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Attention is a mental process that ensures the direction and concentration of consciousness on a fixed object. Without it, a person will not be able to organize productive conscious activity, and therefore it is important already in preschool age Offer children effective games and exercises to develop attention.

Exercise 1. Icons in shapes

Preparation

1. A 5x5 table filled in random order with geometric shapes:
   • rhombus;
   • square;
   • triangle;
2. Sample filling:
   • "+" in a square;
   • “–” in a circle;
   • "v" in diamond;
   • "o" in triangle

Exercise

1. Look carefully at the leaflet.
2. How many figures are there in each line?
3. How many figures are in each column?
4. What color are [squares | diamonds | triangles | circles]?
5. Take a pencil in your hands and put an icon in each figure, as in the sample. If you forget which icon to put, you can look at the sample.

When your child completes the exercise, discuss the results. Count how many mistakes he made.

The game can be made even more interesting. For each correctly placed icon, the child earns 1 point. Having scored 25 points, the child receives a small prize (a small toy, candy, apple, etc.). For each mistake made, he must make 1 forfeit. If several children perform the exercise, the winner gives forfeits to the losers.

Exercise 2. Correct the mistake

At the age of 4–5 years, children already master the grammatical structure of speech, and the accumulated knowledge allows them to find logical inconsistencies in sentences. Use this to train your child's auditory attention and work on his stability

This exercise does not require special preparation, but you can print cards in advance with sentences in which the child will need to look for an error. If your child has already learned to read on his own, offer him independent work with cards. Otherwise, read the text, and let the little one correct the mistakes made by the author.

For example:

1. White snow is falling on the sky.
2. The plane flies under the forest.
3. A white snowflake swirls beautifully in the air.
4. Water freezes and turns into ice.
5. An old kindergarten was built next to our house.

Exercise 3. Drawing by cells

Drawing by cells is a great way to develop attentiveness. In this segment of tasks you can choose an option for any level of development.

Ask the kids to continue stitching simple patterns:

If continuing the pattern does not cause any difficulties, make the task simple: the child needs to complete the pattern, focusing on your verbal commands, without a visual sample. In this format, the exercise perfectly trains visual and auditory attentiveness, and also perfectly develops spatial thinking.

Invite attentive preschool children to repeat the drawing according to the example:

Exercise 4. “Picture - word”

Preparation:

Several images. You can prepare a random set of pictures or use this exercise for additional practice of the lexical topic being studied:

• winter;
• dishes;
• furniture;
• vegetables and fruits;
• pets, etc.

You can replace the pictures with objects: toys, sports equipment, items of clothing, etc.

Exercise

You show the child a picture (object) and say the word. If the image and the word match, the baby claps his hands; if not, he stomps his feet.

Pictures can be shown repeatedly.

Stop the game if you notice that your baby has lost interest or, on the contrary, is overly excited (shouting out of his seat, not letting you finish the word, becoming fussy and uncollected).

Exercise 5. Spy dances

You can develop attention in different ways. For example, during a fun children's disco. Offer your child not ordinary dances, but spy ones. Agree that for dance moves you will have your own code: each pa is encoded with a number.

For example:

• 1 - two jumps;
• 2 - spin in place;
• 3 - three claps.

Now turn on the music and give orders. It will probably be difficult for the child at first. In this case, connect the verbal commands with the demonstration of appropriate movements. Gradually, the baby will remember your code, and then the success of the task will depend solely on the child’s attentiveness.

1. Significant impact on the development of mindfulness in childhood food plays. Milk and dairy products have a beneficial effect on brain function, fresh fruits, vegetables, greens.
2. It is important to follow a daily routine. Active work(whether physical or mental work) should alternate with rest. Develop your child, train his attention and memory, but please don’t overdo it. The brain needs rest no less than the muscles.
3. For performance child's body oxygen is needed. Regular walks on fresh air will help you raise an attentive, collected and diligent child who will find it easy to study at school, complete teacher assignments and master new sciences.

Be attentive to your little one, enjoy parenthood, and let it be happy.

Modern society is developing dynamically and requires comprehensively developed individuals. Therefore, teachers actively involve parents in the process of teaching children with disabilities. early age. It is no coincidence that the emphasis is on the development of attention before the age of 6 years.

Attention is the concentration of consciousness on some external object. It can be anything - objects, phenomena, relationships, feelings, or inner world person. To focus attention on any object, you need to make an effort and gather your perception on one thing. The outside world and way of life surround a person from birth with a huge amount of information. A person is not able to fully assimilate all this. He needs a system that helps highlight the most important and necessary information. This system is attention.

The ability to focus your attention plays a huge role for schoolchildren. Therefore, it is especially important to use the age of 5-6 years to develop attention in children. This development is one of the main ones for preparing children for school. Developing attention is as important as teaching reading and writing.

How can you characterize attention?

The main problem in the development process is the restlessness of children. Children aged 5-6 years often suffer from an inability to maintain attention. It is difficult for them to concentrate on one thing. Any learning process turns into torture. The child is constantly distracted, plays around and cannot remember even the simplest lesson.

In this case, another quality that is inherent in children at this age will help - curiosity. Kids are very curious. Therefore, any process of teaching children should interest and involve them. Information “under pressure” will not be absorbed. In the worst case, such a lesson will cause psychological trauma to kid.

A feature of the attention of children 5-6 years old is that it attracts appearance items. Attention is divided into several types:

1. Voluntary - this type requires a person to make an effort to concentrate. That is, it is a forced process when a person does what is necessary.
2. Involuntary - occurs spontaneously and does not depend on human efforts.
3. Post-voluntary – occurs during training, removing concentration and volitional effort.

Children aged 5-6 years are not yet able to force themselves to do anything on their own. Therefore, their attention is mainly voluntary. The learning process should be built on attracting the child’s attention and retaining it. With each lesson, your attention span will increase.

The baby's involuntary attention arises and remains as long as interest in objects remains. Psychologists recommend forcing the child to reason out loud. Then the process of involvement in learning is maximum.

Attention has the following properties:

• sustainability;
• concentration;
• volume;
• selectivity;
• switchability

Violation of any property leads to a change in the baby’s behavior.

Important: before the age of 5, a child cannot concentrate and control his attention. He may be attracted to large bright objects, loud sounds etc. But by the age of 6 the situation changes dramatically. Development is taking a different path. Children are immersed in the exploration of new knowledge headlong. They can already control their attention, speech and train of thought. True, not for long.

How to determine your attention level

Every year, voluntary attention develops and becomes more stable. Children 5-6 years old already have the opportunity to follow the course of their thoughts, draw conclusions and analyze the situation.

To understand at what level the child’s attention development is, objective and subjective methods are used:

1. Raven's table.
2. B. Bourdon's algorithm “Corrective test”.
3. Algorithm N. Gutkina “House”.

To determine the level of attention, not only testing methods for children are used. Parents should also be involved in this process. Teachers usually ask them to fill out questionnaires and conduct a survey.

These are techniques that are used by experienced teachers and psychologists in educational institutions. At home, you are unlikely to be able to cope with such techniques on your own and draw the right conclusions.

Important: the attention span of a child under 5 years old is no more than 2 objects in which he is interested. By the age of 6, this is already 3 objects. Schoolchildren can keep their attention on 5 objects, and an adult on 7. You should not demand more from your child than he can by age.

For self-determination the child’s attention level, you can use simple games:

1. Find 5 differences (two identical pictures, except for a few details).
2. Find the same pair.
3. Find the hidden triangle/square/circle in the picture.
4. Labyrinth (you can’t use a pencil, look for a way out only with your eyes).

It’s so easy to understand whether your baby can show perseverance and complete the task. The norm for concentrating at the age of 5-6 years is considered to be 10 - 30 minutes.

For any learning process it is important to ensure the correct environment. It is useful to conduct activities in the fresh air. Without access to oxygen, in rooms with stale air, the brain cannot cope with new information, and does not assimilate it. Shallow breathing may disrupt the learning process. Therefore, it is important to monitor the child’s breathing and teach him how to deep breaths. Soap bubbles and balls, whistles and wind instruments help perfectly with this.

The technique that our grandmothers used is called needlework. It's simple and effective. While studying manual labor, the child actively develops concentration and finger motor skills. It is wrong to think that needlework is for girls. At this age, boys also enjoy sewing dolls, knitting toys and assembling ship models.

Participation in household chores actively helps the child learn to concentrate on any task. Pet care plays a big role in this.

The main thing is to be patient and not rush to do the child’s work if something doesn’t work out for him.

In order to fully prepare a child for school, it is necessary to pay attention almost from his birth Special attention on the formation of higher mental processes. One of them is attention. This is a selective, conscious focus of perception on a specific object for some time. And if children do not yet have it as such (at least, it is very insignificant), then the development of attention in children 3-4 years old, and even more so at 5 years old, proceeds by leaps and bounds. And this aspect of raising a child needs to be given a lot of time.

In order for the development of attention in children 4-5 years old to correspond to the norm, parents need to know the basic properties of this mental process. This will allow you to correctly place emphasis during education. At this age, a child must learn to select the information he needs and discard the unnecessary. His little brain receives every second great amount signals. And if a child at 3-4 years old does not begin to develop attention, which acts as a kind of filter, his brain will not avoid overload, which will subsequently negatively affect his success in learning. This function has certain properties. If their development does not correspond to their age, this will lead to deviations in the child’s activities.

1. Volume. If it is small, it is impossible to concentrate on several objects at the same time, much less keep them in mind.
2. Concentration and stability. If they are insufficient, it is impossible to maintain attention for a long time without weakening it or being distracted.
3. Selectivity. Without the development of this property, children cannot concentrate on the required part of the material necessary to solve a particular task assigned to them.
4. Switchability. If it is poorly developed, it is difficult to move from one type of activity to another.
5. Distribution. Without it, the child will not be able to do several things at the same time.
6. Arbitrariness. Without its development, it is difficult for children to focus attention if it is required of them.

In order for the development of a child’s attention in the period from 3 to 5 years to correspond to his, you need to purposefully work on all the above listed properties this mental function. There are special techniques, games, and exercises for this. If a precious moment was missed and something was not formed in accordance with the standards, you will have to carry out specially organized work, involving specialists. To prevent things from coming to this, it is useful for parents to know about the age-related characteristics of attention development in children 3-4-5 years old.

Peculiarities

Immediately before school, the development of attention in a 5-year-old child should be such that he passes testing for 1st grade, where there will definitely be tasks for the formation of all these properties. Age characteristics of this higher mental function for children 3-4-5 years old are as follows.

Are common

• The ability to control attention is extremely low;
• it is difficult to direct him to the subject through verbal instructions;
• to switch, you need to repeat the instruction over and over again;
• volume includes no more than 5 objects;
• retention is possible for only 7-8 minutes;
• is involuntary;
• stability depends primarily on the nature of the activity: it is negatively affected by the child’s impulsiveness, capricious and uncontrollable desire to immediately get the object he needs, do something, respond.

3 years

• The initial form of voluntary attention is developing;
• distribution between 2 objects or actions is practically inaccessible;
• the baby cannot yet be attentive as such;
• attention at this age is shown only in specific mental processes: the child peers, listens, wants to guess the riddle, tries to read the “primer”, plays, draws enthusiastically.

4 years

• Finally, there appears a full-fledged ability to direct one’s own attention to a specific object or activity as directed by an adult, according to his instructions;
• accordingly, the development of all the above properties begins.

5 years

• The most initial, elementary form of full-fledged voluntary attention arises;
• willingly and successfully plays attention and memory games for children 5 years old, completing all tasks;
• is able to draw up simple self-instructions for his own attention and follow them;
• sustainability is built in active work, manipulation of objects, in games, when performing various actions.

This is the rate at which the attention of 4-5 year old children develops. At 3 years old it is still difficult to talk about the formation of this mental function, but after 2 years it should already meet fairly high criteria. In order to check whether everything is in order in this area for your baby, you can give him several simple attention tasks.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of the development of attention in children 4-5 years old is carried out by specialists, as well as upon admission to 1st grade. At home, parents can independently give him several tasks and see how quickly and efficiently he can complete them.

1. Find identical objects in the picture and name their color.
2. Draw 2 houses, 2 bunnies. Draw a path from each animal to a separate house so that they intersect. Follow with your eyes the path of each bunny to his personal house. Show where someone lives. Is it difficult to do this visually? You are allowed to run your finger along the path.
3. Color the geometric and irregular shape figurines according to the model.
4. Draw the outlines of several (about 3-4) different objects so that they overlap each other. Find what objects are depicted.
5. Find the differences in the picture. If there is difficulty, leading questions are resolved.

If a preschooler finds it difficult to complete any of the tasks, then more time should be devoted to this aspect. And for this purpose, there are specially designed games for developing attention in children 4-5 years old, which will be both useful and interesting to him at the same time.

Development methods

Games for attention and memory for children 4 years old (+/- 1 year) are inextricably linked, since these two higher mental functions interconnected. Such play activities They will entertain the baby, and at the same time teach them to pay attention to something interesting and new around them, which may be useful in the future.

• Interesting walk

When you walk, describe all the small details you encounter along the way. For example, what bright green leaves on the trees, what a beautiful mannequin in the window, how cheerfully the dog wags its tail. Talk to your baby more.

But first, make sure your baby knows all these numbers. Tell him: “Try to find, show and say out loud the numbers from 1 to 25 as quickly as possible.” Most children 5-7 years old complete this task in 1.5-2 minutes and with almost no errors. Another variation of this game: prepare a table with 25 cells, on which numbers from 1 to 35 are written in random order, of which 10 numbers are missing. Ask your child to find and show all the numbers in a row, and write down the missing numbers (if he cannot write down the numbers, then just have him tell them to you). Record the time it took your child to complete this task. If these exercises turned out to be difficult for your son or daughter, make a simpler table, for example, with 9 cells

Where is whose house?

A game for developing sustained attention. Offer your child a drawing depicting seven different little animals, each of which is hurrying to its own house. Lines connect animals to their homes. You need to determine where whose house is without drawing a pencil along the lines. If the task is difficult for the child, then allow him to put the pencil aside over time.

Clap your hands

You can play like this. Call your child various words: table, bed, cup, pencil, bear, fork, etc. The baby listens carefully and claps his hands when he comes across a word that means, for example, an animal. If the baby gets confused, repeat the game from the beginning.