Recovery after surgery. Rehabilitation period after surgery for varicose veins: what is the best way to recover after removal? Rehabilitation period after surgery

Any surgical operation is a serious intervention in the body, and you should not expect that after it everything will be “the same as before.” Even if the surgeon who performed the operation is a real medical genius and everything went well, rehabilitation is necessary to restore the strength and functions of the body.

Rehabilitation after surgery: is it really necessary?

“Why do we need rehabilitation after surgery at all? Everything will heal, and the body will recover itself,” - this is, unfortunately, what many people in our country think. But it should be borne in mind that in a weakened body, the ability to self-heal is reduced. Some operations, in particular on the joints and spine, require mandatory rehabilitation measures, otherwise there is a risk that the person will never return to their usual way of life. In addition, without rehabilitation after surgery, there is a high risk of developing complications caused by prolonged immobility. And not only physical - such as muscle atrophy and bedsores, as well as pneumonia caused by congestion - but also psychological. A person who until recently could move and take care of himself finds himself confined to a hospital bed. This is a very difficult situation, and the task of rehabilitation is to return to the person and wellness, and mental comfort.

Modern rehabilitation involves not only the restoration of motor functions, but also the relief of pain.

Stages, timing and methods of postoperative rehabilitation

When to start postoperative rehabilitation? The answer is simple - the sooner the better. In fact, effective rehabilitation should begin immediately after the end of the operation and continue until an acceptable result is achieved.

The first stage of rehabilitation after surgery called immobilization. It lasts from the moment the operation is completed until the cast or stitches are removed. The duration of this period depends on what kind of surgery suffered by a person, but usually does not exceed 10–14 days. At this stage, rehabilitation measures include breathing exercises for the prevention of pneumonia, preparing the patient for physical therapy exercises and the exercises themselves. As a rule, they are very simple and at first represent only weak muscle contractions, but as the condition improves, the exercises become more complex.

From 3–4 days after surgery, physiotherapy is indicated - UHF therapy, electrical stimulation and other methods.

Second phase , post-immobilization, begins after removal of the cast or sutures and lasts up to 3 months. Now great attention Focused on increasing range of motion, strengthening muscles, and reducing pain. The basis of rehabilitation measures during this period are physiotherapy and physical therapy.

Post-immobilization period divided into two stages: inpatient and outpatient . This is due to the fact that rehabilitation measures must be continued after discharge from the hospital.

Stationary stage involves intensive recovery measures, as the patient must leave the hospital as soon as possible. At this stage, the rehabilitation complex includes physical therapy, classes on special simulators,, if possible, exercises in the pool, as well as independent exercises in the ward. Physiotherapy also plays an important role, especially its varieties such as massage, electrophoresis, and ultrasound treatment (UVT).

Outpatient stage is also necessary, because without maintaining the achieved results they will quickly fade away. Typically this period lasts from 3 months to 3 years. IN outpatient setting patients continue physical therapy exercises in sanatoriums and dispensaries, outpatient physical therapy rooms, medical physical education clinics, as well as at home. Medical supervision patients' conditions are carried out twice a year.

Features of patient recovery after various types of medical procedures

Abdominal surgery

Like all bedridden patients, patients after abdominal operations should perform breathing exercises to prevent pneumonia, especially in cases where the period of forced immobility is prolonged. Physical therapy after surgery is first carried out in a lying position, and only after the stitches begin to heal does the doctor allow you to perform exercises in a sitting and standing position.

Physiotherapy is also prescribed, in particular, UHF therapy, laser therapy, magnetic therapy, diadynamic therapy and electrophoresis.

After abdominal operations, patients are advised to follow a special gentle diet, especially if the operation was performed on the gastrointestinal tract. Patients should wear supportive underwear and bandages, this will help the muscles quickly restore tone.

Joint surgeries

Early postoperative period during surgical manipulations of the joints, it includes exercise therapy and exercises that reduce the risk of complications from the respiratory system and of cardio-vascular system, as well as stimulation of peripheral blood flow in the limbs and improvement of mobility in the operated joint.

After this, strengthening the muscles of the limbs and restoring the normal pattern of movement (and in cases where this is impossible, developing a new one that takes into account changes in condition) comes to the fore. At this stage, in addition to physical education, methods of mechanotherapy, training on simulators, massage, and reflexology are used.

After discharge from the hospital, it is necessary to maintain the result with the help of regular exercises and conduct classes to adapt to normal daily physical activity (ergotherapy).

Femoral neck endoprosthetics

Despite the seriousness of the operation, recovery from femoral neck replacement is usually relatively quick. On early stages the patient needs to perform exercises that will strengthen the muscles around the new joint and restore its mobility, and also prevent blood clots from forming. Rehabilitation after hip replacement also includes learning new motor skills - the doctor will show you how to sit down, stand up and bend over correctly, and how to perform normal everyday movements without the risk of injuring your hip. Great importance have exercise therapy classes in a swimming pool. Water allows you to move freely and eases the load on the operated hip. It is very important not to stop the rehabilitation course prematurely - in the case of hip surgeries this is especially dangerous. Often people, feeling that they can move around calmly without outside help, quit classes. But weak muscles quickly weaken, and this increases the risk of falling and injury, after which everything will have to start all over again.

Medical rehabilitation is not a new idea. Also in Ancient Egypt healers used some occupational therapy techniques to speed up the recovery of their patients. Doctors of ancient Greece and Rome also used physical education and massage in treatment. The founder of medicine, Hippocrates, wrote the following saying: “A doctor must be experienced in many things and, by the way, in massage.”

Heart surgery

Such operations are a real miracle modern medicine. But speedy recovery after such an intervention depends not only on the skill of the surgeon, but also on the patient himself and his responsible attitude towards his health. Yes, heart surgery does not limit mobility as much as surgical manipulation of the joints or spine, but this does not mean that restorative treatment can be neglected. Without it, patients often suffer from depression and their vision deteriorates due to swelling of the eye structures. Statistics show that every third patient who has not completed the rehabilitation course soon finds himself back on the operating table.

The rehabilitation program after heart surgery necessarily includes diet therapy. Patients are prescribed dosed cardio exercises under the supervision of a doctor and physical therapy, exercises in the pool (six months after surgery), balneotherapy and circular showers, massage and hardware physiotherapy. An important part rehabilitation program- psychotherapy, both group and individual.

Is it possible to carry out rehabilitation at home? Experts believe not. It's simply impossible to organize everything at home. necessary measures. Of course, the patient can perform the simplest exercises without the supervision of a doctor, but what about physiotherapeutic procedures, training on exercise machines, medicinal baths, massage, psychological support and others necessary measures? In addition, at home, both the patient and his family often forget about the need for systematic rehabilitation. Therefore, recovery should take place in a special institution - a sanatorium or rehabilitation center.

Meniscus – important anatomical education V knee joint, acting as a shock absorber. It prevents friction articular surfaces during movement, which increases the mobility of the knee joint. Removal of the meniscus is an operation performed in extreme cases. In case of a normal sprain, dislocation, subluxation or bruise of the meniscus, it is not removed. The operation is performed only if the body of the meniscus is completely damaged (ruptured). The operation itself is called meniscectomy.

Important! Meniscectomy is a low-traumatic surgical intervention on the knee joint. Despite its low traumatic nature, removal of the meniscus requires rehabilitation. The duration of recovery and rehabilitation depends on individual characteristics patient and ranges from several weeks to several months.

Postoperative period: recovery and rehabilitation in hospital

Immediately after meniscus removal surgery, the doctor draws up a specific recovery and rehabilitation plan, which must be followed strictly.
The first 3 weeks of treatment are the most difficult for the patient. During this period, physical activity is limited. From the moment the sutures are removed (on the 8-10th day), a training program is drawn up for the patient, designed for 2-3 weeks in advance. The exercises are designed in such a way that the simplest ones are performed first, and complex multi-stage workouts are performed closer to discharge.

Important! In the early postoperative period (the first days after removal), the patient’s movement around the ward is only possible on crutches, since the prosthetic menisci have not yet been developed and have not taken root. Avoid excessive physical exercise and loads when the joints are not yet prepared, so as not to cause complications.

First week – knee extension training

In the first days, when full bed rest, patient for recovery motor function The following exercise is recommended:

I.p. Lying on the bed. Tighten the muscles of the front of your thigh so as to slightly straighten your leg at the knee joint. Then rest for 10 seconds and repeat the exercise 10-15 times. Do the same with the muscles of the back of the thigh, as if trying to straighten your leg.

When the doctor allows you to sit in bed, the training is made more difficult to speed up rehabilitation:

I.p. Sitting in bed. Raise your shin to a height of 20 cm, straightening your leg at the knee joint, then return it to its original position. Repeat at least 10 times with rest breaks. Static leg hold can also be done while lying in bed. To do this, lift your entire leg, bending it at the hip joint to a height of up to 20 cm, at least 10 times a day.

Week 2 – Knee Flexion Training

Development of flexion in the knee joint is allowed by the end of 1-2 weeks after surgery to remove the meniscus. To do this, the same set of exercises is done, only in the opposite direction. That is, instead of extension, the patient bends the leg at the knee joint, pulling the lower leg towards him. To begin with, it is recommended to perform bending while lying in bed with a small amplitude. Then sitting in bed with limbs hanging freely.

The third week of treatment – restoration of normal functioning of all joints

The third week is devoted to restoring the simultaneous functioning of the knee and hip joints. To do this, the patient, lying in bed, must bend his leg so as to rest on his foot. In this case, both the knee and hip joints, which contributes to the greatest versatility of the prosthetic menisci.

Important! If you experience cramps during exercise, don't panic. Pinch yourself firmly on your shin and thigh and continue doing the exercises with less amplitude and intensity.

The exercises must be performed regularly, throughout the days spent in hospital treatment. Only in this case can you feel the first effect of rehabilitation.

Physiotherapy for rehabilitation

One more component inpatient treatment after removal of the menisci - physiotherapeutic procedures. It is recommended to carry out several procedures simultaneously:

Electrical stimulation of the muscles of the reed and lower leg in order to maintain their tone and performance.
UHF therapy to relieve swelling, muscle spasms, improve blood circulation and lymph flow.
Laser therapy.
Therapeutic massage of the thigh and calf muscles – effective method treatment used to relieve swelling and spasm, as well as to improve blood and lymph circulation. Doctors do not recommend massaging the joint itself.

Correcting the patient's condition in the hospital after removal of the menisci also involves the use of medicines.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs local action in the form of ointments and gels, as well as for oral administration. Drugs in this group not only relieve inflammation, but also pain syndrome, which significantly facilitates the rehabilitation process.
Cytoprotective and regenerating agents in the form of intravenous solutions drip administration. They accelerate healing and protect newly formed tissues from damage by aggressive factors of the internal environment.

Thus, the main goal of inpatient treatment is to prevent the formation of ankylosis and joint contractures, and maintain the tone of the thigh and lower leg muscles.

Recovery and rehabilitation at home

After discharge from the hospital, rehabilitation continues at home, but under the supervision of a physiotherapist. For this purpose they carry out sports training aimed at developing movements in the knee joint.

Important! The physiotherapist observes the patient for at least 21 days after discharge from the hospital, when the postoperative scar on the meniscus is fully formed.

The ultimate goal of all training is to restore gait and full mobility of the knee joint, eliminate ankylosis and contractures. For this purpose, simulators and other special devices. The number of exercises and their duration are determined individually by the physiotherapist.

Home exercises

To begin with, use simple flexion and extension at the knee joint, raising and lowering the leg, while straining the muscles of the thigh and lower leg. However, they are performed with a greater amplitude than in a hospital, and in several approaches. When lifting a limb, try to hold it at the top for 3-5 seconds, then lower it. Static tension is needed to strengthen muscles.

The use of weight training equipment and a treadmill is possible only with the permission of the attending physician. Classes begin with light loads, gradually increasing the number of approaches and repetitions. In parallel with strength training for rehabilitation, exercises in the pool, swimming, hiking in the fresh air. Don't limit yourself in movement. On the contrary, regular exercise is needed to restore normal motor function.

An approximate list of exercises that need to be performed after meniscus removal surgery:

Aerobic exercise: steps on a step platform with a certain interval and rhythm. Steps begin to be performed on a low platform, gradually increasing its height.
Jumping on your feet over an obstacle.
Exercises on an exercise bike (limbs should be straightened at the lowest point of support).
Squats and lunges.
Walking on a treadmill with straight legs.

Physiotherapeutic treatment

After discharge, treatment with physiotherapeutic procedures does not stop. Exposure to UHF currents, laser treatment and magnetic therapy give tangible results. They improve blood flow, relieve inflammation and swelling, and stimulate tissue regeneration. In addition, the patient is advised to continue to visit the massage room regularly.

If necessary, continue taking anti-inflammatory and painkillers.

Forecast for life

Important! Habitual labor activity after removal of the menisci, the patient can perform surgery as early as 6 weeks of the postoperative period in the absence of contraindications and complications.

It is believed that by the end of the second month recovery period the diseased leg completely restores lost functions that correspond to all the parameters of a healthy leg.

In conclusion, it is worth saying that there is no need to deviate from the treatment, recovery and rehabilitation plan drawn up by the doctor. Get treatment from an experienced traumatologist. A meniscus injury is not something to joke around with. If you follow the treatment and all the recommendations, within a couple of months you will return to your normal lifestyle and forget about these experiences forever.

After any surgical intervention, the patient cannot simply go back to normal life. The reason is simple - the body needs to get used to new anatomical and physiological relationships (after all, as a result of the operation, the anatomy and relative position of the organs, as well as their physiological activity, were changed).

A special case – organ surgery abdominal cavity, in the first days after which the patient must especially strictly adhere to the instructions of the attending physician (in some cases, and related specialist consultants). Why, after abdominal surgery, does a patient need a certain mode and diet? Why can’t you just go back to your old way of life instantly?

Mechanical factors that have a negative effect during surgery

The postoperative period is considered to be a period of time that lasts from the moment the surgical intervention is completed (the patient was taken from the operating room to the ward) until the disappearance of temporary disorders (inconveniences) that were provoked by the surgical injury.

Let's consider what happens during surgery, and how these processes affect postoperative condition the patient – and therefore his regimen.

Normally, a typical condition for any organ of the abdominal cavity is:

lie calmly in your rightful place;
be in contact exclusively with neighboring bodies, which also occupy their rightful place;
carry out tasks prescribed by nature.

During surgery, the stability of this system is disrupted. Whether removing an inflamed one, suturing a perforated one, or “repairing” an injured intestine, the surgeon cannot work only with the organ that is sick and requires repair.

The mesentery, a thin connective tissue film with which the abdominal organs are connected to the inner surface abdominal wall and through which nerve branches approach them and blood vessels. Trauma to the mesentery during surgery can lead to painful shock(despite the fact that the patient is in a state of medicated sleep and does not respond to irritation of its tissues).

The expression “Pull the mesentery” in surgical slang has even acquired a figurative meaning - it means to cause significant inconvenience, cause suffering and pain (not only physical, but also moral).

Chemical factors that have a negative effect during surgery Another factor on which the patient’s condition after surgery depends is medications

, used by anesthesiologists during operations to provide. In most cases, abdominal operations on the abdominal organs are performed under anesthesia, a little less often - under spinal anesthesia. At anesthesia Substances are injected into the bloodstream, the purpose of which is to induce a state of drug-induced sleep and relax the anterior abdominal wall so that it is convenient for surgeons to operate. But in addition to this valuable property for the operating team, such drugs also have “cons” (side properties

). First of all, this is a depressive (depressing) effect on:
central nervous system;
intestinal muscle fibers; muscle fibers.

Bladder Anesthetics that are administered during spinal anesthesia , act locally, without inhibiting the central nervous system, intestines and bladder - but their influence extends to a certain area spinal cord and those departing from him nerve endings who need some time to “get rid” of the effects of anesthetics and return to their previous physiological state

and provide innervation to organs and tissues.

Postoperative changes in the intestines

As a result of the action of the drugs that anesthesiologists administered during surgery to provide anesthesia, the patient’s intestines stop working: muscle fibers do not provide peristalsis ( normal contraction
intestinal walls, as a result of which food masses move towards the anus);
on the part of the mucous membrane, the secretion of mucus is inhibited, which facilitates the passage of food masses through the intestines;

the anus is spasmodic. As a result - gastrointestinal tract after abdominal surgery. If at this moment the patient takes even a small amount of food or liquid, it will immediately be pushed out of the gastrointestinal tract as a result of a reflex.

Due to the fact that the drugs that caused short-term intestinal paresis will be eliminated (will leave) from the bloodstream in a few days, normal passage will resume nerve impulses By nerve fibers the intestinal walls, and it will start working again. Normally, intestinal function resumes on its own, without external stimulation. In the vast majority of cases, this occurs 2-3 days after surgery. Timing may depend on:

volume of the operation (how widely organs and tissues were involved in it);
its duration;
degree of intestinal injury during surgery.

A signal that the intestines have resumed is the release of gases from the patient. This is very important point, indicating that the intestines have coped with the stress of surgery. It’s not for nothing that surgeons jokingly call passing gas the best postoperative music.

Postoperative changes in the central nervous system

Drugs administered to provide anesthesia are completely eliminated from the bloodstream after some time. However, during their stay in the body they manage to influence the structures of the central nervous system, affecting its tissues and inhibiting the passage of nerve impulses through neurons. As a result, a number of patients experience disorders of the central nervous system after surgery. The most common:

sleep disturbance (the patient has difficulty falling asleep, sleeps lightly, wakes up from exposure to the slightest irritant);
tearfulness;
depressed state;
irritability;
violations from the outside (forgetting persons, events in the past, small details of some facts).

Postoperative changes in the skin

After surgery, the patient is forced to remain in a supine position for some time. In those places where bone structures covered with skin with virtually no layer of soft tissue between them, the bone presses on the skin, causing disruption of its blood supply and innervation. As a result, necrosis occurs at the point of pressure skin- so called . In particular, they are formed in such areas of the body as:

Postoperative changes in the respiratory system

Often large abdominal operations are performed under endotracheal anesthesia. For this, the patient is intubated - that is, an endotracheal tube connected to a device is inserted into the upper respiratory tract artificial respiration. Even with careful insertion, the tube irritates the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, making it sensitive to the infectious agent. Another negative point mechanical ventilation ( artificial ventilation lungs) during surgery - some imperfection in the dosing of the gas mixture supplied from the ventilator into the respiratory tract, as well as the fact that normally a person does not breathe such a mixture.

In addition to factors that negatively affect the respiratory system: after surgery, excursion (movements) chest not yet full-fledged, which leads to congestion in the lungs. All these factors together can provoke the occurrence of postoperative pain.

Postoperative changes in blood vessels

Patients who suffered from vascular and blood diseases are prone to formation and tearing in the postoperative period. This is facilitated by a change in blood rheology (its physical properties ), which is observed in the postoperative period. A contributing factor is also that the patient is in a supine position for some time, and then begins to motor activity - sometimes abruptly, as a result of which an existing blood clot may break off.

They are mainly susceptible to thrombotic changes in the postoperative period.

Postoperative changes in the genitourinary system

Often after abdominal surgery, the patient is unable to urinate. There are several reasons:
paresis of the muscle fibers of the bladder wall due to the effects on them of drugs that were administered during surgery to ensure medicinal sleep;
spasm of the bladder sphincter for the same reasons;

difficulty urinating due to the fact that this is done in an unusual and unsuitable position for this - lying down.

Diet after abdominal surgery Until the intestines have started working, the patient cannot eat or drink.

The first dish that is given to the patient after the resumption of peristalsis is a lean thin soup with a very small amount of boiled cereals that do not provoke gas formation (buckwheat, rice), and mashed potatoes. The first meal should be two to three tablespoons. After half an hour, if the body has not rejected the food, you can give two or three more spoons - and so on, up to 5-6 small meals per day. The first meals are aimed not at satisfying hunger, but at “accustoming” gastrointestinal tract to his traditional work.

You should not force the work of the gastrointestinal tract - let better patient will be hungry. Even when the intestines have started working, a hasty expansion of the diet and the load on the gastrointestinal tract can lead to the fact that the stomach and intestines cannot cope, this will cause, due to the concussion of the anterior abdominal wall, a negative impact on the postoperative wound . The diet is gradually expanded in the following sequence:

lean soups;
mashed potatoes;
creamy porridges;
soft-boiled egg;
soaked white bread crackers;
vegetables cooked and pureed until pureed;
steam cutlets;
unsweetened tea.

fat;
acute;
salty;
sour;
fried;
sweet;
fiber;
legumes;
coffee;
alcohol.

Postoperative measures related to the work of the central nervous system

Changes in the central nervous system due to the use of anesthesia can disappear on their own in the period from 3 to 6 months after surgery. Longer-term disorders require consultation with a neurologist and neurological treatment(often outpatient, under the supervision of a doctor). Non-specialized events are:

maintaining a friendly, calm, optimistic atmosphere around the patient;
vitamin therapy;
non-standard methods - dolphin therapy, art therapy, hippotherapy ( beneficial influence communication with horses).

Prevention of bedsores after surgery

In the postoperative period, it is easier to prevent than to cure. Preventive measures should be carried out from the very first minute the patient is in a supine position. This:

rubbing risk areas with alcohol (it must be diluted with water so as not to cause burns);
circles for those places that are prone to bedsores (sacrum, elbow joints, heels), so that the risk areas are as if in limbo - as a result of this, bone fragments will not put pressure on areas of the skin;
massaging tissues in risk areas to improve their blood supply and innervation, and therefore trophism (local nutrition);
vitamin therapy.

If bedsores do occur, they are dealt with using:

drying agents (diamond green);
drugs that improve tissue trophism;
wound healing ointments, gels and creams (panthenol type);
(to prevent infection).

Postoperative prevention

The most main prevention congestion in the lungs - early activity:

getting out of bed early if possible;
regular walks (short but frequent);
gymnastics.

If due to circumstances (large volume of surgery, slow healing of a postoperative wound, fear of a postoperative hernia) the patient is forced to remain in a supine position, measures are taken to prevent congestion in the respiratory organs:

Prevention of thrombus formation and blood clot separation

Before surgery, elderly patients or those who suffer from vascular diseases or changes in the blood coagulation system are carefully examined - they are given:

rheovasography;
determination of prothrombin index.

During surgery, as well as in the postoperative period, the legs of such patients are carefully bandaged. During bed rest lower limbs should be in an elevated position (at an angle of 20-30 degrees to the plane of the bed). Antithrombotic therapy is also used. Its course is prescribed before surgery and continues in the postoperative period.

Measures aimed at restoring normal urination

If in the postoperative period the patient cannot urinate, they resort to the good old reliable method of stimulating urination - the sound of water. To do this, simply open the water tap in the room so that water comes out of it. Some patients, having heard about the method, begin to talk about the dense shamanism of doctors - in fact, these are not miracles, but just a reflex response of the bladder.

In cases where the method does not help, bladder catheterization is performed.

After surgery on the abdominal organs, the patient is in a supine position in the first days. The time frame in which he can get out of bed and start walking is strictly individual and depends on:

volume of operation;
its duration;
patient's age;
his general condition;
presence of concomitant diseases.

After uncomplicated and non-volume operations (hernia repair, appendectomy, etc.), patients can get up as early as 2-3 days after surgery. Volumetric surgical interventions (for a breakthrough ulcer, removal of an injured spleen, suturing of intestinal injuries, etc.) require a longer period of lying down for at least 5-6 days - first the patient may be allowed to sit in bed with his legs dangling, then stand and only then start taking the first steps.

To avoid occurrence postoperative hernias It is recommended to wear a bandage for patients:

with a weak anterior abdominal wall(in particular, with untrained muscles, sagging muscle corset);
obese;
aged;
those who have already been operated on for hernias;
women who have recently given birth.

Due attention should be paid to personal hygiene, water procedures, ventilation of the room. Weakened patients who have been allowed to get out of bed, but find it difficult to do so, are taken to Fresh air in strollers.

In the early postoperative period, intense pain may occur in the area of the postoperative wound. They are stopped (relieved) with painkillers. It is not recommended for the patient to endure pain - pain impulses overstimulate the central nervous system and deplete it, which can lead to a variety of neurological diseases in the future (especially in old age).

Collapse

Removal of the uterus and appendages is perhaps one of the most serious and heavy operations in gynecology. It can cause quite a lot of complications, and in addition, it is characterized by a long and difficult recovery period, during which various restrictions apply to many areas of life. But it is precisely careful adherence to the doctor’s recommendations at this stage that can significantly speed up recovery from the disease, recovery after the procedure and improve the quality of life. This material describes how the postoperative period goes after removal of the uterus, what features it has, and what recommendations should be followed at this stage of treatment.

Duration

How long does the patient’s rehabilitation actually take after such an intervention? To some extent, this is influenced by its method and volume. For example, if the uterus and appendages were removed, then the recovery period can be up to two months, and if only the organ cavity itself, then up to six weeks or one and a half months.

It is customary to distinguish between early and late rehabilitation periods. By early we mean the first three days after surgery, with the first 24 hours having the maximum value. By late we mean the entire remaining period - up to one and a half to two months.

Fast recovery

How to quickly recover after hysterectomy? There are no express methods of recovery after this intervention. This intervention is quite serious and extensive, accompanied by hormonal changes reproductive system. And also, the symptoms of the disease that required amputation of the organ have their own effects. Therefore, the recovery period after removal is normally long and is accompanied, in to the greatest extent in the first weeks, deterioration of health.

Taking into account the individual characteristics of the body, recovery after removal of the uterus can go a little faster or a little slower, but there will still not be a significant difference. And even if your health improves after 2-3 weeks, this does not mean that you should stop following the doctor’s recommendations.

Within 24 hours after the laparotomy was performed, it is necessary to maintain bed rest. It takes a lot of time just to come out of anesthesia. You shouldn't sit down or get up, even to go to the toilet. Although by the end of the first day, carefully, with the help of your hands, it is already acceptable to turn over on your side. Only liquid food is allowed.

First 72 hours

Over time, it is necessary to increase physical activity. At this stage, the patient should already be half-sitting in bed, getting up to go to the toilet, and turning over on her side. You should still eat liquid and semi-liquid food, and by the third day, begin to include easily digestible regular food. It is important to control your bowel movements to avoid constipation and gas formation.

These days, treatment is already being carried out after removal of the uterus - antibiotics are taken wide range actions to avoid infection.

You need to pay attention to your general state – heat after the procedure at this stage may be a sign of an inflammatory process.

One and a half to two months

About a week after the abdominal surgery was performed, antibiotic treatment ends. Often, at this stage, hormone treatment may be prescribed to facilitate menopause (if the ovaries are removed). At the same stage, consultations with a psychologist are prescribed, if necessary.

The patient can eat regular food, but it is important that it is healthy and natural and does not cause constipation or gas. Bed rest is moderate during the first two weeks. Then it can be canceled, but physical exertion should be avoided.

Rehabilitation after hysterectomy excludes saunas, steam baths, and any overheating. You cannot swim in natural bodies of water; you can maintain hygiene using a shower.

What should you do at this stage? It also depends on the type of intervention. Depending on it, the patient may be given additional instructions for rehabilitation.

Subtotal hysterectomy

Perhaps the simplest procedure is hysterectomy, with a short postoperative period. With such an intervention, only the body of the organ is removed, the neck and appendages remain unaffected. The duration of the rehabilitation period is about one and a half months, the scar is small, hormonal treatment is not required.

Total hysterectomy

The uterus and cervix are removed, without appendages. The duration of the recovery period is approximately the same; you can return to sexual activity no earlier than after two months. Hormonal treatment also not required.

Hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy

Not only the body of the organ is removed, but also the appendages - the ovaries and the fallopian tubes. Extirpation of the uterus and appendages is a fairly difficult operation, requiring a long, up to two months, rehabilitation period. Scheme of the procedure in the photo in the material.

Radical hysterectomy

The entire organ is removed. Rehabilitation has the same features as for total hysterectomy.

Intimate life

During the entire recovery period after hysterectomy, it is advisable to avoid intimate life. Although in many ways this can only be determined based on the method by which the intervention was carried out. For example, if only the uterine cavity is removed and the vagina and cervix are completely preserved, doctors allow resuming sex life in a month and a half. If the cervix and upper third of the vagina were removed, the period of abstinence may be longer, since the suture may be injured after the intervention.

Thus, during the first five weeks, sex is prohibited. After this period, you should consult with a specialist on this issue. This is true for any time that has passed after abdominal surgery to remove the uterus - consult your doctor before resuming sexual activity.

Sport

When can you exercise after a hysterectomy? This question can only be answered taking into account the type and intensity of loads. On initial stages recovery after any procedure physical activity there should be a minimum. After the first week of rehabilitation, it can be added physiotherapy, which prevents the formation of adhesions, etc. After completing a full rehabilitation period, you can again engage in gymnastics and aerobics in moderate amount and without excessive loads and strength exercises.

You can also start doing fitness no earlier than 2 months after the intervention, and only with the permission of the attending physician. Concerning professional sports, bodybuilding - the time to start such exercises should be discussed with your doctor separately, since important role plays the nature of the load, the nature of the intervention, the speed and characteristics of healing.

Example of a daily routine

Rehabilitation after surgery is faster with correct mode day. You need to sleep more - in the first 7 days after the procedure you need to sleep as much as you want. Then it is recommended to sleep for at least 8 hours, but you can’t sleep for more than 10 hours either, since at this stage you shouldn’t lie down too much. Needed physical exercise to avoid blood stagnation and the formation of adhesions. That is, bed rest should still be observed, but not excessively - taking into account sleep, you should spend 13-15 hours a day in bed, the rest of the time it is better to sit, walk, and do simple, non-stressful household chores.

Starting from the second week, walks are shown. At first, short ones - 15-20 minutes each. Over time, their duration can be increased to one hour in good weather. Every day you need to do therapeutic exercises for 10-15 minutes.

Diet example

As already mentioned, for the first three days it is better to eat enough light food– natural vegetable broths and puree. Then you can gradually introduce food of normal consistency, and by the end of 5-6 days the patient should switch to a general diet. Although the food must meet the requirements healthy eating, it is necessary to avoid fried, fatty, canned, smoked, and also sweets, preservatives and dyes. For example, the diet could be like this:

Breakfast - rolled oats porridge, egg, black tea;
Late breakfast – fruit, cottage cheese;
Lunch – soup with vegetable or chicken/meat broth, lean beef with rice, rosehip broth;
Afternoon snack – vegetable/fruit salad or yogurt;
Dinner - white fish with fresh or stewed vegetables, tea.

In general, after surgery to remove the uterus, you must adhere to the rules of a healthy diet, eat small meals, and do not overeat. The calorie content of the diet should remain at the same level.

Consequences

Consequences after removal of the uterus in the recovery period are possible if the rules for its passage are violated, as well as with certain characteristics of the body. For example, complications such as:

Depression, nervous breakdowns, other complications of an emotional and psychological nature;
Bleeding due to poor healing of sutures or stress on them;
Suture endometriosis is a condition in which the endometrium begins to form on the peritoneum (extremely rare);
Infection of the blood or peritoneum, neighboring organs during the operation manifests itself precisely during this period;
Long-term and persistent pain syndrome that develops when nerve trunks are damaged;
An inflammatory process, temperature after removal of the uterus is a sign of it;
Attachment of viruses and infections, fungi, as a result of reduced local immunity;
Some deterioration in the quality of sexual life, which usually disappears after hormonal therapy;
Decreased libido, which is also regulated by hormones;
Possible problems with the intestines, constipation;
Symptoms early menopause when removing not only the cavity, but also the ovaries.

Moreover, after abdominal surgery, which was performed under general anesthesia, complications can always arise after anesthesia. But they appear already in the first 24 hours after the procedure.

Conclusion

Regardless of the method used surgical intervention to remove an organ, a properly conducted recovery period is no less important than careful preparation for the intervention and its high-quality implementation. It is now that healing occurs, and it depends on it whether the patient will be bothered by the consequences of this intervention in the future. For example, if the postoperative period after removal of the uterus is carried out correctly, then adhesions will not form, which can subsequently cause pain, the scar will smooth out more or less aesthetically, etc.

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Every year more and more operations are performed to remove ovarian cysts using laparoscopy. This trend is explained by the deterioration in the quality of life - poor nutrition, unfavorable environmental situation, constant stress, and most importantly, a careless attitude towards one’s own health. All this ultimately leads to the appearance of not the most dangerous, but quite insidious tumor– ovarian cysts, which can seriously reduce the chances of pregnancy. That's why everyone more women fall on operating table to remove the cyst and live a healthy, fulfilling life.

In this article we will understand the reasons for the formation of a cyst, and also talk about how the surgical intervention takes place and how to restore the body after the operation.

Why does a cyst appear?

In medicine, a cyst is a benign tumor that occurs against the background of hormonal imbalance. Disruption of hormone production leads to a situation in which the egg, which is certain moment must leave the follicle and unite with the sperm, does not leave the ovary, and a little later the follicle fills with fluid, becoming a cyst. In itself, such a neoplasm is not dangerous, however, the emerging tumor at any time can begin to increase in size and fester, increasing the risk of rupture and the development of peritonitis. In addition, it is often the cyst that prevents a woman from becoming pregnant, which means that in order not to endanger her health and have a chance to have a child, the woman decides to undergo surgery.

Surgeons remove the cyst using the least traumatic method – laparoscopy. During such a procedure, carried out under general anesthesia, three small punctures are made in the patient’s lower abdomen, and medical instruments and a camera are inserted through them. And so that nothing interferes with the removal of the cyst, specially prepared gas is pumped into the patient’s peritoneum. This operation takes no more than 40 minutes, and the result of surgical manipulations is getting rid of the cyst and three almost invisible sutures.

Postoperative rehabilitation

It is worth noting that recovery process after the laparoscopic method, removal occurs much faster than after conventional surgery. And to speed up recovery and avoid postoperative complications, it is important to adhere to the basic stages of rehabilitation prescribed by the gynecologist. Let's list them:

1. Taking hormonal drugs. To facilitate the functioning of the ovaries and prevent re-education cysts, the patient may be prescribed antigonadotropins or synthetic progestins. They are usually taken from the first day until the next menstruation.

2. Magnetic therapy affecting the operated area. This procedure helps to relieve painful sensations and prevent the inflammatory process.

3. Laser radiation. This low-intensity radiation helps prevent possible relapses.

4. Phonophoresis. Improves metabolic processes in tissues and promotes their speedy recovery. It is better to start undergoing procedures a month after the intervention, combining the effects of phonophoresis with the use of medications, for example, hydrocortisone.

5. Ozone therapy. The procedure improves blood microcirculation, increases immune protection body and has a bactericidal effect.

In addition, for a month after the operation, the patient should adhere to fractional dietary nutrition, drink vitamin complexes(necessarily including ascorbic acid), and engage in moderate physical activity.

Pain after surgery

Pain is a constant companion during the postoperative recovery period. And although the pain after skin punctures is incomparably easier to bear than after a conventional operation, for several days and even weeks it can be serious problem for the operated patient. To minimize discomfort The woman is prescribed painkillers and is also advised not to make sudden movements.

Another thing is the gas that is used to fill the peritoneum for the operation. He puts a lot of pressure on internal organs, because of which the patient feels aches and pains in the lower back and back for several days after the intervention. To quickly normalize the condition, you need to walk more, taking walks 2-3 times a day. Medicines do not bring relief in such a situation.

Possible discharge after surgery

During the recovery period, various uncharacteristic discharges may appear from the patient’s vagina. During the first 3-4 days they may be bloody, which can be considered normal if the volume is small. For two weeks after the intervention, it may be released clear slime, and that's okay too. It is necessary to sound the alarm when heavy bleeding or yellowish thick mucus appears.

When you are discharged from the hospital and the stitches are removed

Let us say right away that just three hours after the operation in question, the patient can get to her feet on her own. Moreover, doctors strongly recommend starting to move immediately, the main thing is to do it smoothly so as not to damage the stitches.

If the surgery was successful, the woman can be discharged from the hospital on the 3rd day. However, practice shows that in most cases, discharge occurs on the 5th day, after which she will be on sick leave for up to 10 days. In order for recovery to occur more intensively, it is important to follow medical recommendations, namely:

for 1 month do not take a bath or visit the sauna (shower only);
any physical activity should be avoided for thirty days after surgery;
lifting heavy objects after such an operation is prohibited for 3 months;
you should avoid long hikes and trips;
sexual contact should be avoided for 4 weeks and unprotected intimacy a few more months, since experts do not recommend getting pregnant for the first six months after cyst removal.

If we talk about the sutures (one is located in the navel, and two are slightly lower), then they need to be disinfected every day for a week, and, if necessary, drained. Complete healing of the sutures takes place in about 8–10 days, after which they become almost invisible. By this time, the woman should visit the doctor to have the stitches removed.

Menstruation after surgery

If the surgery went without complications, menstrual cycle must start on time. However, the majority of patients who have undergone this operation, report that their periods appeared only two cycles after laparoscopy. This period of delay can be considered normal, but if it drags on even longer, you need to visit a doctor and undergo an examination. In addition, during the first months after surgery, the duration and nature of menstrual flow, which should also be noted. In this regard, heavy and prolonged periods should be alarming.

Postoperative nutrition

Doctors strongly do not recommend eating on the day of surgery. It is only allowed to accept clean water without gas. In the first week after surgery, you are allowed to eat liquid or well-ground pureed food, which should preferably be steamed. From fried and canned food, spicy and salty foods, as well as all kinds of sauces and marinades, you should abstain for the first 25–30 days after surgery. You should not eat smoked meats, offal, or flour products. In addition, it is not recommended to eat for a week after the intervention. raw vegetables and fruits.

During the recovery period, it is useful to consume liquid soups and cereals, as well as pre-boiled and grated vegetables and fruits. You can start returning to your previous diet in about a month.