Infectious enterocolitis symptoms and treatment in adults. Enterocolitis

Enterocolitis is a nonspecific inflammatory disease thick and small intestine of various origins, accompanied painful sensations in the abdominal area and dyspeptic symptoms.

As a result, inflammation forms in the wall of the small intestine (enteritis), large intestine (colitis), or both parts (enterocolitis). The stomach and other organs may be involved in the process, resulting in various symptoms.

It is important to know that during the disease the intestines cannot fully perform their function, so the patient may experience other signs of pathology.

Enterocolitis can occur in two main forms

Spicy. Characterized by inflammation surface layers intestines. Most often provoked by aggressive irritants (burn, injury, etc.).
Chronic. This form is justified if more than 6 months have passed since the onset of the disease. In this case, the structure of the mucous membrane completely changes and the inflammatory process moves to the deeper layers. The villi are less pronounced, the activity of enzyme complexes is disrupted, as a result of which parietal digestion and absorption are reduced.

Five reasons that provoke enterocolitis

It should be noted that not everyone develops enterocolitis, since certain conditions must be created:

decrease in general immunity (IgA concentration, number of macrophages and other protective factors);
genetic predisposition (more often in women);
accompanying illnesses Gastrointestinal tract (for example, atrophic gastritis).

Depending on the type of damage, there may be various shapes enterocolitis: catarrhal, ulcerative, ulcerative-necrotic and others.

Symptoms

It is difficult to identify signs that would accurately indicate that the patient has enterocolitis. All symptoms are not specific and reflect only the severity of this pathology.

Main symptoms

Abdominal pain - key symptom gastrointestinal pathologies. The pain intensifies upon palpation, is paroxysmal in nature and is localized in the navel area and along the flanks.
Diarrhea or constipation. In the chronic form, these conditions can replace each other.
General manifestations. We are talking about fever, weakness, muscle pain.
Flatulence. Patients complain of bloating and gases. This is due to disruption of digestive processes.
Scatological changes. Feces may change in color and consistency, and fatty patches, streaks of blood, and mucus may appear. All this may confuse the patient, and he will consult a doctor.

Diagnostics

To make a diagnosis of enterocolitis, signs of the disease and epidemiological data (with whom and when the patient had contact, what food he took, etc.) play an important role. Additional analyzes and instrumental methods are also shown:

complete blood count and liver tests;
bacteriological and scatological examinations of feces;
barium radiography;
if necessary, CT;
sigmoidoscopy.

Effectively treating enterocolitis: eight key steps

A comprehensive approach to the treatment of enterocolitis should include influence on all parts of the pathological process and symptoms. Therapy of acute forms of this disease carried out strictly under the supervision of a doctor in an infectious diseases hospital. Chronic enterocolitis in adults can be treated at home. And pediatricians and pediatric surgeons are fighting the necrotic variant (which is more typical for newborns).

Treatment includes the following:

Diet. With the exception of foods that irritate the intestines, fatty foods, and dairy products. The diet lasts about 1.5 months.
Taking antibiotics or antifungal agents. This is etiotropic (directed at the very cause of the disease) treatment.
Enzymes – eliminate the symptoms of the disease.
Multivitamins. It happens anyway nutrients and vitamins.
Probiotics. Improves intestinal motility. And lactobacilli (normalize microflora).
Sorbents. To improve the removal of toxins from the gastrointestinal tract resulting from indigestion.
Herbal preparations.
Steroid treatment(15-30 mg per day for Prednisolone).

Diet for enterocolitis

In the hospital, patients with enterocolitis are always prescribed diet No. 4. Besides similar nutrition should be followed for at least 1.5 months before it occurs full recovery intestines.

Nutritional features of adult patients with enterocolitis

the basis of the diet is soups made from finely chopped seasonal vegetables, porridge with water (except pearl barley and semolina);
the diet provides for fractional meals, in small portions, 4-5 times a day, overeating is prohibited;
dishes should be steamed (in a double boiler, multicooker) with limited addition of fat;
do not consume foods that increase putrefaction (indole formation) in the intestines;
for diarrhea - frequent and fractional drinks in the form of strong tea, decoctions of dried fruits;
Despite the presence of exception products, patients' diet should consist of foods rich in vitamins.

It is also important to remember about foods that should be excluded from the diet during treatment for both acute and chronic enterocolitis:

the diet excludes dairy products (milk, butter, cheese);
fatty meat and fatty fish (including soups for fatty meat);
any hard-to-digest carbohydrates;
sweets (except honey, it can be eaten 2 weeks after the disappearance of clinical manifestations of the disease);
alcohol and other substances containing alcohol;
hot spices and seasonings.

It is advisable to introduce fruits into the diet of patients who have suffered acute enterocolitis two weeks after stopping antibiotics, gradually, starting with apples and bananas.

Drug treatment

Treatment of acute enterocolitis in adults, as a rule, begins with gastric lavage, laxatives or cleansing enemas. For the first couple of days, such patients are prescribed bed rest, detoxification therapy (infusions of solutions and oral hydration), sorbents.

Treatment for chronic enterocolitis

antibacterial drugs wide range actions (for example, Fthalazol 1-2 g every four to six hours in the first 1-3 days, then half the dose, Furazolidone 0.1-0.15 g four times a day);
lactobacilli and probiotics to eliminate the symptoms of dysbiosis (Linex two capsules three times a day, Bifikol);
sorbents (Enterosgel, Polysorb 1.2 g dissolved in water, taken 3-4 times a day before meals);
disturbances in the water-electrolyte balance are corrected by intravenous administration of saline solution of sodium chloride, calcium gluconate, panangin (20 ml three times a day);
herbal preparations(Australian Ectis from plant extracts).

Depending on what symptoms are observed in the patient, more points may be added to this treatment. Any correction of therapy is made by the attending physician.

Traditional methods of treating enterocolitis

Enterocolitis is a disease that people have encountered for a long time before the advent of pharmacology as such. Then I had to get treatment herbal remedies, and the most effective methods passed down from generation to generation right up to the present day.

Popular means

for constipation in adults, it is recommended to use laxative tea made from cilantro, licorice root and buckthorn bark before bedtime (10 g each of cilantro seeds and licorice root, plus 80 g of buckthorn bark, pour into a glass hot water and boil for 10 minutes, strain before use);
in case of diarrhea, freshly squeezed water will help carrot juice on an empty stomach, 1/3 glass three times a day (it will not only stop diarrhea, but also help replenish vitamin A deficiency);
an infusion of nutmeg 50 ml three times a day before meals (1 g of nut is crushed into powder, poured with a glass of boiling water, left for 60 minutes;
to normalize intestinal function, use a couple of drops 4-6 times a day essential oil myrtle.

Enterocolitis is a disease that requires long-term and complex therapy. To recover, patients must modify their diet, take medications, and also take multivitamins regularly. Some patients with enterocolitis (for example, necrotizing) even require surgical treatment.

Enterocolitis is inflammation of the intestines. This term has two components - enteritis, or inflammation of the small intestine, and colitis, or inflammation of the large intestine. Since the entire intestine is a communicating tube, then, as a rule, there is no isolated colitis or isolated enteritis, since the process that began in one section inevitably spreads to another. On early stages diseases, however, both limited enteritis and limited colitis are possible, but this has no treatment of great importance, since the complex therapeutic measures aimed at the treatment of enterocolitis in general.

Enterocolitis is the most common disease gastrointestinal tract, enterocolitis is especially common in children. There is probably not a single person who has not experienced the symptoms of enterocolitis in acute form. This is what is popularly called "indigestion" or "stale food poisoning."

Causes of enterocolitis

There are many causes of enterocolitis. Often this is an infection that enters the body with poor-quality products or contaminated dishes, hands, or water. Enterocolitis in children is most often bacterial, and occurs due to violations of hygiene rules, both by the child himself (licking dirty fingers, eating unwashed fruits) and his environment (massive outbreaks of enterocolitis in children's institutions due to violations of food preparation rules) .

The cause of enterocolitis can be any factor that disrupts intestinal activity, from mechanical (refined food leading to constipation and stagnation in the intestinal mucosa) to toxic (for example, drug poisoning).

Types of enterocolitis

According to the nature of the course, acute and chronic enterocolitis are distinguished.

Based on location, localized or generalized forms are distinguished:

Enteritis;

Enterocolitis.

Symptoms of enterocolitis in acute form: diarrhea, cutting pain in the stomach, nausea, sometimes vomiting.

Diarrhea can be from 2-3 (enteritis) to 10 times a day or more (colitis). In infectious enterocolitis, symptoms of intoxication accompany the disease: fever (38°C and above), chills, weakness, headache.

Acute enterocolitis in children can be accompanied by a significant deterioration in the general condition, up to loss of consciousness and convulsions, since dehydration quickly occurs in children and intoxication is more pronounced.

Chronic enterocolitis has similar symptoms, but in a less pronounced form and more varied. As with the acute form of the disease, chronic enterocolitis is characterized primarily by bowel dysfunction. Most often this is diarrhea or alternation of diarrhea with constipation, less often constipation. Abdominal pain is also present, but less severe; as a rule, the pain intensifies before defecation.

Symptoms of chronic enterocolitis are always accompanied by signs of dyspepsia: nausea, belching, flatulence, due to deep disturbance digestive function. Also suffers general state, skin acquire an unhealthy pale grayish color, nails become brittle, hair becomes dull, and increased fatigue, weakness, disturbances in concentration, memory and sleep. In this condition, the patient is susceptible to various infectious diseases, as immunity decreases.

Diagnosis of enterocolitis

Diagnosis of enterocolitis usually does not cause difficulties and is carried out mainly to clarify the cause of the disease, as well as to exclude other causes of acute abdomen in the case of acute enterocolitis.

The diagnosis is made based on a study of the symptoms of enterocolitis (history taking), laboratory tests of blood and stool (coprogram), as well as instrumental studies intestines.

The most informative are colonoscopy (an endoscopic method for studying the intestinal mucosa, helps determine colitis) and X-ray examination intestines using a radiopaque contrast agent.

Treatment of enterocolitis

The approach to the treatment of chronic and acute enterocolitis is somewhat different.

Treatment of acute enterocolitis consists primarily of creating rest for the affected intestines and replenishing fluid loss. For this purpose, a fasting break is prescribed for at least a day, during which the patient is offered drinking plenty of fluids clean still water and sweet tea. After a day, when the severity of the symptoms of enterocolitis decreases, liquid rice or oatmeal, then crackers from white bread. Afterwards, new products are gradually added, giving preference to light pureed, heat-treated food. To stop diarrhea, antidiarrheals such as Immodium or Smecta can be used, but only as prescribed by a doctor. In the remission phase, treatment of acute enterocolitis consists of restoring normal intestinal flora, for which probiotics and prebiotics are prescribed.

Treatment of chronic enterocolitis consists of eliminating the cause of the disease. The infectious agent, if one is detected, is eliminated, the diet and regimen are normalized, and a diet is prescribed that corrects nutritional errors. Since chronic enterocolitis is often caused by another, primary disease, take measures to treat it. In the case of treatment of chronic enterocolitis, it is also important to eliminate the dysbiosis that always accompanies it, for which prebiotics and probiotics are prescribed.

Treatment of enterocolitis in children often requires hospitalization, due to the great danger of the disease for the child’s body.

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– inflammatory bowel disease, which can develop after infectious enteropathology, somatic diseases, the action of toxins and other factors. The main symptoms are abdominal pain, changes in stool, weight loss and other signs of impaired nutrient absorption. For diagnostic purposes, endoscopy with biopsy is performed, x-ray examination, bacteriological examination feces Treatment consists of correcting intestinal motility disorders and microflora, prescribing antibacterial drugs and diet therapy. The prognosis is favorable.

Chronic enterocolitis is a polyetiological disease characterized by inflammatory-dystrophic changes in the mucous membrane of the small and large intestines with disruption of its digestive, barrier and transport functions. There are no exact statistics on the prevalence of this pathology, since quite often patients do not seek treatment. specialized assistance. However, it has been established that among all patients hospitalized in gastroenterology departments, inflammatory bowel changes are recorded in 85-90% of cases. The issue of classifying this disease into a separate nosology has not yet been clearly resolved. If after bacteriological, radiological, endoscopic methods diagnosis does not differentiate the specific type of intestinal lesion (for example, ulcerative enterocolitis), a diagnosis of chronic enterocolitis is established. Very often, when examining the intestinal mucosa, there are no macroscopic changes, but a biopsy reveals lymphocytic infiltration. In such cases, the term “lymphocytic enterocolitis” is used.

Causes of chronic enterocolitis

The main reasons for the development of chronic enterocolitis are previous intestinal infections, helminthiases, protozoal infestations, dysbacteriosis, disorders of the physiology of the intestinal mucosa in other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as allergic diseases, the effects of ionizing radiation, various toxins, thermal and mechanical factors, alcohol abuse. With prolonged exposure to certain damaging factors (mainly toxins, including alcohol intoxication) it is possible to develop primary chronic enterocolitis without acute phase. Chronic intestinal inflammation, which develops after acute inflammation, is usually associated with improper untimely treatment or its absence, malnutrition during the period of convalescence.

With this pathology, there is an imbalance between physiology immune system And normal microflora intestines, as a result of which the macro- and microstructure of the mucous membrane, the processes of regeneration and metabolism in it change. Changes in intestinal microbiocenosis, barrier, secretory and motor functions are of primary importance in pathogenesis. The activity of membrane enzymes, transport channels that provide the supply of water, ions, and products of the breakdown of proteins, fats and carbohydrates is disrupted. Dysbacteriosis leads to fermentation and putrefactive processes, which result in the formation of large amounts of acids, gas, as well as endogenous toxins, which also damage the mucous membrane and nerve endings. Hypersecretion of mucus develops. The combination of these processes leads to the maintenance chronic inflammation intestines and the formation of atrophy of its mucous membrane. In this case, the pathogenesis and severity of the disease depend largely not on the cause, but on the degree of damage to the enterocytes.

Symptoms of chronic enterocolitis

Basic clinical manifestations chronic enterocolitis is pain syndrome, bowel dysfunction and extraintestinal symptoms. The pain may have different localization: in the navel area, on the sides of the abdomen, in lower parts; usually occurs several hours after eating, decreases after bowel movements and the passage of gas. When involved in the inflammatory process lymph nodes located along the intestines, the pain becomes constant and intensifies after thermal procedures and physical activity.

Stool disorders can be different: diarrhea, constipation, unstable chair. Mild diarrhea may occur immediately after eating, feces usually watery, mucous. May be a disturbing feeling incomplete emptying intestines, false urges to defecation. Diarrhea occurs after consuming too much fatty foods, large quantity milk and fiber-rich foods. Diarrhea alternates with constipation, and the stool becomes fragmented. Patients are concerned about bloating, rumbling, nausea, belching and loss of appetite.

Extraintestinal manifestations of chronic enterocolitis are caused by impaired absorption of nutrients. Characteristic symptom– weight loss, the severity of which characterizes the degree of malabsorption. In the first degree, patients lose 5-10 kg of body weight and their ability to work decreases. The second degree is characterized by a loss of more than 10 kilograms, trophic disorders, signs of hypovitaminosis, lack of potassium and calcium. In the third degree, against the background of a loss of more than 10 kilograms of body weight, pronounced disturbances in water and electrolyte balance, hypoproteinemic edema and severe disturbances of intestinal motility with a predominance of hypokinesia are observed. There is dry skin and mucous membranes, hair loss, irritability, sleep disturbance, and possible small muscle cramps.

Diagnosis of chronic enterocolitis

A consultation with a gastroenterologist allows one to identify some characteristic signs of this pathology, anamnestic data (relationship with previous intestinal infections or the effect of other etiological factors). When examining the patient, pallor and dryness of the skin and mucous membranes are determined; the tongue is dry, covered with a white coating. When palpating the abdomen, there may be pain in various areas, alternation of spasmodic and atonic areas, and rumbling. Laboratory research do not reveal significant changes, a slight leukocytosis is possible in the blood test, with severe violation absorption is determined by hypoproteinemia.

To assess the degree of change in the intestinal mucosa, consultation with an endoscopist is necessary. During esophagogastroduodenoscopy, the initial section of the small intestine is visualized; during colonoscopy, the final section of the small intestine and the entire colon. Typically, the mucous membrane is not changed upon macroscopic examination; signs of degeneration of the epithelium, villi, hyperemia, edema and bleeding are possible.

An endoscopic biopsy is required histological examination material. A characteristic feature Chronic enterocolitis is a change in the enterocytes of the villi and the superficial layer of the mucous membrane. Visually, the cells do not differ from normal enterocytes subject to involutive changes, but their number is significantly greater than normal; such cells can occupy the entire surface of the villi, and not just their distal sections. Diffuse infiltration of the deep layers of the mucous membrane by lymphocytes is also typical.

If chronic enterocolitis is suspected, a bacteriological examination of stool is performed to determine changes in the microflora. Are revealed opportunistic microorganisms(Klebsiella, Proteus), as well as qualitative (lacto-negative, hemolyzing enteropathogenic strains appear) and quantitative (the content of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli decreases) changes in normal microbiocenosis. The amount of accompanying flora increases: bacteroids, yeast.

The clinical picture of chronic enterocolitis can be very nonspecific, so differential diagnosis with diseases such as ulcerative enterocolitis, Crohn's disease, malignant neoplasms, diverticulosis; in this case, the leading role is given to radiological and endoscopic examination. Also excluded somatic diseases, in which exhaustion is possible as a secondary syndrome: hormonally active tumors, pathology endocrine system, functional lesions of the central nervous system with impaired intestinal motility and other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Treatment of chronic enterocolitis

Treatment of chronic enterocolitis is carried out in several directions: diet therapy, correction of intestinal motility disorders, normalization of microflora and antibacterial therapy. Diet involves exclusion whole milk, raw fruits and vegetables, restriction simple carbohydrates, seasonings and products that cause increased gas formation.

If pathogenic microorganisms are detected, appropriate antibacterial drugs are prescribed: sulfonamides, nitrofurans, antifungals and other agents. Specific bacteriophages are also used: staphylococcal, proteus, pseudomonas, etc. Probiotics are prescribed ( medicines containing bifidobacteria and lactobacilli) and eubiotics. In order to normalize the processes of digestion and absorption, they are used enzyme preparations(pancreatin). Essential phospholipids are used to stabilize enterocyte membranes.

For severe diarrhea, loperamide is prescribed to reduce the secretion of water and electrolytes, as well as slow bowel propulsive ability. During an exacerbation, astringents can be used, enveloping agents, enterosorbents. In case of severe hypoproteinemia, mixtures of amino acids or plasma are transfused. If necessary, correction of water and electrolyte disturbances is carried out (intravenous administration of potassium and calcium preparations).

Prognosis and prevention

The prognosis for chronic enterocolitis is favorable; with proper systematic treatment, it is achieved good effect. That's why anyone clinical case severe course, difficult to treat, should be studied for the presence of more severe pathology.

Primary prevention is to prevent intestinal infections, compliance with personal hygiene rules, isolation of infectious patients, timely adequate treatment of diseases that can cause enterocolitis. In order to prevent relapses, all patients must follow a long-term diet and strictly follow all doctor’s recommendations.

Enterocolitis is a disease that is characterized by the occurrence of inflammatory processes in the wall of the large and small intestines. Patients need to know about possible symptoms pathology in order to consult a doctor in time.

By etiology

Depending on the cause of its occurrence, enterocolitis is classified into:

With the flow

Spicy. An acute illness is characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms and their rapid development. The pathology progresses very rapidly and is often complicated by other diseases.
Chronic. Chronic enterocolitis usually develops after acute. The disease is characterized by a specific course, during which periods of exacerbations and remissions alternate. Exacerbations are usually less pronounced than during an acute process, and they are less likely to lead to complications.

Symptoms

Intestinal manifestations

Extraintestinal manifestations

Specific manifestations of different forms of enterocolitis

Causes and risk factors

Diagnostics

Differential diagnosis of the disease should be carried out with the following diseases:

peptic ulcer of the stomach and intestines;
botulinum toxin poisoning;
acute intestinal obstruction;
arsenic or mushroom poisoning;
acute appendicitis.

It is necessary to differentiate the disease on the basis of the clinical picture of the disease, as well as data from laboratory and instrumental studies.

Treatment

To eliminate enterocolitis, it is necessary to carry out complex therapy: drug treatment And general recommendations aimed at improving the patient's condition.

Diet

If enterocolitis is present, the patient must follow the principles healthy eating. These include the following recommendations:

eat 4-6 times a day;
eat in small portions, avoid overeating;
be sure to have breakfast every day;
do not eat at night, take your last meal at least 4 hours before bedtime;
completely limit consumption alcoholic drinks, do not smoke during treatment.

Drugs

Antibiotics. The main treatment for infectious enterocolitis is antibacterial drugs. These include:

During the inflammatory process in the intestines, the digestion of foods is disrupted, which leads to insufficient intake of metabolites into the body. To normalize digestion, the patient is prescribed enzyme therapy. This group includes lipase, protease, amylase, pancreatin. Before starting to use medications, you should consult your doctor to determine the required dosage.

Fixing drugs. To eliminate diarrhea, drugs are used that normalize the muscle activity of the intestines. The most common drugs are Loperamide and Mebeverine.

They are necessary for recovery intestinal microflora, which usually suffers from an inflammatory process in the intestines.

Folk remedies

For elimination inflammatory process special microenemas are used. They quickly relieve diarrhea and flatulence. Herbal decoctions are taken into enemas:

chamomile;
oak bark;
bird cherry;
St. John's wort;
sea buckthorn.

Traditional methods of treatment should not be used as a substitute drug therapy. Medicines can only relieve the symptoms of the disease, but are not able to influence the cause of the pathology. That's why traditional therapy should be part of a comprehensive, comprehensive treatment.

Possible consequences of pathology and prognosis for life

TO possible complications enterocolitis include:

acute cholecystitis;
angiocholitis;
hepatitis;
anemia;
intestinal perforation;
acute peritonitis.

The disease usually has favorable prognosis. If treatment is started in a timely manner, the symptoms of enterocolitis quickly disappear without severe consequences. At late start therapy, complications may occur. Incomplete treatment completed ahead of schedule, often leads to acute illness becomes chronic and is present in the patient for many years. Therefore, it is so important to start therapy for enterocolitis in a timely manner.

Prevention

- pathology characterized inflammatory lesion both small and large intestines, caused by infectious and non-infectious causes. Due to large area pathological process clinical picture can be very variable and include pain, dyspeptic symptoms (nausea, repeated vomiting, stool disorders, flatulence), signs of intoxication. Diagnosis is based on the results of the coprogram, bacteriological culture stool, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, intestinal radiography. Treatment is carried out in a hospital setting and involves detoxification, administration of antispasmodics and antibiotics, and diet.

Acute non-infectious enterocolitis is not a contagious disease and is caused by hypersensitivity intestines to toxic and other irritating substances. There are several types of acute enterocolitis of non-infectious etiology:

toxic (with alcoholism, constant use of certain medications, working with poisons and heavy metals);
nutritional (against the background of taking too fatty, spicy and spicy food; abuse of foods rich in fiber; food preparation disorders);
mechanical (caused by chronic intestinal obstruction, narrowing of the intestine due to scars and tumors, constipation);
allergic (usually associated with another allergic pathology– bronchial asthma, hay fever);
ischemic (necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns, in adults it occurs against the background of thrombosis of mesenteric vessels and abdominal injuries).

Symptoms of acute enterocolitis

The clinical picture of acute enterocolitis largely depends on its causes. Most common symptoms diseases are intense cramping abdominal pain without clear localization, diarrhea ( loose stool with an admixture of mucus and undigested lumps of food, blood), nausea and repeated vomiting of acid and bile, intoxication phenomena (fever, headache, dizziness, pain in muscles and joints).

The onset of acute enterocolitis is usually sudden and is associated with abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting. Due to intense loss of fluid with vomiting and diarrhea, dehydration develops, internal organs suffer from hypoxia. This leads to severe toxemia; toxins enter the intestines through the bloodstream and further damage the mucous membrane. Due to secondary toxic damage In the small and large intestines, the process is aggravated, and intoxication phenomena are increasing. It is because of this that acute enterocolitis is very dangerous disease– without timely treatment, severe damage to internal organs is observed.

On examination, a patient with acute enterocolitis has a suffering appearance, facial features are sharpened due to dehydration, the skin and mucous membranes are dry. The tongue is coated with a whitish coating. The abdomen is swollen and growls on palpation. The amount of urine may be reduced (oliguria).

Differentiate acute enterocolitis non-infectious nature follows with surgical diseases(“acute belly”), infectious pathology. Acute enterocolitis can be complicated by severe exacerbation, intestinal perforation, generalized infectious process(sepsis).

Diagnosis of acute enterocolitis

A repeated consultation with a gastroenterologist after establishing the cause of acute enterocolitis is necessary to prescribe instrumental studies: plain radiography and ultrasound of organs abdominal cavity make it possible to identify spasmodic areas of the small or large intestine, increased flatulence intestines, filling defects. Radiography of the passage of barium through the small intestine is needed for differential diagnosis with acute surgical pathology.

Consultation with an endoscopist is required for sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy. At acute enterocolitis In the large intestine, ulcerations, accumulations of mucus and pus, and sources of bleeding in areas of necrosis of the intestinal wall are visualized.

Treatment of acute enterocolitis

Patients with acute enterocolitis require hospitalization in the gastroenterology department or infectious diseases hospital. First of all, detoxification and replenishment of fluid deficiency are carried out. For this purpose, intravenous infusion of water-salt solutions is established, gastric lavage and cleansing enemas are performed. On the first day of illness it is required therapeutic fasting, then rice water, mucous porridges, and “second” broths are introduced into the diet.

As symptomatic treatment Enzyme preparations and means to normalize intestinal motility are used. To wash the stomach and intestines, it is recommended to use herbal decoctions (chamomile, calendula, etc.). For severe diarrhea, a decoction of oak bark, bird cherry and St. John's wort in the form of tea will help. Sea buckthorn oil, taken orally, promotes healing of the intestinal mucosa.

The diet for acute enterocolitis depends on the level of damage (mainly the small or large intestine), the nature pathological processes in the intestines, a type of dyspeptic disorders. If the small intestine is damaged, the diet should include more protein, vitamins and microelements. In case of putrefactive processes in the intestines, protein, on the contrary, is excluded, as is fiber, dairy products. If fermentation processes predominate, it is necessary to abandon rye bread, milk, a lot of sweets, cabbage and legumes.

Prognosis and prevention of acute enterocolitis

Prevention of acute enterocolitis consists of following the rules of personal hygiene and food preparation, rational nutrition, timely treatment intestinal infections, a responsible approach to taking various medications. The prognosis for acute enterocolitis is favorable, however, the absence proper treatment or its premature termination can lead to the development of complications, bacterial carriage, chronic forms diseases.