Allergy to Mexidol. What does Mexidol help with and how to use it correctly? You carry out all these manipulations before the ambulance arrives, which you call immediately upon discovery of the pills eaten by the child

Mexidol is an antioxidant agent.

Release form and composition

Mexidol is available in the following dosage forms:

• Film-coated tablets: round, biconvex, pure white or cream-colored (10 pieces in blister packs, 3 or 5 packs in a cardboard box);
• Solution for injection: transparent, colorless or with a slight yellowish tint (2 ml in glass ampoules, 5 ampoules in blister packs, 2, 4, 10 or 20 packs in a cardboard pack; 5 ml in glass ampoules, 5 ampoules in blister packs, in a cardboard pack 1, 4, 10 or 20 packs).

The active ingredient is ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate. Its content:

• 1 tablet – 125 mg;
• 1 ml of solution – 50 mg.

Auxiliary components of the tablets: magnesium stearate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and lactose monohydrate.

Composition of the tablet coating: opadry II white (polyvinyl alcohol, titanium dioxide, talc and macrogol).

Auxiliary components of the solution: sodium metabisulfite and injection water.

Indications for use

For solution:

• Encephalopathy;
• Traumatic brain injuries and their consequences;
• Acute cerebrovascular accidents;
• Anxiety disorders caused by neurotic and neurosis-like conditions;
• Acute intoxication with antipsychotic drugs;
• Withdrawal syndrome in alcoholism with a predominance of vegetative-vascular and neurosis-like disorders (for relief);
• Acute myocardial infarction (as part of complex therapy, from the first day);
• Acute purulent-inflammatory processes abdominal cavity, such as peritonitis and acute necrotizing pancreatitis (as part of complex therapy);
• Primary open-angle glaucoma (as part of combination therapy).

For tablets:

• Mild traumatic brain injury, as well as the consequences of any traumatic brain injury;
• Autonomic dystonia syndrome;
• Encephalopathies of various origins(dysmetabolic, post-traumatic, dyscirculatory, mixed);
• Mild cognitive disorders of atherosclerotic origin;
• Anxiety disorders in neurotic and neurosis-like conditions;
• Impact of stress (extreme) factors;
• Conditions after acute intoxication antipsychotics;
• Withdrawal syndrome in alcoholism with a predominance of vegetative-vascular and neurosis-like disorders (relief), as well as post-withdrawal disorders;
• Asthenic conditions;
• Coronary heart disease (as one of the drugs in complex therapy);
• Consequences of acute cerebrovascular accidents in the subcompensation phase, incl. after transient ischemic attacks (as preventive courses);
• Prevention of the development of somatic diseases under the influence of extreme stress and other factors.

Contraindications

The use of Mexidol is contraindicated in the following cases:

• Acute renal and/or liver dysfunction;
• Hypersensitivity to the components included in the drug.

Due to insufficient data on effectiveness and safety, the drug is not recommended for use in children, pregnant and breastfeeding women.

Directions for use and dosage

Mexidol solution is intended for intramuscular (IM) and intravenous (IV) jet or drip administration. To prepare the infusion solution, 0.9% sodium chloride solution is used as a solvent.

The drug is administered intravenously: drip - at a rate of 40-60 drops per minute, stream - for 5-7 minutes. The maximum permissible daily dose is 1200 mg.

• Acute intoxication antipsychotic drugs: IV 200-500 mg per day for 7-14 days;
• Traumatic brain injuries and their consequences: intravenous drip at a dose of 200-500 mg 2-4 times a day for 10-15 days;
• Acute cerebrovascular accidents: in the first 10-14 days - intravenous drip at a dose of 200-500 mg 2 to 4 times a day, over the next 2 weeks - intramuscularly at a dose of 200-250 mg 2-3 times a day day;
• Decompensated discirculatory encephalopathy: 200-500 mg intravenously or in a stream 1-2 times a day for 14 days, over the next 2 weeks - 100-250 mg intramuscularly per day;
• Prevention of dyscirculatory encephalopathy: 200-500 mg intramuscularly 2 times a day, course – 10-14 days;
• Mild cognitive impairment in older people and anxiety disorders: IM 100-300 mg per day for 14-30 days;
• Open-angle glaucoma: 100-300 mg IM 1-3 times a day. Duration of treatment – ​​14 days;
• Withdrawal symptoms alcohol syndrome: IV drip or IM at a dose of 200-500 mg 2-3 times a day for 5-7 days;
• Acute purulent-inflammatory processes of the abdominal cavity: the dose is determined individually depending on the form and severity of the disease, prevalence inflammatory process and clinical course options. Mexidol is discontinued gradually after achieving a stable positive clinical and laboratory effect;
• Acute edematous pancreatitis: IV drip (in sodium chloride solution) and IM 200-500 mg 3 times a day;
• Mild necrotizing pancreatitis: IV drip (in sodium chloride solution) and IM 100-200 mg 3 times a day;
• Moderate necrotizing pancreatitis: intravenous drip (in sodium chloride solution) 200 mg 3 times a day;
• Severe necrotizing pancreatitis: on the first day, a pulse dosage of 800 mg is prescribed, then - 200-500 mg 2 times a day with a gradual decrease in the daily dose;
• An extremely severe form of necrotizing pancreatitis: intravenous drip (in sodium chloride solution), the initial daily dose is 800 mg, after persistent relief of the manifestations of shock and stabilization of the condition - 300-500 mg 2 times a day with a gradual decrease in the daily dose;
• Acute myocardial infarction (in addition to traditional therapy, including beta-blockers, nitrates, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, thrombolytics, antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs, as well as symptomatic drugs according to indications): it is advisable to administer the drug intravenously for the first 5 days to achieve maximum effect, the next 9 days - possible intramuscularly. General course treatment – ​​14 days. IV administration is carried out by slow drip infusion. Mexidol is diluted in 100-150 ml of 5% dextrose solution or 0.9% sodium chloride solution and administered over 30-90 minutes. If necessary, slow infusion over at least 5 minutes is allowed. The frequency of use of the drug is 3 times a day at intervals of 8 hours. Single dose – 2-3 mg/kg, but not more than 250 mg, daily dose – 6-9 mg/kg, but not more than 800 mg.

Mexidol tablets should be taken orally. Depending on the indications, 125-250 mg is prescribed 3 times a day.

For cupping alcohol withdrawal 5-7 days are enough. In other cases, the duration of treatment is 2-6 weeks. The drug is discontinued gradually, reducing the dose over 2-3 days.

The minimum duration of treatment for coronary heart disease is 1.5-2 months. If prescribed by a doctor, repeated courses can be given (preferably in the spring and autumn).

Side effects

In general, Mexidol is well tolerated. Sometimes there are individual side effects dyspeptic nature. Allergic reactions and drowsiness are possible.

Some patients, especially those with bronchial asthma and those with hypersensitivity to sulfites, are likely to develop severe hypersensitivity reactions.

special instructions

Mexidol is combined with all medications that are traditionally used in the treatment of somatic diseases.

Drug interactions

Ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate enhances the effect of anticonvulsants and antiparkinsonian drugs, anxiolytics, antidepressants, and benzodiazepine derivatives.

Reduces the toxic effect of ethanol.

Terms and conditions of storage

Do not expose to light or moisture. Store at a temperature not exceeding 25 ºС. Keep away from children.

Shelf life – 3 years.

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Solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration 50 mg/ml 5 ml; 50 mg/ml 2 ml;

- Tablets 125 mg;

- Solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration 50 mg 100 mg

- Pills

- Solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration 50 mg/ml

Analogs

These are drugs belonging to the same pharmaceutical group, which contain different active substances (INN), differ in name, but are used to treat the same diseases.

• - Capsules 0.25 g
• - Substance-powder
• - Solution for intramuscular administration, ampoule 2.2 ml
• - Solution for intramuscular administration 2 ml with scarifier
• - Solution for intravenous administration 5 ml; 10 ml
• - Solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration 5 mg/ml; 30 mg/ml

Indications for use of the drug Mexidol

acute disorders cerebral circulation;

TBI, consequences of TBI;

Encephalopathy;

Autonomic dystonia syndrome;

Mild cognitive disorders of atherosclerotic origin;

Anxiety disorders in neurotic and neurosis-like conditions;

Relief of withdrawal syndrome in alcoholism with a predominance of neurosis-like and vegetative-vascular disorders;

Acute intoxication with antipsychotic drugs;

Acute purulent-inflammatory processes in the abdominal cavity (acute necrotizing pancreatitis, peritonitis) - as part of complex therapy.

Release form of the drug Mexidol

Solution for injection 5% 1 amp.
Mexidol

In ampoules of 2 ml, in a blister pack there are 5 ampoules; in a cardboard pack 2 packs.

Solution for injection 1 amp.
mexidol 50 mg

In ampoules of 2 or 5 ml, in a blister pack 5 ampoules; in a cardboard pack 2 packs.

Pharmacodynamics of the drug Mexidol

Mexidol has antihypoxic, membrane protective, nootropic, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic effects, and increases the body's resistance to stress. The drug increases the body's resistance to the effects of major damaging factors, to oxygen-dependent pathological conditions (shock, hypoxia and ischemia, cerebrovascular accident, intoxication with alcohol and antipsychotic drugs - antipsychotics).

Mexidol improves cerebral metabolism and blood supply to the brain, microcirculation and rheological properties of blood, and reduces platelet aggregation. Stabilizes the membrane structures of blood cells (erythrocytes and platelets) during hemolysis. It has a hypolipidemic effect, reduces the level of total cholesterol and LDL.

Reduces enzymatic toxemia and endogenous intoxication in acute pancreatitis.

The mechanism of action of Mexidol is due to its antihypoxic, antioxidant and membrane protective effects. It inhibits the processes of lipid peroxidation, increases the activity of superoxide oxidase, increases the lipid-protein ratio, reduces the viscosity of the membrane, and increases its fluidity. Modulates the activity of membrane-bound enzymes (calcium-independent phosphodiesterase, adenylate cyclase, acetylcholinesterase), receptor complexes (benzodiazepine, GABA, acetylcholine), which enhances their ability to bind to ligands, helps preserve the structural and functional organization of biomembranes, improves the transport of neurotransmitters and synaptic transmission. Mexidol increases dopamine levels in the brain. Causes an increase in the compensatory activity of aerobic glycolysis and a decrease in the degree of inhibition oxidative processes in the Krebs cycle under hypoxic conditions, with an increase in the content of ATP, creatine phosphate and activation of the energy-synthesizing functions of mitochondria, stabilization of cell membranes.

Pharmacokinetics of the drug Mexidol

When administered intramuscularly, the drug is detected in the blood plasma for 4 hours after administration. Cmax when administered in doses of 400–500 mg is 3.5–4.0 mcg/ml, Tmax is 0.45–0.50 hours. Mexidol quickly passes from the bloodstream into organs and tissues and is quickly eliminated from the body. The drug retention time (MRT) is 0.7–1.3 hours. Mexidol is excreted from the body in the urine, mainly in glucurone-conjugated form and in small quantities unchanged.

Use of the drug Mexidol during pregnancy

Contraindicated during pregnancy. During treatment, breastfeeding should be stopped (adequate and strictly controlled clinical studies of the safety of the drug Mexidol during pregnancy and breastfeeding have not been conducted).

Contraindications to the use of the drug Mexidol

increased individual sensitivity to the drug;

Acute renal impairment;

Acute liver dysfunction.

Strictly controlled clinical studies of the safety of the drug Mexidol in children, pregnancy and breastfeeding have not been conducted.

Side effects of the drug Mexidol

Nausea and dry mouth, drowsiness, and allergic reactions may occur.

Method of administration and dosage of the drug Mexidol

IM or IV (stream or drip). For intravenous administration, water for injection is used as a solvent. Mexidol is administered in a stream over 5–7 minutes, and dropwise at a rate of 60 drops per minute. Doses are selected individually.

Begin treatment with a dose of 0.05–0.1 g 1–3 times a day, gradually increasing the dose until therapeutic effect. The duration of treatment and the choice of individual dose depend on the severity of the patient’s condition and the effectiveness of treatment. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 0.8 g.

For the treatment of atherosclerotic dementia in elderly patients, Mexidol is prescribed intramuscularly at a dose of 0.1–0.3 g/day.

In case of acute intoxication with neuroleptics, the drug is administered into a vein at a dose of 0.5–0.3 g/day.

IN complex treatment For acute purulent-inflammatory processes of the abdominal cavity (acute destructive pancreatitis, peritonitis), Mexidol is prescribed in a single dose of 200 mg 3 times a day. In case of severe disease, the drug is diluted in 200 ml of physiological 0.9% sodium chloride solution and administered at a rate of 40–60 drops per minute. For milder cases of the disease, Mexidol is administered intramuscularly. The course of treatment is 3–10 days.

Overdose of Mexidol

In case of overdose, drowsiness may develop.

Interactions of the drug Mexidol with other drugs

Enhances the effect of benzodiazepine anxiolytics (phenazepam, diazepam), anticonvulsants (carbamazepine) and antiparkinsonian drugs (levodopa). Reduces the toxic effects of ethyl alcohol.

Precautions when taking Mexidol

Patients with blood pressure above 180/100 mmHg, a crisis course of arterial hypertension and severe affective instability require careful monitoring of blood pressure during Mexidol therapy.
Use with caution while working for vehicle drivers and people whose profession involves increased concentration.

Special instructions when taking Mexidol

In some cases, especially in predisposed patients with bronchial asthma with increased sensitivity to sulfites, severe hypersensitivity reactions may develop.

Storage conditions for the drug Mexidol

List B.: In a place protected from light.

Shelf life of the drug Mexidol

The drug Mexidol belongs to the ATX classification:

N Nervous system

N07 Other drugs for the treatment of diseases of the nervous system

N07X Other drugs for the treatment of diseases of the nervous system

An original domestic antihypoxant and direct-acting antioxidant that optimizes the energy supply of cells and increases the body's reserve capabilities

Mexidol main effects, mechanism of action, application

Domestic drug of a new generation

T.A. Voronina

REVIVING THE ENERGY OF LIFE!

NEUROLOGY: acute cerebrovascular accidents (stroke), atherosclerotic disorders of brain function, dyscirculatory encephalopathy.

SURGERY: acute purulent-inflammatory processes of the abdominal cavity (acute destructive pancreatitis, peritonitis).

PSYCHIATRY: relief of withdrawal syndrome with the presence of clinical picture neurosis-like and vegetative-vascular disorders, as well as acute intoxication with neuroleptics

MEXIDOL (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate)

Dosage form:

5% solution for injection in ampoules of 2 ml No. 10,

film-coated tablets 125 mg No. 30 Mexidol - 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate was synthesized at the Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences; studied and developed at the Research Institute of Pharmacology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and the All-Russian Scientific Center for Biological Safety active substances. Mexidol is approved for wide use medical use and is indicated for the treatment of acute cerebrovascular accidents, discirculatory encephalopathy, vegetative-vascular dystonia, atherosclerotic disorders of brain function, neurotic and neurosis-like disorders with anxiety, for the relief of withdrawal syndrome in alcoholism, for the treatment of acute intoxication with neuroleptics and a number of other diseases. Mexidol is a new type of drug, both in mechanism and in the spectrum of pharmacological action and has significant advantages over known neuropsychotropic drugs. MECHANISM OF ACTION Mexidol has an original mechanism of action, the fundamental difference of which from the mechanism of action of traditional neuropsychotropic drugs is its lack of specific binding to known receptors. Mexidol is an inhibitor of free radical processes, lipid peroxidation, it activates superoxide dismutase, affects physicochemical characteristics membranes, increases the content of polar lipid fractions (phosphotidylserine and phosphotidylinositol, etc.) in the membrane, reduces the cholesterol/phospholipids ratio, reduces the viscosity of the lipid layer and increases the fluidity of the membrane, activates the energy-synthesizing functions of mitochondria and improves energy metabolism in the cell and, thus, protects the apparatus cells and the structure of their membranes. Changes in functional activity caused by Mexidol biological membrane leads to conformational changes in protein macromolecules of synaptic membranes, as a result of which Mexidol has a modulating effect on the activity of membrane-bound enzymes, ion channels and receptor complexes, in particular, benzodiazepine, GABA, acetylcholine, enhancing their ability to bind to ligands, increasing the activity of neurotransmitters and the activation of synaptic processes . Along with this, Mexidol has a pronounced hypolipidemic effect, reduces the level of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins and increases lipoproteins high density. Thus, the mechanism of action of Mexidol is determined primarily by its antioxidant properties, the ability to stabilize cell biomembranes, activate the energy-synthesizing functions of mitochondria, modulate the functioning of receptor complexes and the passage of ionic currents, enhance the binding of endogenous substances, improve synaptic transmission and the interconnection of brain structures. Thanks to this mechanism of action, Mexidol influences the key basic links in the pathogenesis of various diseases, has a wide range of effects, extremely few side effects and low toxicity, and has the ability to potentiate the action of other centrally active substances, especially those that act as direct receptor agonists. PHARMACODYNAMICS Mexidol, unlike well-known drugs, has wide range pharmacological effects realized at least at two levels - neuronal and vascular. It has cerebroprotective, anti-alcohol, nootropic, antihypoxic, tranquilizing, anticonvulsant, antiparkinsonian, anti-stress, vegetotropic effects. In addition, it has the ability to improve cerebral circulation, inhibit platelet aggregation, reduce total cholesterol levels, and have an anti-atherosclerotic effect. The therapeutic effects of Mexidol are detected in the dose range from 10 to 300 mg/kg. Mexidol increases the body's resistance to various extreme damaging factors, such as sleep disturbance, conflict situations, stress, brain injury, electric shock, physical activity, hypoxia, ischemia, and various intoxications, including ethanol. Mexidol has a pronounced tranquilizing and anti-stress effect, the ability to eliminate anxiety, fear, tension, restlessness, in particular in conflict situations. When administered parenterally, it has a similar depth of effect to diazepam (Seduxen) and alprazolam (Xanax). The anti-stress effect of Mexidol is expressed in the normalization of post-aggressive behavior, somatovegetative indicators, restoration of sleep-wake cycles and impaired learning and memory processes, reduction of stomach ulcers, reduction of dystrophic, morphological changes that occur after stress in various structures of the brain and in the myocardium. Mexidol has a distinct anticonvulsant effect, influencing both primary generalized seizures, caused primarily by the administration of GABAergic substances, and the epileptiform activity of the brain with a chronic epileptogenic focus. The nootropic properties of Mexidol are expressed in the ability to improve learning and memory, promote the preservation of a memorable trace and counteract the process of extinction of acquired skills and reflexes. Mexidol has a pronounced anti-amnestic effect, eliminating memory impairment caused by various influences(electric shock, brain injury, sleep deprivation, administration of scopolamine, ethanol, benzodiazepines, etc.). Mexidol has a distinct antihypoxic and antiischemic effect, which is expressed in the ability of the drug to increase life expectancy and the number of surviving animals under various hypoxic conditions: hypobaric hypoxia, hypoxia with hypercapnia in a hermetic volume and hemic hypoxia. In terms of antihypoxic activity, Mexidol is significantly superior to pyritinol and piracetam, which at doses of 300 and even 500 mg/kg have weak antihypoxic activity under conditions of acute hypobaric hypoxia and hypoxia with hypercapnia. In addition, Mexidol has a pronounced antihypoxic effect on the myocardium in experiments on an isolated, perforated, contracting heart. According to the mechanism by which these effects are realized, Mexidol is an antihypoxant with a direct energizing effect, the effect of which is associated with the influence on the endogenous respiration of mitochondria, with the activation of the energy-synthesizing function of mitochondria. The antihypoxic effect of Mexidol is due not only to its own antioxidant properties, but also to its constituent succinate, which, under hypoxic conditions, entering the intracellular space, can be oxidized by the respiratory chain. Mexidol has a pronounced anti-alcohol effect. It eliminates the neurological and neurotoxic manifestations of acute alcohol intoxication, caused by a single injection of high doses of ethanol, and also restores behavioral disorders of vegetative and emotional status, deterioration of cognitive functions, learning and memory processes caused by long-term (5 months) administration of ethanol and its withdrawal, and prevents the accumulation of lipofuscin in the brain of alcoholized animals. Mexidol has a pronounced geroprotective effect, has a clear corrective effect on learning and memory processes impaired during aging, improving the process of fixation, storage and reproduction of information, helps restore emotional and vegetative status, reduces manifestations of neurological deficits, reduces the level of aging markers - lipofuscin - in the brain and blood , malonaldehyde, cholesterol. The mechanism of the geroprotective action of Mexidol is associated with its antioxidant properties, the ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation processes, its direct membranotropic effect, the ability to restore ultrastructural changes in the granular endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, and modulate the functioning of receptor complexes. Mexidol has an antiatherogenic effect. The drug inhibits the humoral manifestations of atheroarteriosclerosis: reduces hyperlipidemia, prevents the activation of lipid peroxidation, increases the activity of the antioxidant system, prevents the development pathological changes in the vascular wall and reduces the degree of damage to the aorta. Mexidol reduces the content of atherogenic lipoproteins and triglycerides, increases the level of high-density lipoproteins in the blood serum, and prevents deficiency of highly unsaturated phospholipids. Mexidol not only causes regression of atherosclerotic changes in the main arteries and restores lipid homeostasis, but also corrects disturbances in the regulatory and microcirculatory systems, which is expressed in the fact that there is no structure of arterioles and precapillaries, and their diameter differs little from the control, only focal ones are determined in venules aggregates, and complete elimination of spasm of afferent microvessels is observed. In addition, 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine derivatives, which include Mexidol, suppress platelet aggregation caused by collagen, thrombin, ADP and arachidonic acid, inhibit platelet cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, and also protect blood cells during mechanical injury . In particular, stabilizing resistance of erythrocyte membranes to hemolysis is observed and the process of hematopoiesis (restoration of the number of erythrocytes) after acute blood loss or chemical hemolysis is accelerated. The hepatoprotective effect of Mexidol was established in three models of acute toxic liver damage, in which hepatocyte cytolysis syndrome was caused by various hepatotoxins. In conditions of liver damage caused by carbon tetrachloride, Mexidol reduces areas of liver tissue necrosis and the volume of fatty degeneration of hepatocytes, normalizes the energy balance of hepatocytes, and has a protective effect on the nuclear and cytoplasmic pool of nucleic acids. At alcohol impairment In the liver, the effect of Mexidol is expressed in a decrease in the number of hepatocytes with lysis of nuclei and chromatin, acceleration of the restoration of the total genome of hepatocytes and an increase in the content of nucleic acids in the liver tissue and nuclei of hepatocytes. 3-hydroxypyridine derivatives have a protective effect against the toxic effect on the liver of the strong hepatotropic carcinogen diethylnitrosoamine (DENA), since they form complexes with cytochrome P-450 and thereby prevent its complex formation with DENA. Mexidol has a pronounced ability to have a potentiating effect on the effects of other neuropsychotropic drugs. Under the influence of Mexidol, the effects of tranquilizing, neuroleptic, antidepressant, hypnotic and anticonvulsants, which allows you to reduce their doses and reduce side effects. In particular, when Mexidol is combined with carbamazepine, the dose of the anticonvulsant can be reduced by 2 times without reducing its therapeutic effect. The combined use of Mexidol with carbamazepine allows for adequate pathogenetic therapy partial epilepsy, reduce the side effects of carbamazepine when long-term use without reducing it therapeutic effectiveness and thereby optimize the treatment of patients with epilepsy. Side effects and toxicity A significant advantage of Mexidol is that it has minor side effects and low toxicity. When studying the side effects of Mexidol, it was found that even in the upper range of therapeutic doses it has neither a depressing nor a stimulating effect on spontaneous motor activity, does not change the coordination of movements, orienting and exploratory behavior of animals, rectal temperature, corneal and pineal reflexes, does not cause drowsiness. The drug maintains the adequacy of the animals' response to the stimuli provoking the test, and simple reflexes are not impaired. With an increase in the average therapeutic dose by 4-5.5 times, Mexidol does not have a muscle relaxant effect. Along with this, Mexidol, even in excess high doses does not impair memory and does not cause amnesia, but on the contrary, has an anti-amnestic effect in case of memory impairment. Mexidol does not have a negative effect on the liver, but on the contrary, has a hepatoprotective effect. The drug does not change heart rate, does not change blood pressure, ECG, hemodynamics and respiratory rhythm, does not cause changes in blood composition, skin color and mucous membranes, urination, defecation and salivation. Side effects Mexidol is expressed mainly in inhibition of motor activity and impaired coordination of movements and begins to appear in individual animals when doses are increased to 300 mg/kg and higher when administered intraperitoneally and in doses of 400 mg/kg and higher when Mexidol is administered orally. Long-term administration Mexidol (2-3 months) does not cause a decrease in its therapeutic effect or the appearance of additional unwanted manifestations. After stopping long-term administration of Mexidol, no withdrawal syndrome is observed. Acute toxicity Mexidol was determined by recording the death of animals 24 hours after administration of the drug. The lethal dose of Mexidol, causing the death of 50% of animals (LD50) is 820 (625 - 1025) mg/kg for rats and 475 (365 -617) mg/kg for mice, and when administered orally - more than 3000 mg/kg in rats and 2010 (1608 - 2513) mg/kg in mice. Studying chronic toxicity Long-term use of Mexidol orally and parenterally in experimental animals did not reveal significant changes in the organs and tissues of the body. A comparison of effective therapeutic doses of Mexidol with doses that cause side effects (sedation, incoordination, LD50) or toxic, lethal doses (LD50) shows significant therapeutic breadth Mexidol. The therapeutic index calculated from the LD50/ED50 ratio is 6.2, and from the LD50/ED50 ratio is 16.4, which indicates the harmlessness and safety of the drug. PHARMACOKINETICS AND METABOLISM Mexidol has high bioavailability. When administered parenterally to rats, it is rapidly absorbed from the abdominal cavity with a half-absorption period of 0.94 hours and maximum concentrations in plasma are reached after 3 hours, and in the brain and liver of animals after 2-3 hours. A study of the binding ability of the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum of the liver and brain of rats with Mexidol showed that the substance is determined in significant quantities in the membranes for 72 hours, which indicates the membranotropic properties of Mexidol. After intravenous administration of Mexidol to rabbits, the substance is eliminated from the blood plasma bioexponentially and can be determined according to theoretical calculations in fairly high concentrations for 6-12 hours. The high lipophilicity of Mexidol, its ability to bind to blood plasma proteins and endoplasmic reticulum membranes suggest the formation of tissue and blood depots of Mexidol in the body of animals. Analysis of the pharmacokinetic parameters of Mexidol in patients in the clinic showed that both with a single dose and with course application, the concentration of Mexidol in the blood increases quite quickly, reaching a maximum after an average of 0.58 hours. At the same time, Mexidol is quickly eliminated from the blood and after 4 hours it is practically not registered. The pharmacokinetic profiles of the drug did not differ significantly between single and chronic administration. A study of the excretion of Mexidol in the urine showed that it is excreted both unchanged and in the form of a glucuronoconjugate, which constitutes a significant amount. When studying the metabolism of Mexidol in rats, 5 metabolites were identified. Metabolite I is phosphate (at the hydroxy group) of 3-hydroxypyridine, the formation of which occurs in the liver. In the blood under the influence alkaline phosphatase 3-hydroxypyridine phosphate breaks down into phosphoric acid and 3-hydroxypyridine. Metabolite II - 2-methyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine - is formed in large quantities and is found in urine on the first and second days after Mexidol administration; this metabolite has a spectrum pharmacological activity close to Mexidol. Metabolite III - 6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine is contained and excreted in large quantities in the urine. Metabolite IV is a glucuronic conjugate with 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine. Metabolite V is a glucuronic conjugate with 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine phosphate. APPLICATION OF MEXIDOL IN NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY Mexidol is effective means anti-ischemic protection of the brain in cerebral strokes. The drug has a pronounced therapeutic effect in patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents, including patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke located in the circulation zone of the internal carotid artery and its branches, as well as in the vertebrobasilar system. Mexidol, as a rule, is administered to patients in the first hours of admission to the clinic intravenously in a stream or intravenously drip and intramuscularly, in doses of 50 mg. up to 400 mg. once, from 50 mg. up to 900 mg. per day with a frequency of administration of 3. The duration of action of the drug is about 4 hours. During the same time, the drug is detected in the blood of patients. One of the most significant manifestations of the effect of Mexidol when included in the complex therapy of cerebral stroke is a significant decrease in the daily mortality of patients in the acute period of stroke, as well as a tendency to an overall decrease in mortality in this disease. In the acute period of cerebral stroke, the mortality rate of patients was -31.5% for those taking Mexidol, and -52.5% without it; The bed days also decreased significantly: 38.2±2.7 with Mexidol and 45.2±4.0 days without Mexidol (B.A. Spasennikov). When using Mexidol in the treatment of cerebral stroke, first of all, a more rapid regression of neurological symptoms, assessed on the Matthew scale, is observed. Thus, in patients who were in serious condition at the time of admission to the clinic, the Matthew index at the end of the acute period (21 days) was 51.5 ± 2.1, and after treatment with Mexidol it significantly increased to 59.7 ± 1.0. When treating patients with Mexidol, the dynamics of improvement in motor functions, revealed when using the ADL index, was also indicative. So, after 21 days this indicator was 76.6±3.1 in patients using Mexidol, and in the group of patients without using Mexidol it was 63.2±4.6 (the difference is significant at P< 0,05). По данным ЭЭГ эффект Мексидола выявляется в виде повышения мощности спектра и активации быстроволновой ритмики. По результатам ультразвуковой плерографии магистральных сосудов мозга объемный кровоток в магистральных артериях головы после введения Мексидола увеличивается на 25-40 %. Мексидол оказывает церебральный вазодилятационный эффект, снижает показатели мозгового сосудистого сопротивления, существенно увеличивает пульсовые колебания cerebral vessels and promotes hemodynamic changes that ensure the outflow of blood into the cerebral veins, without having a significant effect on systemic blood pressure. In patients treated with Mexidol, there was a significant regression of disorders of consciousness when assessed according to the Glasgow-Pittsburgh and A.N. Konovalova. In these patients, the functions of the motor sphere are restored much faster and more clearly, at an earlier date, and positive dynamics are observed in the restoration of coordination of movements. Mexidol significantly improves the subjective state of patients, reducing the manifestations of autonomic dysfunction (fear of death, headaches, mood swings, palpitations, etc.). Under the influence of Mexidol, signs of vasomotor instability and hyperthermia are reduced; sweating, tachycardia, etc., psychomotor agitation is reduced or eliminated, and sleep is significantly improved. Mexidol is highly effective in the treatment of dyscirculatory encephalopathy (DE), which is defined as a progressive multiple diffuse small-focal lesion of the brain of vascular origin and is characterized by ischemic-hypoxic damage to neurons, a progressive decrease in energy processes, activation of lipid peroxidation processes, and disruption of ionic homeostasis. Under these conditions, Mexidol, which has a normalizing effect on cerebral metabolism and fine neurochemical regulation, represents special value. Cerebroprotective therapy with Mexidol differs from traditional effects on homeostasis and hemodynamics in the safety of use, the possibility of long-term use, the ability to influence various levels and types of neurological and mental disorders. Mexidol in ampoules (5% solution) is used intravenously by stream, drip or intramuscularly in a dose of 2 to 3 mg/kg once, from 100 to 1000 mg per day (1-3 injections). The course of use of the drug was 6-14 days. Mexidol has a therapeutic effect in patients with DE of all three stages. The drug causes a decrease in complaints of headaches of a frontotemporal localization of a compressive nature and pain of a diffuse localization of a dull, aching nature, combined with a feeling that the ears are stuffed with cotton. Under the influence of Mexidol, regression of symptoms is observed in patients with complaints of flickering spots, the appearance of a grid, fog before the eyes, and noise in the head decreases; After a course of treatment with Mexidol, there was a statistically significant improvement in the main indicators of neuropsychological tests: an increase in the number of words learned, an increase in accuracy, quality and pace of work, a decrease in the number of errors, this indicates that Mexidol improves memory. Along with this, Mexidol reduces the feeling of fatigue, weakness, eliminates the feeling of anxiety and fear that arises in specific situations, and also has a therapeutic effect for sleep disorders of a presomnic, post-somnic and especially intrasomnic nature, and increases the coefficients of social adaptation. Mexidol has a positive effect on patients with vestibular disorders, reducing uncertainty when walking, non-systemic dizziness, and a feeling of loss of balance when walking. Mexidol reduces the phenomena of hyperesthesia and senestopathy; patients do not experience progression of oral automatism reflexes or smoothness of the nasolabial fold. The greatest dynamics during therapy with Mexidol are such symptoms as decreased performance, motor activity, dizziness, headache, memory impairment, anxiety, social maladjustment. Subjective and objective positive effects during treatment with Mexidol are observed, as a rule, by the end of the week of therapy. Echopulsography of intracranial arteries and veins after intravenous administration of Mexidol showed that already 30 minutes after the injection and for 4-6 hours, there is an increase in the amplitude (on average by 25.5%) of pulse oscillations of the cerebral vessels and the outflow of blood into the cerebral veins is facilitated. Under the influence of Mexidol, an increase in linear and volumetric blood flow is observed in the extracranial sections of the main arteries of the head, which is recorded within 6 hours after administration of the drug. Registration of rheoencephalography after a course of treatment with Mexidol revealed normalization of waveforms in 67% of patients, and improvement in venous outflow in 38%. There is an increase in pulse blood supply in the external carotid artery system and in the vertebrobasilar system, with its initially low level, and normalization of the tone of small arteries and veins in both vascular systems. Mexidol causes normalization of the EEG of patients with DE, which is expressed in an increase in the total power of the spectrum due to the alpha and beta ranges without a significant change in the slow wave part of the spectrum. In patients receiving Mexidol, the increased content hemoglobin, leukocytes, blood viscosity decreases, cholesterol levels decrease, lecithin-cholesterol ratio increases. Thus, Mexidol has a pronounced therapeutic effect in patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy of stages 1, 2 and 3. Under the influence of Mexidol, remission or regression of neurological syndromic deficit is observed. As a result of treatment with Mexidol, 64% of patients showed a marked improvement in their condition, 32% had a moderate improvement, 20% had a slight improvement, and 16% had no effect. A comparison of the clinical effectiveness of Mexidol and known drugs showed that the index of overall effectiveness in the treatment of DE was 2.05 for Mexidol. for Cavinton, Trental and Sermion -2.1, Arsdergin -1.8. Mexidol is effective in patients with vegetative-vascular dystopia with symptoms of autonomic crises of a sympatho-adrenal nature, in whom improvement occurred within 5-14 days after the start of treatment. The intensity and frequency of headaches decreased, vasoactive imbalance and excitability decreased, and sleep improved. In 13% of patients, vegetative crises completely stopped and did not reappear over the next 2-3 months. Mexidol has a positive effect in patients with mental pathology late age, especially with atherosclerotic dementia, in whom Mexidol was administered intramuscularly (patients received 100 mg for the first 5 days, and 300 mg daily for the remaining days, course - 3 weeks). Mexidol provided positive influence memory, especially for current events, improved concentration, assimilation of instructions, caused a decrease in headaches and symptoms of anxiety and depression. The degree of dysarthria and tearfulness in patients decreased. In some patients, dizziness completely disappeared, a confident gait appeared, and asthenia decreased. In some patients with initial manifestations senile-atrophic process and in patients with atherosclerotic dementia after treatment with Mexidol, there was a “clearing” in the head, an increase in activity, and an improvement in mood. Thus, the use of Mexidol improves intellectual-mnestic activity in patients with age-related organic weakening processes, mainly in patients with atherosclerotic dementia, helping to improve concentration, follow instructions, memory for the present, reduce headaches, dizziness, tearfulness, dysarthria, and increase activity . Mexidol has a pronounced positive effect in the treatment of chronic neuroleptic syndrome with symptoms of tardive dyskinesia and subacute neuroleptic syndrome. Before treatment with Mexidol, all patients received active therapy for neuroleptic syndrome with the drugs cyclodol, norparkin, midantan, tiapride, cerucal, tremblex, detoxification therapy with intravenous administration of nootropil, vitamins B and C, which was assessed as ineffective. Mexidol had a pronounced antiparkinsonian and vegetotropic effect in these patients who were difficult to treat. The effect of Mexidol began to manifest itself already from the 2-3rd day of therapy and consisted of a decrease in the severity of oral-lingual hyperkinesis, which completely disappeared by the 7-14th day of treatment, then, under the influence of the drug, a decrease in limb tremor, stiffness, hypokinesia and hypomimia was noted, it improved, became more confident, free gait of patients, which ceased to be shuffling and mincing. The phenomena of orthogatism and dizziness decreased and disappeared, there was a tendency to normalize blood pressure with drug-induced hypotension, and Mexidol had no effect on normal blood pressure, weakness, lethargy, and dizziness decreased. The antiparkinsonian effect of Mexidol persisted for another 3-5 days after its discontinuation. Mexidol also has the ability to overcome the body's resistance to the effects of psychotropic drugs. Mexidol for this pathology was used at a dose of 300-500 mg per day with a treatment duration of 2-4 weeks. The effect of Mexidol began to appear already on the 3rd day of administration. Patients noted an improvement in the appearance, color and turgor of the skin, appetite, a decrease in lethargy, weakness, dizziness, dry mouth, and they became less lethargic. Against the background of Mexidol, it was possible to increase the doses of antidepressants and antipsychotics by 1.5-2 times without the occurrence of side effects. In some cases, the appointment against the background of Mexidol earlier ineffective drugs allowed to overcome the body's resistance and caused a significant decrease depressive disorders and improvement of condition. In neurotic and neurosis-like conditions, Mexidol has a distinct tranquilizing effect, combined with a vegeto-normalizing effect. The therapeutic effect of Mexidol was most fully manifested in patients with neuroses and organic damage to the central nervous system with asthenic and astheno-vegetative disorders. The drug was effective and well tolerated by elderly patients. In 6 patients with asthenic disorders, the reverse development of anxiety and emotional tension against the background of Mexidol was accompanied by a peculiar activation with an increase in the background mood, a reduction in asthenic symptoms themselves. The tranquilizing effect of Mexidol is comparable in power to the effect of uxepam. Mexidol has a positive effect on sleep, restoring its duration and depth. The effect of Mexidol appears after 3-7 days of therapy. According to its spectrum of action, Mexidol can be classified as a daytime tranquilizer, which is effective both in hospital and outpatient settings, as well as in the elderly. Mexidol has shown high effectiveness in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome with somato-neurological and mental symptoms . The dose of Mexidol was 100-400 mg per day intramuscularly with a course duration of 5-7 days (against the background of conventional detoxification agents). Mexidol is an effective remedy for the rapid relief of alcohol withdrawal syndrome with a wide range of effects, both on its psychopathological components and on vegetative-vascular manifestations. The effect of Mexidol is observed within 1-1.5 hours after administration of the drug, and a persistent improvement in the condition occurs after 2-3 days. Patients experience a feeling of enlightenment, clarity in the head, headaches disappear, the process of concentration and comprehension when reading literature improves, anxiety, unaccountable fear, internal tension decrease, relaxation and a comfortable state appear, nightmares disappear, hypnotic hallucinations disappear, dreams become alcohol-free topics, sleep disorders disappear. Patients note the appearance of vigor and activity. Along with this, under the influence of Mexidol, alcohol motivation was significantly suppressed. Side effects. Comparison with cerebroprotective and psychotropic drugs. Mexidol is well tolerated by patients and causes only isolated side effects, which quickly disappear on their own or when the drug is discontinued. Of the hundreds of patients treated with Mexidol, side effects occurred in exceptional cases. Two patients with discirculatory encephalopathy experienced nausea and dizziness a few minutes after the intramuscular injection of Mexidol, which went away on their own. Two patients with alcoholism experienced bitterness and dry mouth, dizziness, and weakness, which quickly disappeared when the drug was discontinued. In three patients with resistant depression combined with manifestations of chronic neuroleptic syndrome, after the first two or three injections a slight drowsiness appeared, which then disappeared on its own. One patient with neurosis, at the beginning of therapy, had a pinpoint rash on the skin of the forearms, not accompanied by itching and peeling, which self-reduced within three days with continued therapy. The insignificance of side effects makes Mexidol stand out among the known neuroprotective, nootropic and tranquilizing agents. The arsenal of drugs used in modern medicine that improve cerebral circulation and are used in injection form is quite limited and includes pentoxifylline (Trental), vinpocetine (Cavinton), nicergoline (Sermion), dihydroergotoxin (Redergan). Cinnarizine (stugeron), flunarizine, nimodipine are used in the form of tablets and capsules. A significant disadvantage of these known means What limits their use in many cases is the significant number and frequency of side effects. Pentoxifylline (trental) causes headache, dizziness, tachycardia, facial flushing, palpitations, angina pectoris, arterial hypotension, nervousness, drowsiness or insomnia, bleeding from blood vessels of the skin and mucous membranes, urticaria, skin rashes, itching, nausea, vomiting, feeling of heaviness in the epigastrium, increased fragility nails, changes in body weight, swelling, and in case of an overdose of the drug, convulsions, loss of consciousness, and fever may occur. In this regard, contraindications to the use of trental are: acute heart attack myocardium, massive bleeding, cerebral hemorrhage, retinal hemorrhage, severe atherosclerotic damage to the blood vessels of the brain and heart, severe disorders heart rate, pregnancy, lactation. Characteristic side effects of vinpocetine (Cavinton) are a decrease in blood pressure and tachycardia, and contraindications to the use of the drug are coronary heart disease and severe forms of arrhythmias. Nicergoline (sermion) causes arterial hypotension, dizziness, a feeling of heat and flushing, drowsiness and sleep disturbance. Side effects of dihydroergotoxin (redergin) are nausea, vomiting, a feeling of heaviness in the stomach, loss of appetite, blurred vision, hyperemia of the nasal mucosa, skin rash, orthostatic hypotension, and contraindications to the use of the drug are severe coronary heart disease, severe bradycardia and arterial hypotension. Thus, all drugs currently used to treat cerebrovascular accidents are associated with significant side effects. In conditions of oxygen and energy deficiency that occurs with cerebrovascular lesions of the brain, Mexidol, which has a normalizing effect on cerebral metabolism, on fine neurochemical regulation and has minimal side effects, is of particular value. Cerebroprotective therapy with Mexidol differs from traditional effects on homeostasis and hemodynamics in its safety of use, the possibility of long-term use, and the ability to influence various levels and types of neurological and mental disorders. In contrast to traditional drugs, Mexidol does not cause a decrease in blood pressure, hemodynamic or ECG disturbances, and does not affect the heart rate. The positive effects of Mexidol in comparison with well-known drugs are its therapeutic effect on vasomotor instability, reduction of autonomic dysfunction, reduction of tachycardia, hyperemia, sweating, etc. In addition, Mexidol has a restorative effect on the functions of the motor sphere, improving coordination of movements and reducing psychomotor agitation, improves sleep, eliminates nervousness. Thus, having a high therapeutic effect, Mexidol does not have the side effects characteristic of other neuroprotective drugs. In contrast to sodium hydroxybutyrate and seduxen, Mexidol does not change the rhythm and frequency of breathing, i.e. does not cause the cardiorespiratory depression inherent in these drugs. In contrast to noopropic drugs, when using Mexidol, there is no activating effect, sleep disturbances or increased convulsive readiness. In addition, Mexidol is significantly more effective than piracetam (nootropil). In comparison with benzodiazepine tranquilizers (seduxen, elenium, oxazepam, lorazepam, phenazepam, etc.), Mexidol does not have a muscle relaxant effect even in doses exceeding the average therapeutic anxiolytic dose by 4-5.5 times and does not cause such manifestations as impaired coordination movements, decrease muscle tone and muscle strength. Mexidol, in contrast to anxiolytics, does not have a sedative or amnesic effect, but, on the contrary, has a positive effect on memory, especially in conditions of impaired cognitive functions. With long-term administration of Mexidol and cessation of its use, there are no signs of withdrawal syndrome characteristic of benzodiazepine tranquilizers. Thus, Mexidol is a selective tranquilizer of “daytime” action, in which the anxiolytic and anti-stress effects are carried out without layering sedative, muscle relaxant and amnesic effects. Having a high therapeutic effect, Mexidol does not cause side effects, characteristic of known neuroprotective, nootropic and tranquilizing drugs, which indicates its safety and significantly expands the possibilities of use. Directions for use and doses Mexidol is prescribed intravenously (stream or drip), intramuscularly and orally. At intravenously administration, the drug should be diluted with water for injection or in physiological sodium chloride solution. For infusion administration, physiological NaCl solution should be used. Mexidol is administered in a stream over 1.5-3.0 minutes, and dropwise at a rate of 80-120 drops per minute. The duration of treatment and the daily dose of the drug depend on the nosology of the disease and the severity of the patient’s condition. For the treatment of acute cerebrovascular accident, Mexidol is prescribed intravenously by drip of 400 mg (8 ml) in isotonic sodium chloride solution (100-150 ml) twice a day for the first 15 days in intensive care or a specialized neurological department (maximum daily dose 1600 mg) . Then 400 mg (8 ml) 1 time per day intravenously in physiological NaCl solution daily for 15 days. In the future, it is recommended to administer Mexidol intramuscularly at a dose of 200 mg (4 ml) once a day for 10-15 days. In subsequent complex drug therapy, it is advisable to include a tablet form of the drug, 0.25-0.5 g/day for 4-6 weeks. The daily dose is distributed into 2-3 doses during the day. For the treatment of dyscirculatory encephalopathy (both against the background of cerebral atherosclerosis and against the background of hypertension):

In the decompensation phase, Mexidol is administered:
- either 400 mg (8 ml) intravenously in drops per 100 ml of isotonic NaCl solution daily for 10-15 days;
- either 200 mg (4 ml) intravenously in 16.0 ml of water for injection or in isotonic sodium chloride solution (16.0 ml) twice a day, for 10-15 days. Then the drug is administered intravenously in a stream of 100 mg (2 ml) per 10.0 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution, daily, for a course of 10 days. Or 200 mg (4 ml) intramuscularly, daily for 10 days. Subsequently it is recommended oral administration Mexidol 0.125 g three times a day for 4-6 weeks.

In the subcompensation phase, Mexidod is used:
- either 200 mg (4 ml) intravenously in a stream of 16.0 ml of physiological NaCl solution (or 16.0 ml of water for injection), daily, for 10-15 days;
- either 200 mg (4 ml) intramuscularly, twice a day, for 10-15 days. Then you can continue treatment with a tablet form of 0.125 g three times a day, for a course of 4-6 weeks. For course prevention of dyscirculatory encephalopathy (compensation phase), Mexidol is recommended to be administered:
- either 100 mg (2 ml) intravenously in a stream of 10.0 ml of physiological NaCl solution, daily for 10 days;
- either 200 mg (4 ml) intramuscularly, daily, for a course of 10 days. Subsequently, it is advisable to take the tablet form, 0.125 g three times a day, for 2-6 weeks (in both cases - with intravenous and intramuscular administration);
- or initially, a course of prophylaxis can be started with the use of a tablet form of 0.125 g three times a day, for at least 4-6 weeks. For vertebrobasilar insufficiency due to osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, Mexidol is used:

In the decompensation phase:
- either 400 mg (8 ml) intravenously, in 100 ml of physiological NaCl solution, daily, 10 days;
- either 200 mg (4 ml) intravenously in a bolus of 16.0 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution, twice a day, for 10 days; Subsequently, intramuscular administration of 200 mg (4 ml) is recommended for 10-15 days. Upon completion of intramuscular injections, switch to oral administration of the drug at 0.125 mg three times a day, for a course of 2-6 weeks.

In the subcompensation phase:
- either 200 mg (4 ml) of Mexidol is administered intravenously, in 16.0 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution, for 10 days;
- either 200 mg (4 ml) intramuscularly, twice a day, 10 days. In the future, it is advisable to prescribe the tablet form in the doses described above. IN acute period traumatic brain injury, the prescription of Mexidol is pathogenetically justified, since, in addition to its cerebroprotective properties, its anticonvulsant activity and potentiation of the action of dehydration agents are of great importance. Recommended doses of the drug:
- in the acute period - 200 mg (4 ml) intravenously, per 16.0 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution, twice a day, 10-15 days;
- V subacute period- 200 mg (4 ml) intravenously in a bolus per 16.0 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution, daily for 10 days; or 200 mg (4 ml) intramuscularly, twice a day, 10-15 days. During the rehabilitation period, it is recommended to take the tablet form 0.125 g three times a day for 4-6 weeks. The administration of the drug is very effective in the treatment of dysmetabolic, and, first of all, diabetic encephalopolyneuropathies. Mexidol, used for diabetes mellitus, improves the course of the disease itself, and also improves the uptake of glucose by cells in conditions of insulin resistance. It is recommended to administer the drug 200 mg (4 ml) intravenously in a bolus, per 16.0 ml of physiological NaCl solution, twice a day, for 10-15 days. In the future, 100 mg (2 ml) is administered intramuscularly daily for 15-30 days. Upon completion of parenteral administration, switch to tablet form - 0.125 g three times a day, for at least 4-6 weeks. Considering the lack of a direct stimulating effect on the cerebral cortex, and having a pronounced anticonvulsant effect, Mexidol can also be used in the treatment of epilepsy. The drug enhances the effect of anticonvulsants, which allows, when prescribed, to reduce the doses of traditional medications used and, thereby, reduce their side effects. Mexidol is recommended to be administered 100 mg (2 ml) intravenously in a bolus of 18.0 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution (or in the same amount of water for injection), twice a day, for 15 days. Then the drug is administered intramuscularly at 100 mg (2 ml) daily for 15 days. Degenerative-dystrophic lesions of the central nervous system. Mexidol has a pronounced positive effect in the treatment of chronic neuroleptic syndrome with symptoms of tardive dyskinesia and subacute neuroleptic syndrome. The drug reduces the severity of oral-lingual hyperkinesis, reduces limb tremors, stiffness, hypomimia and hypokinesia, improves motor functions sick. In addition, it potentiates the effect of antiparkinsonian drugs, which makes it possible to reduce the doses of drugs used and reduce their side effects. For the treatment of degenerative-dystrophic lesions of the central nervous system, Mexidol is recommended to be used 200 mg (4 ml) intravenously in a stream of 16.0 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution, twice a day, for 10 days. Then the drug is administered intramuscularly at 200 mg (4 ml), daily, for 15 days. In the next 4-6 weeks, it is advisable to prescribe the tablet form - 0.125 g three times a day. Autonomic dysfunction syndrome, neurotic and neurosis-like states. Mexidol has shown its high effectiveness in vegetative-vascular dystonias, especially those of the paroxysmal type. It has a vegetative-normalizing and distinct tranquilizing effect in neurotic and neurosis-like conditions. Dosage regimen of the drug: 100-200 mg (2-4 ml) intravenously in a bolus of 10.0-16.0 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution, daily for 10 days. It is possible to administer the drug intramuscularly at 200 mg (4 ml), daily, for 15 days. After injections, it is advisable to prescribe a tablet form of 0.25-0.50 g per day. The daily dose is distributed into 2-3 doses. The course of treatment is 2-6 weeks. In this case, the course therapy is completed gradually, reducing the dose of the drug over 2-3 days. Parasomnic disorders. Mexidol has a positive effect on sleep, restoring its duration and depth, while promoting recovery correct rhythm sleep. This is combined with the absence of sedation effects when taking the drug during the day. In this case, the drug is recommended to be administered intramuscularly, 100-200 mg (2-4 ml), daily for 15-20 days. Then use the tablet form of 0.125 g three times a day for 4-6 weeks. Before discontinuation, the dose of the drug is reduced gradually over 2-3 days. Memory disorders and intellectual disability in the elderly. Mexidol is an effective drug for revitalization of elderly people. The drug has a positive effect on hypomnesia, increased distractibility and difficulty concentrating, improves the ability to concentrate and count, improves short-term memory for current events and long-term memory for the past. Recommended dosage regimen: 100-200 mg (2-4 ml) intramuscularly (depending on the degree of intellectual disability) for 10-15 days, then the drug is given orally at 0.125 g three times a day for at least 4-6 weeks Such courses are repeated every 5-6 months. Periods of extreme stress. Mexidol has a pronounced ability to improve mental and physical performance, especially under conditions of extreme influences. In such cases, it is advisable to start with intravenous administration of 200 mg (4 ml) intravenously in a stream, per 16.0 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution, daily for 10-15 days. Then the drug is administered intramuscularly at 200 mg (4 ml) per day for 10 days, followed by a transition to taking the tablet form at 0.25-0.50 g per day; course of treatment - 2-6 weeks. It is possible to switch to the tablet form immediately after intravenous administration. Exogenous-organic diseases of the brain. The causes of exogenous-organic brain damage are: previous traumatic brain injuries, intoxication (excluding alcohol), neuroinfections, as well as combinations of these factors. Patients with exogenous-organic diseases are known to have poor tolerance to a number of drugs. Mexidol, as studies have shown, is not one of them. When used, there is a clear positive effect on existing neurological deficits in this category of patients. Recommended dosage regimen: intravenous bolus of 200 mg (4 ml) per 16.0 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution, daily, for 10-15 days; then the drug can be administered intramuscularly at 100-200 mg (2-4 ml) per day for 10-15 days, or switch to the tablet form at 0.125 g three times a day for 4-6 weeks. Intoxication ethyl alcohol. Considering the antihypoxic, antioxidant, tranquilizing and hepatoprotective effects of Mexidol, it can be used as part of complex therapy to relieve ethyl alcohol intoxication. Mexidol warns and weakens toxic effect alcohol. Dosage regimen: 400 mg (8 ml) intravenously in 150.0 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution twice a day for 3 days; then 200 mg (4 ml) intravenously in a bolus with 16.0 ml of physiological NaCl solution, twice a day, for 7 days. If necessary, treatment can be continued using the tablet form of the drug, 0.125 g three times a day for 2-6 weeks. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Mexidol is effective as a means for relieving alcohol withdrawal syndrome with somato-neurological and mental symptoms due to its pronounced antioxidant and tranquilizing effects. When comparing the speed of the relief effect of Mexidol in relation to individual symptoms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome with the effectiveness of traditional detoxification agents, a significant advantage of this drug was established. Mexidol is an effective remedy for the rapid relief of alcohol withdrawal syndrome with a wide range of effects, both on its psychopathological components and on vegetative-vascular manifestations. The injectable form, in contrast to the tablet form, turns out to be more effective in relation to affective pathology, eliminating anxiety in a significantly more short time. Recommended dosage regimen: 200 mg (4 ml) intravenously in a bolus, per 16.0 ml of isotonic NaCl solution, daily, for 10-15 days, then it is possible to switch to intramuscular administration of the drug at a dose of 200 mg (4 ml), daily, for 10 days, followed by switching to the tablet form, 0.125 g three times a day, 4-6 weeks. In some cases, a combination of only intramuscular administration of the drug (in the described dosages) and tablet form is possible. It is also possible to use only the tablet form at a dose of 0.5 g per day (2 tablets twice a day) during the entire period of the hangover syndrome. Anxiety disorders in neurotic and neurosis-like conditions. For anxiety disorders - psychogenic (neurotic), for endogenous diseases, for organic brain damage of traumatic, intoxication and vascular origin, Mexidol, used as an anxiolytic agent, is most effective for generalized anxiety and anxiety-asthenic conditions that are simple in structure. The anxiolytic effect of the drug, combined with an activating component and a vegetative-normalizing effect, contributes to the rapid reduction of emotional stress, anxiety, asthenic and autonomic disorders, sleep disorders. For the treatment of these disorders, the drug is used intramuscularly in a daily dose of 200 - 400 mg, divided into 2 doses for 14 - 30 days or orally 0.25 g (2 tablets of 0.125 g) twice a day for at least 4 weeks Mild cognitive disorders of atherosclerotic origin. For mild cognitive impairment of vascular origin, including those developing in elderly patients, the use of Mexidol has a positive effect on dysmnestic disorders, reduces the severity of cerebroasthenic symptoms and emotional instability. The drug is used intramuscularly at a dose of 200 - 400 mg per day, divided into 2 doses for 14-30 days or orally at 0.25 g (2 tablets of 0.125 g) for 4 weeks. Acute intoxication with antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics). In acute intoxication with neuroleptics with symptoms of neuroleptic syndrome, Mexidol causes a decrease in the severity of hyperkinesis, tremor, and muscle rigidity. When used in combination with antiparkinsonian drugs, Mexidol potentiates their effect. In case of acute intoxication with neuroleptics, the drug is administered intravenously at a dose of 50 - 300 mg per day for 7-14 days. Intellectual-mnestic disorders of various origins. In case of organic psychosyndrome caused by chronic cerebrovascular accidents, traumatic brain injuries, neuroinfections and intoxications, initial manifestations of senile-atrophic processes, increased manifestations of mental aging, Mexidol therapy begins with parenteral administration of the drug 200 mg (4 ml) intramuscularly, daily, for 10-15 days. In the future, they switch to the tablet form of the drug - 0.125 g three times a day, for at least 4-6 weeks. Correction of insulin resistance. Inclusion of Mexidol in complex therapy diabetes mellitus allows you to achieve compensation for the disease, reduce doses of glucose-lowering drugs, stop the progression of late complications and, thus, improve the quality and prognosis of life. The use of Mexidol is especially effective for correcting chemical homeostasis in the group of diabetic patients whose hypoglycemia cannot be stabilized traditional therapy and who have high level atherogenic lipids in the blood, severe neuropathy, impaired microcirculation, hemostasis. Mexidol is especially necessary in the prevention of late complications of diabetes: retinopathy, nephropathy, " diabetic foot"At the same time, it is possible to correct tissue trophism by stimulating microcirculation, detoxification, and enhancing oxidative processes in the energy cycle. Reducing glycemia when Mexidol is included in the complex therapy of diabetes helps reduce the percentage of purulent-septic complications in surgical interventions. The positive effect of using Mexidol in the clinic is observed with short courses of treatment (5 - 7) days at a dose of 100 - 200 mg per day. The dose is selected individually depending on the biochemical profile of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Complex therapy of acute purulent-inflammatory processes of the abdominal cavity. In acute destructive pancreatitis and peritonitis, Mexidol is prescribed on the first day, both in the preoperative and postoperative periods. The administered doses depend on the form and severity of the disease, the prevalence of the process, and variants of the clinical course. Discontinuation of the drug should be done gradually, only after a stable positive clinical and laboratory effect.
- For acute edematous (interstitial) pancreatitis, Mexidol is prescribed 100 mg (2 ml) three times a day intravenously, in an isotonic sodium chloride solution.
- Mild severity of necrotizing pancreatitis - 100-200 mg (2-4 ml) three times a day intravenously (in isotonic NaCl solution).
- Severe necrotizing pancreatitis - the drug is administered in a pulse dosage of 800 mg (16 ml) on the first day, with a double administration regimen; then 300 mg (6 ml) twice a day with a gradual reduction in the daily dose.
- Extremely severe course - at an initial dosage of 800 mg/day (16 ml) for persistent relief of manifestations of pancreatogenic shock, upon stabilization of the condition, 300-400 mg (6-8 ml) twice a day intravenously (in isotonic sodium chloride solution) With a gradual reduction in daily dosage. In complex therapy of peritonitis, Mexidol is administered in a dosage of 200-300 mg (4-6 ml) three times a day intravenously in an isotonic sodium chloride solution during the first 3 days, then 200 mg (4 ml) per day with a gradual decrease daily dose. Use in dental medical practice. The rationale for the use of Mexidol in the complex therapy of chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) was the ability to inhibit free radical oxidation and increase the activity of the antioxidant system. To achieve optimal effects, it is advisable to use both local and parenteral routes of administration of Mexidol. For mild CGP, Mexidol is prescribed according to the following regimens. Locally in the form:
- rinsing with 2 ml of 5% solution for injection 3 times a day, for 12-14 days. Method of preparation: dilute 1 ampoule of the drug with warm boiled water and rinse for 5 minutes.
- or applications of 2 ml of 5% Mexidol solution 2-3 times a day, for 12-14 days. Method of preparation: open 1 ampoule of the drug and moisten a piece of sterile gauze or bandage, folded in 4 - 6 layers, with the solution. Apply along the outer perimeter of the gingival sulcus for 20 minutes. Additionally, it is recommended to brush your teeth with toothpaste from the "MEXIDOL dent" series 2 times a day for 3-5 minutes. Orally: 1-2 tablets orally 2 times a day, for 12-14 days. For moderate and severe degrees of CGP, Mexidol is prescribed according to the following regimens. Locally in the form:
- rinsing (2 ml of 5% solution 3 times a day) for 12-14 days.
- or applications (2 ml of 5% solution 2-3 times a day) for 1214 days. If there is a periodontal pocket, use:
- Installation of 2 ml of 5% solution for injection. Method of preparation: open 1 ampoule of the drug and moisten the turunda with the solution, which is placed in the periodontal pocket for 20 minutes. Parenteral: intramuscularly 2 ml of 5% solution (100 mg) 1 time per day for 12-14 days Oral: 1-2 tablets (0.125 - 0.25 g) 2 - 3 times per day for 12-14 days. Additionally, it is recommended to brush your teeth with toothpaste from the "MEXIDOL dent" series 2 times a day for 3-5 minutes. Contraindications The use of Mexidol is contraindicated in acute disorders of liver and kidney function. Hypersensitivity or intolerance to the drug. Side effects May be noted: from the side digestive system rarely - nausea, dry mouth. Adequate and strictly controlled clinical studies of the safety of the drug during pregnancy and lactation ( breastfeeding) and has not been performed in children. Interaction with other drugs Not installed. The drug is combined with almost all drugs used in complex therapy for the specified nosologies. Mexidol potentiates the effect of anticonvulsants, tranquilizers, antiparkinsonian drugs, and analgesics. The drug reduces the toxic effects of ethyl alcohol.

An original domestic antihypoxant and direct-acting antioxidant that optimizes the energy supply of cells and increases the body's reserve capabilities

Mexidol tablets - official* instructions for use

*registered by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (according to grls.rosminzdrav.ru)

Registration number:

LSR-002063/07 dated 08/09/2007

Trade name of the drug:

INN or group name: Ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate.

Chemical rational name: 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate.

Dosage form:

film-coated tablets

Compound:

Active substance: ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate - 125 mg, excipients: lactose monohydrate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (carmellose sodium), magnesium stearate, shell: opadry II white (macrogol (polyethylene glycol), polyvinyl alcohol, talc, titanium dioxide).

Description:
The tablets are round, biconvex, film-coated, white to off-white in color.

Pharmacotherapeutic group:

antioxidant agent.

ATX code: N07XX

Pharmacological properties:

Pharmacodynamics:

Mexidol ® is an inhibitor of free radical processes, a membrane protector with antihypoxic, stress-protective, nootropic, anticonvulsant and anxiolytic effects. The drug increases the body's resistance to the effects of various damaging factors (shock, hypoxia and ischemia, cerebrovascular accidents, intoxication with alcohol and antipsychotics (neuroleptics)).
The mechanism of action of Mexidol ® is due to its antioxidant, antihypoxic and membrane protective effects. It inhibits lipid peroxidation, increases the activity of superoxide dismutase, increases the lipid-protein ratio, reduces membrane viscosity, and increases its fluidity. Mexidol ® modulates the activity of membrane-bound enzymes (calcium independent phosphodiesterase, adenylate cyclase, acetylcholinesterase), receptor complexes (benzodiazepine, GABA, acetylcholine), which enhances their ability to bind to ligands, helps preserve the structural and functional organization of biomembranes, transport of neurotransmitters and improve synaptic transmission. Mexidol increases the content of dopamine in the brain. Causes an increase in compensatory activation of aerobic glycolysis and a decrease in the degree of inhibition of oxidative processes in the Krebs cycle under hypoxic conditions with an increase in the content of ATP and creatine phosphate, activation of the energy-synthesizing functions of mitochondria, stabilization of cell membranes.
The drug improves metabolism and blood supply to the brain, improves microcirculation and rheological properties of blood, and reduces platelet aggregation.
Stabilizes the membrane structures of blood cells (erythrocytes and platelets) during hemolysis. It has a lipid-lowering effect, reduces the content of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins.
The anti-stress effect is manifested in the normalization of post-stress behavior, somatovegetative disorders, restoration of sleep-wake cycles, impaired learning and memory processes, reduction of dystrophic and morphological changes in various structures of the brain. Mexidol ® has a pronounced antitoxic effect in withdrawal symptoms. It eliminates the neurological and neurotoxic manifestations of acute alcohol intoxication, restores behavioral disorders, autonomic functions, and is also able to relieve cognitive impairment caused by long-term use ethanol and its withdrawal. Under the influence of Mexidol, the effect of tranquilizing, neuroleptic, antidepressant, hypnotics and anticonvulsants is enhanced, which makes it possible to reduce their doses and reduce side effects.
Mexidol ® improves functional state ischemic myocardium. In conditions coronary insufficiency increases collateral blood supply ischemic myocardium, helps preserve the integrity of cardiomyocytes and maintain their functional activity. Effectively restores myocardial contractility in reversible cardiac dysfunction.

Pharmacokinetics:
Rapidly absorbed when taken orally. The maximum concentration at doses of 400 - 500 mg is 3.5 - 4.0 mcg/ml. Quickly distributed in organs and tissues. The average retention time of the drug in the body when taken orally is 4.9 - 5.2 hours. Metabolized in the liver by glucuron conjugation. 5 metabolites have been identified: 3-hydroxypyridine phosphate - formed in the liver and, with the participation of alkaline phosphatase, breaks down into phosphoric acid and 3-hydroxypyridine; 2nd metabolite - pharmacologically active, is formed in large quantities and is found in the urine 1 - 2 days after administration; 3rd - excreted in large quantities in the urine; 4th and 5th are glucurone conjugates. T1/2 when taken orally - 2.0 - 2.6 hours. It is quickly excreted in the urine, mainly in the form of metabolites and in small quantities - unchanged. The most intensive elimination occurs during the first 4 hours after taking the drug. Rates of urinary excretion of unchanged drug and metabolites have individual variability.

Indications for use:

• Consequences of acute cerebrovascular accidents, including after transient ischemic attacks, in the subcompensation phase as preventive courses;
• Mild traumatic brain injury, consequences of traumatic brain injury;
• Encephalopathies of various origins (dyscirculatory, dysmetabolic, post-traumatic, mixed);
• Autonomic dystonia syndrome;
• Mild cognitive disorders of atherosclerotic origin;
• Anxiety disorders in neurotic and neurosis-like conditions;
• Coronary heart disease as part of complex therapy;
• Relief of withdrawal syndrome in alcoholism with a predominance of neurosis-like and vegetative-vascular disorders, post-withdrawal disorders;
• Conditions after acute intoxication with antipsychotic drugs;
• Asthenic conditions, as well as for the prevention of the development of somatic diseases under the influence of extreme factors and stress;
• Impact of extreme (stress) factors.

Contraindications:

Acute hepatic and/or renal failure, increased individual sensitivity to the drug. Due to insufficient knowledge of the effect of the drug - childhood, pregnancy, breastfeeding.

Directions for use and dosage:

Orally, 125 - 250 mg 3 times a day; the maximum daily dose is 800 mg (6 tablets).
Duration of treatment - 2 - 6 weeks; to relieve alcohol withdrawal - 5 - 7 days. Treatment is stopped gradually, reducing the dose over 2-3 days.
Initial dose - 125 - 250 mg (1 - 2 tablets) 1 - 2 times a day with a gradual increase until a therapeutic effect is obtained; the maximum daily dose is 800 mg (6 tablets).
The duration of therapy in patients with coronary heart disease is at least 1.5 - 2 months. Repeated courses (on the recommendation of a doctor) are preferably carried out in the spring and autumn periods.

Side effect:

It is possible that individual adverse reactions: dyspeptic or dyspeptic nature, allergic reactions.

Interaction with others medicines:
Mexidol is combined with all drugs used to treat somatic diseases. Enhances the effect of benzodiazepine drugs, antidepressants, anxiolytics, anticonvulsants and antiparkinsonian drugs. Reduces the toxic effects of ethyl alcohol.

Special instructions:

During the treatment period, care must be taken when driving vehicles and engaging in other potentially dangerous species activities that require increased concentration and speed of psychomotor reactions.

Overdose:

In case of overdose, drowsiness may develop.

Release form:

Film-coated tablets, 125 mg. 10 tablets in a blister pack made of PVC film and aluminum foil or 90 tablets in a food-grade plastic jar. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 blister packs or 1 plastic jar together with instructions for use in a cardboard pack. For hospitals. Film-coated tablets, 125 mg. 450 and 900 tablets in a plastic jar made of food grade plastic along with instructions for use in corrugated cardboard boxes.

Storage conditions:

Store in a dry place, protected from light, at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C. Keep out of the reach of children.

Best before date:

3 years. Do not use after the expiration date indicated on the pack.

Vacation conditions: On prescription

Manufacturer:

A: CJSC "ZiO-Zdorovye", 142103, Moscow region, Podolsk, st. Zheleznodorozhnaya 2
B: CJSC "ALSI-Pharma", CJSC "ALSI Pharma", 129272, Moscow, Trifonovsky deadlock, 3,

Organization accepting complaints:
LLC "NPK "Pharmasoft" 115280, Moscow, Avtozavodskaya st., 22

Comments(visible only to specialists verified by the MEDI RU editorial team)

Pharmaceutical analogues group*

*Analogues are not equivalent replacements for each other

Mexidol – medical drug, antioxidant orientation. Applicable as prophylactic with increased stress on the body due to illness, great physical and psycho-emotional stress. As a medicine, Mexidol is used in neurology, psychiatry, surgery, and therapeutic purposes. The drug enhances the effect of the main therapy, has a beneficial effect on general state the patient, his metabolism, cerebral circulation and heart function.

The active ingredient ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate is dosed in 1 tablet 125 mg, in 1 ml solution for injection - 50 mg.

The pharmaceutical industry offers two forms of drug release - Mexidol tablets and ampoules. The tablets are taken orally, regardless of meals. The drug solution can be prescribed for intramuscular and intravenous administration. Intramuscular injections of Mexidol are produced in ampoules with a dosage of 2 ml. Intravenous administration The drug uses ampoules with a dosage of 5 ml.

For treatment inflammatory diseases In the oral cavity, use a 5% solution of the drug as prescribed by the dentist. The therapy helps to effectively relieve swelling, redness, and significantly reduce the intensity of inflammation. A line of toothpastes with Mexidol has been developed. They are intended for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity - acute and chronic gingivitis, periodontitis.

Effect of the drug

Ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate inhibits oxidation processes in cells, preventing them from aging too quickly. It has a stimulating effect on cerebral circulation, improving brain function, renewing memory processes, improves cognitive abilities against the background of harmful external influences and organic pathology. Improves oxygen supply to organs and tissues of the body at the cellular level in conditions of oxygen starvation.

Mexidol increases the resistance of the nervous system and body to adverse stress or overload. Helps stabilize patients' condition depressive disorders. Reduces convulsive readiness of the brain. Effective for relieving withdrawal symptoms from alcohol and drug addiction.

Lipid-lowering properties are indispensable in cardiac therapy vascular disorders. Mexidol injections restore permeability cell membrane due to the regulation of the lipid component. The anxiolytic effect of the drug helps maintain the emotional and psychological status - reduces anxiety and unreasonable fears.

The medicine enhances the formation of dopamine and other neurotransmitters, improves the conduction of nerve impulses.

Application of the remedy:

• Relieves headaches of various etiologies
• Reduces reactions to external stimuli– dizziness, nausea are reduced, excessive irritability, tearfulness
• Improves performance vascular system, helps relieve symptoms of numbness of the extremities, pins and needles, stiffness
• Improves appearance - sparkle appears in the eyes, interest in life appears, skin acquires a healthy color
• In some cases, visual acuity improves

The state of the nervous system is stabilized, the overall tone of the body, mood, and self-awareness increase.

Why can Mexidol be prescribed? The drug has an extensive list of indications in several areas.

Mexidol tablets in neurology are prescribed:

• In complex therapy of VSD to improve peripheral circulation, strengthen blood vessels, increase their elasticity and stress resistance
• In the treatment of discirculatory encephalopathy against the background of atherosclerotic changes in cerebral vessels
• In the treatment of acute cerebrovascular accidents of various etiologies
• When neurological symptoms appear against the background of atherosclerotic changes in cerebral vessels - impaired speech, motor activity, memory loss, decreased cognitive abilities of the patient
• During the recovery period after a stroke

What does Mexidol treat in psychiatric practice? Here it is widely used to relieve acute withdrawal syndrome when removing a patient from a binge. The drug is prescribed to reduce toxic effects alcohol breakdown products, fusel oils, other toxic substances during therapy.

When the body detoxifies, addicted people experience powerful negative impact on the psyche and brain function, which causes them to fall into a state of rage and nervous overexcitation. Withdrawal syndrome may be accompanied by hallucinations and confusion. Here Mexidol has a noticeable calming and inhibitory effect. It enhances anticonvulsant and antidepressant therapy. In drug-addicted patients, Mexidol injections are indicated to ease the period of withdrawal from narcotic substances, with replacement therapy.

Why are pills prescribed for neuroses? Mexidol for neurotic disorders reduces the excitability of patients, helps remove them from the body psychotropic drugs, enhances the effect of antidepressants. Effective for detoxification in case of overdose of psychotropic substances.

In surgical practice, Mexidol is prescribed for:

• therapy of pancreatitis, acute and chronic pathologies
• pancreatic necrosis
• surgical interventions for purulent processes in the abdominal cavity

The drug is prescribed to reduce the toxic effects on the brain pathological processes in the pancreas.

In therapeutic practice, the effect of the drug is in demand to strengthen the body’s resistance under increased physical and psychological stress, in unfavorable conditions external factors. The action of the drug is mild with a prolonged effect.

The method of using the medicine and its dosage are individual in each case and depend on several factors.

• concomitant medical history
• individual tolerance
• compatibility with medications taken
• benefit/harm ratio assessment
• severity of side effects

The duration of taking tablets can vary from 1 week to 1.5 months.

The classic oral regimen is as follows:

• Treatment begins with a small dose of 1-2 tablets (125-250 mg), gradually increasing it until a lasting effect is achieved
• Limitation daily norm– 800 mg
• Complete therapy smoothly, gradually reducing drug intake

The injection solution can be prescribed intramuscularly, intravenously by stream and intravenously by drip. Intramuscular injections are prescribed in the central-upper region of the quarter of the buttock 2-3 times a day, 1-2 ampoules.

The intravenous bolus solution is allowed to be administered only slowly, over 7-10 minutes. Drip administration drug solution is shown at a rate of 1 drop per minute.

Prescriptions vary depending on the diagnosis:

• In case of acute cerebrovascular accidents, the drug is prescribed in an intensive course - 4 times a day, 200-500 mg intravenously - for 2 weeks. Then they switch to intramuscular injections of 2-3 times 250 mg.

• Alcohol withdrawal syndrome – treatment course is 7 days. The drug is administered intramuscularly in a daily dosage of 100 to 400 mg active substance. Therapy helps reduce excitability and aggressiveness of patients, and reduces alcohol dependence.

• For dementia, neuroleptic poisoning - intramuscular injections in a dosage of 100 to 300 mg per day

• In complex therapy of pancreatitis, peritonitis - up to 600 mg per day intramuscular injections in equal parts 2-3 times

• In severe conditions of necrotizing pancreatitis - drip, twice. The first 2 days, the maximum dose is 800 mg, subsequent therapy is 500 mg.

• Discirculatory encephalopathy – up to 1000 mg dropwise, divided into 4 times, every 6 hours

• In a hospital setting, it can be prescribed to children at a dosage of 100 mg for neuroinfection; the medicine is administered by intramuscular injection

• For preventive purposes, to maintain the body, Mexidol is prescribed orally in a daily dosage of 200 mg for a two-week course. The medicine is taken regardless of food intake, 2 tablets in the morning and evening

Note! Although the reviews about the drug are positive, using Mexidol independently and uncontrollably is unacceptable! Without a professional assessment of the appropriateness of its use, you can harm yourself.

If you take Mexidol for a hangover or to lift your mood, it can cause nausea, drowsiness, and dry mouth. Individual intolerance to the drug may manifest itself as skin reactions.

The medicine is prohibited for use in the treatment of pregnant, lactating women and pediatrics, since studies of its effect on these categories have not been conducted.

When prescribing the drug for home treatment, the patient's area of ​​employment should be taken into account. Mexidol slows down the reaction and causes some inhibition of thought processes. Rarely, the drug can cause coordination problems.

Analogs

If the drug is not available in the pharmacy, Mexidol can be replaced with the following medications:

• Mexidant – alcohol addiction, withdrawal from binge drinking
• Mexiprim - for disorders of peripheral circulation, metabolic processes, intoxication
• Cericardium – acute cerebrovascular accidents
• Meksifan - indicated for chronic overloads of the nervous system, to increase the body's defenses, approved for use at any age
• Meksifin - persistent disorders of brain function against the background of chronic alcoholism, drug addiction

However, it is better to entrust the selection of an analogue drug not to the pharmacist, but to the attending physician. Despite the similarity of their actions, the drugs are not completely interchangeable. If you are scheduled for outpatient treatment, it is better to wait until your next appointment.