Acute intestinal infection in a child. Intestinal infection in children, its symptoms and treatment

The child complains of abdominal pain, is lethargic, inactive, suffers from nausea and frequent bowel movements. These are suspicious symptoms. Ring the bells - a possibility has arisen.

Adults and children are affected by the disease. Intestinal infection in children it is caused by bacteria that, when ingested, infect the esophagus and lead to intoxication in the body. Intoxication is characterized by poisoning of the body, leading to weakening. A child’s intestines are weaker than an adult’s and require urgent treatment.

Find out the symptoms of intestinal infection in children. The symptoms directly depend on the sources that led to the child’s infection. Options: dysentery, escherichiosis, salmonellosis, rotavirus.

Dysentery – infection lasts up to 7 days. The characteristics of the disease are diarrheal syndrome with an acute onset, pronounced stool, pus, and blood.
Escherichiosis - lasts 5 days. Characterized by fever due to intestinal intoxication, cough in sputum, vomiting, loose stools, pain in the lower abdomen. The condition is noticeably worsening.
Salmonellosis lasts up to 2 weeks. The disease is accompanied by vomiting, pain in the stomach, liver, spleen and other organs located in the center.
Rotavirus – duration 5-7 days. The first signs are vomiting, fever, intoxication. Rotavirus includes varieties: groups A, B and C.

Treatment of intestinal infection in children

It is important for people with dysentery to undergo a course of therapy of up to a week. Ideally, patients adhere to bed rest, exercise physical therapy. Eat right and your body will recover. Eat light meals - soup, porridge, boiled chicken. Don’t forget about recovery pills; take Fthalazol 4-5 times a day before meals (up to a week).

With Escherichiosis, it is not permissible to indulge in self-medication at home. You need to go to the hospital. If you decide to treat yourself, choose a course lasting up to a week. If you are being treated with antibiotics, use Levomycetin. Use 0.5 grams 4 times a day half an hour before meals. In severe cases, the dose is increased to 1 gram at a time.

Rotavirus

The child’s lethargy during the day, low appetite, abdominal pain, nausea - you may not suspect it, but the baby may be sick with rotavirus. It is necessary to find out the symptoms and treatment methods in children.

The beginning is banal - sore throat, cough, signs of inflammation of the stomach, loose stool.
The baby complains of pain in gastrointestinal tract- the first signal about the development of the disease.
The child looks tired, sleepy, refuses to eat, and holds his stomach - a sign of rotavirus.

Take a course of medications. For the first type, Loperamide tablets are suitable. They will help straighten the stool by reducing the frequency and volume. The second type is better off taking Acipol - it digests food and helps absorb vitamins in the body. The third type is suitable for antigen. Helps intestinal function, immune system fight different types bacteria.

In the external environment, children come into contact with other children every day. You cannot prevent communication. Frequent preventative measures will not be superfluous. If you notice signs of infection in your child, give Phosphalugel - it will help cope with the infection and prevent it.

Rotavirus is divided into types. There are 9 of them, the first three types are more common: A, B, C. The causative agent in children is group A rotavirus. It is transmitted through things, objects, and food. More often appears in autumn and winter. Infection ranks 2nd after ARVI. The virus recedes after 2-3 weeks, the mucous membrane will finally restore its functioning after 8 weeks.

Treatment of rotavirus

Stick to a strict diet until full recovery body. Eliminate dairy products, juices, drinks. Don't forget to take pills to improve bowel function. You can take Cefriaxon. Blocks the bacterial process leading to the death of unnecessary microorganisms. If the disease is not treated, the gastroenteric process will progress to the point of no return.

At rotavirus infection It is better to undergo prevention - it starts like a mild cold - than to treat the disease later.

Make sure children wash their hands. 90% of infections occur due to dirty hands, which children inevitably put into their mouths.
Visit your pediatrician regularly.
Get vaccinated. Injections are given to children up to one year old or at one year old - no later. Vaccination is an excellent way to protect yourself and helps prevent disease. Not recommended for children with allergic reactions. The reason is the risk of anaphylactic shock. It will be more difficult to save a child than from rotavirus infection.

With rotavirus, proper care and appropriate treatment are important. After complete recovery, the disease has no consequences. The main thing is to prevent the disease in time and treat it correctly. Aminocaproic acid is used for rotavirus infection.

After rotavirus, problems with the stomach and intestines may occur. Negative consequence– decreased production of esophageal enzymes. It is better not to joke with rotavirus infection - it leads to a slowdown in digestive functions, deterioration in food intake, and the death of a species of bifidobacterium. The process of fermentation and putrefaction takes place in the intestines.

White stool after rotavirus infection

After infection white feces- an unsurprising consequence. Gastroenteritis, gastric and stomach flu, weakening immune system. Gastroenteritis is caused by E. coli and other viruses.

The appearance of white feces is caused by harmful bacteria remaining in the body. It is impossible to remove them immediately. They make light stool until the bacteria are completely eliminated. Take probiotics right away - they will return stool natural color, will improve intestinal function.

If you have started treatment, do not stop - inaction is fatal. How long to treat to achieve full recovery? The exacerbation period lasts up to 5 days. It takes two to three months for complete recovery. It is recommended to take Creon. Improves digestion and helps the body fight harmful bacteria.

If your child constantly sleeps after rotavirus, do not worry - the body has suffered stress and it takes time to recover. A month and a half will pass and the child will return to an active life.

Signs of intestinal infection in a child

The disease can be recognized by intoxication of the body, temperature, headaches, mucous discharge with pus and blood. There are:

Viral – mild symptoms. Characteristic headache, fever, weakness, mild diarrhea (without blood, mucus, pus).
Intestinal – the infection is more complicated. Characterized by vomiting, pain in the center of the abdomen, diarrhea (with mucus, pus, blood), poor health, and loss of fluid. If there is an infection, the child will be weak and lethargic.

More often, a baby becomes infected through water, food, unwashed hands, dirty toys, and contact with children. A child with a weak immune system is susceptible to infection. The disease manifests itself in summer, autumn period when there are many factors for infection. Parents must protect the child, carefully monitor his actions so as not to delay dirty hands in the mouth, before eating, I washed my hands and the food I was going to eat.

Acute intestinal infections in children

Infection is in 2nd place after the respiratory type. Causes:

Failure of a child to comply with personal hygiene rules.
Eating dirty, unwashed foods.
Products produced by cattle.
Inadequate sanitary conditions.
Stopping breastfeeding at an early age.
Bacteria that are pathogens.

Acute intestinal infection in children depends on the pathogens, the method of intestinal damage, quantitative composition toxins, the entry of bacterial substances into the blood. Symptoms in a child: weakness, lethargy, abdominal pain, fever.

The digestive tract consists of duodenum. Through oral cavity harmful elements enter the intestine. Saliva serves protective barrier, separating useful material from the bad ones. But functioning is not enough to prevent a negative process. Parents need to supervise their children. If you see manifestations of the disease in a child, immediately give Ceftriaxone tablets. If medications don't help, call a doctor and get treatment in the hospital.

Don't forget about simple prevention. Maintain hygiene, store, process, and consume food correctly.

After an intestinal infection, complications are allowed, accompanied by shortness of breath, renal failure. Urine is retained in the body, which contributes to poor functioning of organs.

Cold treatments affect infections. Give your child an enema and the problem will go away. For the effectiveness of treatment, it is recommended to use the drug Remantadine. The structure of the medicine helps to restore the body faster. The drug is recommended for prevention. If you use Remantadine for early stage, the disease may not manifest itself.

How long does it take to treat an intestinal infection?

The exacerbation passes within 3-4 days. The infection is completely eliminated from the body in a month or two. Proper treatment is necessary, following the recommendations:

Maintain personal hygiene.
Consume copious amount water – 2 liters per day.
Rinse vegetables and fruits before eating.
Eat right:

Breakfast: rice or semolina porridge (with water), tea with crackers.
Second breakfast: compote or jelly with crackers.
Lunch: low-fat soup, boiled meat.
Afternoon snack: jelly or a glass of rosehip decoction.
Dinner: oatmeal with water, steamed cutlet, compote.

Anti-epidemic measures in the outbreak:

Hospitalization;
Burial;
Insulation;
Disinfection;
Prevention.

Concept of wound infections

Infection occurs when germs enter a wound. The wound becomes inflamed and pus forms with a rash. The body is able to fight infections on its own. IN mild form wounds with further sterilization of the wound, the bacteria do not form pus.

The occurrence of infection depends on established factors. Microbes settle in their usual habitat. If a child gets an infection, it means he did not adhere to the rules of personal hygiene, and you did not sterilize the wound correctly. The issue may be weak immunity baby. It is advisable to periodically strengthen the immune system. Vitamins will help the child - in a couple of weeks the immune system will become stronger.

If your hand accidentally gets into water or dirt, infection is guaranteed. A fungus or rod will be found under a microscope. The worst thing is the risk of contracting tetanus when acute form. The disease affects the nervous system, disrupts the functioning of the heart and breathing, and the medical history can end sadly. Take tetanus pills and try to prevent it from appearing in the future.

Treatment of intestinal infection

Children from .
Infants.
Children with digestive problems.
Children with typhus.
Children with cholera.

The child must have a diet. Infants are given non-calorie formulas. For older children, puree, vegetables (pumpkin, carrots), crackers, vegetable soup, porridge, boiled meat, yogurt, cottage cheese, kefir, fruits (apples, bananas, pears, lemon) and drink plenty of water.

Drink more fluids - it helps remove unnecessary substances from the body. At feeling unwell It is advisable to use potassium permanganate. At increased loss It is recommended to drink 2 liters of water per day. If water does not help cleanse the body, use an enema. If it doesn't help, go to the hospital immediately.

How to treat an intestinal infection:

Rehydration therapy. Used when acute stage dehydration. If there are no signs, do not delay prevention. Children under 2 years old can drink 100 ml. water, over 2 – 200 ml.
Antibacterial therapy. Designed for infants. Treat folk remedies, rub with herbs, give tinctures.
Assistive therapy. Normalizes the microflora of bacteria. It is recommended to use Bifidumbacterin.
Diet therapy is the child’s compliance with nutrition.

Nursing process for intestinal infections

Nursing process is a term in medicine aimed at helping the patient. The process is called nursing care.

examination;
diagnostics;
intervention planning;
intervention;
degree of achievement, result.

Nurses care for patients, help, monitor, and fill out sick leave. More exposed to infection. To prevent infection, patients are isolated. The ward is disinfected daily, the staff goes to gauze bandages, protective clothing is used, equipment is sterilized.

In case of medical damage (skin, mucous membranes), the nurse provides assistance and informs the older nurse and the manager. For prevention, the employee observes precautionary measures. The main thing is to wear individual gloves.

The nurse makes sure that patients with symptoms of an intestinal infection and those recovering do not end up in the same room. People suffering from intestinal infections develop psychosomatic symptoms and bleeding. The patient becomes agitated and anxious. The phenomenon is similar to delusion combined with hallucinations. The differences between delusions and hallucinations: in the first case, a person lies calmly and talks in an unconscious state, in the second, visions come to him, the patient becomes insane. If a relapse occurs, the patient is brought to life with the help of narcotic drugs.

If after 6 hours the viral infection does not stop, turning into bleeding, the patient does not eat, does not drink, does not move, he is given a transfusion. If there are no complications, sitting is allowed after 10 days, and walking after 15 days. The patient can be completely cured within a month. During this time, bed rest is observed.

For a long time after cleaning and transfusion, the patient complains of lack of appetite. In a week he will be able to eat normally. Stick to it for a month special diet– light soups and porridges are recommended.

If the regime is violated, the child’s condition worsens and there is a risk fatal outcome. If you follow the tips listed above, you can be cured and protect your baby from the problem.

Intestinal infection in children is one of the most common groups of diseases.

After all, it is children who most often neglect hygiene standards, and their immature immunity is not able to repel bacteria and viruses.

Intestinal infection is a disease characterized by disruption of the gastrointestinal tract and general intoxication of the body. The causative agent of the disease, entering the human body most often through fecal-oral or by airborne droplets, begins to multiply in the intestines, causing inflammation and interruptions in its functioning. Hence typical manifestations such infections: diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain.

Classification of intestinal infections

Bacterial intestinal infection is characterized by a severe course of the disease and is characterized by: heat, nausea, vomiting, severe diarrhea and, as a result, dehydration.

Viral is usually caused by rotaviruses and enteroviruses and is much more common, because it is transmitted by airborne droplets, and the patient releases the virus for another 2-4 weeks after recovery. Despite this, viral infections They are much easier to treat, have less severe symptoms and are less dangerous for the child.

Protozoal intestinal infection occurs much less frequently in children, since infection occurs when drinking water from reservoirs or very dirty vegetables and fruits, but its course can be longer than bacterial and viral ones, up to chronic forms.

It is noteworthy that the disease is seasonal: in the summer, children are most often susceptible to bacterial infections, since in the heat microorganisms multiply especially quickly in some products. In winter, children are most susceptible to rotavirus and enterovirus infections. indoors kindergartens and schools.

Pathogens and clinical manifestations in children

The causes of intestinal infections in children are varied. Once entering the body, infectious agents actively multiply in a favorable environment, causing inflammation of the cells of the intestinal mucosa. As a result, diarrhea occurs - the main symptom of intestinal infection in children. Other manifestations of the disease are vomiting, abdominal pain, nausea, fever, general weakness- are not obligatory symptoms of the disease.

Dysentery, or shigellosis, is most common among children bacterial infection, which manifests itself sharp increase temperature, frequent stools with mucus or pus (from 4 to 20 times a day), tenesmus, antispasmodic pain in iliac region, as well as intoxication and weakness. How younger child, the stronger the intoxication of the body manifests itself.

Salmonellosis most often has a gastrointestinal form with low temperature, loose and profuse stools. Influenza-like, septic and typhus-like forms are also isolated. Flu-like is manifested by rhinitis, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, typhoid - by a long period of fever. The septic form of salmonellosis occurs in newborns, premature babies and children under one year old and is accompanied by the appearance of purulent foci throughout the body and is extremely difficult.

Escherechiasis develops as a result of infection with an enteroinvasive, enterotoxigenic or enteropathogenic bacillus. This disease is characterized by fever, weakness, lethargy, regurgitation, flatulence, watery diarrhea, possibly even bloody. Children under 2 years of age are more often infected with the enteropathogenic eschecheriasis bacillus, and the disease is severe.

Yersiniosis is most often infected from animals. The manifestation of the disease begins with an increase in temperature. There are localized and generalized forms of the disease. Localized is manifested by loose, foul-smelling stool, gas formation in the intestines and the presence of first white and then crimson coating on the tongue. The generalized form is notable for a rash, damage to the liver, spleen, and enlarged lymph nodes.

Staphylococcal infection can be primary when consuming contaminated food or secondary when the infection spreads from other sites in the body.

The disease is manifested by frequent bowel movements, intoxication, and in case of secondary infection it occurs simultaneously with the main disease: sore throat, pneumonia, etc.

Rotavirus intestinal infection in children begins acutely, often with an increase in body temperature, followed by vomiting and diarrhea. It is the most common among children.

Adults get it much less often, because after one past illness immunity to a specific virus is formed. The disease may also be accompanied by rhinitis, sore throat, cough and conjunctivitis.

Enterovirus infection in a child occurs mainly in infancy. Clinical manifestations depend on the location: sore throat, myalgia, conjunctivitis, myositis, meningitis. In the gastrointestinal form, the disease occurs in the form of enteritis.

Manifestations of the disease in children

First of all, it should be noted that intestinal infections in infants are most often accompanied by a violation of the general condition and dehydration. Therefore, it is advisable to treat them in a hospital setting.

Since the group of diseases is accompanied by damage to the intestines, then general symptoms intestinal infections in children can be grouped and designated as characteristic:

diarrhea;
vomit;
temperature;
nausea;
flatulence;
lack of appetite;
pain and cramps in the abdomen;
general weakness;
dehydration.

The main symptom is diarrhea, which causes severe dehydration. If an intestinal infection is diagnosed in an infant, it is necessary to especially carefully monitor signs of dehydration:

dry mouth;
decreased frequency or absence of urination;
sunken eyes or fontanel;
dryness skin.

Diagnostics

Assume the disease based on examination and clinical manifestations maybe a pediatrician or an infectious disease doctor. But determining the type of infection and choosing the right treatment is possible only after identifying the pathogen.

According to statistics, acute intestinal infections in children are caused by rotaviruses in 80% of cases. Today, many pharmacies can offer a test for determining rotavirus, which greatly simplifies diagnosis and treatment.

At bacterial etiology diseases, the main method for diagnosing diseases in children is bacteriological examination. Also used in some cases linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), determination of antibody titer. A scatological examination can help determine the affected area of the gastrointestinal tract.

When diagnosing ACI in children, it is important to exclude diseases such as acute appendicitis, lactase deficiency, pancreatitis and others. Therefore, during hospitalization, an examination is carried out by a pediatric surgeon, gastroenterologist, and in some cases, ultrasound diagnostics are prescribed.

Intestinal diseases in children are manifested primarily by vomiting or diarrhea. This is exactly how it manifests itself defensive reaction body. If you know that the child has eaten something that can cause poisoning or infection, you need to induce vomiting and give a cleansing enema.

Parents should not forget that children have a much lower supply of fluid and salts in the body than an adult, therefore, when treating intestinal infections, first of all, it is necessary to provide the child with fluid, preferably mineralized.

Treatment

Treatment of acute intestinal infection in children involves the use of comprehensive measures.

Because it is necessary:

ease bowel function;
remove intoxication;
neutralize the pathogen;
relieve symptoms of the disease.

You can ease intestinal function by following a special diet using enzymes (for children over 3 years old).

When an intestinal infection is diagnosed in children under one year of age, fermented milk mixtures, mixtures with bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, as well as low-lactose and lactose-free mixtures are introduced into the diet.

It is advisable to puree food and not consume dairy products, vegetables and berries, or bread in the first days of illness.

Before production accurate diagnosis it is necessary to relieve intoxication and replenish fluid loss using oral rehydration drugs. If there are no such drugs, you can use decoctions of dried fruits or green tea. In extreme cases, ordinary mineral water without gas will do.

For optimal recovery balance of salts and water, the temperature of the liquid should be as close as possible to body temperature. Only in this case does the absorption of liquid occur as quickly as possible.

Children should be given liquids often, but in small portions of a few milliliters every 5-10 minutes. When treating intestinal infections in newborns, it is recommended to infusion therapy(intravenous fluid infusion) in the hospital.

To relieve intoxication, any pharmacy can offer a lot of enterosorbents in the form of tablets, suspensions and powders.

The use of drugs to reduce the number of bacteria, viruses and their metabolic products - toxins - is called etiotropic therapy.

This stage of treatment involves the use of antibiotics, bacteriophages, sorbents, immunoglobulins, lactoglobulins. Today, new drugs have been developed - eubiotics, which allow you to get rid of pathogenic bacteria without disturbing the intestinal microflora, as antibiotics do.

Unpleasant symptoms of the disease: cramps and abdominal pain are relieved with antispasmodics (drotaverine, papaverine), and the use antidiarrheal drugs and antiemetics is agreed with the doctor, since there are strict age restrictions when using these medications.

Nutrition for intestinal infections

The first rule: feed the child as desired in the first few days of illness and in small portions.

Children infancy when infected with an infection, it is advisable to switch to food exclusively breast milk in small portions, additionally supplement with prepared water-salt solutions. Children on artificial feeding The use of low-lactose or lactose-free mixtures is recommended.

For children under one year of age who are on complementary foods, it is recommended to reduce food intake in the first days of illness. First, dairy-free porridge is introduced: rice or buckwheat. Then, if the dynamics are positive, you can add low-fat cottage cheese, dairy products, pureed meat or fish low-fat varieties, as well as berry or fruit puree in small quantities. Among vegetables, Brussels sprouts or cauliflower are the most suitable for the diet.

Also very useful in recovery period fruit jelly, oatmeal, biscuits.

Depending on the age of the child, after a week you can return to your usual foods, with the exception of fatty, fried and confectionery products.

During the recovery period, the diet is cut by 30-50%, so it is necessary to organize a gradual increase in food volumes.

Very important factor recovery is drinking regime: in the first days of the disease, the child needs to consume fluids of at least 100 ml per 1 kg of weight.

Preventive measures

The main cause of intestinal infection in children is still violations of hygiene rules and pollution of water bodies. Insects (most often flies) can also be carriers of pathogens. Therefore, the prevention of acute intestinal infections in children lies precisely in observing hygiene standards.

Prevention of intestinal infections in children in the first years of life involves keeping bottles, pacifiers and toys clean. Outdoors you should only use toys that can be treated antiseptic solutions. Bottles and utensils must be washed thoroughly.

Food products must be stored according to the conditions indicated on the packages, especially dairy and meat products. Vegetables and fruits should be washed well with water. All food and water for children must undergo sufficient heat treatment.

If someone in the house is sick, it is necessary to isolate him, if possible, or at least allocate separate dishes and a place for storing them in order to avoid infecting others.

Intestinal infection in children is very unpleasant and dangerous disease Therefore, at the slightest suspicion, you must stop visiting the kindergarten or school to avoid the spread of infection (especially rotavirus).

Acute intestinal disorder is a disease that is most common in children. It may be accompanied not only by loose stools, but also by vomiting, weakness, and high fever. The most common causes of intestinal diseases are non-compliance with hygiene standards, incorrect conditions food storage, poorly washed vegetables and fruits and even flying flies. The causative agents of diseases can be various viruses, pathogens and bacteria that enter the body with everything that a child puts into his mouth. Signs of the disease vary in severity, but in any case, timely help and treatment are necessary.

Classification of intestinal infections

Acute intestinal infections (AI) can be bacterial or viral nature. It is very important to understand what caused the baby’s intestinal disorder, since the quality of medical care received and the choice of treatment method will depend on this. The two types of OCI have several subtypes, each of which manifests itself differently. general characteristics intestinal infections is presented in the table:

Type of infection	Symptoms	Peculiarities
Bacterial OCI
Salmonella	Feverish state, fever, loose stools, the color of stool basically does not change.	Pathogens enter the body with food - eggs, milk, butter, meat. In severe cases, cerebral edema and renal failure are possible.
Staphylococcal	A slight increase in temperature, vomiting, and diarrhea are possible. Against the background of infection, a runny nose, throat hyperemia, intestinal and stomach cramps may appear.	Weakened immunity causes the activation of staphylococci that live in the child’s body. The difficulty of treatment lies in the fact that bacteria easily adapt to the effects of antimicrobial drugs.
Escherichiosis	Colic, vomiting and diarrhea are accompanied by fever.	The infection is typical for newborns whose body weight is below normal. The disease can also affect children under 5 years of age. In this case, it is quite difficult to get rid of the pathogens, since they can live in the household environment for several months after past illness. It is very important for parents to maintain hygiene and regularly sanitize the premises.
Typhoid	Body aches, fever, nose bleed, a sore throat. The child experiences pain during urination.	The main route of transmission is from a sick person. The infection enters environment with feces and urine.
Viral OCI
Rotavirus (stomach flu)	Symptoms of intestinal ARVI are sore throat, temperature up to 39 degrees. Accompanied by frequent vomiting and diarrhea.	The most common childhood infection. The virus enters the body through water, dirty hands and food. A sick baby is contagious until complete recovery.
Adenovirus	Conjunctivitis, runny nose in children.	The disease mainly affects newborns and children under three years of age. Transmitted through water and airborne droplets. You can also catch adenovirus in the pool.
Enterovirus (we recommend reading:)	Heavy febrile state, the temperature can rise to 40 degrees. Complications in the functioning of the heart, muscles, blood vessels and nervous system are possible.	The cause of the disease is poor personal hygiene among children and adolescents.

Causes of intestinal infection and routes of infection

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If the baby has elevated acetone, the doctor will suggest hospitalization. In the hospital, the child will be given IVs to replenish fluids during detoxification.

Use of antibiotics

Antibacterial therapy for acute intestinal infections is prescribed in extreme cases and only if it is established that the disease has bacterial nature. Drugs in this group have a negative effect on the intestines, and their use is often not justified and ineffective.

WHO has approved a list of dangerous conditions in which the prescription of antibiotics is mandatory - severe types of cholera, persistent diarrhea, blood in vomit and feces. In such cases, Nifuroxazide and Ciprofloxacin are usually prescribed.

Replenishment of fluid losses

Dehydration can complicate the severity of ACI, so the main treatment is to take enough fluids (oral rehydration). For this purpose, solutions of glucose, salts, mineral water. You need to give your baby food often and in small portions. His well-being and the further recovery period largely depend on this. The liquid helps replenish mineral balance and remove toxins. The stages of rehydration are shown in the table below:

Period	First 4 hours of treatment	Until the vomiting and diarrhea stop
Target	Replenishment of mineral and electrolyte deficiencies.	Maintaining body strength, compensating for constant fluid loss.
Liquid volume	It is determined by the degree of initial dehydration and depends on clinical symptoms.	Calculated taking into account fluid loss, the volume of drugs used should be no less than that excreted through vomiting and bowel movements.
Peculiarities	The volume of liquid the child needs is evenly distributed over time. For example, you need to drink 60 ml of water in an hour. This dose should be divided into 6 doses and given to the baby every 10 minutes (10 ml). A small volume will be better absorbed and will reduce the risk of vomiting.
Effectiveness of events	Reducing symptoms of intoxication, reducing the volume of lost fluid.	Stopping weight loss. The skin becomes elastic, the appearance of the mucous membranes is satisfactory, general health is improving. Normal condition fontanel (in infants).

Antipyretics

The question of whether it is necessary to bring down the temperature of a child with ACI and with what medications worries many young parents. An increase in temperature is evidence that the body is fighting inflammation and infection. Of course, high temperature readings can be dangerous. The child is allowed to lower the temperature if it is above 39 degrees (in infants - 38.5 degrees), or if he does not tolerate low values. Antipyretic medications are given if seizures occur.

You can apply a special antipyretic patch. Intramuscular injections of Papaverine with Analgin and Diphenhydramine are effective. For vomiting and diarrhea, oral medications and suppositories will not help effective result. Traditional methods (for example, rubbing) will also not give the desired result. The room in which a child with a high temperature is located should be constantly ventilated.

Sorbents

Any intestinal infection is accompanied by the appearance of a mass of toxins in the digestive tract, which are carried through the blood throughout the body. This negatively affects the general condition of the child.

The toxic effect of pathogenic microorganisms in children of different ages can be treated with the following means:

medicine Activated carbon– give in the proportion of 1 tablet per 10 kg of baby’s weight, every 6 hours for 1-2 days;
Smecta powder – relieves symptoms such as colic and bloating, removes toxins and infection;
Polysorb is a good remedy for intoxication in cases of poisoning and acute intestinal infections, and has a strong adsorbing effect;
Enterosgel paste – the product binds and removes toxins, has an antispasmodic effect.

Diet

IN acute period vomiting and diarrhea should not be fed to the child (we recommend reading:). You can give some tea and unleavened crackers. On the second or third day, when the baby gets better, you can offer the child dietary food. Dishes must be carefully processed and prepared from fresh, high-quality ingredients.

Milk, berries and fresh vegetables, fruits, salty and smoked foods, and fatty broths are prohibited. The child's meals should be portioned; on average, the frequency of meals can reach 5-6 times a day.

How long does it take to treat the disease?

The acute period of intestinal infection usually lasts from 3 to 7 days, but possibly more long course(up to 10 days). Some of the diseases pass without severe vomiting and diarrhea, or fever. Others, on the contrary, are accompanied by diarrhea for a week, but the frequency of bowel movements gradually decreases.

During the recovery period, probiotics and symbiotics can be prescribed, including Linex, Hilak Forte, Bifidumbacterin, Lactobacterin. How much medication a child needs, and in what dosage, is determined by an infectious disease doctor or pediatrician.

The three-week recovery period may be accompanied by deterioration in health, dizziness, unstable stool. A weakened body is susceptible to attacks by viruses and pathogens. If you are not careful, your child can easily catch a cold, contract an acute respiratory viral infection or a new intestinal infection.

For prevention purposes, the following rules must be observed:

carefully process meat, chicken and fish, follow the technology for preparing meat dishes;
store perishable foods in the refrigerator, do not offer your child food with an expired or questionable expiration date;
protect food from insects - flies, cockroaches and other carriers of infection;
do not swim in dirty ponds or on public beaches when the water temperature is above 25 degrees (at this temperature bacteria multiply well);
thoroughly wash toys and rattles that the child actively puts into his mouth;
boil nipples;
allow the child to drink only purified boiled water or special baby water in bottles;
change clothes and bed linen on time.

Every parent wants their baby to never encounter an intestinal infection or experience own experience how difficult it is. However, no medicine can protect against this. Even if all safety measures are followed, the risk of infection still remains. If it happens that the child does get sick, parents should not panic and stress the baby. It is important to calmly carry out all the procedures prescribed by the doctor. In this case, recovery will come quickly.

The term “intestinal infection in children” in medicine refers to a group of infectious diseases of various etiologies. The causative agents of infection can be various pathogenic agents - viruses and bacteria, such as salmonella, rotavirus, Shigella, Escherichia, Cambilobacter and a number of other microbes. Acute intestinal infections in children, affecting the gastrointestinal tract, usually cause a toxic reaction and lead to dehydration. This child's condition requires emergency medical attention.

The source of infection with pathogenic microorganisms - viruses and bacteria that lead to the development of intestinal infection, can be animals, a sick person or bacteria carriers. The highest infectivity is observed in the first three days of the disease. During this period, an infected child poses a threat to healthy people.

The mechanism of infection of acute intestinal infection in children

The mechanism of infection is predominantly fecal-oral, and there can be several routes of transmission:

nutritional;
water;
contact and household.

Main age group, which is most often exposed to the development of intestinal infectious diseases, are children from 2 to 5 years old. Children under one year of age who are on breastfeeding, practically do not get sick, since they are protected by the mother’s immunity.

Often intestinal infections are seasonal in nature, with the peak incidence occurring during different period depending on the causative agent of the disease, but may not be associated with seasonality, such as rotavirus infection.

Microbes that cause intestinal infections are released into the external environment along with feces, saliva, urine and vomit of the bacteria carrier or a sick person. Pathogenic microorganisms, getting into water, food, household items, children's toys, remain on them for a long time, penetrating the body of healthy people.

Infection with infectious agents occurs as a result of exposure to pathogenic microorganisms V gastric tract by mouth with contaminated food, water or toys.

All intestinal infections, regardless of their etiology and pathogen, cause the development of inflammatory process mucous membrane of the stomach, intestines and other digestive organs. Depending on the mucous membrane of which organ was affected by pathogenic microbes, they develop following forms intestinal infection:

gastritis;
enteritis;
colitis;
gastroduodenitis;
enterocolitis.

Common infectious intestinal diseases

The manifestation of symptoms of intestinal infection in children depends on the type of disease and its causative agent. The most common diseases digestive tract caused by pathogenic microflora are the following:

dysentery and shigellosis;
Escherichiosis;
salmonellosis;
yersiniosis;
rotavirus infection;
campylobacteriosis.

Abnormal stool in the form of diarrhea is the main characteristic feature almost all intestinal infections.

Signs of intestinal infection shigellosis in children

Signs of an intestinal infection in a child caused by bacteria of the genus Shigella, and known as dysentery or shigellosis, first appear within 1-7 days from the moment the pathogenic microflora enters the child’s body. This is how long the incubation period of dysentery lasts.

The disease begins acutely, the body temperature rises to 39-40° C, the feeling of weakness and fatigue rapidly increases, there is a decrease in appetite, and vomiting is possible. Against the background of fever, symptoms of the disease may occur, such as:

headache;
chills;
stomach ache;
bowel dysfunction - the frequency of bowel movements can vary from 4-6 to 15-20 times a day;
rave;
convulsions;
loss of consciousness.

Typically, stool contains mucus and blood. Severe forms of dysentery may be accompanied by hemorrhagic syndrome, up to intestinal bleeding.

Symptoms of acute intestinal infection escherichiosis in children under one year old

Escherichiosis is an acute intestinal infection caused by various serological groups of enteropathogenic coli. The disease predominantly affects young patients under 3 years of age.

In gastroenterology, the following types of escherichiosis are distinguished:

Enteroinvasive. This form of infection is characterized by an acute onset, a sharp increase in body temperature to 38-39 degrees, and abdominal pain. The child experiences diarrhea with a stool frequency of up to 5-10 times a day, possibly even mixed with mucus and blood.
Enterotoxigenic. This type of escherichiosis is accompanied by frequent vomiting, loose stools without any impurities, repeated up to 10 times a day, and the consistency resembles rice water. This form of intestinal infection is characterized by isotonic dehydration. There is no increase in body temperature with enterotoxigenic escherichiosis.
Enteropathogenic. This form of infectious intestinal disease affects children under one year of age. The development of toxicosis and exicosis is noted, the disease occurs in a fairly severe form. Enteropathogenic escherichiosis can develop acutely or gradually. The stools are most often watery, have a yellowish or orange tint, with a small amount of mucous impurities. The stool may be mushy, but it is always foamy. Other symptoms of this form of escherichiosis in children include vomiting 1-2 times a day, regurgitation, loss of appetite, low-grade fever.
Enteropathogenic escherichiosis type 2. Clinical picture resembles salmonellosis. The disease always begins acutely, with an increase in body temperature to 38-38.5 degrees. Characteristic symptoms of the disease are chills, loose stools up to 6 times a day without impurities. The child is bothered by cramping pain in the abdomen.
Enterohemorrhagic. This form of escherichiosis is characterized by loose stools up to 10 times a day, mixed with blood, and almost devoid of feces. Usually, on days 2-4 of the course of the infectious disease, a strong deterioration in the patient’s condition is observed. High body temperature is not characteristic of enterohemorrhagic escherichiosis.

Diarrhea and other signs of intestinal infection salmonellosis in a child

Salmonellosis is an acute infectious disease of the digestive system caused by the Salmonella bacterium. This bacterial infection can develop as isolated cases or entire outbreaks of salmonellosis. The peak incidence occurs in the summer, when food storage conditions are violated.

The incubation period for salmonellosis ranges from several hours to 5 days. The main signs of salmonella infection are:

fever that lasts from 5-7 days to 2-3 weeks;
frequent foul-smelling stools;
dry mucous membranes and skin, which indicates dehydration of the child’s body as a result of severe diarrhea.

Diarrhea due to an intestinal infection in a child caused by the Salmonella bacterium usually goes away within 7-10 days.

This intestinal infection in children under one year of age is characterized by slightly different symptoms than in older patients. In children above symptoms intestinal disorder prevail general signs intoxication of the body. Body temperature may remain normal, infants malnutrition is noted; during the course of the disease, babies practically do not gain weight.

With salmonellosis in children of the first year of life, the following symptoms are observed:

restlessness, tearfulness and moodiness;
frequent regurgitation;
bloating;
cold extremities.

Dehydration with salmonellosis is manifested by dry mucous membranes, skin and tongue, oliguria and recessed fontanel.

Gastrointestinal form of intestinal infection in a 2-year-old child

The most common is the gastrointestinal form of salmonellosis. This intestinal infection in a 2-year-old child occurs in the form of gastritis and gasteroenteritis. The disease is characterized by the following symptoms:

painful sensations in the epigastric area;
heat;
malaise, general weakness;
frequent vomiting;
frequent loose stools with particles of undigested food;
the tongue is dry and coated with a thick coating;
minor flatulence.

How long does typhoid-like intestinal infection last in children?

The typhus-like form of salmonellosis is characterized by such symptoms as prolonged fever, headaches, vomiting, delirium, impaired, confused consciousness, enteric stool. At the peak of the infection, the formation of a roseolous-papular rash on the child’s body becomes possible. How long does an intestinal infection of typhus-like form last in children? At proper treatment recovery occurs after 14 days, as with typhus.

There is a septic form of salmonellosis, which is mainly diagnosed in weakened children of the first year of life and in premature infants. With this infectious bacterial disease, purulent foci form various localizations– in the lungs, kidneys, meninges, joints and bones. Stools are observed with a frequency of up to 5-10 times a day, liquid or mushy, continuous, with admixtures of greenery, mucus, white lumps with a sharp sour odor.

Complications of intestinal infection in an infant

After an intestinal infection infant For a long time, the body continues to release bacteria into the external environment; this lasts about a month. If carriage of the Salmonella bacterium continues for more than 3 months, the intestinal infection becomes chronic.

Salmonellosis for children, especially the first year of life, is dangerous with many serious complications:

swelling of the brain and lungs;
renal failure;
peritonitis;
reactive arthritis;
abscess of internal organs.

If you suspect the development of salmonellosis in infants, parents should immediately show the baby to a specialist, as there is a risk of death.

Norovirus intestinal infection in children

Norovirus intestinal infection in children is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases in children. The causative agents are noroviruses.

The first signs of the disease appear 24-48 hours after noroviruses enter the child’s body. The disease begins severe vomiting, which is soon followed by diarrhea, body temperature rises, muscle pain, headaches, and general weakness.

Typically, these signs of norovirus intestinal infection go away on their own after 12-72 hours, but symptomatic treatment of the child is required to alleviate his condition. After suffering from the disease, an unstable immunity to the pathogen is developed, which lasts up to 8 weeks. After this time, the child may become infected with norovirus again.

Symptoms of acute intestinal infection yersiniosis in children

This is an infectious disease characterized by toxic-allergic syndrome and damage digestive system. The causative agent of yersiniosis is the motile bacteria Yersinia enterocolitica, whose shape resembles short rods. How many days does intestinal infection in children last from the moment pathogenic microorganisms enter the body? The incubation period lasts from 24 hours to 7 days, but in medical practice there are known cases of its increase to 3 weeks. Full recovery with adequate therapy, it occurs 10-14 days after infection.

For convenience, experts divide all the symptoms of acute intestinal infection in children caused by the bacteria Yersinia enterocolitica into several groups. The following common ones stand out: toxic symptoms yersiniosis:

high body temperature – up to 40 degrees, such indicators can be maintained for up to 10 days;
severe headaches;
general weakness of the body, muscle and joint pain;
significant decrease in appetite;
nervous system disorder.

Regarding the bacteria affecting the gastrointestinal tract of a child, the following symptoms are characteristic of intestinal yersiniosis:

nausea and vomiting;
painful sensations in the abdominal area of unclear localization;
unstable loose stools;
runny nose, sore throat, lacrimation;
redness and pallor of the skin;
crimson color of the tongue a week after contracting the infection.

In some cases, children may experience allergic reactions– rashes on the skin in the form of small red spots, small dots and bubbles. The main places where the rash is localized are the soles of the feet and hands. Such dermatological manifestations diseases are accompanied by dryness, itching and burning.

Incubation period of viral intestinal infection in children

Intestinal infections can have both bacterial and viral etiologies. Rotavirus is a viral intestinal infection in children, which usually occurs as acute gastroenteritis or enteritis. The incubation period of this intestinal infection in children lasts from 1 to 3 days. All characteristic symptoms diseases appear on the first day, with intestinal lesions combined with catarrhal symptoms.

The following symptoms are observed respiratory syndrome, such as hyperemia of the pharynx, rhinitis, sore throat, coughing. Along with damage to the oropharynx, signs of gastroenteritis also appear - liquid, watery or foamy stool with a frequency of bowel movements from 4-5 to 15 times a day, vomiting, increased body temperature. Such frequent bowel movements lead to dehydration of the child’s body and increase signs of intoxication. All these signs disappear within 5 days.

Symptoms of rotavirus intestinal infection in a child under 1 year of age: temperature and intoxication

Rotavirus intestinal infection in a child under 1 year of age is always accompanied by vomiting, which continues for 1-2 days. In children after one year, this symptom is usually observed only on the first day.

With this intestinal infection, the child’s body temperature usually rises very strongly - up to 39° C, and lasts no more than three days.

Intoxication of the body is the first symptom of intestinal infection in children under one year of age caused by rotaviruses. The baby becomes lethargic, he practically does not perform any movements, refuses the breast and constantly cries, and there is increased sweating. In addition to these signs of intoxication in children after one year of age, intestinal infection may also be accompanied by severe headaches and dizziness.

Abdominal pain is mild, but may intensify with palpation. All of these symptoms may be varying degrees severity, as a rule, the older the child, the milder the disease. If these signs of a viral infectious disease appear, you should immediately seek help from a specialist.

Symptoms of staphylococcal intestinal infection in children

The causative agent of staphylococcal intestinal infection in children is Staphylococcus aureus and other pathogenic strains of this microorganism. Staphylococcus belongs to the group of opportunistic microflora, which means that it is present in many people without making itself felt, and only under certain conditions causes the development of the disease.

Provoking factors are:

weakened immunity of the child, which is the result of congenital immunodeficiencies, HIV;
pathologies of development of internal organs;
children belonging to the category of frequently and long-term sufferers of respiratory diseases;
the presence in the body of chronic foci of inflammation - tonsillitis, sinusitis, gastroduodenitis and others.

Often a child becomes infected Staphylococcus aureus occurs during a stay in the maternity hospital, then the signs make themselves felt in the first days of the baby’s life. During the current staphylococcal infection In newborns, the following symptoms are characteristic:

bloating and intestinal colic;
frequent loose, foul-smelling stools, possibly mixed with mucus and greens;
in some cases there is an increase in body temperature;
violation general condition newborn – causeless crying, refusal to eat, lethargy and restlessness.

With prolonged diarrhea, signs of dehydration appear. It is manifested by dry skin and mucous membranes, a newborn crying without tears, and a sunken fontanel. This condition requires urgent hospitalization baby to the hospital.

In children under one year of age, the signs of staphylococcal infection are slightly different from the manifestations of this disease in newborns. Typically, in children under one year of age, this intestinal disease manifests itself with signs of toxic infection or gastroenterocolitis - an inflammatory process of the mucous membrane of the stomach and small intestine.

Experts identify the following main symptoms in children under one year old, characteristic of an intestinal infection caused by staphylococcus:

weakness, lethargy, lack of appetite;
increase in body temperature to 38.5 C;
headache and dizziness;
nausea and severe vomiting;
weight loss;
frequent loose stools mixed with mucus, blood, foam and greens;
bloating and pain in the abdominal area.

Treatment of symptoms of intestinal infection in children caused by the action of staphylococci is carried out using a combination method antibacterial drugs and specific means. Treatment of mild and moderate forms of staphylococcal infection is carried out using the following groups of antibiotics:

semisynthetic penicillins: oxacillin, ampiox;

macrolides: erythromycin, roxithromycin;

lincomycin.

In cases of severe forms of staphylococcal intestinal infection, children are prescribed aminoglycosides:

gentamicin, rifampicin, And

1st generation cephalosporins – cefazolin.

Symptoms of intestinal infection campylobacteriosis in children under 2 years of age

This is an infectious intestinal disease caused by Campylobacter - opportunistic microorganisms. The disease predominantly manifests itself in damage to the child’s gastrointestinal tract.

Campylobacteriosis usually occurs in weakened infants and adult children who suffer from tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus, hemoblastosis and others. oncological diseases. Children in their first year of life are also at risk.

The incubation period of campylobacteriosis lasts 3-5 days. The disease is characterized by an acute onset; soon after contracting the infection, an increase in body temperature to febrile levels is noted.

The child is bothered by muscle pain and general weakness. In most children under 2 years of age, a symptom of an intestinal infection caused by Campylobacter is also strong pain around the navel, which is especially intensified by palpation.

During the first days of the disease, vomiting may occur, sometimes repeated. The main symptom of the disease, as with many other intestinal infections, is severe diarrhea– from 4-6 to 20 times per day. The stools are copious, watery, and yellowish in color.

Infants predominantly develop a generalized form of campylobacteriosis. Symptoms include severe fever with frequent daily fluctuations, vomiting, diarrhea, enlarged liver, weight loss, and anemia. As a result of bacteremia, infants may experience organ lesions of a purulent nature - purulent meningitis, meningoencephalitis, endocarditis, thrombophlebitis, septic arthritis, pneumonia.

Young children are most susceptible to campylobacter intestinal infection. The treatment tactics for the disease depend on the severity of its course in the child’s body. For mild to moderate severe forms for campylobacteriosis, medications of the following pharmacological groups are prescribed:

antispasmodics;
enzymes;
biological bacterial preparations.

This therapy is aimed at correcting intestinal dysbiosis and colonizing it beneficial microflora. For these purposes, a special therapeutic diet and oral rehydration.

In severe forms of the disease, it becomes necessary to take antibiotics, to which campylobacter is sensitive. These are erythromycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, macrolides, metronidazole, furazolidone. The course of antibiotic therapy is 7-14 days, determined by a specialist individually for each patient.

Methods for treating symptoms of acute intestinal infection in children

Antibiotic therapy is the main method of treating intestinal infections in children, when the causative agents are bacterial agents. However, it is not always used, but only for advanced, moderate and severe forms of damage to the child’s gastrointestinal tract.

Treatment of symptoms of acute intestinal infection in children must be comprehensive and consist of several treatment methods, such as:

therapeutic nutrition;
carrying out oral rehydration;
etiotropic therapy;
pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy.

Treatment of acute intestinal infection in children is almost never complete without etiotropic therapy, which consists of taking antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, specific bacteriophages, enterosorbents, enteral immunoglobulins, lactoglobulins.

For intestinal infections of various etiologies, antibiotics and chemotherapy drugs such as nalidixic acid (nevigramon, nergam), furazolidone, ercefuril, gentamicin, anamycin sulfate, kanamycin are usually prescribed.

Specific bacteriophages are recommended for use as monotherapy for mild and erased forms of the disease. Enterosorbents are necessarily prescribed for symptoms such as diarrhea. For mild and moderate forms of infection, Smecta has proven itself well. The course of treatment with enterosorbents is 5-7 days.

Pathogenetic therapy consists of the following methods:

oral rehydration with Rehydron, Oralit, Gastrolit;

enzyme therapy, in which Panzinorm Forte and Abomin-pepsin are prescribed,

Pancreatin, Pankurmen,

Digestal, Festal,

Mezim Forte, Creon;

antiallergic therapy by taking antihistamines;

correction of dysbiosis with probiotics.

What to give a child for an intestinal infection accompanied by diarrhea?

Symptomatic therapy is aimed at eliminating symptoms characteristic of intestinal infection. What to give to a child with an intestinal infection when severe diarrhea occurs?

In this case, specialists prescribe antidiarrheal drugs:

Imodium, Diarol.

For osmotic diarrhea in children under 2 years of age: medications are not assigned.

To eliminate severe pain, antispasmodics are used:

drotaverine, papaverine,

spasmomen 40 and some other drugs as prescribed by a specialist.

Vitamin therapy is mandatory for all children, regardless of the type of intestinal infection, for a course of 14 days.

Treatment of intestinal infection in a 3-year-old child

At antibacterial treatment Intestinal infection in a 3-year-old child may be prescribed antibiotics such as:

Ciprofloxacin,

Ofloxacin,

Lomefloxacin.

The dosage is determined by a specialist for each patient individually.

How to treat intestinal infection in children caused by pathogenic agents such as viruses? The goal of therapy is to remove viruses from the intestines that are located on its machines and destroy their cells. For these purposes, sorbent preparations are prescribed:

Activated carbon– up to 4-6 tablets per dose several times a day;

Smecta or Neosmectin– 3-4 sachets per day;

Enterodesis or Polysorb– 1-2 sachets per day.

In the fight against rotaviruses, the effectiveness of such antiviral drugs, like Anaferon and Arbidol.

During the course of rotavirus infection in the intestine, a significant part of the beneficial bacteria, ensuring healthy functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. That is why therapy must necessarily consist of taking probiotics; children are prescribed:

Lactofiltrum, Bifiform,

Linex, Bifidum,

Bifidumbacterin.

Diet menu for intestinal infections in children: what to feed your child

Diet for intestinal infections in children is a mandatory method of therapy, allowing to restore impaired functions of the digestive system and speed up the recovery process. Many parents are interested in what to feed their child with an intestinal infection.

For the first day after infection, it is better for the baby not to eat anything at all. If the child develops an appetite, he can be given rice water; older children can be given crackers.

The diet menu for intestinal infections in children should consist of easily digestible and pureed foods. The following products are prohibited for consumption: whole milk, black bread, fermented baked milk, yogurt, cream, porridge with milk, beets, legumes, citrus fruits, meat and fish broths, fatty meats, poultry and fish.

The menu for intestinal infections in children should be based on foods such as porridge with water - corn, rice, buckwheat, and lean meat - turkey, chicken breast, veal, rabbit meat. Then fermented milk products are gradually introduced into the diet; vegetables and fruits can be eaten after the disappearance of unpleasant symptoms digestive system disorders. It is recommended to feed the child with rosehip infusion, weak tea, rice infusion, dried fruit compote, but without prunes.

The menu might look something like this:

Breakfast– semolina, prepared with water, a glass of unsweetened tea.

Snack– steam soufflé made from homemade low-fat cottage cheese.

Dinner– light broth from lean chicken meat, steamed veal meatballs, fruit jelly.

Afternoon snack– 200 g of rosehip decoction, rye bread crackers.

Dinner– low-fat steamed fish, unsweetened tea.

Before bedtime You can give your child a glass of low-fat homemade yogurt.

Diet recipes for children after an intestinal infection

A variety of diet recipes for children after an intestinal infection will allow parents to avoid problems with choosing suitable dishes for the child’s still weakened body.

Steamed chicken soufflé

To prepare a dish according to this recipe for intestinal infections in children, you will need boiled chicken breast, egg, 4 tbsp. l. chicken broth, 1 tbsp. l. flour.

Follow this sequence for preparing soufflé after an intestinal infection for a child using this recipe:

boiled chicken breast pass through a meat grinder;

combine chopped chicken meat with egg yolk, beat the egg white, add a spoonful of flour, salt and mix;
Mix the mixture thoroughly, place it in a mold greased with vegetable oil, and steam.

Blueberry jelly

You can use this dietary recipe for children with intestinal infections to prepare blueberry jelly:

Rinse 2/3 cup of blueberries with running water.
Pour 4 cups of water into a saucepan, put on fire, and bring to a boil.
Add 2 tbsp. l. Sahara. Stir 1 tbsp in a glass of cold water. l. starch, gradually pour into sugar syrup.
Place washed blueberries in a saucepan and stir.
Reduce heat, bring to a boil and remove from heat.

What to cook for a child with an intestinal infection: dietary recipes

Slimy soup

To prepare mucus soup, use this recipe for this dish for intestinal infections in children:

Place a saucepan with 2 liters of water on the fire and add ½ cup of washed oatmeal.
Finely chop the onion and carrots, add to the soup, add a little salt, boil for another 15 minutes and remove from the stove.
When the soup has cooled slightly, rub it through a sieve; if desired, you can add a spoonful of vegetable oil.

Vegetable salad

At the end of the course of the disease, when the symptoms of intestinal infection begin to gradually disappear, fresh vegetables can be introduced into the child’s diet. If you don’t know what to cook for a child with an intestinal infection, this recipe will diversify diet menu baby:

Boil carrots, cauliflower and zucchini.
Cut all the vegetables into small cubes, add a little salt, mix well, season with 1 tbsp. olive oil.

Prevention of intestinal infections in children

Prevention of intestinal infections in children, first of all, consists of developing personal hygiene skills. Parents should teach their child to eat fruits and vegetables only after washing them, and also remember to wash their hands thoroughly with soap before eating.

Other preventive measures include careful handling of food and boiling water. In addition, to prevent the development of intestinal infections is to comply with the following rules:

Never eat foods whose quality you doubt, especially if they have already expired.
Observe the temperature and cooking time of raw foods. Boiling completely destroys almost all pathogenic microorganisms.
Be sure to wash your eggs before cracking them for cooking. Such actions will protect against salmonellosis infection.
When preparing raw foods, you must use different cutting boards.
Before use, boil ready-made soup or borscht.
Pathogenic microorganisms multiply quickly in salads made from raw vegetables, especially those dressed with sour cream. That is why it is recommended to season them immediately before serving and cook them at once.
If there are pets in the house, they should be regularly dewormed and vaccinated.

Acute intestinal infections are a group of diseases infectious nature, occurring in the gastrointestinal tract, accompanied by general and local symptoms. The causative agents are pathogenic, opportunistic bacteria, as well as viruses.

Both adults and children are susceptible to this group of diseases. But due to the characteristics of the body in children, the disease is caused more often and is more severe. These include: imperfection of the general and local immunities, decreased formation of mucus in the intestines, non-compliance or ignorance of hygiene rules in young children. Acute cases are especially difficult intestinal pathology in children under one year old.

Acute intestinal infections (abbreviated as AII) are transmitted mainly through the fecal-oral route - pathogens enter the environment with feces, and then through dirty hands, food, and water into the human body. This method is typical for acute intestinal infections caused by bacteria. With a viral etiology, transmission can also be carried out by airborne droplets.

Symptoms of intestinal infection in children can be local and general.

signs of intoxication - high fever, headaches, malaise, vomiting.
signs characteristic of dehydration - dry skin and mucous membranes with decreased elasticity, general weakness, decreased amount of urine with darkening of color;

2) Local symptoms can manifest themselves in the form of gastritis (stomach damage), enteritis ( small intestine), colitis ( colon), or a combination of damage to several segments. The clinical picture depends on which parts are affected.

loose stools, the frequency and nature of which depends on the type and quantity of the causative agent of acute intestinal infection;
pain varying intensity and localization;
vomit.

At severe course acute intestinal infection, a child may develop complications, each of which has different symptoms.

Neurotoxicosis: anxiety, delirium, convulsions, disturbance of consciousness, hallucinations, vomiting, after which there is no relief.
Circulatory failure: drop in pressure, pale skin with bluish color of the extremities, muffled heart tones.
Pulmonary failure: shortness of breath, frequent shallow breathing.
Renal failure: decreased amount of daily urine or its absence, lower back pain.
Hypovolemic shock due to fluid loss: facial features become sharpened, sunken eyeballs, general temperature and body weight decrease. In children under one year of age, a large fontanelle collapses.
Stomach or intestinal bleeding.

Diagnostics

Treatment measures also depend on which pathogens are identified. Acute intestinal infection is diagnosed by methods such as: bacteriological culture, enzyme immunoassay, antibody test, coprological study.

Features of the course of infections caused by pathogenic microflora

Therapeutic measures

Treatment of intestinal infections in children is aimed at the causative agent of the disease (bacteria or viruses), development mechanisms and external signs. But first of all, treatment begins with organization proper nutrition

with maximum sparing of the gastrointestinal tract.

1) How should a patient with an intestinal infection eat?
Nutrition should be selected taking into account both the patient’s age and his condition. The entire outcome of the treatment depends on which products, in what way they are processed and in what quantity they enter the patient’s body. There is a rule at this point: you cannot force feed a child.
Infants are prescribed fermented milk mixtures. For infections of viral etiology, it is necessary to change the usual mixture to low- or lactose-free. The same is true if a child has bloating. After recovery, you can switch to a regular mixture, or a mixture enriched with bifidobacteria and lactobacilli.
Older children are prescribed pureed, easily digestible food. Spicy, fatty and fried foods are not allowed.

Treatment of intestinal infections in children also involves adequate drinking regimen.

2) Treatment aimed at the pathogen (etiological): taking antibiotics, bacteriophages, immunoglobulins and lactoglobulins. Antibiotics indicated for the treatment of infections a lot of. Which of them will help in treating a child can be determined after a bacteriological examination. Treatment with bacteriophages follows the same principle.

This group also includes enterosorbents, such as smecta, lactofiltrum, etc.

3) Treatment aimed at the mechanisms of occurrence (pathogenetic). What methods could these be? For example, oral rehydration with such drugs Orolite, Rehydron. Enzymes are prescribed - Mezim, Creon, Pancreatin.

At in serious condition the patient, or in children under one year of age, treatment of water and electrolyte disorders is carried out by intravenous infusions.

Treatment of infections involves normalization of microflora. Eubiotics and probiotics will help restore normal composition. Such treatment should be carried out both at the height of the disease and for some time after recovery.

4) Symptomatic treatment: drugs for diarrhea, antispasmodics, antiemetics.

5) Treatment of complications.