Emotional reactivity of the individual. Level of emotional reactivity

Along with general increase The level of emotional selectivity (to which stimuli the subject reacts) in adolescence continues to differentiate according to the strength of reactivity. The level of emotional reactivity, the ability of an individual to experience feelings and emotions, is partly determined by its constitutional properties (this is proven by the study of twins), and partly by the conditions of upbringing. It should be emphasized that a low level of emotional reactivity is a psychologically unfavorable factor. According to the California Longitudinal Study, adolescents and young men with low emotional reactivity seemed more anxious, irritable, emotionally unstable, less decisive and less sociable than their high-reactive peers; in middle age (about 30 years), the former found it more difficult to adapt to their environment and more often exhibited neurotic symptoms.

From what has been said, it is clear that emotional problems and difficulties of adolescence must be considered specifically, since they have different origins. Teenage dysmorphophobia syndrome - just a side effect of preoccupation with one's body and appearance - usually goes away in youth. The sharp increase in the number of personality disorders in adolescence is mainly due to the fact that children do not have such disorders at all due to the underdevelopment of their self-awareness. Painful symptoms and anxieties that appear in youth are often not so much a reaction to the specific difficulties of age itself, but rather a manifestation of the delayed effect of earlier mental traumas.

The latest research refutes the opinion of many foreign psychologists about adolescence as a neurotic period of development. For most people, the transition from adolescence to adolescence is accompanied by improvements in communication and general emotional well-being. According to an experimental longitudinal study by E. A. Silina, who examined the same children in the 7th grade and again in the 9th grade, boys, compared to teenagers, show greater extroversion, less impulsiveness and emotional excitability, and greater emotional stability. These data are also interesting because in adolescence and early adolescence the same symptom complexes are already detected, the same as in adults. In other words, all the basic structures of temperament and its dependence on properties nervous system develop by adolescence. Youth, without changing the type of temperament, strengthens the integral connections of its elements, thereby making it easier to control one’s own reactions. According to A.V. Kuchmenko, 16-17 year old high school students, regardless of the type of their nervous system, are much more restrained and balanced than teenagers.

According to the American psychologist R. Cattell, whose personality test is used in many countries, including the USSR, from 12 to 17 years of age, indicators on such factors as sociability, ease in dealing with people and dominance (perseverance, competitiveness, desire) noticeably improve. dominate), while general excitability, on the contrary, decreases. In boys, in addition, indicators for the factor that combines sensitivity, gentleness of character, a sense of dependence and the need for care decrease, and self-doubt, internal restlessness and anxiety decrease, i.e. development goes towards greater balance.

Emotionally unbalanced, with signs of possible psychopathology, adolescents and young men constitute a statistical minority in their age group, not exceeding 10-20 percent of the total number, i.e. almost the same as among adults.

In a socialist society, there are no such pathogenic factors as unemployment, uncertainty about the future, competition, relishing violence and cruelty, which poison the life of young people in capitalist countries. This alleviates the difficulties of the maturation period for Soviet boys and girls and contributes to their physical and mental health. But precisely because society is interested in the mental health of each of its members, the emotional world of high school students should always be in the center of attention of teachers and parents, who can be effectively helped in this regard by psychologists and psychotherapists.

Adolescence is thus characterized by a greater (compared with adolescence) differentiation of emotional reactions and ways of expressing emotional states, as well as an increase in self-control and self-regulation. Youthful moods are much more stable and conscious than adolescent moods, and correlate with a much wider range of social conditions.

The expansion of the circle of personally significant relationships, which are always emotionally colored, is manifested in the development of so-called higher feelings. The assimilation of a certain system of moral norms and principles is translated into a complex range of moral feelings - a sense of duty to society and people around, the ability to empathize, the need for friendship and love, a sense of comradely solidarity and moral and political feelings, such as Soviet patriotism and socialist internationalism.

Violation by a high school student of the norms of behavior accepted by him causes him a painful feeling of guilt. The sphere of aesthetic feelings is noticeably expanding, which are gradually isolated from the circle of other experiences and find specific ways of expression and satisfaction. At the same time, in aesthetics, as well as in morality, youth is especially sensitive to contrasts, acutely experiencing the transition from the sublime to the base, from the tragic to the comic. Particularly noteworthy is the development in youth of a sense of humor and irony, which is closely associated with the growth of intellect, allowing the adolescent to wrest an object from its usual connections and establish unusual, “strange” associations with it. Intellectual and practical feelings are also noticeably differentiated. Naive children's curiosity develops into a conscious enjoyment of the process of thinking, into joy at overcoming difficulties, a conscious desire for creativity, etc.

Atypical depression is an insidious and very difficult to recognize disease. In order to detect and cure it in time, it is important to know such a dangerous “enemy” by sight and be prepared for an active and long-term fight against it.

We are all accustomed to perceiving depression as a depressed state of the body in which we don’t want to do anything. However, sometimes the disease manifests itself with completely opposite symptoms.

This poses an even greater threat to a person’s life: after all, even if he says that he has psychological disorder, but at the same time eat with great appetite, no one will believe it. And in vain, because this disease is very diverse and insidious.

What is atypical depression

When a typical depression(BP) a person can eat with increased appetite, sleep a lot and soundly, even gain weight. But at the same time internal state will become more depressed every day.

This is why the disease is very difficult to diagnose: having all the destructive properties of typical depression, it manifests itself in completely opposite ways.

Thus, AD is a unique form of true depressive disorder, which has all the destructive properties of a typical similar condition, but at the same time characterized by the following uncharacteristic properties:

increased, sometimes even very strong, appetite;
good and deep sleep(in some cases, the state of sleep prevails over the state of wakefulness);
weight gain;
pronounced emotional reactivity.

If the first three points are quite clear, then the fourth needs to be discussed separately. It is known that with typical depression the patient withdraws into himself, becomes almost completely unemotional, and weakly reacts to external stimuli, both mental and physical. But everything is not at all like that atypical form diseases.

A person suffering from just such a disorder, on the contrary, will react to everything sharply, over-emotionally, very violently. Tears, scandals, violent outbursts and sometimes even fights - all this is typical for such a disease.

Particularly powerful reactions are observed in adolescents suffering from AD. And often it is behavior that makes it possible to suspect an illness.

Symptoms

As a rule, mainly adolescents and people in the transition from youth to adulthood are prone to atypical depression. This is explained physical changes in the body as well.

If we consider the first risk group (teenagers), then everything is simple. Children on the threshold of growing up are very mentally vulnerable and constantly tense internally, which leads to illness.

People in their mid-30s experience much the same as teenagers. IN certain moment they begin to realize: youth has already passed, best years behind us, life is a finite thing.

And, in addition, certain hormonal changes occur (as, by the way, in growing children). It’s not for nothing that this time is called a “midlife crisis” and is dangerous precisely because of falling into depression. including the atypical one.

Symptoms are a set of symptoms characteristic of a particular disease. And in the case of AD they are as follows:

Marked emotional reactivity(main symptom).
A sharp increase in appetite, may be accompanied by weight gain (one of the main ones).
Frequent and deep sleep Sometimes constant drowsiness(one of the main ones).
Feeling of heaviness in the limbs(additional physical symptom).
Avoiding contact with other people, sometimes even very important and close (additional symptom).

The diagnosis of atypical depression is made in the presence of the first sign, since it is the main one, as well as two or more others.

Causes

It would be very wrong to attribute this very difficult state of mind solely to changes in the development and formation of the personality. Also, AD can be provoked by physical changes, and some very serious stress, and deep personal experiences. Therefore, the disease has an incredible variety of causes.

So, atypical depression can develop as a result of the following life situations:

tragic loss or sudden changes in the existing way of life (the departure or betrayal of a loved one, the death of a loved one, the breakup of an old and very significant relationship);
negative changes in a professional status or social status(dismissal from work, falling out of the usual society, radical change of place of residence);
violence experienced (domestic, sexual, sensual or bodily);
strong interpersonal conflicts with someone very important for this person;
genetic predisposition and personality type;
serious physical illness or addiction (drugs, alcohol).

According to medical research, with this form of depressive disorder, strong changes occur in the cerebral cortex, due to which the hormonal balance, and negative chemical reactions occur.

Treatment

In order to get out of this personality-destroying state, a special complex treatment, based both on the use of certain medications and on a very subtle psychological effect.

For a positive outcome, not only medications are important, but also care, diet, and serious psychological support.

Blood pressure can be treated with medication using special antidepressants, which only the attending physician can prescribe. It is when consuming them that it is recommended to follow a certain diet that will improve your internal condition.

Patients should not eat any products manufactured more than 2 weeks ago, as well as smoked meats and fatty cheeses. They all contain tyramine, a substance that aggravates depression.

It is important to remember that people with severe depression are extremely vulnerable and perceive any words and actions very painfully. They are insecure, constantly depressed and very indecisive.

Such people require special attention and should not be left alone. It's no secret to anyone that prolonged depression are fraught with suicidal outcomes. Therefore, it is important to see what is happening to a person.

Dealing with a depressed loved one requires a lot of patience and even more a lot of attention, because one wrong action can lead to a sad result. Therefore, you should remember a few rules:

Depression is a disease that lasts a very long time and is incredibly complex in its external and internal manifestations, which can be triggered by almost any negative life situation.

In no case should such patients be dismissed, because only understanding and friendly support can bring a dear person out of such a dangerous and gloomy state. And it is important to remember this every second.

Video: Interview with Associate Professor of the Department of Psychiatry

searching results

Results found: 102 (1.12 sec)

Free access

Limited access

License renewal is being confirmed

Predicting the adaptation of university students should be based on knowledge of their psychological characteristics and characteristics: personal motives, value orientations, orientation, self-esteem, qualities associated with the general type of higher nervous activity(features of temperament, neuroticism, emotional reactivity, extra-introversion), character accentuations, locus of control. We will try to reveal all of the above concepts and their significance for the adaptation of university students in this article.

The article presents the results of a study of the development of social intelligence junior schoolchildren. From grades 1 to 4, positive dynamics are observed, but with the onset of the teenage crisis, destructive changes social intelligence.

ANTIHYPOXIC ACTIVITY OF ZINC, COBALT AND IRON METAL COMPLEXES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON ANIMAL BEHAVIOR [Electronic resource] / Shakhmardanova, Shakhmardanov // Bulletin of Voronezh State University. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Pharmacy.- 2014.- No. 4.- P. 144-148.- Access mode: https://site/efd/505679

The "open field" test showed that metal complexes of zinc, cobalt and iron derivatives of 1-alkenylimidazole have sedative effect on the individual behavior of laboratory rats. In experiments on non-linear white male mice, the studied compounds showed a pronounced protective effect under conditions of acute hypoxia of various genesis in wide range doses (5-250 mg/kg, ip), exceeding the effect of known antihypoxants: etomerzole (25-100 mg/kg, ip), mexidol (100 mg/kg, ip) and nooglutil (25-100 mg/kg, i.p.), which may be one of the possible mechanisms of sedative action.

The effect of potassium comenate on the functional state of the CNS of animals in the tests “open field” and “mink chamber” was studied. normal conditions and after exposure to acute hypoxia with hypercapnia, as well as its effect on propofol sleep. It has been established that preliminary administration of potassium comenate at a dose of 4 mg/kg for 3 days helps to weaken post-hypoxic changes in behavioral reactions (emotional anxiety and emotional reactivity) of animals. At the same time, a pronounced stress-protective effect of potassium comenate is observed both 1 day and 14 days after hypoxia. Under normal conditions, potassium comenate reduces the activity of behavioral reactions and enhances the hypnotic effect of propofol. It is assumed that the antihypoxic effect of potassium comenate is due to its stress-protective and psychosedative properties

Physical culture in the field of leisure for students method. ...

The practical use of material from methodological recommendations will significantly expand the knowledge, skills and abilities of students in organizing independent classes in physical education and sports, will help attract more students to physical education in their free time from study, will allow to most fully satisfy cognitive and general cultural needs, to promote the formation of a healthy lifestyle. The content of the methodological recommendations meets the basic requirements curriculum discipline “Physical Education” on the topic: “Fundamentals of methods of independent physical exercise.”

Preview: Physical culture in the field of leisure for students.pdf (0.2 Mb)

Under consideration possible connection sleep disorders in children and adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders. Data are provided on the connection between disturbances in the duration and integrity of sleep with increased emotional reactivity and lability, high levels of anxiety, and symptoms of depression. Communication discussed clinical symptoms attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, aggressiveness, poor academic performance with sleep disorders, including those associated with breathing disorders during sleep, restless leg syndrome and periodic motion limbs. Data are provided on characteristic polysomnographic changes detected against the background of the discussed emotional and behavioral disorders in children. A possible pathophysiological basis for the identified associations is given. Practical recommendations for examining children with complaints of emotional and behavioral disorders for possible concomitant sleep disorders

2]. The emotional reactivity of a child significantly influences his behavior, which is what educators, teachers and parents pay attention to, and in schoolchildren increased emotional reactivity is often combined with aggressive behavior.

The emotional reactivity (33) of military university cadets is expressed significantly higher than emotional sensitivity (25), which is a prerequisite for them to remain calm and quickly respond to an emergency situation.

Acetylcholinesterase activity was determined quantitatively by a cytochemical method in brain structures (layers III and V of the sensorimotor cortex, caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus - field CA3) of August and Wistar rats with high and low motor activity in the “open field” test. It was found that in the studied brain structures of August rats, acetylcholinesterase activity predominates in animals with high motor activity compared to rats with low motor activity. In Wistar rats, the differences between the parameters of animals with high and low physical activity are less pronounced, but vary depending on the series of studies. A comparison of August rats with low motor activity and Wistar rats with high motor activity (the maximum difference in motor function in these animals) revealed a significant excess of acetylcholinesterase activity in August rats in layer III of the sensorimotor cortex and the absence of differences in the other studied brain structures of these animals.

GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND PATHOLOGICAL PHYSIOLOGY of acetylcholine in the brain was studied differentially - depending on some characteristics of animal behavior (genetically determined emotional reactivity and DA).

When researching emotional sphere and LPO processes in adolescents of both sexes aged 14-17 years suffering from essential arterial hypertension, pronounced changes in emotional status were identified, associated with dysregulation in the LPO-antioxidant defense system. The emotional sphere in adolescents with hypertension was characterized by increased anxiety combined with emotional lability, a tendency to depressive and aggressive reactions. The most informative indicators were identified that describe significant differences in the indicators of the LPO-antioxidant protection system between the groups of healthy people and patients with hypertension: fatty acid with double bonds, antioxidant activity, retinol. Statistically significant multidirectional correlations between indicators were established emotional states and components of the LPO-antioxidant protection system.

Under these conditions, altered emotional reactivity acquired the role of a trigger that triggered a sequence of psychophysiological and metabolic reactions, which, in turn, could have an inverse effect on the state...

Gender and age, physiological and mental aspects of the formation of students' adaptation to educational activities [Electronic resource] / Stepanchikova, Khitsova // Bulletin of the Voronezh State University. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Pharmacy.- 2006.- No. 2.- P. 167-170.- Access mode: https://site/efd/524084

Sex and age, physiological and mental aspects of the formation of alaptation were revealed in 123 students of the Faculty of Biology and Soil of the Voronezh state university to educational activities. It has been established that the process of adaptation is carried out in three stages; its dynamics has different character in boys and girls

High emotional reactivity, intensity of excitatory and inhibitory processes are associated with neuroticization and accentuation of hysterical, psychoasthenic and vegetative-vascular symptoms.

The article presents the results of a comparative study of adolescents characterized by exemplary and unsatisfactory behavior. Intellectual, neurodynamic, personal characteristics, as well as the severity of character accentuations in adolescents with different behavior At school. The study revealed the closest connection between behavior and character intellectual development students.

while with a decrease in academic performance there will be an increase mental stress and emotional reactivity of adolescents.

Systemic diagnostics of a person and the development of mental...

Cognition

The book presents innovative theory and practice of systemic psychological diagnostics and development mental functions. Over 40 diagnostic and correctional and developmental techniques implemented using the “Activationometer” hardware and software complex are described in detail. These methods make it possible to diagnose and, in some cases, develop the most significant properties of all main levels of human structure: somatic, psychophysiological, mental states, mental processes, psychological properties of the individual. Part of the book is devoted to systemic lie detection.

Preview: Systematic diagnostics of a person and the development of mental functions. manual.pdf (1.4 MB)

Psychological conditions for increasing the efficiency of the process...

M.: PROMEDIA

Volitional control is determined mainly by the effectiveness of self-regulation mechanisms. Emotional reactivity, as the way the psyche involuntarily reacts to difficult situations, largely depends on its response to the nervous system.

Preview: Psychological conditions for increasing the efficiency of the process of forming emotional-volitional stability in soldiers by means of physical training.pdf (0.2 Mb)

Gender differences in the effectiveness of psychotropic and ...

publishing house NCFU

The monograph is the result of a 15-year collaboration employees of the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics and Pharmacy of the North Caucasus Federal University and the Department clinical pharmacology with the FVE course of the Stavropol State Medical University. It is devoted to solving an important problem for medicine - the study of sex differences in the effects of psychotropic and cardiotropic drugs. A comparative analysis of the effects of antipsychotic, antidepressant, tranquilizing and cardiovascular means in laboratory animals - males and females, and also presents data on the effect of drugs in ovariectomized female rats, including against the background of hormonal replacement correction

IN late dates Compared to the early period, the level of depression and emotional reactivity decreased, but the indicators did not recover to the level in intact females.

Preview: Gender differences in the effectiveness of psychotropic and cardiotropic drugs.pdf (1.2 Mb)

Independent physical culture and sports activities...

The educational manual contains methodological and practical material for conducting independent physical education classes of various types.

Persons who have such individual characteristics such as sociability, social courage, dominance, endurance, plasticity, aggressiveness, emotional reactivity, can be recommended physical exercise, requiring...

Preview: Independent physical education and sports activities of students in mastering physical education.pdf (0.2 Mb)

Professional orientation as a basic component...

Velikoluksk State Academy of Physical Culture and Sports

The monograph is devoted to the theoretical and methodological justification of the technology vocational training specialist in the system of higher vocational pedagogical education based on the development of professional orientation as a necessary condition for the formation of the skills of a sports teacher and the successful development of the sphere " Physical Culture and sports."

Endurance, activity, emotional reactivity (2001). 15 Most significant scientific contribution into the doctrine of......Endurance Emotional reactivity Activity In the works of V.D. Nebylitsyn (1972) also outlined ways to search for general properties...

Preview: Professional orientation as a basic component of the technology for training sports teachers.pdf (1.2 Mb)

No. 3 [Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Series "Psychology", 2015]

These indicators include the following psychodiagnostic indicators of the Rorschach test: originality; intellectual initiative; psychophysical activity; emotional reactivity; emotional activation; flexibility.

Preview: Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Psychology Series No. 3 2015.pdf (0.8 Mb)

Systemic psychological diagnostics using the device "...

Cognition

The monograph is devoted to psychological research conducted using the Activationometer device, developed by prof. Yu.A. Zagarelli. The results presented in the monograph were obtained using new technologies based on the diagnostic devices of the device. These technologies - lie detection, diagnostics of reliability in extreme situations, determination of qualitative features of the educational environment - were developed by Doctors of Psychological Sciences Yu.A. Tsagarelli and R.F. Suleymanov. The studies were carried out in different fields of activity and at different objects: drivers, teachers, firefighters, managers, which may be of interest to specialists in various fields. Addressed to teachers, graduate students and students of psychological faculties of universities for in-depth study of practical courses, as well as to specialist researchers in various fields of applied psychology.

Preview: Systemic psychological diagnostics using the “Activationometer” device monograph.pdf (0.7 Mb)

"Scientific Notes of SPbGIPSR" has been published since 2001. The magazine collects best articles teachers of the institute, as well as scientists and teachers of other universities in St. Petersburg, Russia and other countries. The journal is devoted to a wide range of issues in the field of psychological and social education, theory and practice of psychology and social work, research in the field applied psychology, various psychological techniques are published, as well as reviews of textbooks and other publications by scientists and teachers of the city.

The uncontrollable motor and emotional reactivity characteristic of many children in this age period, as well as excessive stubbornness, have a negative, inhibitory effect on the development of social intelligence in younger schoolchildren.

No. 1 [Siberian Psychological Journal, 2009]

"Siberian Psychological Journal" is a scientific and practical periodical, publishes original articles on various branches of psychology. The goals of the journal are to disseminate scientific psychological knowledge, support high standards of scientific publication, promote the competitiveness of Russian scientists and the integration of Russian psychological science into the global information scientific space.

Such a property of temperament as emotional reactivity is directly related to emotion-centered coping, and the existence of this type of coping is ensured by more primitive psychological defense mechanisms - regression and projection.

Preview: Siberian Psychological Journal No. 1 2009.pdf (0.3 Mb)

The main directions for the development of psychological stability...

FSBEI HPE "IGLU"

The master's thesis examines the factors that determine the psychological stability of an individual and contains recommendations for the psychological service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation on developing psychological stability.

These include: temperament, emotional reactivity, extroversion-introversion and some other qualities. Thus, the answer to the question of personality stability is very ambiguous and uncertain.

Preview: Main directions for the development of psychological stability of the individual.pdf (0.7 Mb)

No. 4 (123) Issue 17/1 [Scientific bulletins of Belgorod State University. Medicine series. Pharmacy, 2012]

The journal is included in the List of leading peer-reviewed scientific journals and publications published in the Russian Federation, which recommend the publication of the main results of dissertations for the academic degrees of Doctor and Candidate of Sciences. The series "Medicine. Pharmacy" includes articles on clinical and experimental medicine, healthcare organization and health care, hygiene, dentistry, gerontology, pharmacology and pharmacy

Emotional reactivity reached the values of the control group, and in comparison with mice exposed to acute hypoxia, it was significantly (75%) lower.

Preview: Scientific statements of the Belgorod State University. Series Medicine. Pharmacy №4 (123) Issue 171 2012.pdf (0.9 Mb)

No. 4 [Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics, 2014]

The former name "Issues of protection of motherhood and childhood" is one of the oldest scientific and practical journals (issued since 1956). The journal reflects modern trends diagnosis and treatment of diseases childhood in various fields of medicine: neonatology and perinatology; of cardio-vascular system; gastroenterology; nephrology and urology; pulmonology and allergology; psychoneurology, etc. The publication contains discussion and lecture articles, literature reviews and abstracts of articles published in foreign journals. Traditionally, the journal acquaints readers with the materials of scientific congresses, congresses and other medical forums related to the issues of perinatology and pediatrics.

Sleep initiation, duration, consolidation and quality. The high emotional reactivity of the child can also be combined with such sleep disorders, which are referred to as parasomnias (various episodic events that occur during sleep).

Preview: Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics No. 4 2014.pdf (0.2 Mb)

The article describes the phased organization of social and project activities in the course of training future specialists social sphere in conditions of higher professional education.

To the behavior of others, emotional reactivity, the reflexive readiness of a specialist for future professional activity is revealed, which is the key to its success. At the same time, according to our research (2012-2013), it has...

Teaching practice

Pedagogical practice of students pedagogical university is integral part educational program of higher professional education. During this period, the student masters a variety of functions and forms a new level of relationships (with students, their parents, teachers). The goals and scope of teaching practice are determined by the relevant state educational standards.

4. Emotional reactivity 1) always reacts emotionally to any life phenomena; he can be deeply moved, to the point of tears, by a story or a movie; 2) there is little that can deeply excite him; 3) 4) 5. General emotional tone 1) usually...

Preview: Pedagogical practice.pdf (0.4 Mb)

Psychological workshop. Feeling. Perception.

Omsk State University

Laboratory work is presented that has become classic in the study of sensation, perception, and representation. The manual consists of three sections: the first is devoted to the study of the properties of the nervous system, the second - the study various properties and mechanisms of sensations and perceptions, the third - the study of ideas. The manual highlights a number of design requirements laboratory work. For students of the Faculty of Psychology.

balance (more unstable in the excitable type, inert in the inhibitory type, etc.); 3) emotional reactivity is caused by the impact of stimuli on receptors (greater in the weak type, least in the strong, balanced, sedentary...

Preview: Psychological workshop. Feeling. Perception. Presentation..pdf (0.2 MB)

No. 2 [News of the Baltic State Academy of the Fishing Fleet, 2012]

Includes science articles, dedicated to current problems of professional pedagogical education. The authors consider various aspects pedagogical activity, allowing to solve specific problems of professional pedagogical education. Designed for a wide range of scientists, specialists in the field of theory and methodology of professional education, graduate students, doctoral students and applicants. Included in the List of Higher Attestation Commissions

qualities associated with the general type of higher nervous activity are stable: temperamental features, neuroticism, emotional reactivity, extra-introversion, however, their changes can be fixed in the course of personality formation.

Preview: Proceedings of the Baltic State Academy of the Fishing Fleet Psychological and Pedagogical Sciences No. 2 2012.pdf (0.6 Mb)

No. 5 [Siberian Ecological Journal, 2010]

Basic scientific directions: * theoretical and methodological issues of ecology * regional aspects of ecology * zones of ecological disasters * structure and functioning of ecosystems * anthropogenic transformation of ecosystems

When analyzing such parameters of individual behavior as emotional reactivity in the “open field” and “risk test”, significant differences were revealed between settlements with different density of breeding individuals.

Preview: Siberian Ecological Journal No. 5 2010.pdf (0.3 Mb)

No. 1 [Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Series "Psychology", 2016]

The journal is intended for psychologists and specialists in other related fields, it covers topical problems of modern psychology.

Realism of perception (popularity of interpretations, pop) Flexibility of thinking (f) Composition of thinking (Z) Share of variance Factor 2 Emotional reactivity (ΣС) Intellectual control (F%) Share of variance Factor structure of leadership (in...

Preview: Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Psychology Series No. 1 2016.pdf (0.8 Mb)

No. 5 [Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2016]

The journal contains planned work of research institutions in the form of short original reports on topical issues of biology and medicine, containing new significant scientific results. Editor-in-Chief, Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences V.A. Tutelyan Headings of the journal “Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine”: - Physiology - General pathology and pathological physiology - Biophysics and biochemistry - Pharmacology and toxicology - New drugs - Immunology and microbiology - Allergology - Genetics - Virology - Oncology - Ecology - Nanotechnology - New biomedical technologies - Experimental methods - clinic - Biogerontology - Primatology - Sports medicine - Experimental biology - Morphology and pathomorphology - Methods.

At the same time, emotional reactivity, emotional anxiety and orienting research activity practically did not differ from control animals (intact and CC group).

Preview: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine No. 5 2016.pdf (0.2 Mb)

SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF SCHOOLCHILDREN IN CRITICAL...

The monograph is dedicated to one of current problems psychological and pedagogical theory and practice. It analyzes the results of a study of factors in the process of socio-psychological adaptation of schoolchildren, which determine the dynamic features of its course during critical periods of development. The paper presents the concept of a practice-oriented model for supporting the socio-psychological adaptation of schoolchildren, based on an individual typological approach to the prevention and correction of risk factors of the adaptation process during age-related crises.

in relation to adults and children, emotional unattractiveness of parents, unsuccessful social contacts with peers, anxiety in situations of school and interpersonal interaction, emotional distress, lack of self-confidence...

Preview: SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF SCHOOLCHILDREN DURING CRITICAL PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT (INDIVIDUAL-TYPOLOGICAL APPROACH).pdf (0.3 Mb)

No. 4 [Bulletin of Voronezh State University. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Pharmacy, 2014]

The journal is included in the List of the Higher Attestation Commission of leading peer-reviewed scientific journals and publications in which the main scientific results of dissertations for the academic degrees of Doctor and Candidate of Sciences should be published

elements of behavior - patterns. Integral characteristics of behavior were also studied: emotional reactivity (er), emotional anxiety (et), orienting-exploratory activity (oia) and mobility coefficient (kP). er...

Preview: Bulletin of Voronezh State University. Chemistry series. Biology. Pharmacy No. 4 2014.pdf (2.3 Mb)

No. 1 (37) [Special education, 2015]

Included in the List of Higher Attestation Commissions

Motor-speech processes associated with the predominance of properties of special mobility and excitability;  increased emotional reactivity, prolonged by the child’s readiness to clearly express his neurotic reactions in communication with

Preview: Special education No. 1 (37) 2015.pdf (0.8 Mb)

Emotional development of the child, educational method. allowance

Publishing house of ZabGGPU

The educational manual describes the features of the development of a child’s emotions at different age stages. The manual contains methods for diagnosing emotional states, as well as methods for correcting and enriching the child’s emotional sphere. The manual contains a glossary of terms and a list of references.

Modification) 6 Emotional reactivity: Emotivity (scheme by E. V. Nikiforova) Fact emotional stress(scheme by E. I. Izotova) Emotional style (scheme by E. I. Izotova) Children's version of the emotional stability scale...

Preview: Emotional development of the child, educational and methodological manual Vinogradova N. I., Nikitina N. B.; Transbaikal. state hum.-ped. univ. .pdf (0.3 Mb)

Projective psychodiagnostics textbook. allowance

M.: MGI im. E.R. Dashkova

The textbook attempts to introduce readers to some projective techniques, which are examples of the practice of psychological research of personality. The description and list of these techniques contain the views of a number of authors who apply the techniques from the point of view of various theories of projections. The bulk of the statistical data was obtained experimentally by the author in the process of real psychodiagnostic activity outside the laboratory.

Controlled emotionality Piotrovsky Emotional reactivity / yynrupruP viyolet Full name White -es ry 115 Black...affective stimulation Fixation, rigidity emptiness Emotional neutrality repression, suppression...

Preview: Projective psychodiagnostics study guide.pdf (0.8 Mb)

Toxicology with basics of ecotoxicology textbook. allowance

The textbook contains basic knowledge of general toxicology, industrial toxicology and environmental toxicology. The main classifications of toxic substances, the mechanisms of their action on the human body, addiction and combined action poisons, toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics, biological features body at toxic effect, toxicological characteristics of the main industrial poisons, main directions of prevention occupational poisoning, fundamentals of environmental toxicology.

When analyzing the results of experiments in the “open field”, three main characteristics of the individual behavior of animals are identified: ER - emotional reactivity: the sum of the “sitting” and “freezing” postures.

INTERPRETATION OF DATA (FAMILY DIAGNOSIS)

Emotional Process in the Nuclear Family

There may be several mechanisms in the family that reduce general anxiety. It is usually easiest to identify the pattern of emotional functioning that is contributing to the clinical dysfunction and for which the family has sought therapeutic help. It is much more difficult to determine the relationships that gave rise to serious symptoms or less serious violations in past. Perhaps the father will not voluntarily talk about the fact that he has been abusing alcohol for a long time. However, if you ask him how he copes with his anxiety, it is quite possible that he will talk about his drinking. It is possible that the father drank heavily for a number of years and at the same time managed to maintain a completely adequate level of functioning in many areas of his life. His son, who was diagnosed with schizophrenia several years ago, may be the family's underlying problem and the one for which the parents sought therapeutic help. In this case, the main mechanism that absorbs the family’s lack of differentiation is excessive involvement in the son’s problems. The second mechanism is tolerance to the peculiarities of functioning of one of the spouses. The direction of the emotional process in the nuclear family can be depicted in several ways. It can be designated as “dysfunction in the spouse”, it can be depicted symbolically using arrows or broken lines, in addition, the direction of the emotional process in this family with the main symptom of schizophrenia in the son and secondary symptom father's alcoholism can be depicted as in the diagram (Figure 7).

Rice. 7. The thick arrow from mother to son means that the main form of emotional functioning in the family is the process of family projection. Thin arrows pointing down for the father and up for the mother mean that the secondary form of emotional functioning in the family is dysfunction of one of the spouses

Stressors

Identifying the events or stressors that led to the family's emotional disturbance is the fourth component of the family diagnosis. After identifying specific events, a qualitative assessment of the overall level of stress in the family is given. When people talk about stress, they point to an event, not the family's reaction to that event. But at the same time, an emotionally “overloaded” sequence of reactions that began in response to an event and caused certain “movements” in the system of family relationships is often a much larger and more intense source of stress than the event itself.

Stressors can be current events or events that have occurred in the past in the nuclear and extended family systems. Often stressors in the nuclear family system are events such as marriage, pregnancy, the birth of a child, separation of spouses, divorce, the departure or departure of a child from home, moving into a family to live together with a grandparent or any relative of one of the spouses, serious illness or injury, significant change in professional status, financial instability and change of family residence. Events that occur in the extended family system, such as the death of a parent, divorce of a sibling, serious illness, injury or traumatic event, and relocation of relatives, are also potential stressors for the nuclear family. The importance of events, their number and time intervals between them, as a rule, determine the level of stress in the family. The level of stress can be described either in points - “from 0 to 4”, “from 1 to 10”, or qualitatively - “moderate - severe”.

Emotional reactivity

Assessing the level of chronic anxiety or emotional reactivity in a nuclear family is based on a number of indicators: the number of symptoms in the family, the degree of decline in the level of functioning associated with these symptoms, the increase in distance and/or conflict in family relationships, and the level of anxiety and reactivity among family members . Anxiety and reactivity can manifest themselves in such different ways that assessing their levels in individual family members can be quite difficult. One spouse may show outward calm because he is convinced that the other spouse is to blame for what happened. His conviction is a form of reactivity. A parent can remain calm because he cannot accept the idea that his son or daughter has problems. A parent's refusal to acknowledge that there is a problem is a form of reactivity. On the other hand, the spouse may appear very reactive, trying to send numerous signals to others about his anxiety. But for him, such signals may simply be a way to maintain internal balance and calm. Because no instrument exists to measure anxiety or reactivity, the clinician typically evaluates a particular family in comparison to other families.

Adaptability of the Core Family

The adaptability of the focal family is assessed by comparing the family's level of emotional reactivity with the level of stress experienced. High levels of emotional reactivity in response to low levels of stress are associated with low levels of adaptability. Low level emotional reactivity in response to high levels of stress is associated with high levels of adaptability.

Assessment of family functioning during periods advanced level stress and assessing the level of stress in the family during periods of unusually intense symptoms provide insight into the overall adaptability of the family.

In addition to the level of anxiety or emotional reactivity and stress level, when assessing adaptability, the therapist should also consider and consider the ways in which the family regulates its anxiety. Using specific anxiety management techniques can prevent a family from developing clinical symptoms for many years. Outwardly, a family may demonstrate fairly good adaptability, but this impression sometimes turns out to be deceptive. The family can within long period function without any symptoms, but when they suddenly appear, they are extremely serious.

When a family exhibits many symptoms, their mere presence is a source of stress. It often looks as if the family is under severe stress. However, upon closer examination, it turns out that the main stressors of a particular family are not very different from those faced by other families, for example, the birth of a child, financial difficulties, transition periods for children, the death of a parent of one of the spouses, etc. Many people believe they are under “tremendous” stress pressure, but their perception has more to do with their reactions to the presence of stress than their actual level of stress.

Extended family stability and integrity

Stability is correlated with the average level of functioning of extended family members. Integrity is associated with the question of which members of the extended system are alive and available for interaction. These options are similar but not equivalent basic level differentiation.
The stability and integrity of each spouse's extended family is assessed separately. For quantitative assessment, you can use a scale from 1 to 5. A rating of “5” would be given to an extended family system in which the average level of functioning of grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, parents, and siblings is stable on most measures. There may be some problems in the family, but they are not the main ones. In addition, a “5” rating is also given to a family system in which a sufficient number of relatives are alive and accessible to the nuclear family being assessed. A rating of “1” could be given to an extended family in which average level The functioning of grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, parents, and siblings is unstable in many ways. The influence of the symptomatic personality extends over almost the entire system, and the symptoms themselves are often very severe. In this extended family there may be people whose functioning is more or less stable, but they are in a clear minority. In addition, an extended system could be rated "1" if many important members are deceased or unavailable to the family being assessed. It's a very fragmented family system.

A nuclear family with an apparently unstable and fragmented extended family system is in a completely different position compared to a nuclear family with an apparently stable and viable extended family system.

Breaking emotional ties

All people have some kind of unprocessed problems in the area of emotional attachments with their parents and relatives from extended family systems. The lower the level of differentiation of the Self, the more problems with emotional attachments. The regulation of these unprocessed emotional problems is carried out by establishing the degree of emotional rupture or cooling of the relationship. This gap is fixed in maintaining one or another physical and/or emotional distance. A person who is physically estranged from his family often justifies this by saying that he needs to gain independence from his parents. He usually denies his emotional dependence on other people and is prone to changing relationships when it becomes difficult for him to regulate their emotional level. A person who is in close physical contact with his family often feels too dependent on it to decide to leave it. However, he can make this break internally, intrapsychically, in order to cope with the intensity of the emotional attachment. A psychotic person living with his parents does just that. There are a wide variety of gradations of emotional gaps.

Although the act of cutting ties with other people is to some extent an automatic emotional process, there is also an element of conscious choice involved. U psychotic personality this process is largely involuntary and automatic. For high-functioning people, the question of whether or not to maintain contact with other people is more a matter of conscious choice. A person who has difficulties interacting with other people finds it easier to avoid them than to deal with them. This avoidance can easily be justified by saying that his family is “simply unbearable.” People with the same level of self-differentiation may make different decisions about how to build their relationships with their families. One person may significantly reduce contact with their family and concentrate on new relationships. Another may decide to maintain contact with his family and try to cope with the existing family confusion and disorder in relationships. Each of these people has the same level of differentiation, but one person is more separated from his family than the other. A person who has less ties to family has a more reliable emotional support system than a person whose ties to family are more severed. A lonely person during periods of stress is more susceptible to developing different symptoms and more likely to change relationships.

Assessing the extent of emotional rupture is often difficult because not all extended family members living close to each other have the same emotional contacts with the family, just as not all relatives living far from the family have the same emotional contacts with it. Therefore, physical distance or proximity are not reliable indicators of emotional rupture. The gap is assessed based on information about the quality of emotional contact between people. High quality of contact is not the equivalent of “total openness,” “truthfulness,” or “harmony” in a relationship. Nor is it equivalent to the ability of people to “resist” difficulties in their relationships with each other. Insisting on “total openness” or “confrontation” is often simply a way to deal with emotional “fusion.” Emotional disconnect is minimal when people consistently interact with each other on the basis of mutual respect and are able to listen to each other without emotional reactivity that impairs the ability to “listen” to the thoughts and feelings of the other person. Additionally, emotional disruption is minimal when people do not need to engage in triangles to maintain relationships.

The degree of emotional gap can be assessed on a scale from 0 to 5. A person with a level of emotional gap of “5” either physically cannot exist within his family without developing serious health problems, or cannot even imagine that he is able to even once meet or talk with members of his family . A person who has completely cut ties with his family is very vulnerable: he may experience health problems if his “replacement” relationship suddenly breaks down. For example, a complete alcoholic may receive a rating of “5” on the scale of emotional separation from his parental family. His other emotionally significant relationships are also destroyed. A person who is rated “4” on this scale has some contact, at least with individual members of the family system, but he takes part in family affairs extremely rarely, does it formally and is very unpredictable in his actions. He is sufficiently detached from the family's problems that the family does not consider him an active member of the system. In the family, he is considered a random “visitor”, and not a person who can be relied upon and who can take responsibility for solving family problems. A person who scores a “4” on this indicator may even live within a family, but is emotionally isolated either because of problems with alcohol or drugs, or because of physical problems or social isolation. He is, however, not as isolated as the chronic psychotic personality.

At the other end of the continuum is a person whose emotional gap score is an “O.” Such a person takes part in all important affairs and events of his parental family. Regardless of whether he lives close or far from the main family members, he is aware of their affairs and reacts with interest to all emotionally significant events associated with them, and especially with his parents. They are also informed about his life and maintain good relationships with him. Members of the parental family know that they can rely on him, and he knows that he can rely on the family. He will not avoid difficulties or perform not entirely pleasant responsibilities related to family affairs. A person with an emotional gap score of 1 is less consistent in his emotional relationships with his family than a person with an emotional gap score of zero. For example, he may maintain distance in his relationship with his uncle (father's brother) due to conflicts between his father and this brother. This person's emotional contact with different members families are slightly more uneven and emotionally reactive than those of an individual with an "O" score. Indicators "2" and "3" can be used to describe the average values of the emotional gap.