Sanatorium treatment for bronchial asthma. Bronchial asthma treatment in sanatoriums

booking vouchers to a sanatorium where bronchial asthma is treated for 2019.

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Respiratory diseases are considered a serious problem of modern mankind. One of the most common diseases is bronchial asthma - a non-infectious inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract that affects both children and adults. Asthma is a chronic disease - it is difficult to treat, but it can be controlled. Bronchial asthma treatment in sanatoriums every year is one of the ways out in case of pain for health.

Given that drug therapy does not guarantee effective treatment, and the fact that the disease most often occurs in a mild form that does not require hospitalization, the sanatoriums of Caucasian Mineral Waters are considered the best place for the treatment of bronchial asthma.

Bronchial asthma is treated in a sanatorium with a stable remission, a decrease in the number of medications taken, and an improvement in general health.

Asthma treatment in sanatoriums gives excellent results thanks to modern treatment methods:

• climatotherapy (sunbathing, mountain air, gas-free and clean, provide a tremendous therapeutic effect by replenishing oxygen deficiency and improving lung ventilation);
• ozone therapy (immunomodulatory effect due to the activation of pro-antioxidant systems of the body);
• balneotherapy (treatment with water - drinking treatment with mineral waters, inhalations),
• halotherapy (safe and effective asthma treatment based on dry sea salt);
• reflexology (neuro-immuno-endocrine regulation by influencing biologically active points gives a pronounced clinical effect);
• herbal medicine (treatment with herbs growing in ecologically clean areas - extremely useful for the treatment of asthma).

Walking along the health paths in the Kislovodsk park makes it easy to breathe for both children and adults. Treatment of bronchial asthma in sanatoriums allows you to maintain health for many years.

In 75-80% of patients with bronchial asthma, the number of attacks decreases after treatment in sanatoriums. Treatment at mountain climatic resorts is recommended for people with atopic inflammation of the respiratory tract.

result The treatment of bronchial asthma in sanatoriums is a decrease in the frequency and severity of asthma attacks or their complete disappearance, a decrease in the dose of medications taken, a positive dynamics in the functions of external respiration. And all this with the smallest dose of drugs and with the least side effects. Sanatoriums in Kislovodsk are rightfully considered the best for asthma treatment and are very popular. Thousands of patients every year are convinced that asthma in the sanatorium practically disappears without the risk of complications. Asthma treatment in Kislovodsk sanatoriums is successful due to unsurpassed natural and climatic data: warm mild climate, clean mountain air, gentle sun, rich vegetation, healing mineral springs, health paths, close tourism, unique asthma treatment methods and high professionalism of specialists in Kislovodsk sanatoriums help to get rid of from seizures, get a stable remission, prevent progression to a more severe form. Sanatoriums for the treatment of asthma.

cost for 2019 from 2736.67 RUB per day asthma treatment in a spa	cost for 2019from 2850.00 RUB per day
	cost for 2019 from 3750.00 RUB per day asthma treatment in a sanatorium.
	tour cost from 3500.00 RUB per day

Treatment strategy and prevention” states that bronchial asthma is an independent nosological form - a chronic disease, which is based on allergic inflammation of the bronchi.

Kislovodsk and Essentuki - it is here that broncho-pulmonary diseases are successfully treated. Lungs in a sanatorium can be treated on vacation in where a special arboretum has been created. In, which stands in the center of the largest landscape park in Europe.

One of the many types of spa treatment for bronchial asthma is speleotherapy- treatment by staying in the microclimate conditions of natural karst caves, grottoes and salt mines. The essence of the treatment lies in the beneficial effect on the respiratory system of air saturated with minerals, as well as gases located in caves. The effectiveness of speleotherapy treatment is very high.

Bronchial asthma is a chronic disease associated with inflammation of the airways, in which a number of cells and inflammatory mediators are involved, which leads to characteristic pathophysiological changes.

Inflammation of the airways in bronchial asthma
Despite the variety of clinical manifestations of bronchial asthma and the cells involved in the pathogenesis of asthma, inflammation of the airways is an invariable feature of asthma. Although asthma symptoms are episodic, airway inflammation in asthma is chronic. A clear relationship between the severity of bronchial asthma and the intensity of inflammation has not been established. In most patients with asthma, the inflammatory process involves the entire airway, including the upper sections and the nasal cavity, but the physiological consequences of inflammation are most pronounced in the medium-sized bronchi. Probably, the inflammatory process is universal in different clinical forms of asthma - allergic, non-allergic and aspirin - and does not depend on the age of patients with asthma.

Structural changes in the airways in asthma.

In addition to the inflammatory response, there are also characteristic structural changes in the airways of asthmatic patients that are often considered as a process of bronchial remodeling. In part, these changes depend on the severity of asthma and can lead to poorly reversible narrowing of the airways. These changes may be the result of recovery processes in response to chronic inflammation in asthma.

Pathophysiology of bronchial asthma

The narrowing of the airways in asthma is a universal final stage in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma, leading to the onset of asthma symptoms and characteristic physiological changes. The narrowing of the airways in asthma is due to several factors.

Bronchial hyperreactivity is a characteristic functional disorder in asthma. As a result, exposure to a stimulus that is safe for a healthy person causes the patient with asthma to constrict the airways, which leads to variable bronchial obstruction and episodic asthma symptoms. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthma is associated with inflammation and repair in the airways and may be reduced by asthma treatment. Mechanisms for the development of bronchial hyperreactivity in asthma have only been partially established.

Special mechanisms in bronchial asthma

Exacerbations of asthma. A transient increase in the severity of asthma symptoms can develop as a result of exposure of the patient with asthma to risk factors or triggers, which include exercise, air pollutants, and even certain weather. Longer aggravation in asthma is usually due to viral infections of the upper respiratory tract or contact with an allergen. The result of this is an increase in inflammation activity in asthma.

Involvement of structural cells of the respiratory tract in the pathogenesis of asthma

bronchial epithelial cells in asthma, they express various inflammatory proteins. Epithelial cells interact with viruses and pollutants.
Smooth muscle cells of the bronchi in asthma, they express inflammatory proteins similar to those synthesized in epithelial cells.
endothelial cells of the vascular system of the bronchi in asthma are involved in the processes of migration of inflammatory cells from the bloodstream to the respiratory tract.
Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in asthma, they produce connective tissue components such as collagens and proteoglycans involved in airway remodeling in asthma.
Nervous system of the respiratory tract in asthma is also involved in the inflammatory process. Reflex triggers in the asthma airways can activate cholinergic nerves, causing bronchospasm and mucus secretion. Sensitization of sensory nerves by inflammatory stimuli, including neutrophins, causes a change in the reflex response in patients with asthma and symptoms such as cough and chest congestion, and may also promote the release of inflammatory neuropeptides.

Nocturnal bronchial asthma.

Mechanisms for worsening asthma symptoms at night are not fully understood, but this deterioration in asthma patients may be associated with circadian fluctuations in blood hormone levels (adrenaline, cortisol, and melatonin) and neurogenic factors, such as changes in the tone of the cholinergic nervous system.
There are reports that during the night in patients with asthma there is an activation of inflammation in the airways, which may reflect a decrease in the activity of endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

Irreversible bronchial obstruction.

Some patients with severe bronchial asthma develop progressive bronchial obstruction that is not fully reversible with current asthma treatment. This may reflect structural changes in the airways in asthma.

Bronchial asthma, difficult to treat .

A certain proportion of patients develop bronchial asthma, which is difficult to treat and relatively insensitive to corticosteroids. The reasons for this course of asthma have not been established. This form of bronchial asthma is often associated with poor compliance with medical prescriptions and psychological or psychiatric disorders. However, in some cases, such asthma may be due to genetic factors. In many patients, asthma, which is difficult to treat, is noted from the very beginning of the disease, and does not develop from milder forms. In these patients with asthma, the severe bronchial obstruction that accompanies asthma leads to the formation of "air traps" and hyperinflation. Despite the great similarity of morphological changes with changes in other forms of asthma, bronchial asthma, which is difficult to treat, is characterized by an increase in the number of neutrophils, damage to small-caliber bronchi, and more pronounced structural changes in the bronchi.

Smoking and bronchial asthma.

Smoking makes it more difficult to achieve asthma control, is accompanied by an increased rate of exacerbations and hospitalizations, an accelerated decline in lung function, and an increased risk of death from asthma. In smoking patients with asthma, inflammation in the airways may be predominantly neutrophilic in nature, such patients with asthma respond poorly to corticosteroid therapy.

Key points
The diagnosis of asthma can often be suggested based on symptoms such as episodes of shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, and chest congestion.
Evaluation of lung function (using spirometry or peak flow) allows you to assess the severity of bronchial obstruction in asthma, its reversibility and variability and confirm the diagnosis of bronchial asthma.
Evaluation of allergic status in asthma can help identify risk factors that trigger the development of asthma symptoms in a particular patient.
In children aged 5 years and younger, the elderly, and those with occupational asthma, additional testing may be required to diagnose asthma.
In patients who complain of the characteristic symptoms of bronchial asthma, but with normal lung function, the diagnosis of bronchial asthma may be helped by the study of bronchial reactivity.
Previous guidelines have proposed a classification of asthma according to severity. However, the severity of asthma can change over time and depends not only on the severity of the underlying disease, but also on the response to therapy.
To facilitate the management of patients with asthma in clinical practice, it is recommended to classify bronchial asthma according to the degree of control over the disease.
The following indicates the achievement of control over the clinical manifestations of bronchial asthma:
- absence of symptoms of bronchial asthma during the daytime (or ≤2 episodes per week);
- lack of restrictions in daily activities due to asthma, including exercise;
- absence of nocturnal symptoms or awakenings due to bronchial asthma;
- no need for rescue medications for asthma attacks (or ≤2 episodes per week);
- normal or near-normal lung function;
− no exacerbations of asthma.
Correct diagnosis of bronchial asthma is necessary for the appointment of adequate drug therapy. Symptoms of bronchial asthma may appear sporadically, and their significance may be underestimated by patients and doctors. In addition, the nonspecific nature of asthma symptoms may lead to misdiagnosis (eg, wheezing bronchitis, COPD, or age-related dyspnea). Misdiagnosis is particularly common in children, whose asthma may be seen as various forms of bronchitis or croup, leading to inadequate treatment.

Clinical diagnosis of bronchial asthma

Anamnesis and complaints
Symptoms. The diagnosis of asthma can often be suggested based on symptoms such as episodes of shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, and chest congestion. Also of significant importance is the occurrence of asthma symptoms after episodes of exposure to the allergen, the seasonal variability of asthma symptoms, and the presence of a family history of asthma or atopy. With a combination of bronchial asthma and rhinitis, the symptoms of bronchial asthma may appear episodically only at certain times of the year or be present constantly (persistent bronchial asthma) with seasonal deterioration. In some sensitized patients, the seasonal increase in the level of certain aeroallergens in the air causes the development of exacerbations of bronchial asthma.
Cough variant of bronchial asthma.
In patients with cough variant of bronchial asthma, the main, and sometimes the only manifestation of asthma is cough. Cough bronchial asthma is especially common in children, the most pronounced symptoms of asthma are usually observed at night; daytime symptoms of asthma may be absent. For these patients with asthma, the study of variability in lung function or bronchial hyperresponsiveness, as well as the determination of eosinophils in sputum, is of particular importance. The cough variant of bronchial asthma should be differentiated from the so-called eosinophilic bronchitis, in which patients have cough and sputum eosinophilia, but normal spirometry lung function and normal bronchial reactivity.
In addition, in the process of diagnosing asthma, one should be aware of the possibility of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor-associated cough, gastroesophageal reflux, postnasal drip syndrome, chronic sinusitis, and vocal cord dysfunction.
Bronchospasm caused by exercise.
In most patients, physical activity is an important (sometimes the only) cause of asthma symptoms. Bronchospasm in asthma due to exercise usually develops 5–10 minutes after the cessation of exercise (rarely during exercise). Patients report typical symptoms of bronchial asthma or sometimes a prolonged cough that resolves on its own within 30–45 minutes. Some forms of exercise (such as running) cause asthma symptoms more often than others. Bronchospasm in asthma due to physical activity can develop in any climatic conditions, but more often - when inhaling dry, cold air, less often - in a hot and humid climate.
A rapid improvement in symptoms of post-exercise bronchospasm after inhaled β2-agonist or prevention of symptoms due to inhalation of β2-agonist before exercise supports the diagnosis of asthma. Sometimes in children, bronchial asthma manifests itself only during physical exertion. In such patients or in case of doubts about the diagnosis of bronchial asthma, it is advisable to conduct a test with physical activity. The 8-minute running protocol is easy to use in clinical practice; this method contributes to the diagnosis of bronchial asthma.
Physical examination in bronchial asthma.
Due to the variability in the manifestations of bronchial asthma, there may be no symptoms of a disease of the respiratory system during a physical examination. Most often in patients with asthma, wheezing is detected on auscultation, confirming the presence of bronchial obstruction. However, in some patients with asthma, wheezing may be absent or detected only during forced exhalation, even in the presence of severe bronchial obstruction. Occasionally, wheezing is absent in patients with severe asthma exacerbations due to severe airflow and ventilation limitation. However, these patients with asthma usually have other clinical signs that indicate the presence and severity of an exacerbation, including cyanosis, drowsiness, difficulty speaking, chest distension, tachycardia, involvement of the accessory muscles in the act of breathing, and intercostal indrawing.
Other clinical symptoms of asthma may be present only when examining a patient during a period of severe clinical manifestations. The swollen chest in asthma is a consequence of the patient's breathing in conditions of increased lung volumes, which should ensure the "straightening" of the airways and the opening of the small bronchi.

Research methods for diagnosis and follow-up in bronchial asthma.

Assessment of lung function in bronchial asthma. Diagnosis of bronchial asthma is usually based on the identification of the patient's characteristic symptoms of asthma. However, the study of lung function and, in particular, confirmation of the reversibility of impaired lung function significantly increases the reliability of the diagnosis of bronchial asthma. This is due to the fact that patients with bronchial asthma, especially those with a long history of the disease, often do not realize that they have symptoms of the disease or inadequately assess their severity. The doctor may also be mistaken in identifying symptoms such as shortness of breath and wheezing. The study of lung function allows you to assess the severity of bronchial obstruction, its reversibility, variability and confirm the diagnosis of bronchial asthma. Although lung function measures do not correlate strongly with asthma symptom severity or other measures of asthma control in both adults and children, they provide additional information about other aspects of asthma control.
There are various methods for assessing the degree of bronchial obstruction in asthma, but only two of them are used universally in patients over the age of 5 years: spirometry, in particular the determination of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC); peak flowmetry - measurement of peak expiratory flow (PSV).
Spirometry is the method of choice for assessing the severity and reversibility of bronchial obstruction in the process of diagnosing bronchial asthma. FEV1 and FVC are measured using a forced expiratory spirometer. The generally accepted criterion for the diagnosis of bronchial asthma is an increase in FEV1 ≥12% (or ≥200 ml) compared with the value before inhalation of a bronchodilator. However, in most patients with asthma (especially those receiving appropriate treatment), the reversibility of bronchial obstruction can not be detected in every study, so the sensitivity of this study is quite low. It is recommended to conduct repeated studies in patients with asthma at different visits. The results of spirometry are reproducible, however, they depend on the effort of the patient with asthma. Therefore, patients should be carefully instructed to perform a forced expiration, perform a respiratory maneuver three times and record the best result obtained. Since there are data on ethnic differences in spirometry, appropriate formulas should be selected for each patient with asthma to calculate the expected values ​​of FEV1 and FVC. For young people (age<20 лет) и пожилых (возраст >70 years) of patients with asthma is characterized by a large scatter of normal values, which reduces the reliability of due values. A decrease in FEV1 can be a consequence of various lung diseases, so it is important to determine the FEV1/FVC ratio to assess bronchial obstruction. Normally, the FEV1/FVC ratio is >0.75–0.80, and in children it may be >0.9. A decrease in this ratio below the indicated values ​​makes it possible to suspect bronchial obstruction and bronchial asthma.
Peak expiratory flow is measured using a peak flowmeter and is an important method for diagnosing and evaluating the effectiveness of asthma therapy. Today's peak flow meters are relatively inexpensive, portable, made of plastic, and ideal for daily assessment of airflow obstruction in patients with asthma at home. However, PEF measurements are not interchangeable with other measurements of lung function in asthma, such as FEV1 in adults or children. When determining PSV, it is possible to underestimate the severity of obstruction in asthma, especially with an increase in the severity of bronchial obstruction and the appearance of "air traps". Since the use of different peak flow meters can lead to different PEF values, and the range of expected PEF values ​​is very wide, it is preferable to compare peak flow measurements in a particular patient with asthma with his own best performance using the patient's peak flow meter. The best indicator is usually recorded during the period of absence of asthma symptoms and / or the maximum volume of therapy. This indicator is used as a benchmark in assessing the results of asthma therapy.
Since the results of peak flow measurements depend on the patient's expiratory effort, the patient with asthma should be carefully instructed to obtain reliable data.
Monitoring PEF is appropriate for a certain category of patients with bronchial asthma and may be useful in the following:
Confirmation of the diagnosis of bronchial asthma. Despite the fact that the method of choice for confirming bronchial obstruction in asthma is spirometry, an increase in PSV after inhalation of a bronchodilator by 60 L / min (or by a value ≥20% of PSV measured before inhalation of a bronchodilator), or a change in PSV during the day by more than 20% (when measuring PSV 2 times a day - more than 10%) indicates the presence of bronchial asthma.
Improvement in asthma control, especially in patients with poor symptoms of the disease. Asthma treatment plans that include self-assessment of asthma symptoms or PEF when treating exacerbations have been shown to improve asthma treatment outcomes.
Identification of environmental factors that provoke the onset of symptoms of bronchial asthma. This is done by measuring the peak expiratory flow rate of an asthmatic patient daily or several times a day for a period of expected exposure to risk factors at home or at work, during exercise or other activities, and during periods without exposure to risk factors.
Evaluation of bronchial reactivity in bronchial asthma.
In patients who complain of the characteristic symptoms of asthma but have normal lung function, examination of the bronchial response to methacholine, histamine, mannitol, or exercise may help diagnose asthma. Bronchial reactivity in asthma reflects the "sensitivity" of the airways to the so-called triggers, i.e. factors that can cause the onset of symptoms of bronchial asthma. These tests are sensitive in diagnosing asthma, but their specificity is limited. This means that a negative test result can help rule out a diagnosis of persistent asthma in a patient not receiving ICS, but a positive result does not always mean that the patient has asthma. These results are explained by the fact that bronchial hyperreactivity can be observed in patients with allergic rhinitis, as well as in patients with bronchial obstruction due to other diseases, such as cystic fibrosis,
bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Non-invasive determination of airway inflammation markers in bronchial asthma.
To assess the activity of inflammation in the airways in bronchial asthma, sputum spontaneously produced or induced by inhalation of a hypertonic solution can be examined for inflammatory cells - eosinophils or neutrophils.
In addition, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and carbon monoxide (FeCO) levels have been proposed as non-invasive markers of airway inflammation in asthma. In patients with bronchial asthma, there is an increase in the level of FeNO (in the absence of ICS therapy) compared with persons without bronchial asthma; however, these findings are not specific to asthma. In prospective studies, the significance of sputum eosinophilia or FeNO for the diagnosis of asthma has not been evaluated. Nevertheless, the possibility of using these indicators to select the optimal asthma therapy has been shown.
Evaluation of allergic status in bronchial asthma.
There is a clear relationship between asthma and allergic rhinitis, so the presence of allergic reactions, allergic diseases, and especially allergic rhinitis increases the likelihood of asthma in patients with symptoms of respiratory disease. In addition, identification of allergy in patients with bronchial asthma (confirmed by skin testing or determination of specific IgE in blood serum) can help identify risk factors that cause asthma symptoms in specific patients. Challenge tests with inhalation of a suspected allergen or sensitizing agent may help in the diagnosis of occupational asthma, but are not recommended for general use, as they rarely contribute to the diagnosis of asthma, should be performed by experienced personnel, and may lead to the development of life-threatening bronchospasm.
Skin tests with allergens in asthma are the main method for assessing allergic status. They are easy to use, do not require much time and money and have high sensitivity. However, incorrect sample performance may result in false positive or false negative results. The determination of specific IgE in the blood serum in asthma is not superior to skin tests in terms of reliability and is a more expensive method. The main disadvantage of methods for assessing allergic status is that positive test results do not necessarily indicate the allergic nature of asthma and the association of the allergen with the development of bronchial asthma, since in some patients specific IgE may be detected in the absence of any symptoms of asthma and play no role. in the development of bronchial asthma. The presence of relevant allergen exposure and its association with asthma symptoms should be supported by history. The measurement of total IgE in serum is not a method of diagnosing atopy.
Difficulties in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of bronchial asthma.
Depending on age (in infants, children, young or elderly adults), bronchial asthma must be differentiated from different diseases.
Children aged 5 years and under
The diagnosis of asthma in young children is extremely complex and is based primarily on clinical signs, symptom assessment, and physical examination findings. The diagnosis of asthma in children with wheezing has important clinical implications, so other causes of chronic or recurrent wheezing must be ruled out when making a diagnosis of asthma.
Episodes of wheezing and coughing are very common in children, even in the absence of asthma, especially those under 3 years of age. Three types of wheezing in the chest have been described in children aged 5 years and younger:
Transient early wheezing which children often “outgrow” in the first 3 years of life. Such wheezing is often associated with prematurity of children and smoking parents.
Persistent wheezing with early onset(under the age of 3 years). These children usually present with recurrent episodes of wheezing associated with acute respiratory viral infections, with no evidence of atopy and (unlike children in the next age group with late onset wheezing/asthma) no family history of atopy. These episodes tend to continue into school age; at 12 years of age, they can still be detected in a significant proportion of children. Wheezing episodes in children under 2 years of age are usually caused by respiratory syncytial virus infection, while other viruses are the predominant cause in children 2–5 years of age.
Late-onset wheezing/asthma. Such children suffer from bronchial asthma, which often lasts throughout childhood and continues into adulthood. A typical feature of such patients is a history of atopy (often manifested as eczema) and airway pathology characteristic of bronchial asthma.
The presence of the following symptoms indicates a high probability of a diagnosis of bronchial asthma: frequent episodes of wheezing (more than one per month), cough or wheezing caused by exercise, coughing at night in the absence of a viral infection, no seasonal changes in wheezing, and persistence of symptoms in over 3 years of age. It has been shown that a simple clinical index based on the presence of wheezing before the age of 3 years in combination with one "major" risk factor (bronchial asthma or eczema in the parents) or two of the three "minor" risk factors (eosinophilia, wheezing wheezing in the absence of a cold, allergic rhinitis), allows us to assess the risk of bronchial asthma in older age.
However, the treatment of children at risk with inhaled corticosteroids was not accompanied by a decrease in the incidence of bronchial asthma.
Trial treatment with short-acting bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids is a useful method to confirm the diagnosis of asthma in children aged 5 years and younger. A pronounced clinical improvement during therapy and deterioration after its termination speaks in favor of the diagnosis of bronchial asthma. Spirometry and other diagnostic tests recommended in older children and adults, such as assessment of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and determination of inflammatory markers, are difficult and require sophisticated equipment, making them unsuitable for routine use. However, children as young as 4–5 years of age can learn to use a peak flow meter, but peak flow measurements must be performed under parental supervision to obtain accurate results.
Children over the age of 5 and adults.
In most patients, to confirm the diagnosis of bronchial asthma, a thorough collection of complaints and anamnesis, the results of a physical examination, and the identification of reversible and variable bronchial obstruction (preferably using spirometry) are required.
Since bronchial asthma is widespread, it can be associated with any of the similar conditions, which makes it difficult to diagnose asthma, assess the severity and level of control of bronchial asthma. This is especially true when asthma is associated with hyperventilation syndrome, vocal cord dysfunction, and COPD. In order to determine the role of asthma and comorbidity in the development of symptoms in a particular patient, it is often necessary to conduct not only a thorough diagnosis, but also the treatment of both diseases.
Elderly patients with bronchial asthma.
In the elderly, undiagnosed asthma is a common cause of respiratory symptoms that resolve with therapy; The presence of comorbidities complicates the diagnosis. In the presence of wheezing, shortness of breath and cough due to left ventricular failure, sometimes they talk about "cardiac asthma". This term can be misleading and its use is discouraged. An increase in the severity of symptoms during exercise and at night can further complicate diagnosis, since it occurs in both bronchial asthma and left ventricular failure. Usually, a careful collection of complaints and anamnesis, physical examination, ECG and chest x-ray allow the diagnosis to be made. In elderly patients, it is especially difficult to distinguish bronchial asthma from COPD; trial therapy with bronchodilators and/or oral/inhaled corticosteroids may be required to solve this problem.
There are a number of factors that make it difficult to treat, assess the level of control and achieve control of asthma in the elderly, including: inadequate perception of symptoms by patients, recognition of dyspnea as a “normal” condition in old age, and low expectations of movement and activity opportunities.
Occupational bronchial asthma
Bronchial asthma that develops at the workplace is often not diagnosed. Due to the gradual development of occupational asthma, it is often regarded as chronic bronchitis or COPD, which leads to improper treatment or no treatment of asthma. Bronchial asthma should be suspected in case of symptoms of rhinitis, cough and/or wheezing, especially in non-smokers. To establish a diagnosis of work-related asthma, it is necessary to systematically collect detailed information about work history and environmental factors in the workplace. The criteria for diagnosing occupational asthma are: clearly established occupational exposure to known or suspected sensitizing agents; absence of symptoms of bronchial asthma before employment or a clear worsening of the course of bronchial asthma after employment. The presence of workplace dependence of symptoms (reduction in symptoms outside of work and an increase on return to work) may help to establish a relationship between suspected sensitizing agents and asthma.
Since the treatment of occupational asthma often forces the patient to change jobs, the diagnosis of bronchial asthma leads to important socioeconomic consequences, and therefore the diagnosis of asthma needs to be objectively confirmed. It can be obtained using specific bronchoprovocation tests, although there are a limited number of centers that have facilities for such tests. Another method of confirming the diagnosis of asthma is to register PSV at least 4 times a day for 2 weeks during the working period and another 2 weeks during the holidays. The growing awareness that occupational asthma symptoms may persist or worsen even after exposure to an allergen has ceased underscores the need for early diagnosis of asthma to absolutely rule out further exposure to the allergen and prescribe asthma medication. For more information on identifying occupational asthma, see the Evidence-Based Guidelines.
Differential diagnosis of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Bronchial asthma and COPD are widespread chronic obstructive diseases, which are based on inflammation of the airways. COPD is characterized by the presence of incompletely reversible airflow obstruction, which is usually progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of lung tissue to exposure to noxious particles or gases. In patients with asthma, exposure to damaging agents (especially smoking) can lead to the development of permanent airflow obstruction and an inflammatory reaction with features characteristic of both bronchial asthma and COPD. Thus, although asthma can usually be differentiated from COPD, in some patients with chronic respiratory symptoms and persistent bronchial obstruction, the differential diagnosis of the two diseases is difficult. To facilitate the differential diagnosis of bronchial asthma and COPD, a questionnaire was proposed for primary care physicians; This questionnaire is based on the characteristics of the clinical manifestations of the two diseases.

Classification of bronchial asthma.

Etiology
Repeated attempts have been made to classify bronchial asthma on the basis of etiology, especially taking into account sensitizing external factors. However, the possibilities of such classification of asthma are limited, since for some patients it is not possible to identify external risk factors. Despite this, the search for external factors in the development of bronchial asthma (for example, occupational bronchial asthma) should be part of the initial diagnosis, since the approach to managing patients and eliminating allergens will depend on its results. Isolation of allergic bronchial asthma is impractical, since the cause of bronchial asthma is rarely a single specific allergen.
The severity of bronchial asthma.
Previous versions of the GINA guidelines proposed a classification of asthma according to severity. Depending on the severity of symptoms, the severity of bronchial obstruction and the variability of lung function indicators, four degrees of severity of bronchial asthma were distinguished: intermittent, mild persistent, moderate persistent asthma, and severe persistent asthma. The classification of bronchial asthma according to severity is advisable to use in the primary diagnosis and choice of initial therapy. However, it is important to understand that the severity of asthma depends not only on the severity of the underlying disease, but also on the response to therapy. Thus, a patient with asthma may present to the doctor with severe symptoms and severe bronchial obstruction, as a result of which he will be diagnosed with severe persistent bronchial asthma; however, in the case of a good response to therapy, subsequently bronchial asthma can be classified as persistent asthma of moderate severity. In addition, the severity of asthma in a particular patient may change over time (after several months or years). With these considerations in mind, the presented classification of asthma by severity, based rather than on research data, but on expert opinion, is no longer recommended for making decisions about current therapy. However, it retains its value as a tool for the cross-sectional assessment of a group of patients with asthma who did not receive ICS, when selected for participation in a clinical trial concerning bronchial asthma.
The main disadvantage of this classification of asthma is that it is difficult to predict the amount of therapy a patient with asthma will need and the patient's response to therapy with it. For this purpose, periodic assessment of the level of control over bronchial asthma is more suitable.
The level of control over bronchial asthma.
Several definitions of asthma control are possible. In general, the term "control" can mean the prevention of asthma or even a complete cure. However, in bronchial asthma, these goals are not yet achievable, and "control" means the elimination of asthma manifestations. Ideally, this should apply not only to the clinical manifestations of asthma, but also to laboratory markers. It is recommended to carry out treatment aimed at achieving control over the clinical manifestations of bronchial asthma, including impaired lung function.

The cost is from 2700 rubles / day.

Description: a relatively young sanatorium in Kislovodsk, which began its work in 2000. It does not have its own large territory, but this is more than compensated by its favorable location with Kurortny Boulevard and the Park. All the necessary infrastructure is located in an 11-storey building. Treatment is carried out in all major areas of the resort. Food according to the "buffet" system. Indoor pool. Children are accepted from the age of 4. It has its own cultural and entertainment center with a bowling alley, a disco bar.

SANATORIUM SUNNY

The cost is from 3100 rubles / day.

Advantages: a modern sanatorium with a powerful medical base and developed infrastructure. Buffet meals, indoor and outdoor pools, sports and fitness complex, cosmetic and SPA services, areas for recreation and entertainment for children. Children are accepted from infancy, treatment is prescribed from the age of 4.

SANATORIUM PLAZA

The cost is from 5200 rubles / day.

Advantages: SPA is a high-class sanatorium that hospitably opened its doors in 2005. The modern medical base in the sanatorium allows you to apply new methods of treatment and recovery. Meals - "Swedish table", indoor pool. Children are accepted from infancy, but treatment is prescribed from the age of 4.

SANATORIUM VILLA ARNEST

The cost is from 3800 rubles / day.

Description: the sanatorium is buried in the greenery of the Kislovodsk park. Distance from the city creates an atmosphere of peace and unity with nature. Consists of the main building and 3 cottages. Pool on open air. Medical nutrition carried out according to the "menu-order" system. Children are accepted from the age of 4. Treatment carried out on respiratory, heart, musculoskeletal, urological and gynecological diseases.

SANATORIUM NARZAN

The cost is from 1955 rubles / day.

Description: The resort is located in the very center of Kurortny Boulevard, next to the narzan gallery and the entrance to the central park. Treatment is carried out in the following areas: diseases of the stomach, nervous system, skin diseases, upper respiratory tract, urological and gynecological diseases. Meals are provided according to the "menu-order" system, 3 meals a day. Children are accepted from the age of 4.

EHF THERAPY

Quite an interesting and effective method of influencing the body with electromagnetic millimeter waves of extremely high frequency (EHF) ...

RESORT KISLOVODSK FOR ASTHMATICS

Federal significance, a unique resort - Kislovodsk, located in a picturesque valley at an altitude of more than 900 m above sea level in the northern foothills of the Caucasus. It is located in the same climatological zone as Italy, Southern France and the Crimean peninsula. From all sides Kislovodsk is surrounded by mountains and hills, which protect the city from gusty and cool winds, providing a characteristic mild microclimate. The perfect climate is temperate continental, there is magnificent clean mountain air, an abundance of warm sunny days, the absence of cold frosts in winter and sweltering heat in summer. Among the picturesque slopes of the mountains surrounding the resort, there are green subalpine landscapes with rare and lush vegetation.

The city is incredibly beautiful, it is simply immersed in the greenery of parks and squares, there are luxurious and beautiful flower beds and flower beds around. Among all the health resorts of the Caucasian region, this resort is popular due to the unique and healing narzan. This type of healing mineral water is useful for metabolic disorders, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, diseases of the nervous system and the cardiovascular system.

SANATORIUMS OF KISLOVODSK FOR ASTHMATICS

For patients suffering from respiratory diseases, all leading domestic and foreign doctors especially recommend the health resorts of Kislovodsk. The unusual and healing climate of the foothills, forests with clean coniferous air and the great experience of doctors with proven methods of treatment - all these are the sanatoriums of the Caucasian Mineral Waters.

Perfect health resorts for the treatment of bronchial asthma attract vacationers with exceptionally green and well-groomed areas with walking paths for therapeutic breathing walking. All boarding houses and sanatoriums usually have large areas of parkland, where gazebos are located for relaxing with magnificent views and landscapes. Here is unusually clean and "delicious" air with aromas of flowers, plants and mountain freshness, you can breathe easily and freely. Growing local flora absolutely does not cause allergic reactions and choking cough.

UNIQUE TREATMENTS FOR BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

Experienced doctors of the local health resorts have developed a whole series of modern complex methods for the treatment of respiratory organs:

Hydroaeronation is a universal procedure, it consists in staying in a special oxygen room (40-50 minutes), it contains the lightest charged ions that have a beneficial effect on human lungs. Usually this method of treatment is combined with medical breathing exercises. Regular use of the unique technique has a positive effect on the patient's condition, improves metabolic processes, effectively restores oxygen starvation. The course of treatment is at least 3 weeks.

Speleotherapy - consists in daily visits to natural karst grottoes and salt caves. Useful natural gas and mineral-rich air have a productive effect on the respiratory system, it is a fairly effective and beneficial procedure for diseased bronchi.

Aerosol therapy and inhalations - bronchodilators, healing narzan and a collection of medicinal herbs are used, which contribute to easy and even breathing.

Electrical stimulation of the diaphragm - modern equipment is used for assisted ventilation of the lungs and diaphragmatic breathing.

Mud therapy sessions - wraps and applications with healing and natural mud compositions are used.

Balneotherapy - regular visits to oxygen-ozone, radon and hydrogen sulfide baths. Natural mineral water of a certain temperature has a positive effect on the receptors of the skin and mucous membranes of the lungs. Penetrating natural radioactive substances actively enter the blood and respiratory mucosa, breathing becomes even and deep.

Acupressure and manual massage, developed according to a special technique to improve breathing.

Wellness sessions of aromatherapy and aerophytotherapy.

A rational and balanced diet with a constant intake of mineral water (Narzan, Essentuki) also has a beneficial effect on the general condition of a patient with bronchial asthma. All general wellness procedures are supervised by experienced doctors and professional medical staff.

SANATORIUM RODNIK

The cost is from 2720 rubles / day.

Description: the sanatorium is a 7-storey building with closed passages to the medical department, dining room. Nutrition diet according to the "menu-order" system. Children The health resort accepts children from the age of 4. Available indoor pool. On a large private territory there are playgrounds for outdoor activities, including a tennis court. Has a great medical base in the areas of treatment of diseases of the digestive system, heart, respiration, eyes, genitourinary and nervous system.

Sanatoriums for asthmatics are an integral part of the rehabilitation program in pulmonology.

Bronchial asthma is the most common and serious disease that can appear in childhood and continue into adulthood, often leading patients to disability, and in some cases to death.

Recent studies indicate that at least 10% of the world's population suffer from bronchial asthma in its various manifestations. Among children, these figures fluctuate around 15% of all reported cases.

Indications for spa treatment

Everyone knows that treatment in sanatoriums serves as a preventive measure for the development of many diseases, including bronchial asthma. A systematic stay in a sanatorium helps to reduce negative manifestations, and in some cases leads to long-term remissions.

Indications for visiting health facilities are:

• remission of an asthmatic disease, when attacks accompanied by suffocation are rarely repeated;

• Boarding houses are recommended for adults and children with respiratory failure not higher than 2 degrees;
• sanatoriums are indicated for hormonal therapy, especially in a child.

It is important to consider that in case of cardiopulmonary insufficiency of the 1st degree, it is preferable to undergo rehabilitation in sanatoriums of the same climatic zone so as not to provoke stressful situations for the body, thereby increasing the symptoms of bronchial asthma.

Contraindications

Despite all the positive aspects, sanatoriums are not indicated for all groups of patients. Resorts are not recommended to visit with the following manifestations:

• severe and frequent asthma attacks, accompanied by suffocation;
• chronic pneumonia disease;
• serious pathologies of the cardiovascular system.

At the moment, you can buy a ticket to any sanatorium in Russia, Belarus and other countries of the near abroad. The most famous is Soligorsk, located in Belarus. However, before choosing Soligorsk in Belarus, you should consult with your doctor. Only a doctor can prescribe certain recreation areas, taking into account the characteristics of the patient's body and the severity of the course of bronchial asthma.

Ways to treat bronchial asthma in resorts

The best health resorts use complex methods for the treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases. The most commonly used methods are:

• Hydroaeroionization - this procedure is universal and consists in the patient visiting a special room saturated with oxygen. In this room there are very light ions that have a beneficial effect on the patient's pulmonary system. As a rule, this method of treatment is combined with breathing exercises. The regularity of such a procedure leads to an improvement in metabolic processes and normalization of blood circulation. The treatment course is no more than 3 weeks with a daily stay in the oxygen room for 45-60 minutes. The most suitable sanatoriums for this procedure are in Kislovodsk.

• Balneotherapy - the use of hydrogen sulfide, radon and oxygen-ozone baths. In this case, the patient is immersed in mineral water with a certain temperature, which has a beneficial effect on skin receptors, as well as on the mucous membranes of the lungs, making breathing deep and even.

• Speleotherapy - involves the patient's stay in natural karst grottoes and salt caves. The natural gases and minerals released at the same time have a productive effect on the respiratory system of patients with bronchial asthma. The most visited sanatorium with salt caves is Soligorsk, located in Belarus.

• Diaphragmatic stimulation - involves additional participation in the breathing process of modern equipment, activating the activity of the respiratory muscles.

• Mud baths - the composition of therapeutic mud contains a rich complex of mineral and vitamin supplements, which, when wrapped and mud baths, improve breathing and enhance metabolic processes.

• Aromatherapy, aerophytotherapy and therapeutic massage - the complex use of these procedures has a positive effect on the general condition of the patient.

In addition, it is important to consider that proper nutrition, which is combined with the use of mineral water, is of great importance. All recommended procedures are performed under the supervision of highly qualified medical specialists.

List of the best resorts

Patients with pulmonary and bronchial diseases, when choosing a resort for treatment and recreation, should be guided by their own condition, although price and service are of no small importance.

It is important (especially for the elderly and children) to choose health resorts in the climatic zone of Russia and other countries that are most suitable for the area of ​​residence. In this case, the body will quickly rebuild and it will not take much time for the adaptation period, which negatively affects the immune system, weakening the patient.

The following resorts are most in demand by patients with asthmatic diseases:

Crimea

Ai-Petri, Yasnaya Polyana, Foros, Miskhor, Pine Grove

Boarding houses in the Crimea are among the most popular. Climatic conditions in the Crimea are the most suitable for the treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases. Many asthmatics prefer to be treated at the Sosnovaya Polyana boarding house. This hospital in the Crimea is surrounded by a pine forest. The Black Sea is close enough to the place where the sanatorium is located. It is appreciated by asthmatics due to the presence of its own inhaler, which is equipped with German equipment and a physiotherapy room.

The sanatorium "Ai-Petri" in the Crimea has proven itself well. He specializes specifically in bronchial patients who can take advantage of all the necessary procedures. This hospital in the Crimea actively practices singlet-oxygen therapeutic procedures, nebulizers and a salt room.

Moscow region

Zarya, Vyatichi, Buran, Bor, Vatutinki, Zagorskie Dali, Valuevo.

Sanatorium-resort treatment in the Moscow region is aimed at combating broncho-pulmonary diseases. For example, the Vatutinki hospital performs a full-fledged therapeutic load and additional rehabilitation measures. The natural and favorable atmosphere of sanatoriums in the Moscow region, as well as clean air, has a positive effect on the patient's neuropsychic state, which is especially necessary for this category of patients.

The treatment of bronchial asthma in the Moscow region involves many different methods, among which the main place is occupied by inhalation therapy.

The advantage of this method is that all categories of patients can use it. Therefore, treatment in the Moscow region is recommended for adults, and especially for children and the elderly.

Kislovodsk

"Spring", "Victoria", "Essentuki", "Narzan", "Centrosoyuz", "Moscow".

Sanatoriums in Kislovodsk are famous, first of all, for their nature and favorable climate of the northern foothills of the Caucasus.

Among the health resorts in Kislovodsk, the most visited hospital is Essentuki, famous for its healing narzans. As a rule, it is recommended for asthmatics to rest in Kislovodsk, where clean air and mild climate make it possible to carry out all the recommended therapeutic measures.

Hospital "Rodnik" in Kislovodsk for patients with bronchial asthma, the main focus is breathing exercises together with sports activities. Therefore, all boarding houses are equipped with the most modern sports equipment and swimming pools. It is quite natural that the main focus of the treatment of patients with bronchial diseases falls on unusually clean air.

Belarus(Soligorsk)

One of the effective ways to combat asthma is speleotherapy. In Belarus, not far from Minsk, the city of Soligorsk is located, where the largest natural salt deposit is located. Therefore, it is quite clear that it is in Belarus that there is a hospital (Soligorsk) that practices speleotherapy. Soligorsk is the only resort in the CIS countries with equipped medical buildings in tunnels.

Salihorsk is unique in its combination of red and white salts, the effect of which can immediately dilute sputum, providing anti-allergic and antibacterial effects. In addition, artificially created caves are popular in Belarus. Thanks to these unique properties, hospitals in Belarus are known throughout the world. Soligorsk is visited by patients from all countries, including Western Europe and the USA.

It is important to note that Soligorsk in Belarus is not just a sanatorium or resort. It is a full-fledged hospital for the treatment of respiratory system problems with highly qualified medical staff. On all sides, the hospital is surrounded by coniferous forests, which gives an additional advantage to patients and the opportunity to breathe clean air.

Children's sanatoriums of Anapa

"Small Bay" "Brigantine" "Anapa"

Particular attention should be paid to small patients with impaired respiratory activity. The most suitable for the treatment of children is the hospital, with the appropriate name, located in Anapa.

Asthma is a serious disease that significantly reduces the quality of life. In addition to drug treatment, climate, therapeutic procedures, daily routine, and a balanced diet help alleviate the patient's condition. Therefore, people who care about their health are considering vacation options at the resort.

The treatment of asthma in a sanatorium is of great importance. It allows you to remove unpleasant symptoms and improve the body.

Marianske Lazne (Czech Republic)

Beloved by many, the Czech resort is distinguished by its mild climate, picturesque countryside, and the presence of mineral water springs. The sanatoriums that are located here have an excellent medical base. One of their specializations is the treatment of respiratory organs, including bronchial asthma. Patients are prescribed inhalations with mineral water. The Forest Spring is best suited for this purpose.

As a result, inflammatory processes subside, sputum comes off easier, the work of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract normalizes. Most often, additional mineral salts and herbal decoctions are added to the healing water. Oxygen inhalations reduce hypoxia, people begin to feel better. Patients are taught the techniques of breathing exercises, due to which blood circulation in the lungs increases, their ventilation increases. Useful for asthmatics and staying in a salt cave. Pathogenic microbes die, it becomes easier to cough up.

Konstantinovy ​​Lazne (Czech Republic)

Although the main specialization of the sanatoriums located in the Czech city of Konstantinovy ​​Lazne is the treatment of diseases of the cardiovascular system, rest here will also be useful for asthmatics. A favorable mild climate, a large number of sunny days, fresh air and mineral waters contribute to the healing of the body.

A feature of the resort is that patients here are under the supervision of medical staff around the clock, and can always count on qualified assistance. In addition, additional diagnostics using modern equipment is possible here. Dozens of types of analyzes are also performed here. The fundamental method of treatment for people suffering from bronchial asthma is breathing exercises.

Patients are also prescribed carbonic baths. Thanks to them, the vessels expand, pressure decreases, blood flow normalizes, more oxygen enters the blood. All patients are engaged in exercise therapy, swim in the pool. Many are prescribed Nordic walking. All this strengthens the heart, reduces shortness of breath, and normalizes metabolic processes. The flat climate, the absence of both intense heat and pronounced frosts, allow even elderly and weakened people to take long walks.

Druskininkai (Lithuania)

A popular resort in Lithuania accepts patients with bronchial asthma for treatment. Sanatoriums are located in an ecologically clean area and are equipped with modern equipment. Patients are prescribed hydrotherapy, which includes a course of taking mineral water, as well as numerous water procedures.

Local healing water improves metabolism, saturates the body with potassium and magnesium. Sanatoriums provide dietary nutrition that does not irritate the gastrointestinal tract, helps to achieve normal weight, and at the same time provides a person with the right amount of calories. Water treatments include baths, showers, underwater massages. Thanks to them, the blood vessels expand. It has a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system and respiratory organs - mud therapy.

The resort uses both peat and white mud. They improve capillary blood flow and help lower cholesterol levels and electroprocedures. Physiotherapy strengthens the heart, the lungs begin to work better. The resort has been around for many years, the treatment method here was developed back in Soviet times and gives very good results.

Birstonas (Lithuania)

The multi-profile resort of Lithuania is surrounded by forests, which makes the air here especially clean. In sanatoriums, doctors prescribe a large list of procedures to patients. Moreover, it is worth noting a successful combination: local mineral water and clay are used, the healing properties of which have been noticed for a long time, and modern, first-class equipment is used.

We can only say that almost all patients are prescribed exercise therapy (including exercises in the water), various types of massage, mineral water intake, and a visit to a salt cave. As for the rest of the procedures - over 100 of them are provided here - they are prescribed by the attending physician. Depression is often a companion of serious illnesses. In this case, an experienced psychotherapist works with patients.

Abano Terme (Italy)

The famous Italian resort accepts patients with bronchial asthma - both adults and children. They are prescribed inhalations using thermal water. As a result, the swelling of the mucous membranes decreases, sputum liquefies and comes out easier, the bronchi begin to work more actively, breathing becomes free. After relaxing in the local sanatoriums, people get less colds, which is very important for asthmatics.

Also, patients are prescribed mud in the form of applications - thanks to them, breathing reaches a normal frequency, the respiratory volume of the lungs increases. Staying in thermal grottoes also brings great benefits. It is like being in a sauna. Such a kind of inhalation helps to subside inflammatory processes, patients expectorate mucus, which has long accumulated in the bronchi. Treatment in the sanatoriums of this resort gives a great effect. Even patients with severe asthma begin to feel much better.

Montecatini Terme (Italy)

The Italian balneological resort is known all over the world. The local mineral water is saturated with the substances necessary for a person - bromine, calcium, potassium, iodine, magnesium. Patients are prescribed a course of water intake according to a certain scheme, as well as healing baths and mud. Respiratory organs are treated with the help of inhalations, while using water from the famous Leopoldina spring.

The airways are cleared, mucus easily leaves, inflammation subsides. Metabolic processes in the body improve, immunity increases. Italian doctors have extensive experience, and the warm climate and clean air contribute to the healing process. It is worth noting only that the treatment should last at least several weeks, otherwise, it will not give the desired effect.

Jurmala (Latvia)

A versatile and very popular resort. In the hours free from treatment, you can see numerous local attractions, attend concerts of famous performers, which take place here regularly. The clean local air is especially favorable for asthmatics, as it is saturated with the smells of the sea and pine forests. Mineral water is used for treatment (there are several springs with different chemical composition). Water is drunk, used for baths and inhalations. It is also pleasant that here you do not need to go to the sources, as is most often the case in resorts.

Water is supplied directly to the resort. In some cases, it allows you to replace drug treatment. Mud applications and baths are also prescribed to patients. For asthmatics, inhalations in combination with climate therapy are especially useful. This not only alleviates the symptoms of the disease, avoids attacks, but also heals the body as a whole, helps to strengthen the immune system. Also, patients are prescribed a special diet, physiotherapy is prescribed.

Zheleznovodsk (Russia)

The resorts of the KMV, in particular Zheleznovodsk, have enjoyed good fame for more than a century. It accepts not only adults, but also children with bronchial asthma. Regular treatment helps prevent relapses, reduce swelling of the bronchial mucosa, and get rid of inflammatory processes. The treatment program is compiled individually for each patient.

Therapeutic breathing exercises, inhalations using mineral water, aerophytotherapy, breathing training with the help of special devices are of great benefit. All this, combined with the healing climate of Stavropol, has an exceptionally beneficial effect. The standard treatment period is 21 days. The time can be reduced to 2 weeks, but less treatment is undesirable: the desired effect will not be achieved. Leisure hours can be devoted to exploring the numerous sights of the Caucasian Mineral Waters.

Crimea (Russia)

Crimea is not called a "health resort" for nothing. Clean air is saturated with iodine and bromine, the smell of pine needles and herbs. Patients with respiratory diseases feel especially good in sanatoriums located on the peninsula. This has been known since the 19th century. Asthma is treated comprehensively here, and already in the first days, patients begin to feel an improvement in their condition. They are prescribed air baths and sleep in the fresh air, walks along special routes, where the ascents alternate with descents, sea bathing (in winter, swimming in indoor pools with sea water is supposed).

Treatment in heliochambers is also widespread, where patients inhale an aerosol saturated with salts. Local mineral water and mud are used, which are mined near the town of Saki. The favorable climate and vast experience of doctors allow us to achieve impressive results. Sanatoriums of Crimea are comfortable and receive patients, including children, throughout the year.

Indications for the treatment of bronchial asthma in a sanatorium

It is much easier to endure such a serious disease as asthma if you apply not only medication, but also regularly travel to sanatoriums. Spas have helped patients since time immemorial, when effective pills and injections simply did not exist! But the sick traveled - on their own or together with their loved ones - to those lands whose climate was considered fertile. And recovered, or began to feel much better.

Now that the possibilities of physicians have expanded, complex sanatorium treatment allows patients with bronchial asthma to achieve stable remission.

The main indications for purchasing a ticket are:

1. Established diagnosis of "bronchial asthma", and the disease should not be in the acute stage.
2. Respiratory failure.
3. Cases when patients are prescribed hormonal therapy.

It is especially worth noting: if the patient suffers from significant heart or pulmonary insufficiency, he is shown treatment in sanatoriums that are located in his usual climate. This is necessary so that the body does not waste energy on acclimatization.

The timing of treatment also matters. In spring and early summer, when trees, shrubs and grasses are in bloom, going out into nature can be unfavorable for those who suffer from allergies. If you have an atopic form of the disease, you do not need to come to the resort during the hot season, it is better to postpone the treatment for autumn. Remember that the best air for asthmatics is mountain, sea or forest air.

How and what is bronchial asthma treated in sanatoriums

Sanatoriums where patients with bronchial asthma are admitted for treatment are located in favorable climatic zones. Clean air, the presence in the vicinity of the sea, mountains, coniferous forests - favorably affect the condition of asthmatics. Already in the first days of treatment, it becomes better for those who are forced to live in environmentally "dirty" cities, work with harmful chemical materials.

Hydroaeroionization is widely used in resorts - when the patient inhales air saturated with oxygen. This method of treatment is especially effective in combination with breathing exercises. The course is 21 days. Water procedures include taking various baths. Breathing calms down, the lungs begin to work better. There are salt caves in every resort for asthmatics. Patients breathe air saturated with minerals, which reduces swelling of the mucous membranes and contributes to the normal functioning of the bronchi.

Therapeutic mud saturates the body with the necessary substances, as a result of which breathing becomes freer, metabolic processes return to normal. Also, asthma patients are prescribed inhalations, massages, aromatherapy, various physiotherapy procedures. Additional elements of treatment are diet and a course of mineral water.

Contraindications to treatment in sanatoriums

Sanatorium-resort treatment has a number of contraindications. The most common of them are:

1. Acute diseases, including exacerbation of chronic diseases.
2. active stage of tuberculosis.
3. Diseases of the heart and blood, which can be life-threatening.
4. Malignant tumors.
5. Jaundice and other infectious diseases.
6. Pregnancy, if a sharp change in climate is expected.
7. Bleeding.
8. Initial recovery period after operations.
9. Conditions when the patient cannot serve himself, and intends to go to the resort without an escort.

In addition, already in the sanatorium, the doctor may refuse to prescribe certain procedures if the patient has contraindications directly for their passage.

Documents required for the passage of sanatorium-resort treatment

Before going to the resort, the patient needs to issue a SCC - a sanatorium-resort card. This usually requires visiting your local doctor at the clinic and getting the necessary referrals from him. Pass a fluorography, if you haven’t done it for a long time, take blood and urine tests, take a cardiogram, women need to get a “go-ahead” from a gynecologist. In some cases, you may be referred to narrow specialists. In conclusion, the doctor will issue a CCM.

You can get a CCM in a private medical center, and even directly at the resort. But in the latter case, you risk, since you will have to give up the ticket if the doctors of the sanatorium find contraindications for treatment in you. In addition, you will need a passport and a medical policy. If you are going to be treated in another country - then all the documents necessary for traveling abroad.

Bronchial asthma - symptoms

Bronchial asthma can begin at any age - that is, it affects both adults and children. At the very beginning, the patient feels shortness of breath, a feeling of congestion in the chest, the breathing process is difficult - especially exhalation. Later coughing joins. At first it is dry, then transparent sputum begins to separate. Often the patient feels the symptoms of allergies - sneezes, he develops urticaria.

At this stage, it is important to consult a doctor in order to start treatment on time. Without it, the symptoms may temporarily recede, but the disease will not disappear, it will become chronic. Chronic relapses will occur, the state of health will worsen. There will be such changes in the airways that a complete cure will no longer be possible.

The patient will begin to feel constant weakness, the heart will work in a rapid rhythm (tachycardia). The resting heart rate will not drop below 90 beats, but more often it will rise to 140 and above. Frequent attacks of suffocation, wheezing, chest pains, dizziness, feeling short of breath - all this is characteristic of asthma. In a severe course of the disease, cyanosis of the skin is noted, an increase in the heart and chest occurs, breathing weakens. The patient becomes unable to live a normal life.

Thus, asthma is a serious disease, and spa treatment is the best way to avoid deterioration and recurrence of the disease.