Healing properties of rose hips. Wild rose in folk medicine

Rose hips are used for the prevention and treatment of hypovitaminosis C and P; as part of complex therapy at asthenic conditions, during the recovery period after infectious and colds, surgical operations.

Rose hips are used in the treatment allergic diseases skin, atopic dermatitis with often accompanying dysbacteriosis.

Rose hips are included in many herbs and dietary supplements.

Many gardeners grow rose hips as an ornamental and medicinal plant. Rosehip loves well-lit, elevated areas of land with drained soil, winters well and tolerates drought. At favorable conditions the plant begins to bear fruit in 2-3 years.

Many wild rose hips are used for grafting cultivated roses and as hedges. Rose hips reproduce by seeds and vegetatively: cuttings, stem and root cuttings, root suckers and layering.

The fruits, petals and leaves of rose hips are used in cosmetology. The beneficial substances contained in the petals and fruits of the plant improve the condition of the skin.

Rose hips are used to prepare nourishing and tonic masks, which are used for acne, as well as for the care of oily and combination skin. Refreshing, tonic lotions and rose water are obtained from the petals, which is widely used for dry and sensitive skin.

Purees, pastes, jams, jams, marmalade, marshmallows, compotes, candies, jelly, kvass, and syrups are prepared from rose hips.

The genus rosehip (synonym rose) belongs to the Rosaceae family (lat. Rosaceae). There are about 300 species of plants of this genus, including everyone's favorite garden rose. There are more than 60 types of rose hips. They are used for medicinal purposes. the following types rosehip:

- May rose hips (cinnamon rose hips) - R. majalis Herrm. (R. cinnamomea L.),

– needle hips – R. acicularis Lindl,

— Daurian rosehip – R. davurica Pall.,

- Begger's rosehip - R. beggeriana Schrenk,

— Fedchenko rosehip – R. fedtschenkoana Regel,

— dog rose – R. canina L.,

— rose hips – R. corymbifera Borkh.,

— small-flowered rosehip – R. micrantha Smith,

- Kokand rosehip - kokanica (Regel) Regel ex Juz.,

— sand-loving rosehip – R. psammophila Chrshan.,

— felt rose hips – R. tomentosa Smith,

— Zangezur rosehip – R. zangezura P. Jarosch.,

— wrinkled rosehip – R. rugosa Thunb.

Rosehip is a shrub that can reach a height of up to 2 meters. Rosehip cinnamon (May) has drooping stems covered with odd-pinnate leaves, which have stipules at the base on both sides. Most often, the leaf consists of 5 or 7 ovate-elliptic leaflets, with serrated leaflets along the edge, with two stipules. The stems and leaves have hard spines. The flowers are light pink-red. From the fleshy receptacle a false fruit of various shapes develops: from spherical, ovoid or oval to highly elongated fusiform; fruit length is 0.7-3 cm, diameter - 0.6-1.7 cm. At the top of the fruit there is a small round hole or pentagonal area. The fruits consist of an overgrown, fleshy, juicy receptacle (hypanthium) when ripe, and numerous fruitlets, nuts, enclosed in its cavity. The inside of the fruit is abundantly lined with long, very stiff bristly hairs. The nuts are small, oblong, with weakly defined edges. Rose hips ripen in August-September. The formula of the rose hip flower is CH5L5T∞P∞.

Dahurian rose hips has black-purple branches; at rosehip needle branches densely planted with thin, straight, uniform bristles, often with 2 thin spines at the base of the leaf. Rosehip wrinkled has red flowers and is very large fruits. Dog rose It has pale pink flowers, the fruits are bright red, the sepals are bent down and fall off after the fruits ripen.

Rosehip cinnamon distributed throughout the European part of Russia, in Western and Eastern Siberia, reaches Lake Baikal. Grows in Belarus and Ukraine. Dahurian rose hips distributed in the southern regions of Eastern Siberia and the Far East. Rosehip needle grows in the forest zone, entering the tundra, has a wide range - from Pacific Ocean to Karelia. The southern border of the range runs through Northern Kazakhstan, along the Volga to the west to the Gulf of Finland. Rosehip wrinkled extended to Far East. Dog rose distributed in Russia, grows in Ukraine and the Caucasus.

Rose hips usually grow in floodplains, meadows, sparse forests, forest edges, clearings, clearings, among bushes, and ravines.

Rose hips (Rosae fructus) are used as medicinal raw materials. The fruits are harvested during the period of their full ripening (in August-September, sometimes in October), when they acquire a bright red, orange, brownish-red, brownish-black color, depending on the type, and remain hard. Fruit harvesting must be completed before frost. During drying, fruits touched by frost lose most of their vitamins. The collected fruits are dried in the sun, in attics, but best in dryers at a temperature of 80-90ºС.

Rose hips contain ascorbic acid (2.5 - 5.5%), vitamins B 2, K, P, riboflavin, carotenoids: provitamin A, lycopene, cryptoxanthin, etc., flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, isoquercetin, tiliroside), anthocyanins , fatty oil, sugars (up to 18%), pectin (14%), organic acids (up to 1.8%): malic and citric, tannins (4-5%). Rosehip seeds contain fatty oil rich in carotene and vitamin E.

An infusion of rose hips helps to increase nonspecific resistance body, enhancing tissue regeneration and synthesis of hormones, reducing vascular permeability, takes part in carbohydrate and mineral metabolism, has some choleretic effect.

Biological activity The fruit of the plant is determined by ascorbic acid. She has well-defined restorative properties, is a participant in catalytic processes occurring in the tissues of the body, in the form of components of complex enzyme systems - coenzymes, and participates in the process of interaction between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Installed protective effect ascorbic acid with C-vitaminosis.

Ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid, formed during its oxidation, stimulate the body's resistance to harmful effects external environment, infections and others unfavorable factors, alleviate the course of the disease.

Ascorbic acid also has an antisclerotic effect. It reduces the concentration of cholesterol in the blood and slows down the process of deposition cholesterol plaques in the walls blood vessels.

Rose hips and preparations made from them have an antiscorbutic effect, are able to stimulate the function of the adrenal glands for the synthesis of hormones, and have anti-inflammatory and diuretic properties.

Ascorbic acid deficiency occurs in people experiencing prolonged physical and mental stress. The human body is not capable of synthesizing ascorbic acid, therefore it must receive it from the outside in preventive and medicinal purposes, especially in cases where the disease occurs due to its deficiency.

Daily requirement for an adult it is 50 mg, and for large physical activity it increases to 75-100 mg. The need for ascorbic acid increases to 75 mg in pregnant women, and in nursing mothers - up to 100 mg. For children 7 years old, the need is 30-35 mg, over 7 years old - 50 mg.

Ascorbic acid plays important role in the nutrition of human eye tissues (especially a lot of ascorbic acid is found in the lens of the eye, its content decreases with the development of cataracts), therefore rosehip preparations have found use in the treatment of eye diseases caused by vascular disorders.

During treatment bronchial asthma, healing effect is based on a decrease in the content of fibrinogen and globulins in the blood serum, the amount of which increases in response to the entry of foreign proteins into the body.

IN folk medicine tea from rose hips is used, which is used to improve health, especially for coughs and colds(pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, bronchiectasis). Rosehip syrup or puree is used for decreased appetite. Fresh fruits used as anthelmintic. Rosehip seeds are used against stones in urinary tract, as a mild diuretic for rheumatism and gout.

Rosehip seed oil is used to lubricate cracked nipples, trophic ulcers, burns, bedsores, radiation injuries skin. For dermatitis it is used internally and externally.

Ascorbic acid is used for hemorrhagic diathesis, hemophilia, various kinds bleeding (nasal, pulmonary, uterine), with radiation sickness accompanied by hemorrhages, poisoning with anticoagulants, infectious diseases, liver diseases, intoxication with industrial poisons and in many other cases.

Rose hips are also used as cholagogue for cholecystitis, hepatitis and gastrointestinal diseases, especially associated with decreased bile secretion.

The ancient Romans considered the plant a symbol of morality, the Greeks planted rose gardens around the temple of the goddess of love and beauty Aphrodite, and pink petals decorated the path of the newlyweds.

Medicinal properties plants were well known and appreciated Ancient Greece. In the 4th century BC, Theophrastus in his “Natural History” gave so much detailed description plants, that it passed from book to book for many centuries. Ludwig Graeber's herbalist has a recipe from 1563 for using rosehip powder to strengthen gums. Rose oil of the plant served good remedy for wound healing, at a time when reliable sterilization and antiseptic techniques were not yet known.

The ancient Slavs also valued medicinal properties rose hips and used to heal wounds. True, highlight rose oil They didn’t know how, but were treated with rose water. The beneficial properties of rose hips are mentioned in ancient Russian medical books. In Russia, rose hips were used to treat and prevent bleeding gums. In the XVI- XVII centuries Russian tsars equipped special expeditions to the Orenburg steppes to harvest the fruits of the plant. During the Russian-Turkish War, in the first military hospital in Moscow, the wounded were given “molasses to maintain strength and treatment.” Remembering this tradition, doctors of military hospitals during the Great Patriotic War used for wound healing water decoction rose hips.

Rose hips were used to treat the most various diseases: from colds to rabies, but in the 19th century scientific medicine I was disappointed in the medicinal plant and treated it coldly. Rosehip returned to its former glory with the discovery of vitamins in it.

1. Medicinal plants of the state pharmacopoeia. Pharmacognosy. (Ed. I.A. Samylina, V.A. Severtsev). – M., “AMNI”, 1999.

2. Mashkovsky M.D. " Medicines" In 2 volumes - M., Novaya Volna Publishing House, 2000.

3. “Herbal medicine with the basics” clinical pharmacology"edited by V.G. Kukesa. – M.: Medicine, 1999.

4. P.S. Chikov. “Medicinal plants” M.: Medicine, 2002.

5. Sokolov S.Ya., Zamotaev I.P. Handbook of medicinal plants (herbal medicine). – M.: VITA, 1993.

6. Mannfried Palov. "Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants". Ed. Ph.D. biol. Sciences I.A. Gubanova. Moscow, "Mir", 1998.

7. Turova A.D. "Medicinal plants of the USSR and their use." Moscow. "Medicine". 1974.

8. Lesiovskaya E.E., Pastushenkov L.V. "Pharmacotherapy with the basics of herbal medicine." Tutorial. – M.: GEOTAR-MED, 2003.

9. Medicinal plants: Reference Guide. / N.I. Grinkevich, I.A. Balandina, V.A. Ermakova and others; Ed. N.I. Grinkevich – M.: graduate School, 1991. – 398 p.

10. Nosov A.M. "Medicinal plants". –M. : EKSMO-Press, 2000.- 350 p.

11. Plants for us. Reference manual / Ed. G.P. Yakovleva, K.F. Blinova. – Publishing house “Educational Book”, 1996. – 654 p.

12. Medicinal plant raw materials. Pharmacognosy: Textbook. allowance / Ed. G.P. Yakovlev and K.F. Blinova. – St. Petersburg: SpetsLit, 2004. – 765 p.

13. Plant resources of the USSR: Flowering plants, their chemical composition, use; Family Asteraceae (Compositae) / executive editor P.D. Sokolov; Russian Academician Science Botanich. in - t im. V.L. Komarova - St. Petersburg: Nauka, 1993. - P. 145-148.

14. Formazyuk V.I. "Encyclopedia of food medicinal plants: Cultural and wild plants V practical medicine" (Ed. N.P. Maksyutina) - K.: Publishing House A.S.K., 2003. - 792 p.

15. T.A. Vinogradova, corresponding member. International Academy of Ecology and Life Safety Sciences, Ph.D. medical sciences; V.M. Vinogradov, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Prof., V.K. Martynov, Honored Teacher of the Russian Federation. “Practical herbal medicine” (edited by Prof. B.N. Gazhev). M.: Publishing house "EXMO-Press"; St. Petersburg: “Valeria SPD”, 2001.

Syn.: wild rose, svoborina, wild rose, chiporas, rosehip, shipshina, dog rose, rooster berries.

A thorny shrub with pink fragrant flowers and medicinal fruits. IN medicinal purposes used for vitamin deficiency.

Ask the experts a question

Flower formula

Rosehip flower formula: CH5L5T∞P∞.

In medicine

Rose hips are used for the prevention and treatment of hypovitaminosis C and P; as part of complex therapy for asthenic conditions, during the recovery period after infectious and colds, surgical operations.

Rose hips are used in the treatment of allergic skin diseases, atopic dermatitis with often accompanying dysbacteriosis.

Rose hips are included in many herbs and dietary supplements.

In gardening

Many gardeners grow rose hips as an ornamental and medicinal plant. Rosehip loves well-lit, elevated areas of land with drained soil, winters well and tolerates drought. Under favorable conditions, the plant begins to bear fruit in 2-3 years.

Many wild rose hips are used for grafting cultivated roses and as hedges. Rose hips propagate by seeds and vegetatively: cuttings, stem and root cuttings, root suckers and layering.

In cosmetology

The fruits, petals and leaves of rose hips are used in cosmetology. The beneficial substances contained in the petals and fruits of the plant improve the condition of the skin.

Rose hips are used to prepare nourishing and toning masks, which are used for acne, as well as for the care of oily and combination skin. Refreshing, tonic lotions and rose water are obtained from the petals, which are widely used for dry and sensitive skin.

In cooking

Purees, pastes, jams, jams, marmalade, marshmallows, compotes, candies, jelly, kvass, and syrups are prepared from rose hips.

Classification

The genus rosehip (synonym rose) belongs to the Rosaceae family (lat. Rosaceae). There are about 300 species of plants of this genus, including everyone's favorite garden rose. There are more than 60 types of rose hips. The following types of rose hips are used for medicinal purposes:

May rose hips (cinnamon rose hips) – R. majalis Herrm. (R. cinnamomea L.),

Spiny rose hips – R. acicularis Lindl,

Daurian rosehip – R. davurica Pall.,

Begger's rosehip - R. beggeriana Schrenk,

Rosehip Fedchenko – R. fedtschenkoana Regel,

Dog rose – R. canina L.,

Rose hip – R. corymbifera Borkh.,

Small-flowered rosehip – R. micrantha Smith,

Kokand rose hip – kokanica (Regel) Regel ex Juz.,

Sand-loving rosehip – R. psammophila Chrshan.,

Felted rose hips – R. tomentosa Smith,

Rosehip zangezura – R. zangezura P. Jarosch.,

Wrinkled rosehip – R. rugosa Thunb.

Botanical description

Types of rose hips

Dahurian rose hips has black-purple branches; at rosehip needle branches densely planted with thin, straight, uniform bristles, often with 2 thin spines at the base of the leaf. Rosehip wrinkled has red flowers and very large fruits. Dog rose It has pale pink flowers, the fruits are bright red, the sepals are bent down and fall off after the fruits ripen.

Spreading

Rosehip cinnamon distributed throughout the European part of Russia, in Western and Eastern Siberia, reaching Lake Baikal. Grows in Belarus and Ukraine. Dahurian rose hips distributed in the southern regions of Eastern Siberia and the Far East. Rosehip needle It grows in the forest zone, extending into the tundra, and has a wide range - from the Pacific Ocean to Karelia. The southern border of the range runs through Northern Kazakhstan, along the Volga to the west to the Gulf of Finland. Rosehip wrinkled distributed in the Far East. Dog rose distributed in Russia, grows in Ukraine and the Caucasus.

Rose hips usually grow in floodplains, meadows, sparse forests, forest edges, clearings, clearings, among bushes, and ravines.

Regions of distribution on the map of Russia.

Procurement of raw materials

Chemical composition

Pharmacological properties

An infusion of rose hips helps to increase the nonspecific resistance of the body, enhance tissue regeneration and hormone synthesis, reduce vascular permeability, takes part in carbohydrate and mineral metabolism, and has some choleretic effect.

The biological activity of the plant's fruits is determined by ascorbic acid. It has well-expressed restorative properties, is a participant in catalytic processes occurring in the tissues of the body, in the form of components of complex enzyme systems - coenzymes, and participates in the process of interaction between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The protective effect of ascorbic acid against C-vitaminosis has been established.

Ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid, formed during its oxidation, stimulate the body's resistance to harmful environmental influences, infections and other adverse factors, and alleviate the course of the disease.

Ascorbic acid also has an antisclerotic effect. It reduces the concentration of cholesterol in the blood and slows down the process of deposition of cholesterol plaques in the walls of blood vessels.

Ascorbic acid deficiency is observed in people experiencing prolonged physical and neuropsychic stress. The human body is not capable of synthesizing ascorbic acid, therefore it must receive it from the outside for preventive and therapeutic purposes, especially in cases where the disease occurs due to its deficiency.

The daily requirement for an adult is 50 mg, and with heavy physical activity it increases to 75-100 mg. The need for ascorbic acid increases to 75 mg in pregnant women, and in nursing mothers - up to 100 mg. For children 7 years old, the need is 30-35 mg, over 7 years old - 50 mg.

Ascorbic acid plays an important role in the nutrition of human eye tissue (especially a lot of ascorbic acid is found in the lens of the eye, its content decreases with the development of cataracts), therefore rose hip preparations have found use in the treatment of eye diseases caused by vascular disorders.

In the treatment of bronchial asthma, the therapeutic effect is based on a decrease in the content of fibrinogen and globulins in the blood serum, the amount of which increases in response to the entry of foreign proteins into the body.

Use in folk medicine

In folk medicine, rose hip tea is used, which is used to improve health, especially for coughs and colds (pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, bronchiectasis). Rosehip syrup or puree is used for decreased appetite. Fresh fruits are used as an anthelmintic. Rosehip seeds are used against stones in the urinary tract, as a mild diuretic for rheumatism and gout.

Rosehip seed oil is used to lubricate cracked nipples, trophic ulcers, burns, bedsores, and radiation damage to the skin. For dermatitis it is used internally and externally.

Ascorbic acid is used for hemorrhagic diathesis, hemophilia, various types of bleeding (nasal, pulmonary, uterine), radiation sickness accompanied by hemorrhages, poisoning with anticoagulants, infectious diseases, liver diseases, intoxication with industrial poisons and in many other cases.

Rosehip is also used as a choleretic agent for cholecystitis, hepatitis and gastrointestinal diseases, especially those associated with decreased bile secretion.

Historical reference

Back in the 11th century, rose hips were known as “Rose of Cain,” which translated from Greek means “Dog rose hips.” Perhaps the name is due to the fact that the root of the shrub helped in the treatment of rabies from dog bites. According to another version, this is a disparaging name, indicating the worst variety of rose hips.

The ancient Romans considered the plant a symbol of morality, the Greeks planted rose gardens around the temple of the goddess of love and beauty Aphrodite, and decorated the path of the newlyweds with pink petals.

The medicinal properties of the plant were well known and appreciated in Ancient Greece. In the 4th century BC, Theophrastus, in his Natural History, gave such a detailed description of the plant that it was passed from book to book for many centuries. Ludwig Graeber's herbalist has a recipe from 1563 for using rosehip powder to strengthen gums. The rose oil of the plant served as a good remedy for healing wounds, at a time when reliable sterilization and antiseptic techniques were not yet known.

The ancient Slavs also valued the medicinal properties of rose hips and used them to heal wounds. True, they did not know how to isolate rose oil, but treated themselves with rose water. The beneficial properties of rose hips are mentioned in ancient Russian medical books. In Russia, rose hips were used to treat and prevent bleeding gums. In the 16th-17th centuries, Russian tsars equipped special expeditions to the Orenburg steppes to harvest the fruits of the plant. During the Russian-Turkish War, in the first military hospital in Moscow, the wounded were given “molasses to maintain strength and treatment.” Remembering this tradition, doctors in military hospitals during the Great Patriotic War used a water decoction of rose hips to heal wounds.

Rose hips were used to treat a variety of diseases: from colds to rabies, but in the 19th century, scientific medicine became disillusioned with the medicinal plant and treated it coldly. Rosehip returned to its former glory with the discovery of vitamins in it.

Literature

1. Medicinal plants of the state pharmacopoeia. Pharmacognosy. (Ed. I.A. Samylina, V.A. Severtsev). – M., “AMNI”, 1999.

2. Mashkovsky M.D. "Medicines." In 2 volumes - M., Novaya Volna Publishing House LLC, 2000.

3. “Herbal medicine with the basics of clinical pharmacology”, ed. V.G. Kukesa. – M.: Medicine, 1999.

4. P.S. Chikov. “Medicinal plants” M.: Medicine, 2002.

5. Sokolov S.Ya., Zamotaev I.P. Handbook of medicinal plants (herbal medicine). – M.: VITA, 1993.

6. Mannfried Palov. "Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants". Ed. Ph.D. biol. Sciences I.A. Gubanova. Moscow, "Mir", 1998.

7. Turova A.D. "Medicinal plants of the USSR and their use." Moscow. "Medicine". 1974.

8. Lesiovskaya E.E., Pastushenkov L.V. "Pharmacotherapy with the basics of herbal medicine." Tutorial. – M.: GEOTAR-MED, 2003.

9. Medicinal plants: Reference manual. / N.I. Grinkevich, I.A. Balandina, V.A. Ermakova and others; Ed. N.I. Grinkevich - M.: Higher School, 1991. - 398 p.

10. Nosov A.M. "Medicinal plants". –M. : EKSMO-Press, 2000.- 350 p.

11. Plants for us. Reference manual / Ed. G.P. Yakovleva, K.F. Blinova. – Publishing house “Educational Book”, 1996. – 654 p.

12. Medicinal plant raw materials. Pharmacognosy: Textbook. allowance / Ed. G.P. Yakovlev and K.F. Blinova. – St. Petersburg: SpetsLit, 2004. – 765 p.

14. Formazyuk V.I. "Encyclopedia of food medicinal plants: Cultivated and wild plants in practical medicine." (Ed. N.P. Maksyutina) - K.: Publishing House A.S.K., 2003. - 792 p.

Traditional medicine knows a considerable amount healthy recipes, which require raw materials of medicinal plants. The leaves, bark, berries, and flowers of some herbs and trees are little known and rarely used. Other ingredients are well known, they are prepared on an industrial scale and sold in pharmacies. A typical example is rose hips, which are used to make a variety of products for oral and external use.

Multi-stemmed, deciduous (less often evergreen) shrub. Belongs to the morphological order Rosaceae, represented by approximately 400 species. For Russia, 50-100 are typical, the rest are dispersed throughout the northern hemisphere up to the tropical zone. Cultivated varieties - these include false rose hips, which are purely decorative - number in the tens of thousands.

Appearance is determined by conditions environment. Typical sizes are 2-3 m in height, but there are specimens 25 cm or 10 m tall, creeping or climbing. The rounded leaves can be smooth or hairy. The branches have thorns - short and soft or long and sharp. Nut growths of a strange structure are often found; they are called galls.

Unpretentious. Wild plants are found both in the humid, stuffy jungle and on waterless rocks. They are not afraid of frost and drought, although they have not been found in deserts. Suitable for cultivation in the garden, with propagation from seedlings and annual shoots. Life span is several tens, less often hundreds of years.

Produces small round, oval or pitcher-shaped fruits that look like mini fruits in deep red, orange, black or brown shades(V middle lane this happens by August-September). Single-seeded, they do not germinate immediately after entering the soil, but only after 2-3 years. The botanical formula of rose hip flowers, which describes the structure, is 5 sepals, 5 petals, many pistils and stamens. They bloom in May-June, at dawn, and close at night.

Berries in nature serve as food for field and forest birds, a number of animals: foxes, mice, hares. Shoots and branches are eaten only by goats, sheep and camels, who can chew thorns. Chemical composition raw materials are heterogeneous, depending on the region, but almost everywhere it is traditionally considered great source vitamins

Classification

A representative of the Rosa genus familiar to Russians (the Latin name has been known since ancient times, given presumably because of the color of the flowers) is scientifically called the dog rose, or Sosnovskaya. The auxiliary purpose is decorative, the main purpose is food and medicinal. The fruits, inflorescences, petals of shrubs that are included in this group, as well as the rosehip corymbose, felt, apple, blunt-eared, have long been used to prepare surrogates for tea, jams, compotes, jelly, even marmalade and sweets.

To vitamin, cultivated botany plants different countries include wrinkled thorn, May thorn, spiny thorn, loose thorn, and some other varieties.

Chemical composition

The common rose hip produces single- rather than multi-seeded fruits with a diameter of 1-1.5 cm. According to pharmacognosy, their ascorbic acid content is quantitatively higher than that of currants, rowan, and lemon: at least 0.2%. That's why antioxidant properties impressive. There are also enough other vitamins - E, B2, P, K, A, as well as pectin, minerals and tannins, essential oils, flavonoids, organic acids, sugars. They provide a bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, and general strengthening effect. Enriched extracts, which do not contain too many calories, can be made from almost all components of the plant: roots, branches, stems.

Medicinal properties

Ointments, tea drinks, tinctures based on blackthorn raw materials are intended for internal and external use. Craftsmen masterfully use them to heal abrasions, cracks in the skin and nipples of nursing women at home. Traditional pharmacological agents help get rid of chronic and acute problems with genitourinary, circulatory, digestive systems: strengthen the walls of blood vessels, inhibit the lungs, uterine bleeding, stimulate the production of hormones and bile. Also thanks to them you can win:

colds, arthritis, flu, any throat diseases;
ulcers, frostbite, dermatitis;
burns, eczema, obesity;
a number of eye diseases, hepatitis, cholecystitis;
atherosclerosis, cholangitis, diathesis.

According to studies, symptoms in children, adult men and women are easily relieved. Complications can be safely avoided or mitigated. Recovery occurs faster, even if a person simply drinks herbal tea with berries and honey.

Application

Doctors prescribe the use of healing rosehip infusions and oils, without specifically specifying what raw materials should be used. Both fresh and dry food bring benefits if it is properly prepared and stored. When there are no berries or leaves with perianth available, it is not forbidden to take squeezed rose oil (due to the familiar word, confusion often arises, however we're talking about specifically about blackthorn), stems, rhizomes. You can assemble them yourself or buy them from a good manufacturer.

Industry

Vitamin factories on different continents have long been processing rose hips in huge volumes. In Russia and the USSR, on the territory of Lithuania, Bashkiria, the Chelyabinsk region, and the Moscow region, plantations with perennial clumps were created, where the richest useful substances, large-fruited varieties of shrubs. Canning factories produced rose jam. Confectionery, perfumery, wine, pharmaceutical - oil, for 1 kg of which 3 thousand kg of fresh petals are consumed, collected in the morning, exclusively by hand. The oil from the seeds is used to produce drying oil.

Medicine

Berries are mainly used due to the largest number in cells of antioxidants, microelements and other active ingredients. Ready-made forms - dragees, tablets, extracts, whole dried fruits are often sold. Fresh (seasonal, autumn product), calorie content 162/100 g, due to suitable characteristics Homeopaths love to use it. Typical indications for treatment:

anemia, exhaustion, diarrhea;
carbohydrate metabolism disorders;
inflammation of the kidneys, liver, intestines;
typhoid, tuberculosis, scarlet fever (make preparations, tinctures).

Popular drugs are “Galascorbin”, “Holosas”, anti-asthmatic medicines. Prophylactic According to the pharmacopoeia, syrup is considered.

Cosmetics

Shops and pharmacies offer nourishing creams based on carotoline ( oil extract), helping to improve complexion, smooth out wrinkles, reduce excessive sensitivity, and normalize water metabolism. It is recommended to independently prepare infusions and decoctions for washing, which are suitable for all skin types, including acne-prone and teenage skin. They cleanse well, refresh, tone, effectively get rid of inflammation, peeling, wounds, and also protect against UV radiation. The most powerful rejuvenating effect is provided by the oil obtained after cold pressing of the raw materials.

Fragrant wax and juice from the petals are used to produce highly valuable soaps, lipsticks, and perfumes. It is included in 98% of perfumes for women and 46% for men; it is also added to honey and milk and taken in baths to achieve smooth and soft skin. Take care of your hands by lubricating them with a mixture of rose water, ammonia and glycerin.

Cooking

Most common members of the genus Rosa (literal name from Latin) produce fruits that can be eaten fresh, dried or after heat treatment. Rosehip petals are used raw, cinnamon rosehip petals are used for jam, and wrinkled rosehip petals are used for jelly and liqueurs. Tea surrogates provide infusions of flowers, less often leaves of many types. A substitute for coffee is blackthorn nuts processed in a similar way. Young shoots and leaves act as ingredients for some snacks and salads. Thanks to the blackthorn raw material, wines become spicy, and it is suitable for making non-alcoholic drinks.

Harvesting rose hips

It is carried out exclusively in ecologically clean areas. It is necessary to select an area located away from highways and highways, as well as from accumulations of anthropogenic waste.

You should first make sure that the wild red- or aronia-fruited shrub plants found belong to the vitamin, useful form large family.

Collection

For Russia it starts around the end of August and lasts strictly until the first frosts, which occasionally occur in early autumn. Ripe fruits, but spoiled by cold, must subsequently be subjected to heat treatment(prepare compotes, juices, syrups), they are not suitable for preparing other preventive medicines. When determining the timing, you need to focus on the characteristics of the territory and the variety of rose hips. Each berry should be picked with a sepal, being careful not to damage it, otherwise it will quickly rot, become moldy and spoil the rest.

Today, it is not recommended for hobbyists to harvest leaves, bark and other above- and underground parts of plants without special need. When the blackthorn blooms, it is better not to touch it, so as not to harm it due to lack of knowledge.

Drying

It is carried out after primary processing - separation of diseased, cracked, crushed fruits. It is better to leave small ones whole, large ones - cut in half. No washing required. The simplest way drying - in the oven, which must be heated to 400°C. Then place a baking sheet inside with one layer of spread out raw materials, wait 60 minutes, raise the temperature to 600°C, leave for 10 hours.

Another option is to set the value to 1000°C and process the berries for 10 minutes. Then hold it a little longer at 700°C until ready. Stir occasionally or simply open the device door slightly.

If a cool, shaded attic is available, it is recommended to use it: place the tray so that a draft blows on the berries from all sides. Then complete the processing using an air fryer. Overdried fruits crumble, normal fruits spring back when pressed, and no marks remain on the skin.

Storage

You need to choose a dark, warm, not too humid place. Raw materials are placed in glass bottles, wooden boxes, paper or cardboard boxes. Tin cans are suitable, but first you need to keep the rose hips for 3-5 days in a breathable container at room temperature. Shelf life is short - 12-24 months. Spoiled raw materials or an overdose of products based on them cause allergies and poisoning of varying degrees.

Method of preparation and use

Rose hips as a medicinal plant are used in different ways; there are many recipes healing agents. The most popular is a decoction. You need to take 2 tablespoons of well-washed, crushed raw materials, pour 400 ml into a glass container hot water, place for 15 minutes on water bath. Then cool and strain using cheesecloth. The second option is for 5 tbsp. l. take 1-1.5 liters of boiling water, keep on fire for about 5 minutes, transfer to a thermos, leave for 3-4 hours.

The classic infusion is made like this: take 0.5 liters of hot water for 1 tablespoon of berries, wait overnight (10-12 hours). Filter thoroughly, drink 2 days before, 2 times a day, half an hour before meals. A serving is approximately half a glass. Use a thermos or saucepan wrapped in a thick terry towel.

Instructions for use vary depending on the patient's habits and specific conditions. So, if in the above scheme you double the volume of boiling water, steeping the solution for 15 minutes, you will get tea. It is preferable to use this brewing recipe: the liquid retains maximum amount bioactive substances. You can also boil a handful of fruits over low heat in 1 liter of water for 10 minutes. The taste will change to sourish, it will become richer, but vitamin C will be almost completely destroyed. It is allowed to dilute dry nuts crushed into powder with 1 glass of water (calculated for 10 g), then immediately take it orally.

Freshly picked berries can be used for syrup: rinse, remove seeds, sepals, and villi. Grind, add boiling water (1:2), cook for 10-15 minutes, leave for 10-12 hours. Filter, add sugar (1:1.5), heat slowly until it dissolves, then pour into jars. Drink immediately or over time, keeping the finished product in the dark and cool.

Another version: blanch the pulp for 2-3 minutes, distribute among scalded containers, pour sugar syrup(1:2), put citric acid(4 g per 1 l), keep in a water bath. Roll up and leave to cool, turning it upside down.

* Ca5Co5A5G2: 1. actinomorphic flower, calyx consists of 5 sepals, corolla consists of 5 petals, five stamens, gynoecium of two carpels, superior ovary 2. zygomorphic flower, consists of 5 fused sepals, corolla consists of 5 fused petals, five stamens , gynoecium consists of 2 carpels, ovary inferior

16. Decipher the formula of the flower - * К5С5А∞ G∞: 1. the flower is actinomorphic, the calyx consists of 5 sepals, the corolla consists of 5 petals, there are many stamens, the gynoecium consists of many carpels; 2. the flower is zygomorphic, the calyx consists of 5 sepals, the corolla consists of 5 petals, there are many stamens, the gynoecium consists of many carpels;

17. Decipher the formula of the comletus flower - K(5)C3(2)A(5+4)1G1: 1. the flower is zygomorphic, the perianth is double, the calyx is fused-leaved, five-membered, the corolla is five-membered, two of the five petals grow together and form a boat; androecium of ten stamens, nine of them are fused with each other by threads, and one stamen is free, 10 stamens are arranged in two circles, the gynoecium is represented by one carpel; 2. actinomorphic flower, free-leaved calyx.

18. Decipher the formula of a tulip flower - * P3 + 3 A 3 + 3 G (3) : 1. the flower is correct; 2. perianth simple; 3. the flower is wrong; 4. double perianth; 5. the flower is regular, the perianth is simple, its members are arranged in two circles of three; There are six stamens, arranged three in two circles; The gynoecium consists of three fused carpels, the ovary is superior.

19. Double fertilization in plants is called: 1. fusion of an egg with one and then with another sperm; 2. fusion of the egg with one sperm, and the central cell with another; 3. fusion of sperm with each other and then with the egg; 4 fusion of the egg with the entire contents of the pollen tube

20. After fertilization, the ovule does not form: 1. seed coat; 2. multicellular embryo; 3. endosperm; 4. fruit

21. Storage tissue - perisperm is formed: 1. from the triploid central cell of the ovule; 2. ovules from the nucellus

22. The formation of fruits involves: 1. only the ovary; 2. only a fertilized egg; 3. only the ovule; 4. ovary, ovule, and sometimes peduncle and receptacle

23. Inflorescence of carrots, dill, parsley, hogweed - 1. scutellum; 2. panicle; 3 simple umbrella; 4. complex umbrella

24. Inflorescence of primrose, onion, garlic, celandine - 1. scutellum; 2. panicle; 3. simple umbrella; 4. complex umbrella

25. Inflorescence of chamomile, dandelion, cornflower, chicory – 1. head; 2. panicle; 3. basket; 4. brush

26. Inflorescence of bird cherry, lily of the valley, radish, field grass - 1. raceme; 2. ear; 3. umbrella; 4.broom

27. Inflorescence of lilac, grapes, rice, elderberry, oats - 1. panicle; 2. ear; 3. umbrella; 4. brush

28. Inflorescence of rye, timothy, foxtail, barley, wheatgrass – 1. raceme; 2. simple ear; 3. complex ear; 4. panicle

29. The inflorescence of the basket is protected from the outside by: 1. large marginal flowers; 2. sepals and corolla petals; 3. a wrapper consisting of modified leaves; 4. large sepals arranged in two or more rows

30. The fruit of hazel, linden, gravilat, hemp: 1. nut, nut; 2. achene; 3. box; 4. acorn

31. Fruit of peas, beans, beans, lupine, soybeans, lentils: 1. pod; 2. seeder; 3. bob; 4. leaflet

32. Fruit of larkspur, columbine, delphinium: 1. pod; 2. seeder; 3. leaflet; 4. lionfish

33. Fruit of tomato, grape, gooseberry: 1. drupe; 2. berry; 3. orange; 4. apple

34. The fruit of pear, quince, red-fruited and chokeberry, apple trees: 1 berry; 2. Kristyanka; 3. apple; 4. orange;

35. Fruit of orange, tangerine, lemon: 1. berry; 2. apple; 3. orange; 4. drupe