after rinsing; before treatment, it is advisable to dry the mucous membrane with a gauze swab. The gel is applied to the marginal gum around the teeth, gingival papillae and all areas of the mucous membrane. Scheme – 3 times a day, 10-12 days (immediately after antiseptic rinse).

4. Prosthetic stomatitis –

If you use removable dentures and have periodic outbreaks of stomatitis, this may be related. With prosthetic stomatitis, usually only redness of the mucous membrane of the denture floor occurs (i.e. in the area of the prosthetic bed). The formation of ulcers and necrosis is usually not typical, but it is possible, and, as a rule, this happens more often in the toxic-allergic form of denture stomatitis, which develops when there is an excessive content of monomer in the plastic of the denture (Fig. 23).

Allergic prosthetic stomatitis –

Allergic denture stomatitis is a toxic-allergic reaction to an excess of one of the plastic components - the monomer. Moreover, an allergy to the monomer, as such, is extremely rare. Much more often, such a patient’s reaction to plastic appears due to the incompetence of the dental technician, who does not comply with the proportions of the ingredients from which the plastic is made.

If the technician poured more monomer than necessary, then you can be sure that you will get such a toxic-allergic reaction. Moreover, redness of the mucous membrane can occur not only under the denture, but also on any other part of the mucous membrane (for example, cheeks, lips, tongue) that come into contact with the plastic of the denture. However, in dental clinics, in order not to redo the prosthesis, they will certainly convince you that it is your body and your allergies that are to blame.

Allergy to dentures: what to do
as a rule (in 95% of cases), replacing a low-quality prosthesis with one made without excess monomer completely solves the problem. Of course, the clinic must remake the prosthesis at its own expense. If the clinic refuses, you can conduct an independent examination of the prosthesis for monomer content (the Consumer Rights Protection Society will tell you where this can be done).

Bacterial denture stomatitis –

Bacterial denture stomatitis occurs in cases of unsatisfactory hygienic care of dentures, when a lot of microbial plaque and tartar accumulate on the surface of the denture. Such dentures usually smell very unpleasant. Remember that dentures (like teeth) need to be cleaned after every meal, but in no case should this be done with regular toothpaste or powder.

If microbial plaque is not regularly removed from the prosthesis, a tightly attached bacterial film appears on it. You cannot scrape it off yourself, because... the use of abrasive agents will scratch the denture, which will cause bacteria and food debris to stick to it even more quickly. How to get rid of stomatitis in this case - you can clean the denture at home only with the help of special disinfectants (see the link below), or in an ultrasonic bath. You can also go to a dental clinic for this, where they will clean and polish it for you.

Drug treatment of the mucous membrane under the prosthesis –
after cleaning the prosthesis, you will need a course of antiseptic rinses with Chlorhexidine 0.05% (2-3 times a day) and treatment of the mucous membrane under the prosthesis with Cholisal-gel (2 times a day). Moreover, it will be better if you apply a thin layer of gel not to the mucous membrane, but to the entire inner surface of the prosthesis and put it on. The course of treatment is usually 10 days. But remember that the treatment will not be effective if you do not disinfect the prosthesis.

Treatment of stomatitis with folk remedies -

To cure stomatitis quickly, you need, firstly, to make the correct diagnosis (determine the form of stomatitis), and secondly, to use the right medications, an exhaustive list of which we have provided above. However, many patients try to use their usual remedy for stomatitis in the mouth, such as blue, vinylin or oxolinic ointment. How effective is this - read below.

Blue from stomatitis -
blue (methylene blue dye) was used for stomatitis 20 years ago, but is not used now. The dye has a weak antiseptic effect, so weak that its use is pointless for any form of stomatitis.

Ointment for stomatitis in the mouth -
Oxolinic ointment does have a weak antiviral effect, but it cannot help against herpetic stomatitis. Firstly, it is generally ineffective against the herpes virus, and secondly, ointment forms are generally ineffective on the oral mucosa, because fatty substances are not fixed on the moist mucous membrane and are quickly swallowed (therefore, you need to use preparations in the form of gels).

Vinyline for stomatitis -
it is an enveloping, epithelializing agent for erosive and ulcerative lesions of the skin and mucous membrane. As an ointment it is extremely ineffective. There is a form of Vinilin in the form of an aerosol - “Vinizol” (it is preferable). Vinizol can indeed be used in the treatment of aphthous stomatitis, starting from the 5-6th day of the disease, to accelerate the epithelization of the mucous membrane.

Sodium tetraborate for stomatitis -
has an exclusively antifungal effect. And here stomatitis is not entirely clear.

Iodinol for stomatitis -
has a weak antiseptic effect. Use for stomatitis is inappropriate. Has an irritating effect on the mucous membrane.

Antibiotics for stomatitis -
effective only for the treatment of Vincent's ulcerative necrotizing stomatitis. Use for herpetic and aphthous stomatitis is pointless.

Remember that with frequent relapses of stomatitis or severe clinical manifestations, you should consult a doctor, if necessary, take a complete blood test, examine the immune system, etc. Frequent outbreaks of stomatitis may indicate serious yet unidentified chronic diseases of the body. We hope that our article on the topic: Stomatitis treatment at home quickly was useful to you!

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Stomatitis is inflammation of the oral mucosa. May be accompanied by the formation of blisters, ulcers, and erosions. It also manifests itself as redness, swelling of the mucous membrane, pain, burning sensation when eating. The etiology of the disease is determined by examining smears from the affected mucosa. The problem is treated with painkillers, disinfectants and healing drugs. If there are no complications, maintain hygiene and sanitize the mouth. And these manipulations lead to recovery. What drugs treat stomatitis in adults? What types of diseases exist and how to cope with them?

Causes

Stomatitis acts as an independent disease and as a symptom of systemic disorders. The causes may be pemphigus, systemic scleroderma, streptoderma. More often it acts as an independent disease. Other reasons:

Mechanical injuries from chipped teeth, remains of hard food, incorrectly installed dentures. After getting rid of the traumatic factor, the disease goes away on its own.
Burn from food or drink that is too hot.
Hypersensitivity to food, medications, components of oral products.
Infectious stomatitis is often caused by concomitant diseases: bronchial asthma and diabetes mellitus.

Smoking.
Malocclusion.
Failure to comply with oral hygiene rules.
Stress.
Hypothermia.

What types of stomatitis are there, what are their causes and treatment?

Herpetic stomatitis

This is a form of viral disease caused by the herpes virus. Once contracted, herpes remains in the body forever. Relapses of the disease are caused by the following factors:

Decreased immunity, especially after acute respiratory viral infection or hypothermia.
Exacerbation of chronic inflammatory diseases: tonsillitis, sinusitis.
Vitamin deficiency, allergies, constant stress.
Taking corticosteroid drugs that reduce immunity.
Trauma to the mucous membrane and red border of the lips.

Also, the cause of the problem may be a decrease in local immunity of the oral mucosa, which leads to a decrease in resistance to pathogenic microorganisms.

Soft plaque and tartar accumulate on the teeth.
Infection in untreated carious teeth
Chronic tonsil infection.
Mouth breathing (dry lips and mucous membranes) facilitates the penetration of bacteria and viruses.

The disease lasts about two weeks. At first it manifests itself as malaise, headaches, weakness, and fever. In adults, such symptoms are rarely pronounced. The submandibular lymph nodes become enlarged and painful.

The oral mucosa becomes bright red and swollen. Small blistering rashes form on the redness. The elements can be located in groups of several on the lips, cheeks, tongue, palate, and palatal arches.

The elements fill transparent contents, which gradually become cloudy. After three days they will begin to burst and form many single bright red erosions. Many small manifestations can also merge into one large erosion. They can quickly become covered with a whitish or yellowish coating.

Redness of the marginal part of the gums around the teeth and gingival papillae is observed. Such manifestations resemble the symptoms of acute gingivitis. Rashes form on the red border of the lips and skin.

Treatment

The main treatment for the recurrent form of the disease is antiviral drugs. But they should be used for the first 2-4 days after the onset of stomatitis, until the herpetic blisters burst. After that, these remedies will be ineffective.

Pills

There are drugs that are taken in a one-day course. The dosage is high. The effectiveness of such therapy is not inferior to the effectiveness of weekly treatment using low dosages.

Famciclovir (Famvir, Minaker). Take the medicine once a day. It is taken 1500 mg once or divided into two doses of 750 mg with an interval of 12 hours. This is an antiviral agent active against herpes, cytomegalovirus and some other viruses. In the body, it turns into triphosphate and stops the virus from multiplying. Effective in the initial manifestation and exacerbation of chronic infection. Contraindications: lactose intolerance, pregnancy, lactation. Side effects: drowsiness, confusion, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, allergies.
Valaciclovir (Valtrex, Valavir). Apply 2000 mg twice a day with an interval of 12 hours. It is less effective than the previous drug, but it is more effective than Acyclovir. Contraindications: hypersensitivity to components, HIV infection, children under 12 years of age.

Local agents

These include some antiviral gels and antiseptic rinses. Solutions that do not have activity against the herpes virus will be ineffective. For example, Chlorhexidine, herbal infusions.

Miramistin. Rinse your mouth about 4 times a day for a minute. Afterwards, an application is made with Viferon-gel.
Viferon-gel. Contains interferons, which have antiviral and immunostimulating effects. The mucous membrane is dried with a gauze swab, then the gel is applied to the affected areas. Apply up to four times a day for a weekly course.

Immunostimulants

Such drugs are not used to treat the herpetic form without the drugs described above. They boost immunity and prevent new outbreaks.

Amiksin (0.125 g). In the first two days of the disease, take a tablet once a day. The rest of the time, take a tablet every other day. The course should be 20 tablets.
Imudon is used to increase local immunity of the oral cavity. Available in the form of lozenges. Use 6 tablets per day for 20 days.
It will also be useful to take a three-month course of vitamin complexes.

If you have a temperature above 38 degrees, take antipyretic drugs. If you drink such drugs at a lower temperature, they will reduce the production of interferons and will prevent the formation of full immunity.

Herpetic stomatitis is a contagious disease. During the period of treatment, you must stop kissing, drink drinks from the same bottle and cup, and eat from the same spoon.

Aphthousstomatitis

More often, such stomatitis appears in the anterior parts of the oral cavity - on the mucous membrane of the lips and cheeks. There she is injured by hard food or, more often, by teeth. The disease rarely leads to disruption of the general condition, but weakness and low fever may occur.

Round or oval aphthae (erosions) up to 10 mm in size appear in the mouth. They are surrounded by a bright red rim, and they themselves are covered with a whitish-gray coating. When touching the aphthae, a person feels a sharp pain, which makes eating difficult. Symptoms may take about 10 days to appear.

Reasons for appearance:

Microbial allergies, as well as allergies to food and medications.
Immunity impairment.
Chronic gastrointestinal diseases.
Staphylococcus. This pathogenic microorganism is found in dental plaque, deposits, carious defects, and on the tonsils (in the presence of chronic inflammation).

Treatment

Immediately after erosion occurs, allergy-causing foods (honey, chocolate, strawberries, citrus fruits, nuts) are excluded from the diet. Hot, spicy, rough foods are prohibited. The aphthous form of the disease also develops as an allergic reaction to drugs. If you are taking any medications, you must inform your doctor. It is possible to replace this drug with a safer analogue.

Antiallergic drugs will help: Suprastin, Tavegil, Claritin, Diazolin and other analogues. Drink for 10 days.

The doctor will also prescribe antiseptic rinses and treatment with anti-inflammatory gels with an analgesic effect. Aphthae are treated with Miramistin and Cholisal-gel. The drug has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. These products are used 4 times a day. Cholisal gel is applied after Miramistin. The mucous membrane should be dried with a gauze pad before applying the gel.

Stomatofit-A is a thick balm with medicinal herbs and anesthetic Anestezin. Has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Apply with a cotton swab to the erosion. The composition includes chamomile, sage, calamus, oak bark, arnica, thyme, mint. Provides a comprehensive effect on various symptoms. It has antiseptic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and astringent effects.

After the acute symptoms and pain are relieved, epithelializing drugs are taken: Solcoseryl-gel. This remedy promotes rapid healing. Local immunity is increased by Imudon.

It is necessary to cure all caries, remove dental plaque and regularly perform oral hygiene.

Catarrhalstomatitis

A distinctive feature is the absence of ulcers, rashes and other defects. This is the most common form. Symptoms may be sluggish, and the patient’s visit to the doctor, as well as diagnosis and treatment will be late. Then an infection can join the process. Catarrhal stomatitis in adults is dangerous due to the development of complications, ulcerative necrotic stomatitis. For this reason, timely diagnosis and treatment are necessary.

The main reasons: trauma to the mucous membrane, poor oral hygiene, decreased immunity. This is a very favorable environment for the proliferation of harmful bacteria. The disease often occurs during the eruption of baby teeth in children, as well as against the background of acute infections causing measles, scarlet fever, influenza, etc. Additional factors: disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, circulatory and endocrine systems, vitamin deficiency, smoking.

Main symptoms: hyperemic and swollen oral mucosa. There is a feeling as if the cheeks are swelling from the inside. White plaque covers infected wounds and microcracks. The gums bleed, the mucous membrane is painful, and it is difficult for the patient to speak and eat.

Treatment

Therapy is aimed at getting rid of inflammation. The mouth is rinsed with Chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, and herbal decoctions.

To increase the effectiveness of treatment, the factors that provoked catarrhal stomatitis are eliminated. Tartar and deposits are removed, carious cavities are filled. All manipulations are carried out very carefully, otherwise the inflamed mucous membrane can be damaged.

The patient is prescribed vitamin complexes and a gentle diet. You will have to give up rough, spicy, hot and spicy food. Usually these actions are enough for recovery. If improvement does not occur, look for a cause related to damage to other organs or decreased immunity.

Vincent's stomatitis

Vincent's ulcerative-necrotizing stomatitis causes a symbiosis of fusbacteria and spirochetes. They multiply against the background of poor oral hygiene, suppressed immunity, smoking, and after ARVI. Usually a complication of catarrhal form.

At the beginning, your health worsens, weakness, headache, and fever occur. The gums bleed, the mucous membrane becomes dry. At the height of the disease, weakness intensifies, the temperature can rise to very high levels. Saliva is produced abundantly, the gums bleed heavily, and a putrid odor appears from the mouth. Palpation of foci of inflammation causes sharp pain, which makes it impossible to eat and perform oral hygiene. Necrotic gingival papillae and mucous membranes are covered with a light gray coating.

Treatment

Therapy is carried out only by a doctor, otherwise massive necrosis of the gums and exposure of tooth roots is possible. Under anesthesia, necrotic tissue, microbial plaque and deposits will be removed. The lesions are then treated with an anti-inflammatory gel. The course of treatment is 12 days.

Preparations:

A combination of antibiotics is prescribed for a course of 10 days: Lincomycin in injections with Metronidazole tablets, Claforan in injections with Metronidazole tablets and others.
You need to rinse your mouth with Chlorhexidine 4 times a day for a minute.
The lesions are treated with gel after rinsing and drying with gauze. Cholisal or Metrogil-denta is applied to the gums and mucous membranes three times a day.
It is mandatory to take antiallergic drugs: Suprastin, Tavegil, Pipolfen or others.
Medicines with analgesic and antipyretic effects are taken as needed.
You need to take vitamins for three months.

Important: ointments for stomatitis are usually not used. Ointments and creams are not suitable for the oral mucosa. Nothing will be absorbed from the ointment; it will be effective only on the surface layer of the mucosal epithelium. The ointment is difficult to fix on the mucous membrane, it is quickly swallowed. For this reason, gels are usually used for treatment.

Antibiotics help only with the ulcerative-necrotic form. In case of herpetic and aphthous forms, their use is inappropriate.

Prostheticstomatitis

It is divided into allergic and bacterial forms. The mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed turns red. Allergic denture stomatitis is possible due to an allergy to dentures. Usually occurs due to the unprofessionalism of the dental technician and failure to comply with the proportions of the components from which the plastic for the prosthesis is made. If there is more monomer in the prosthesis than expected, an allergy will occur. The problem is solved by replacing the low-quality design. If the clinic refuses to do this at its own expense, you can try to conduct an examination for monomer content and again make claims to the clinic.

Bacterial denture stomatitis occurs due to poor care of dentures. Many pathogenic microorganisms will accumulate on its surface. Such a structure will smell very bad. Dentures should be cleaned after every meal.

The mouth is rinsed with Chlorhexidine for 10 days and the lesions are treated with Cholisal-gel. It is preferable to apply the gel to the entire inside of the structure.

Treatment with folk remedies

The following recipes, along with medications, will help get rid of stomatitis:

Aloe or Kalanchoe relieve inflammation. During the day, you rinse your mouth with the juice of these plants or simply chew the washed leaves.
Garlic has a bactericidal effect. It is crushed and mixed with sour cream. The mixture should be kept in your mouth for half an hour.
Raw potatoes are grated or cut into thin slices. It is applied to the affected areas.
Carrot juice is diluted with water in half. Rinse your mouth three times a day. The juice of white cabbage is used in the same way.
A tablespoon of anise fruit is poured into a glass of boiling water, left for half an hour, and filtered. Rinse your mouth three times a day for catarrhal stomatitis.
Separately, take a spoonful of bergenia, verbena, chamomile, calendula, oak bark, pour a glass of boiling water, and boil in a water bath for a quarter of an hour. They insist for an hour. Infusions will remove inflammation, disinfect the oral cavity, and relieve pain.
Dilute the propolis tincture halfway with water. Propolis will have an anti-inflammatory effect. If you alternate rinsing with propolis and hydrogen peroxide, the disease will go away faster.
Half a glass of burdock root is poured with 100 g of hot sunflower oil. Leave for 24 hours, bring to a boil, and cook over low heat for 15 minutes. Treat lesions.

Rinsing with warm infusions, juices, and decoctions is carried out several times a day and continues even when acute signs of the disease are eliminated.

Timely diagnosis and proper treatment provide a favorable prognosis. But with mild symptoms, patients avoid the help of a dentist and go to the doctor only when complications and severe inflammation develop. The main methods for preventing stomatitis are maintaining oral hygiene, timely treatment of dental diseases, quitting smoking and a balanced diet.

Every fifth person living in Russia knows firsthand what a disease called stomatitis is. Stomatitis includes a number of ailments of the superficial layers of the mucous tissues of the mouth, having a diverse origin, morphology and manifestation. Perhaps many have encountered jams in the corners of the mouth - this phenomenon also refers to the manifestations of stomatitis, which is the most harmless form of the disease.

Stomatitis. What is this?

It can be considered as a separate ailment, or as a complicated form or manifestation of another disease, for example, influenza, measles, etc. Children are most susceptible to the disease. Diseases of the oral mucosa are very common ailments. However, in each individual case, an accurate diagnosis is very difficult.

This depends on the fact that different diseases associated not only with the mouth area, but also with the body as a whole, may have similar manifestations.

For your information! Diseases affecting the mucous surfaces of the oral cavity are united under a single name - stomatitis. If the mucous membranes of the entire oral area are affected, but only an isolated part of it - the lips, palatal area or tongue area, then we are talking about cheilitis, palatinitis and glossitis, respectively.

Causes of stomatitis formation

The mechanism of formation of the disease has not yet been fully determined, because of this, anything can act as a trigger for damage. A wide variety of factors can cause the formation of stomatitis.

Factors affecting the surface of mucous membranes (local action).
Diseases of the body are ailments related to the gastrointestinal tract, heart disease, general decline in defenses, allergies, vitamin deficiencies, anemia, hormonal imbalances, malignant tumors, nervous disorders, metabolic disorders, heredity and much more.

Factors relevant to local exposure are:

injuries;
basic disregard for hygiene procedures;
chemical, thermal, radiation exposure, forming reddened areas;
erosion;
ulcers;
imbalance of bacterial flora of the oral cavity;
poor quality prosthetics;
consequences of taking certain medications;
consequences of drinking alcohol;
allergies to certain foods;
consequences of using dental care products containing sodium lauryl sulfate.

Separately, it is worth considering stomatitis that occurs due to problems associated with teeth. This form of stomatitis can occur due to:

non-compliance with oral hygiene;
numerous dental deposits;
tooth decay;
Dysbacteriosis of the oral cavity;

In addition, the formation of stomatitis is possible if dental rules are not followed in treatment. Lesions may occur due to:

microtraumas;
the use of inappropriate metals during medical procedures and prosthetics;
use of chemical agents.

Signs of stomatitis

According to characteristics, stomatitis is divided into:

catarrhal form;
ulcerative;
aphthous;
candidiasis;
herpetic.

Features of catarrhal stomatitis

Cases of catarrhal stomatitis are more common than usual. The surface of the mucous membranes becomes swollen, painful, hyperemic, and may become covered with a whitish or yellow coating. Hypersalivation is possible, which is expressed in increased salivation, bleeding from the gums and an unpleasant odor from the oral cavity.

Features of ulcerative stomatitis

This type of stomatitis refers to a more severe form of the disease than, for example, the catarrhal variety. However, it can act as its advanced form, or it can develop independently.

With ulcerative stomatitis, the affected areas of tissue can go deep into the mucous tissues, while with catarrhal disease, only the upper layers of the mucous tissues are affected. The first signs of these two types of stomatitis are similar, but later ulcerative stomatitis is affected by fever, loss of strength, malaise, pain in the head, changes in size and pain in the lymph nodes. Eating is accompanied by discomfort and pain. Identification of similar symptoms requires contacting a doctor.

Features of aphthous stomatitis

When single or multiple aphthous ulcers appear on the surface of the mucous tissues. In addition, ulcers can be large in size and lie at different depths. These ulcers, otherwise called aphthae, resemble an oval or circle in shape, have clearly defined boundaries, looking like a narrow reddish border and a gray-yellowish coating in the center.

The onset of the disease is characterized by general weakness, fever, and the appearance of pain in the mouth in the areas of aft formation. Such formations are usually quite difficult to treat, and they heal leaving marks. The course of treatment for aphthous stomatitis must be prescribed by a doctor and it must be carried out under his supervision.

With a decrease in immunity, infectious stomatitis may appear, resulting from the activity of numerous microbial strains that live in the mouth and are in an inactivated state until the immunity is weakened. If a person has once suffered from any form of stomatitis, the likelihood that the disease will recur is quite high, although the frequency of these repetitions may vary. If the disease returns 3-4 times during the year, this is the typical frequency of occurrence of the disease. Some people suffer from a chronic form of stomatitis - old ulcers do not have time to disappear before new ones form.

For your information! Typically, the average person experiences stomatitis for the first time between the ages of 10 and 20 years. In the future, with age, the disease occurs less frequently and is less painful. About 20% of the country's population suffers from this disease.

For your information! Stomatitis is not contagious and there is no evidence to refute this fact.

Features of candidal stomatitis

This type of stomatitis is a fungal disease and is usually diagnosed in children and the elderly. This type of stomatitis is caused by a fungus of the genus Candida, and the development of the disease usually occurs when the body’s defenses decline, in the presence of other chronic ailments, or as a result of prolonged use of a strong antiseptic drug.

Symptoms of fungal stomatitis are manifested:

burning in the oropharyngeal area;
whitish coating in the tongue area and on top of mucous tissues;
bleeding of mucous tissues;
bad taste in the mouth or loss of taste.

Candidal stomatitis - features

Attention! This type of disease is contagious. There are both household and sexual transmission methods.

Features of herpetic stomatitis

Herpes stomatitis is diagnosed in both adults and children. The disease is caused by a herpes virus and can have both acute and chronic forms. A mild form of the disease can be expressed in several blistering swellings, reminiscent of ulcers of the aphthous form of stomatitis.

A severe type of herpetic stomatitis is expressed in:

profuse rashes on the mucous tissues of the oral cavity;
swelling and inflammatory processes in mucous tissues;
hypersalivation (increased salivation);
general deteriorating health;
signs of toxicosis;
elevated temperature;
changes in the size of lymph nodes;
pain syndrome during eating.

Herpetic stomatitis is characterized by painful rashes not only on the oral mucosa

For your information! The peculiarity of herpes stomatitis, like any other herpetic ailment, is that the pathogen does not disappear from the body.

Prevention of stomatitis

Trauma to the tissues of the oral cavity leads to the formation of stomatitis, so it is necessary to avoid damage to the mucous tissues. To prevent stomatitis:

get rid of chipped teeth, chafing or broken fillings, teeth with cutting edges, and solve other dental problems in the dentist’s office;
adjust dentures that have rough edges;
Cover protruding areas of braces with special wax-based products;
maintain hygiene, twice a day, but being careful and avoiding sudden movements. This rule is especially important for teenagers and women bearing children.

How can a doctor help?

The effectiveness of treatment of stomatitis depends on the correct identification of the cause of its occurrence, which can only be done by the attending physician. The dentist must:

thoroughly diagnose the oropharyngeal cavity and all dental surfaces;
diagnose teeth that require fillings or treatment of affected surfaces;
adjust dentures.

Important! Treatment of aphthous stomatitis is carried out under medical guidance.

In some cases, stomatitis cannot be treated even after taking all necessary measures and following the instructions of the attending physician. Then it is necessary to identify other causes of the disease, which may lie in general diseases of the body and which, in turn, can only be identified by a doctor.

It is important to visit the dentist regularly and take measures to prevent the disease if you are prone to it. If an illness occurs, you must follow all the dentist’s recommendations.

It is not recommended to eat spicy, salty or sour foods during treatment of the disease. Food must be prepared neutral, which will not cause additional irritation of the mucous tissues of the oral cavity. Additionally, it should contain a variety of vitamins that can speed up the treatment process.

Important! If signs of stomatitis are found in a child, immediately consult your doctor.

Table. Treatment regimen for some types of stomatitis.

Type of stomatitis	Basic treatment methods
	Treatment is carried out using antiviral ointments, for example oxolinic ointment, Zovirax, acyclovir, etc., as well as agents that promote healing of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity (sea buckthorn oil, rosehip oil, etc.).
	Rinsing the mouth with soda solution is recommended. It is also recommended to use pimafucin, antifungal ointments (nystatin ointment, clotrimazole, etc.) and the drug Imudon, which increases immune activity. Treatment of children must be carried out under the guidance of a doctor.
	Typically, this form of the disease is treated with corticosteroids, rinsing the mouth with Dexamethasone, and treating the affected areas with Clobetasol (ointment).
	This form of stomatitis is treated with antibacterial agents: Orasept, Hexoral, sage and other antiseptic medications.

Video - How to treat stomatitis

Stomatitis is an infectious inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the oral cavity. Typically, the disease manifests itself in children, since their immunity is not yet developed and cannot resist pathogenic microbes. However, in recent years it has been recorded among the population of all ages. According to experts, this is due to an unfavorable environment, which leads to a decrease in the functions of the immune system.

Treatment tactics for stomatitis in adults depend on the type of pathogen, severity of symptoms and associated pathologies. Therefore, if you notice the first signs of the disease, you should consult a doctor.

Why stomatitis appears: causes and prerequisites

The main culprits of stomatitis are bacteria, fungi and viruses. It is because of their activity that an infectious-inflammatory process arises, which affects the fragile mucous membrane of the tongue, palate, throat, gums or cheeks.

The human oral cavity has its own microflora. A huge number of staphylococci, spirochetes, streptococci, fungi and other microbes are present in it constantly and from birth. They protect the body from their counterparts from the outside, protecting a person from numerous diseases.

The quantitative and qualitative constancy of the microflora is controlled by saliva, which restrains its reproduction, but does not completely destroy it, since the vacant place will immediately be taken by another pathogenic one.

An imbalance in the microflora of the oral cavity leads to inflammation of the mucous membrane - stomatitis.. Moreover, the causative agent of the disease can be both one’s own microbes and those that have penetrated from the outside.

An imbalance in the microflora leading to stomatitis occurs under the influence of the following factors:

decreased immunity due to a lack of vitamins, stress, chronic or acute internal disease or a common cold;
the entry of bacteria or fungi into the mucous membrane from the external environment, for example, when consuming unwashed foods;
accumulation of microflora in poorly accessible areas: in carious cavities, under crowns;
inadequate and irregular teeth brushing;
uncontrolled use of medications that reduce the quality and quantity of saliva;
inhibition of positive microflora with antibiotics;
hormonal changes that often occur in women and adolescents;
prolonged vomiting, diarrhea, or bleeding, causing dehydration and decreased saliva production.

Internal pathologies and stomatitis

The cause of stomatitis is often a disruption in the functioning of some organ or system. Most often, the manifestation is facilitated by:

oncological diseases;
gastritis, colitis;
anemia or anemia;
bronchial asthma;
diabetes;
hormonal imbalances;
HIV infections.

Forms and types of disease

Based on the nature of its manifestation, stomatitis can be of three main types:

Depending on the pathogen causing inflammation, stomatitis is divided into 5 main types:

Bacterial. The culprits of the disease are staphylococci or streptococci.
Traumatic. Occurs due to burns or mechanical damage to the soft tissues of the oral cavity.
Fungal. Appears with reduced immunity or after a course of antibiotics. Against their background, the body cannot prevent the increased growth of fungi of the genus Candida, which is why inflammation develops.
Viral. This form of stomatitis occurs due to the activation of the herpes simplex virus or Epstein-Barr virus.
Allergic. Reaction to various allergens. For example, the material of the denture, the composition of the paste or rinse aid.

Symptoms and development of stomatitis

Typically, infectious inflammation covers the mucous membranes that cover the tonsils, tonsils, throat, upper part of the tongue, the inside of the cheeks or lips, and gums.

The symptoms of stomatitis are the same in both adults and children. But in the latter, the disease is more acute, with signs of general intoxication and high fever. Whereas in the former, most often only the mucous membrane suffers.

Inflammation begins with slight redness of the lesion. The area around it then becomes swollen, tender and swollen. Literally the next day, ulcers, aphthae or blisters may appear.

In addition to rashes, bad breath and bleeding gums may occur. Sometimes body temperature rises. The maximum level is 39 °C. Lymph nodes almost always enlarge, and the tongue becomes coated.

Viral stomatitis

The cause of this type of stomatitis is the pathogenic effect of the herpes simplex virus, chickenpox or influenza. Most often the causative agent of the disease is herpes virus. According to statistics, in 90% of cases, infection occurs in early childhood. As soon as pathogenic particles enter the skin, they penetrate the replication apparatus of nerve cells and remain there in a latent state throughout their lives.

What does herpetic stomatitis look like?

When a person's immunity is weakened, the agents are activated and affect either the lips and/or facial skin or the oral mucosa. In the second case, the favorite places for the virus to localize are the cheeks, the upper part of the tongue and the palate.

With herpetic stomatitis, the oral mucosa turns red and swells. Over time, bubbles appear on it, filled with a clear liquid and located in groups.

Within a few days, the exudate becomes cloudy, the formations burst, and red erosions appear in their place. The latter quickly dry out and become covered with a whitish or yellowish coating.

The main difference between this form of the disease is the appearance of rounded yellow or white aphthae with a bright red rim (see the photo for how they look). The size of the formations can reach 10 mm. The surface is covered with fibrinous plaque.

Most often, the disease is chronic (permanent). If it cannot be cured within two weeks, the pathology will transform into another form and ulcerative stomatitis will begin, or, even worse, necrotizing stomatitis. This happens for good reason. Most often, this phenomenon indicates serious health problems.: immunodeficiency states, radiation, leukemia, poisoning with heavy metal salts.

The mucous membrane becomes covered with a gray or yellow coating. Bubbles should appear on the affected areas, from which bloody contents or pus are released. The rashes have a smooth, round shape, red color, elastic walls and clear boundaries. The gums swell and hurt. There is a putrid odor from the mouth.

The clinic lasts no longer than one week. Then the symptoms disappear, but you should not hope that bacterial stomatitis in an adult will go away without treatment. Against the background of weakened immunity, the pathology becomes chronic.

This form of stomatitis manifests itself most clearly. The mucous membrane is covered with a characteristic coating, which is white in color and has a cheesy texture. The skin underneath is covered with ulcers. If you try to clean the affected area, it may start to bleed.

Candidal stomatitis is localized on the tongue, palate, gums and cheeks. At the initial stage, plaque covers the mucous membrane locally. At the later stage, a continuous film is formed.

A common cause of catarrhal stomatitis in the mouth is poor hygiene. A mild form of the disease caused by this factor can be treated at home. Use antiseptics, rinse with herbal decoctions - and within a week the manifestation will disappear.

However, in severe cases of the disease and serious forms: aphthous, ulcerative, herpetic, you should consult a therapist. Since there is a high risk of complications.

Treatment of stomatitis in adults consists of eliminating the cause and symptomatic manifestations. Usually it consists of a whole range of measures to reduce discomfort and prevent the progression and transition of the disease into a chronic recurrent form.

Painkillers

If the pain of the ulcers prevents the patient from leading a full life and eating, the doctor will recommend the use of local anesthetic drugs. These include:

Anestezin - tablets for powder preparation. Relieves pain in the affected area.
Hexoral tabs are antiseptic lozenges based on benzocaine and chlorhexidine. In addition to the analgesic effect, they have an antimicrobial effect.
Lidocaine Asept is a product with a local anesthetic. Often included in therapy for aphthous stomatitis and erosive lesions.
Lidochlor is a combined drug in gel form. Has antimicrobial and analgesic effects.
Kalanchoe juice, decoction of calendula, sage, chamomile.

All medications have a number of side effects and contraindications, so they should be used only after consultation with a doctor.

Anti-inflammatory drugs

Regardless of the cause of stomatitis in an adult, therapy must include rinses, ointments, sprays, absorbable lozenges and tablets with antimicrobial action:

Cholisal is a dental gel with an anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect.
Kamistad is an antiseptic and anesthetic gel, which contains chamomile and lidocaine.
Eucarom, Ingafitol - herbal preparations for rinsing and inhalation, containing eucalyptus leaves.
Stomatidin is an antiseptic with weak analgesic effects and pronounced antimicrobial properties.

Drugs aimed at eliminating the pathogen

Agents that accelerate mucosal healing

Solcoseryl is a dental paste that stimulates tissue regeneration and improves trophism.
Katorolin is a solution with antioxidant properties.
Sea buckthorn or rosehip oil. They have a healing effect.
Vinilin (Shostakovsky balm). Promotes wound cleansing, epithelization and regeneration. It also reduces inflammation and prevents the proliferation of bacteria.

Treatment of allergic stomatitis

This disease is not considered as a separate disease, since it can only begin against the background of a general allergic reaction and is only one of its manifestations. Treatment for adults comes down to eliminating the allergen and eliminating signs of stomatitis. Antihistamines are used for this. For example, Suprastin, Tavegil.

Treatment of herpetic stomatitis

For viral stomatitis, complex therapy begins, which includes:

Anesthetics – Lidocaine Asept, Lidochlor.
Anti-inflammatory – Cholisal, Solcoseryl, rosehip oil.
Antihistamines - Tavegil, Suprastin.
Antiviral - Oxolin, Zovirax, Acyclovir.
Immunomodulators – Cycloferon, Immunal.

Treatment of aphthous stomatitis

It can be difficult to cure aphthous stomatitis in adults, since the disease is prone to relapse. Therapy may include the following:

Treatment of rashes with a solution of chamomile and boric acid. To prepare it, 2 tbsp. l. decoction of chamomile is combined with 4 g of acid. The resulting mixture is used for rinsing the mouth or for applying applications. Instead of these components, you can take others. For example, furatsilin tablets or diluted hydrogen peroxide (1 to 1). Sea buckthorn or peach oil is also suitable for local treatment.
Detoxification can be treated with sodium thiosulfate, administered intravenously once a day.
To increase the protection of affected tissues from microbes, use Lysozyme, Pyrogenal or Prodigiosan.
To improve immunity, take vitamin C1, B6, riboflavin, folic and nicotinic acid.
The treatment program may include taking sedatives and antihistamines.
For persistent stomatitis, Decaris is prescribed, which helps prevent relapses.
Rough, sweet, and spicy foods are excluded from the diet. Alcohol and cigarettes are also limited.

Therapeutic irradiation of aphthae with UV rays gives good results. A referral to a treatment room can be prescribed by a therapist.

If inflammation occurs on an ongoing basis, it is necessary to conduct an immunological examination. Since the causes of frequent aphthous stomatitis in adults are associated with various pathologies of the nervous and endocrine systems, as well as lesions of the digestive system, treatment of the concomitant disease will be required.

Treatment of fungal stomatitis

In adults, this type of stomatitis appears against the background of reduced immunity or after a course of antibiotics. Therefore, the following method is used for treatment:

Local or oral antifungal drugs are used - Pimafucin, Fluconazole, Clotrimazole.
The entire affected surface is treated with antifungal agents - Miconazole, Nystatin ointment.
If the patient has dentures, then mouth rinses with Lugol's solution or Iodinol are prescribed.
The diet is adjusted: easily digestible carbohydrates are excluded.
And treatment aimed at increasing immunity is mandatory.

Since fungal stomatitis in the mouth in adults often appears against the background of internal diseases, you should consult a gastroenterologist and endocrinologist. They will prescribe an appropriate examination, identify the cause of the disease and formulate the necessary and competent treatment method.

Prevention of stomatitis

After recovery, you need to replace your toothbrush., this will help avoid secondary infection on the mucous membrane. If there are carious lesions in the oral cavity, they need to be healed to prevent relapse.

Periodontal pockets are also a kind of depot for pathogenic microflora. If they are present, stomatitis will have to be treated frequently, since therapy will only lead to a temporary result.

Hygiene and proper lifestyle play a huge role in preventing outbreaks of any form of stomatitis. To maintain oral health you need:

Wash your hands before eating and after walking.
Include foods rich in vitamins in your diet.
Limit your consumption of sugary foods.
Keep the house clean.
To live an active lifestyle.
Avoid alcohol and nicotine.
Maintain hygiene.
Visit the dentist at least once a year.

And at the slightest suspicion that stomatitis or any other disease is occurring in the oral cavity, you should immediately consult a doctor. Timely treatment will help avoid many serious problems.

In our country, stomatitis is one of the most common diseases. According to statistics, every fifth resident receives such a diagnosis. Moreover, the disease manifests itself in a wide variety of forms - catarrhal, aphthous, ulcerative and others. In fact, many more people face this disease, because even the jams in the corners of the mouth observed in many are also its manifestation.

It is best if you are prepared for this threat and know what signs indicate stomatitis, what can trigger the development of this disease and how to treat stomatitis in the mouth in adults.

Stomatitis is a word of ancient Greek origin that can be translated as “mouth.” Judging by this alone, it is easy to understand that this disease affects oral mucosa. However, it is necessary to be able to distinguish stomatitis from glossitis (damage to the tongue), cheilitis (damage to the lips) and palatinitis (damage to the palate).

Experts do not classify stomatitis as a contagious disease, but still the vast majority of people on our planet have probably had to deal with a certain type of it in one form or another. And what I would especially like to note is that a person who has had stomatitis at least once is more susceptible to relapses, the treatment of which becomes more difficult.

Causes of oral stomatitis in adults

Despite the fact that scientists have long known about a disease such as stomatitis, until now they have not been able to establish the factors that cause its development so that they can create an effective program for preventing the disease. Therefore, it is almost impossible to predict what may cause this disease.

Add to the list of potential threats you can enable the following:

In addition to the above reasons, stomatitis in adults can occur due to the influence of local factors:

poor oral hygiene;
caries;
dysbacteriosis of the oral cavity;
poorly manufactured or installed dentures;
the result of medication treatment;
alcohol and nicotine abuse;
allergies to certain foods.

Also, a person may be at risk from using toothpaste. containing sodium lauryl sulfate. The basis for this is the results of numerous studies that have been able to confirm that this substance can increase the risk of developing stomatitis and its exacerbations.

At the initial stage, this disease begins to manifest itself in the form of slight redness of the oral cavity. Gradually the swelling is replaced by a burning sensation. If a person neglects these manifestations of stomatitis, then instead of redness in the oral cavity, small oval or round sores grayish or white, covered with a red halo and film. Although the tissue around them will not show signs of damage.

Mouth ulcers will be painful, making every meal a torment for a person. Sometimes sores can be found on the inside of the cheeks and lips, as well as under the tongue. But most often, a mild form of stomatitis can be detected by just one ulcer that appears in a place characteristic of this disease.

If there are many ulcers and they are large in size and depth and can subsequently merge into one, then this is a clear sign of the onset of the development of a more severe form of stomatitis. Over time, not only ulcers begin to cause discomfort to the person. New signs are making themselves known:

deterioration of health;
loss of appetite and constipation;
headache;
inflammation of the lymph nodes;
temperature increase.

Poses a major health hazard acute form of stomatitis, during which severe pain is felt in the mouth, making it difficult for a person to eat and speak. Therefore, it is so important to start treatment on time. There is also increased salivation, a coating on the tongue, redness of the mouth, irritability, and signs of vomiting after eating.

Forms of the disease

Specialists know quite a few forms of manifestation of stomatitis in the oral cavity, but we will dwell in more detail only on the most common ones.

Catarrhal stomatitis

The disease in this form is most often diagnosed in patients. It manifests itself in the form of swelling and pain in the oral mucosa, which over time becomes hyperemic. In some cases, a yellow or white coating appears on the surface. An additional sign of catarrhal stomatitis is heavy salivation. Over time, the gums begin to bleed and an unpleasant odor emanates from the mouth. The development of this form of stomatitis is usually associated with exposure to local factors:

tartar;
oral candidiasis;
caries;
poor hygiene.

Other reasons for the development of catarrhal stomatitis may be diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and worms, which can be treated even at home.

Ulcerative stomatitis

This form of the disease is dangerous because it occurs with more serious complications, in contrast to catarrhal stomatitis. It can occur as a result of exposure to external factors or be the result of untreated catarrhal stomatitis. The most susceptible to this disease are people diagnosed with gastric ulcers, chronic enteritis, diseases of the cardiovascular system and blood, as well as those who have recently suffered infectious diseases or poisoning.

Ulcerative form characterized by the following features:

Enlarged lymph nodes causing pain;
Headache;
Weakness;
The temperature rises to 37.5 °C;
The affected area covers the entire thickness of the mucosa;
During every meal a person feels acute pain.

Aphthous stomatitis

Experts name several reasons that can cause this disease:

rheumatism;
heredity.
allergies in various forms;
viral infections;
gastrointestinal disorders.

With this form of stomatitis, aphthae appear on the oral mucosa - ulcers measuring 3-5 mm gray-white with a narrow red rim. Over time, new ones may be added to the above symptoms - deterioration in health, increased temperature and painful sensations at the location of the ulcers. The disease initially manifests itself in an acute form, but then can develop into a chronic form, causing discomfort to the patient with frequent exacerbations. In such cases, a diagnosis of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis is made, and treatment is selected taking into account the new symptoms.

Candidal stomatitis

It is a fungal disease that is most often found in young children and the elderly. The causative agent of candidal stomatitis is a fungus, the activity of which is activated when the immune system is weakened, caused by long-term use of strong antibacterial drugs or by the occurrence of another chronic disease.

The candida form manifests itself in the form of a burning sensation in the oral cavity and larynx, the appearance of a white coating on the tongue and oral cavity, hyperemia and bleeding of the mucous membrane, as well as the appearance of an unpleasant taste in the mouth or loss of taste. This form of stomatitis is contagious - you can get it as a result of both using contaminated things and sexual contact.

Herpetic or herpes stomatitis

Both adults and children are equally susceptible to this form. The causative agent is herpes simplex virus, which can cause acute or chronic forms.

In a mild form, a person has several small blisters similar to aphthae. If a severe form of herpetic stomatitis develops, the patient develops many rashes on the oral mucosa, which over time begins to swell and become inflamed, salivation increases, health worsens, signs of poisoning appear, the temperature rises, and the lymph nodes enlarge.

If left untreated for a long time, discomfort comes from burning and pain when eating. This form of stomatitis is different in that after entering the body, the herpes virus remains there forever.

How to treat stomatitis?

Regardless of what form of stomatitis was detected in the patient, priority measures for treating the disease should include professional hygienic cleaning to remove tartar and soft plaque from the oral cavity. This cleaning can be done at any dental clinic. You should not ignore caries, which also needs treatment.

After completing the preparatory stage, they begin the main activities, which involve rinsing with antiseptic compounds. To do this, use a solution and decoction of chamomile or calendula at room temperature, which is used to rinse the mouth several times during the day.

Regular use of this product allows remove the symptoms of catarrhal stomatitis in in 5-10 days. If the disease progresses and the development of an ulcerative or aphthous form begins, in addition to local treatment, general therapy is carried out. To do this, the patient is prescribed antiseptic procedures performed in a hospital setting.

If signs indicating herpetic stomatitis are found, additional treatment with antiviral drugs is necessary. To combat the candidiasis form of the disease, treatment is carried out with antifungal agents. If it is assumed that the illness was caused by another disease, for example, the stomach or intestines, then it is this that needs to be given attention.

For a speedy recovery it is necessary stick to the right diet, which in itself is an effective measure for preventing the disease. It is necessary to exclude spicy, hot, cold, sour and rough foods from the menu. Sometimes, as a result of long-term use of medications, a green coating may appear on the tongue.

Stomatitis in the mouth in adults and its treatment at home

In some cases, treating stomatitis at home can be quite effective. For this purpose, various herbal decoctions and infusions are used, which have an immunostimulating, anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effect. Sometimes even the attending physician can advise the patient rinse your mouth with calendula, which is a powerful home remedy. Its healing effect is due to antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties that can speed up healing.

Chamomile infusions and decoctions act in a similar way, the properties of which are well known not only to fans of traditional medicine, but also to many doctors.

To quickly remove the unpleasant symptoms of stomatitis, it is necessary to combine folk remedies for rinsing with medications for oral administration. Has proven itself in the treatment of stomatitis rosehip decoction, containing many vitamins and substances necessary for the body. With regular use of this remedy, immunity is increased, inflammatory processes are weakened, and the activity of harmful bacteria is suppressed.

Conclusion

Stomatitis cannot be classified as a disease that can cause life-threatening complications. However, it is also undesirable to remain inactive. If treatment measures are not taken for a long time, rather unpleasant symptoms may occur, which may seriously complicate a person's life. Moreover, even subsequent treatment in a clinic is not a guarantee that the disease will not return after recovery. Therefore, it is necessary to very carefully monitor the condition of the oral cavity and, if questionable formations appear, immediately go for an examination to a specialist who, upon confirmation of the diagnosis, will quickly select an effective treatment.