Acute gek code according to ICD 10. Get treatment in Korea, Israel, Germany, USA

Acute gastroenteritis is mostly infectious nature. The microorganisms that cause this disease have a pathological effect on the walls small intestine and stomach, and as a result these organs become inflamed. But it may also be of unspecified etiology. The onset of the disease can be recognized by certain symptoms that correspond to its form, the type of infectious agent that caused the pathology, the etiology and severity of the course. Gastroenteritis medium degree severity is accompanied by the following symptoms:

Acute gastroenteritis always manifests itself as stool upset and nausea, often leading to vomiting;

The stool changes color to greenish or orange with inclusions of mucous or blood;

The consistency of the stool becomes liquid and bad smell, and a large amount of gas accumulates in the intestines;

Localized in the epigastric region strong pain, which can be diffuse, or can concentrate around the navel.

These symptoms of acute gastroenteritis have frequent character and intensify during food intake. With an exacerbation of the pathology, the presence of intoxication in the body is also very pronounced, which can be determined by sharp decline appetite and an increase in temperature to critical and febrile levels, malaise, weakness, lethargy.

At severe course exacerbation of gastroenteritis, dehydration of the body is added to the listed symptoms, which is very dangerous and in the absence of immediate adequate treatment can end fatal. Dehydration is recognized in both adult patients and children when acute form pathologies according to the following characteristics:

Skin turgor decreases;

The tongue and mucous membranes become dry;

Also very dry skin and hair.

All these signs usually accompany an exacerbation of moderate gastroenteritis and its transition to the next, practically incurable form.

Causes and diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis

The culprits for the development of the disease acute gastroenteritis in an adult patient can be either various bacteria and viruses, or food poisoning, alcohol abuse or long-term use antibiotics. Each of these factors can upset the balance of microflora in the intestines and stomach and cause an attack that develops against the background of dietary errors or decreased immunity. Since the main factors that cause the development of this disease are quite diverse, very often the diagnosis is initially made of acute gastroenteritis of unspecified etiology of mild or moderate severity.

But due to the fact that the correct diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis, as well as the choice of treatment method, depends on the pathogen that provoked the onset of the development of the pathology, the most necessary accurate diagnosis, which consists not only of a thorough collection of medical history and biological material for laboratory research, but also the use of instrumental methods (colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy). An ultrasound is also required abdominal cavity. The diagnosis algorithm is something like this:

Required full collection medical history (time and approximate cause of the onset of symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting);

A life history is also collected from adults, which indicates food culture, the presence of chronic diseases and bad habits;

A family history is also required, which will indicate the presence gastrointestinal diseases in close relatives and the frequency of exacerbations.

In addition to clarifying these factors in the patient’s life, the diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis involves initial examination belly skin and tongue, laboratory research stool, blood and vomit, as well as instrumental method For visual inspection inner surface small intestine. Only after such thorough research does a specialist have the opportunity to put more accurate diagnosis and choose the right treatment method, which should be based on the patient’s adherence to a strict diet.

How is acute gastroenteritis transmitted?

When a person develops symptoms of this pathology, the first thought that arises will be: “How is it transmitted, where did I pick it up?” To this patient’s question, any specialist will answer that the disease is very easily transmitted in case of non-compliance with basic hygiene rules from one person to another and in the absence adequate therapy or self-medication ends in dehydration, collapse and death.

Infection when communicating with a patient suffering from this disease occurs both through close contact, kissing, and when using shared utensils. In addition, to the question of how acute gastroenteritis is transmitted, one can answer that it is very easy to catch it by eating foods that have not undergone sufficient heat treatment, or poorly washed vegetables and fruits, as well as through dirty hands. Incubation period This disease can last from 1 to 4 days, after which all the symptoms accompanying this disease will appear.

ICD 10 code for acute gastroenteritis

To make it easier to classify this pathology, which has several varieties and select the appropriate treatment according to international classification diseases (ICD 10) it was assigned code K52. Everything is collected under it possible types gastroenteritis, as well as its exacerbation phases.

Thanks to this reference book, used to monitor morbidity and all other health-related problems, specialists are able to easily identify developing pathology, which helps prevent inaccuracies in the name of the disease when making a diagnosis, as well as doctors from different countries exchange professional experience.

For example, in the case when a gastroenterologist marks the ICD 10 code K-52.1 in the patient’s medical history, this means that he is classified as toxic gastroenteritis. If needed Additional Information for the substance that caused the acute form of this disease, an additional code is used external reasons. Thanks to this classification, doctors all over the world can apply uniform tactics in the treatment of this disease.

The role of diet in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis

To achieve get well soon patients with this disease, all types of therapy should be carried out only against the background of an appropriate diet. Acute gastroenteritis, occurring against the background of inflammatory processes, requires attention to the organization of a balanced diet.

Diet in acute forms of the disease becomes an integral part of therapy and helps speed up the recovery process. At the very first signs of illness, you must completely stop eating any food. This will reduce the load on digestive organs decrease inflammatory process and ease general state patient. In the same case, if there is no adequate treatment for the disease, the prognosis for the patient may well be collapse or death.

Acute gastroenteritis

For infectious infection has its own designation. The A09 clarification is added to the main code. There are also subsections that determine the nature of the disease.

What do ICD 10 codes define?

Since diseases of the digestive system can be chronic, appearing during poor nutrition or infection, it is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis of the patient. This will allow you to choose the right course of treatment and reduce the number of entries in the medical history. In ICD 10 code for gastroenteritis of a non-infectious nature designated as K52. In this case, a clarification is added through a period, for example, “K52.2 - allergic or alimentary gastroenteritis and colitis.”

Symptoms of acute gastroenteritis

Non-infectious enteritis occurs due to various reasons, however, the development of the disease manifests itself in the same way in most cases.

Patients experience:

Causes of gastroenteritis

Despite the prevalence of the disease, it does not occur in all circumstances. Acute gastroenterocolitis according to ICD 10 refers to non-communicable diseases, however, the reasons for its appearance are:

Viruses and bacteria. There are a lot of them. The main ones include: rota viruses, campylobacter, noravirus, salmonella, etc.

Long-term use of antibiotics in the treatment of prostatitis, as well as other organs associated with the digestive and urinary systems. During the use of drugs, the balance of the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract is disrupted.

It is also worth noting the influence external factors, promoting rapid development illness. These include:

consumption of thermally unprocessed foods;

close contact with a carrier of infection;

consumption of expired products.

Also the cause may be the development of gastritis. The intestines directly interact with the stomach, so complications are transmitted to the interacting organs.

Prevention of acute gastroenteritis

To avoid intestinal problems, it is necessary to prevent the possibility of disease occurring.

The main forms of prevention are:

periodic bowel examinations;

cessation of use raw foods nutrition;

observing personal hygiene rules after contact with an infected person;

Thorough washing of fruits and vegetables.

Infectious diseases, pharmacotherapy

Rotavirus gastroenteritis

ICD-10: A08.0

Rotavirus gastroenteritis(syn. rotavirus infection) – acute anthroponosis viral disease with a fecal-oral transmission mechanism, characterized by general intoxication, affecting the mucous membranes of the small intestine and oropharynx with the leading syndrome of gastroenteritis and dehydration of the body.

Brief historical information. According to WHO, rotavirus gastroenteritis causes the death of 1 to 3 million children every year. Rotavirus infection accounts for about 25% of cases of so-called “travelers' diarrhea.” IN tropical countries she is registered all year round, with some increase in incidence during the cool rainy season. In countries with temperate climates, seasonality is quite pronounced, with the highest incidence in the winter months. Rotavirus gastroenteritis is quite widespread in Ukraine: both sporadic diseases and outbreaks are recorded. High focality is characteristic in organized groups, especially children's educational institutions. The disease often manifests itself in group outbreaks during nosocomial infection in maternity hospitals and children's hospitals. medical hospitals different profiles. In maternity hospitals, children who are on artificial feeding suffering from acute and chronic diseases, With various types immunodeficiency. Clinical manifestations of the disease in the form of large outbreaks have been known since the end of the 19th century. The pathogen was first isolated and described by R. Bishop et al. (1973). In many regions of the world, the incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis ranks second after the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections.

Pathogen– RNA genomic virus of the Rotavirus genus of the Reoviridae family. It received its generic name due to the similarity of the virions (under electron microscope) with small wheels having a thick hub, short spokes and a thin rim (Latin rota, wheel). Based on their antigenic properties, rotaviruses are divided into 9 serotypes; lesions in humans are caused by serotypes 1-4 and 8-9, other serotypes (5-7) are isolated in animals (the latter are not pathogenic for humans). Rotaviruses are resistant to external environment. At various sites environment they remain viable from 10-15 days to 1 month. in feces – up to 7 months. IN tap water at 20-40 °C they are stored for more than 2 months; on vegetables and herbs at a temperature of +4° C – 25-30 days.

Epidemiology

Source of infection– a person (sick and virus carrier). The patient poses an epidemic danger during the first week of the disease, then its contagiousness gradually decreases. In some patients, the period of virus isolation can last up to 20-30 days or more. Faces without clinical manifestations diseases can shed the pathogen for up to several months. In foci of infection, asymptomatic carriers of rotaviruses are more often identified among adults, while the main group of patients with acute rotavirus gastroenteritis are children. Asymptomatic carriers of the virus have great importance, especially among children of the first year of life, who most often become infected from their mothers. Adults and older children become infected from sick children attending organized children's groups. The transmission mechanism is fecal-oral, transmission routes are water, food and household. Most important role plays waterway pathogen transmission. Contamination of water in open reservoirs can occur when untreated wastewater is discharged. If water from central water pipelines is contaminated, infection may occur. large quantity of people. From food products Milk and dairy products that become infected during processing, storage or sale are dangerous. Less commonly, viruses are transmitted by airborne droplets. Contact-household transmission is possible in the family and in conditions medical hospitals. Natural susceptibility to infection is high. Children under 3 years of age are most susceptible. Nosocomial infection is most often recorded among newborns who have an unfavorable premorbid background and are bottle-fed. Their gastroenteritis occurs mainly in severe form. The risk group also includes older people and people with concomitant chronic pathology. Post-infectious immunity does not last long.

Pathogenesis

The entry gate for the virus is the mucous membrane of the small intestine, mainly the duodenum and upper section jejunum. When entering the small intestine, viruses penetrate into differentiated adsorbing functionally active cells of the villi of its proximal section, where pathogen reproduction occurs. Reproduction of viruses is accompanied by a pronounced cytopathic effect. Synthesis decreases digestive enzymes, primarily breaking down carbohydrates. As a result, the digestive and absorption functions of the intestine are disrupted, which is clinically manifested by the development of osmotic diarrhea.

Pathomorphology. Rotavirus infection leads to morphological changes intestinal epithelium – shortening of microvilli, crypt hyperplasia and moderate infiltration of the lamina propria. The circulation of rotaviruses is usually limited to the mucous membrane of the small intestine, but in some cases viruses can be found in the lamina propria of the mucous membrane and even regional lymph nodes. Reproduction of viruses in remote areas and their dissemination are observed only in immunodeficiencies.

Clinical picture

The incubation period lasts from 1 to 7 days, more often 2-3 days. The disease begins acutely, with the simultaneous appearance of repeated or multiple vomiting, nausea and diarrhea. Usually, single or repeated vomiting stops within the first day, and with a mild course of the disease it may not occur at all. Diarrhea lasts up to 5-7 days. The stools are liquid, foul-smelling, yellow-green in color. Blood in the stool and tenesmus are not typical.

The patient is worried about severe general weakness, poor appetite, heaviness in epigastric region, Sometimes headache. Moderate cramping or constant pain in a stomach. They can be diffuse or localized (in the epigastric and umbilical areas). The sudden urge to defecate is imperative. In mild cases of the disease, the stool is mushy and fecal in nature, no more than 5-6 times a day. In cases of moderate severity and severe disease, the frequency of bowel movements increases to 10-15 times a day or more, the stool is liquid, profuse, foul-smelling, foamy, yellow-green or cloudy. white. An admixture of mucus and blood in the stool, as well as tenesmus, are uncharacteristic. When examining patients, noticeable weakness is pronounced and noises audible at a distance intestinal peristalsis. The tongue is coated, there may be teeth marks along its edges. The mucous membrane of the oropharynx is hyperemic, granularity and swelling of the uvula are noted. The abdomen is moderately painful in the epigastric, umbilical and right iliac regions. On palpation of the cecum, a rough rumbling is noted. The liver and spleen are not enlarged. Some patients exhibit a tendency to bradycardia and muffled heart sounds. Body temperature remains normal or rises to low-grade levels, but in severe cases of the disease it can be high. At severe forms development of disorders is possible water-salt metabolism with circulatory failure, oliguria and even anuria, increased levels of nitrogenous substances in the blood. Characteristic this disease, distinguishing it from others intestinal infections, – simultaneous development of clinical manifestations from the upper respiratory tract in the form of rhinitis, nasopharyngitis or pharyngitis. In adults, rotavirus gastroenteritis usually occurs subclinically. Manifest forms can be observed in parents of sick children, in people who visited developing countries, and with immunodeficiencies, including in the elderly.

Complications

Complications are rare. It is necessary to take into account the possibility of layering of secondary bacterial infection, which leads to changes in the clinical picture of the disease and requires a different therapeutic approach. Flow features have not been sufficiently studied rotavirus infection in persons with immunodeficiencies (HIV-infected, etc.). May be observed necrotizing enterocolitis and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis.

Diagnostics

Rotaviruses can be isolated from feces, especially in the first days of illness. To preserve feces, prepare a 10% suspension in Hanks' solution. Paired sera are examined in RCA, RLA, RSK, ELISA, immunoprecipitation reactions in gel and immunofluorescence (RIF) in order to detect and determine the increase in antibody titer in the dynamics of the disease. Specific antibodies in the patient’s blood are detected using rotavirus antigens that infect animals (calves). Serological diagnosis is retrospective in nature, since confirmation of the diagnosis is considered to be at least a 4-fold increase in antibody titers in paired sera taken in the first days of the disease and after 2 weeks.

Differential diagnosis

Rotavirus gastroenteritis should be distinguished from other acute intestinal infections of various etiologies(with shigellosis, salmonellosis, escherichiosis, acute intestinal infections caused by opportunistic microorganisms, other viral diarrheas). The greatest difficulties are caused by diarrheal diseases caused by other viruses (coronaviruses, caliciviruses, astroviruses, intestinal adenoviruses, Norwalk virus, etc.), clinical picture which have not yet been sufficiently studied.

There are no specific or etiotropic drugs. IN acute period The disease requires a diet with limited carbohydrates (sugar, fruits, vegetables) and the exclusion of foods that cause fermentation processes (milk, dairy products). Taking into account the peculiarities of the pathogenesis of the disease, it is advisable to prescribe multienzyme drugs - abomin, polyzyme, panzinorma-forte, pancreatin, festal, etc. Lately Mexase has been used successfully. The combination of these drugs with intestopan and nitroxoline is beneficial. Adsorbent and astringents. Correction of water and electrolyte losses and detoxification therapy are carried out according to general principles. In case of dehydration of I or II degree, glucose-electrolyte solution is administered orally. According to WHO recommendations, use the following solution: sodium chloride - 3.5 g, potassium chloride - 1.5 g, sodium bicarbonate - 2.5 g, glucose - 20 g per 1 liter of drinking water. An adult patient is given the solution to drink in small doses (30-100 ml) every 5-10 minutes. You can give Ringer's solution with the addition of 20 g of glucose per 1 liter of solution, as well as a solution 5, 4, 1 (5 g of sodium chloride, 4 g of sodium bicarbonate, 1 g of potassium chloride per 1 liter of water) with the addition of glucose. In addition to solutions, they give other liquids (tea, fruit juice, mineral water). The amount of fluid depends on the degree of dehydration and is controlled by clinical data; when rehydration is achieved, replenishment of body fluid is carried out in accordance with the amount of fluid lost (volume of stool, vomit). At severe degrees dehydration, rehydration is carried out intravenous administration solutions. Since in most cases the dehydration of patients is mild or moderate, it is sufficient to prescribe oral rehydrants (Oralit, Rehydron, etc.).

Prevention

The basis is made up of general hygiene measures aimed at preventing the entry and spread of pathogens in water, food and everyday ways. The complex of sanitary and hygienic measures includes environmental improvement, strict adherence to sanitary standards in the water supply of the population, sewerage, as well as strict adherence to the rules of personal hygiene. A number of countries are developing and successfully using vaccines that have fairly high preventive effectiveness.

Rotavirus infection

Rotavirus infection (rotavirus gastroenteritis) - acute infectious disease, caused by rotaviruses, characterized by symptoms of general intoxication and damage to the gastrointestinal tract with the development of gastroenteritis.

ICD code -10

A08.0. Rotavirus enteritis.

Etiology (causes) of rotavirus infection

The causative agent is a member of the family Reoviridae, genus Rotavirus (rotavirus). The name is based on the morphological similarity of rotaviruses to a wheel (from the Latin “rota” - “wheel”). Under an electron microscope, viral particles look like wheels with a wide hub, short spokes and a clearly defined thin rim. The rotavirus virion with a diameter of 65–75 nm consists of an electron-dense center (core) and two peptide shells: an outer and an inner capsid. The core, 38–40 nm in diameter, contains internal proteins and genetic material represented by double-stranded RNA. The genome of human and animal rotaviruses consists of 11 fragments, which probably determines the antigenic diversity of rotaviruses. Replication of rotaviruses in the human body occurs exclusively in epithelial cells small intestine.

Rotavirus schematically

Rotavirus infection, view through an electron microscope

Four main antigens have been found in rotaviruses; the main one is the group antigen - the protein of the internal capsid. Taking into account all group-specific antigens, rotaviruses are divided into seven groups: A, B, C, D, E, F, G. Most human and animal rotaviruses belong to group A, within which subgroups (I and II) and serotypes are distinguished. Subgroup II includes up to 70–80% of strains isolated from patients. There is evidence of a possible correlation between certain serotypes and the severity of diarrhea.

Rotaviruses are resistant to environmental factors: drinking water, open waters and wastewater they last up to several months, on vegetables - 25–30 days, on cotton, wool - up to 15–45 days. Rotaviruses are not destroyed by repeated freezing, under the influence of disinfectant solutions, ether, chloroform, ultrasound, but they die when boiled, treated with solutions with a pH of more than 10 or less than 2. Optimal conditions existence of viruses: temperature 4 °C and high (>90%) or low (<13%) влажность. Инфекционная активность возрастает при добавлении протеолитических ферментов (например, трипсина, панкреатина).

Epidemiology of rotavirus infection

The main source of infection and reservoir of rotavirus infection- a sick person who excretes a significant amount of viral particles with feces (up to 1010 CFU per 1 g) at the end of the incubation period and in the first days of the disease. After the 4th–5th day of illness, the amount of virus in the feces decreases significantly, but the total duration of rotavirus isolation is 2–3 weeks. Patients with impaired immunological reactivity, chronic concomitant pathology, and lactase deficiency secrete viral particles for a long time.

Source of pathogen infections can also be caused by healthy virus carriers (children from organized groups and hospitals, adults: primarily medical staff of maternity hospitals, somatic and infectious diseases departments), from whose feces rotavirus can be isolated for several months.

The mechanism of transmission of the pathogen is fecal-oral. Transmission routes:

- contact and household (through dirty hands and household items);

- water (when drinking water infected with viruses, including bottled water);

— nutritional (most often when consuming milk and dairy products).

The possibility of airborne transmission of rotavirus infection cannot be ruled out.

Rotavirus infection is highly contagious, as evidenced by the rapid spread of the disease among patients. During outbreaks, up to 70% of the non-immune population becomes ill. During a seroepidemiological study, antibodies to various rotaviruses are detected in the blood of 90% of children of older age groups.

After an infection, in most cases, short-term type-specific immunity is formed. Recurrent diseases are possible, especially in older age groups.

Rotavirus infection is ubiquitous and is detected in all age groups. In the structure of acute intestinal infections, the share of rotavirus gastroenteritis ranges from 9 to 73%, depending on age, region, standard of living and season. Children in the first years of life (mainly from 6 months to 2 years) get sick especially often. Rotaviruses are one of the causes of diarrhea accompanied by severe dehydration in children under 3 years of age; this infection is responsible for up to 30–50% of all cases of diarrhea requiring hospitalization or intensive rehydration. According to WHO, from 1 to 3 million children die from this disease every year in the world. Rotavirus infection accounts for about 25% of cases of so-called traveler's diarrhea. In Russia, the frequency of rotavirus gastroenteritis in the structure of other acute intestinal infections ranges from 7 to 35%, and among children under 3 years of age it exceeds 60%.

Rotaviruses are one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections, especially among premature newborns and young children. In the structure of nosocomial acute intestinal infections, rotaviruses account for from 9 to 49%. Nosocomial infection is facilitated by children's long stay in the hospital. Medical personnel play a significant role in the transmission of rotaviruses: in 20% of employees, even in the absence of intestinal disorders, IgM antibodies to rotavirus are detected in the blood serum, and rotavirus antigen is detected in coprofiltrates.

In areas with temperate climates, rotavirus infection is seasonal, prevailing in the cold winter months, which is associated with better survival of the virus in the environment at low temperatures. In tropical countries, the disease occurs all year round, with a slight increase in incidence during the cool, rainy season.

Prevention of rotavirus infection includes a set of anti-epidemic measures taken against the entire group of acute intestinal infections with the fecal-oral mechanism of infection. This is, first of all, rational nutrition, strict adherence to sanitary standards of water supply and sewerage, and increasing the level of sanitary and hygienic education of the population.

For the specific prevention of rotavirus infection in humans, the use of several vaccines is proposed, currently undergoing the final phases of clinical trials regarding effectiveness and safety. These are the Rotarix vaccine (GlaxoSmithKline), based on the human type of virus, and a vaccine based on human and cow strains of rotavirus, created in the laboratory of Merck & Co.

Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of rotavirus infection is complex. On the one hand, great importance in the development of rotavirus gastroenteritis is attached to the structural (VP3, VP4, VP6, VP7) and non-structural (NSP1, NSP2, NSP3, NSP4, NSP5) proteins of the virus. In particular, NSP4 peptide is an enterotoxin that causes secretory diarrhea, like bacterial toxins; NSP3 influences viral replication, and NSP1 can inhibit the production of interferon regulatory factor 3.

On the other hand, already on the first day of the disease, rotavirus is detected in the epithelium of the mucous membrane of the duodenum and the upper parts of the jejunum, where it multiplies and accumulates. Penetration of rotavirus into a cell is a multi-stage process. To enter the cell, some rotavirus serotypes require specific receptors containing sialic acid. The important role of proteins has been established: α2β1-integrin, βVβ3 integrin and hsc70 in the initial stages of interaction between the virus and the cell, while the entire process is controlled by the viral protein VP4. Having penetrated into the cell, rotaviruses cause the death of mature epithelial cells of the small intestine and their rejection from the villi. The cells that replace the villous epithelium are functionally defective and are not able to adequately absorb carbohydrates and simple sugars.

The occurrence of disaccharidase (mainly lactase) deficiency leads to the accumulation in the intestine of undigested disaccharides with high osmotic activity, which causes impaired reabsorption of water and electrolytes and the development of watery diarrhea, often leading to dehydration. Entering the large intestine, these substances become substrates for fermentation by intestinal microflora with the formation of large amounts of organic acids, carbon dioxide, methane and water. The intracellular metabolism of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and guanosine monophosphate in epithelial cells remains virtually unchanged during this infection.

Thus, at present, two main components are distinguished in the development of diarrhea syndrome: osmotic and secretory.

Clinical picture (symptoms) of rotavirus infection

The incubation period ranges from 14–16 hours to 7 days (on average 1–4 days).

There are typical and atypical rotavirus infections. A typical rotavirus infection, depending on the severity of the leading syndromes, is divided into mild, moderate and severe forms. Atypical forms include erased (clinical manifestations are weak and short-lived) and asymptomatic forms (complete absence of clinical manifestations, but rotavirus and a specific immune response are detected in the laboratory). The diagnosis of virus carriage is established when rotavirus is detected in a healthy person who did not have any changes in specific immunity during the examination.

The disease most often begins acutely, with an increase in body temperature, the appearance of symptoms of intoxication, diarrhea and repeated vomiting, which allowed foreign researchers to characterize rotavirus infection as DFV syndrome (diarrhea, fever, vomiting). These symptoms are observed in 90% of patients; they occur almost simultaneously on the first day of illness, reaching maximum severity within 12–24 hours. In 10% of cases, vomiting and diarrhea appear on the 2–3rd day of illness.

A gradual onset of the disease is also possible, with a slow increase in the severity of the process and the development of dehydration, which often leads to late hospitalization.

Vomiting is not only one of the first, but often the leading sign of rotavirus infection. It usually precedes diarrhea or appears simultaneously with it, can be repeated (up to 2–6 times) or multiple times (up to 10–12 times or more), and lasts for 1–3 days.

The increase in body temperature is moderate: from subfebrile to febrile values. The duration of fever ranges from 2–4 days; fever is often accompanied by symptoms of intoxication (lethargy, weakness, loss of appetite, even anorexia).

Intestinal dysfunction occurs predominantly as gastroenteritis or enteritis, characterized by liquid, watery, foamy yellow stool without pathological impurities. The frequency of bowel movements often corresponds to the severity of the disease. With copious loose stools, dehydration may develop, usually grades I–II. Only in isolated cases is severe dehydration with decompensated metabolic acidosis observed, and acute renal failure and hemodynamic disorders are possible.

From the very beginning of the disease, abdominal pain may be observed. More often they are moderate, constant, localized in the upper half of the abdomen; in some cases - cramping, strong. On palpation of the abdomen, pain is noted in the epigastric and umbilical regions, and rough rumbling in the right iliac region. The liver and spleen are not enlarged. Signs of damage to the digestive organs persist for 3–6 days.

Some patients, mainly young children, develop catarrhal symptoms: coughing, runny nose or nasal congestion, rarely - conjunctivitis, catarrhal otitis media. Upon examination, attention is drawn to hyperemia and granularity of the soft palate, palatine arches, and uvula.

The amount of urine in the acute period of the disease is reduced, some patients experience slight proteinuria, leukocyturia, erythrocyturia, as well as an increase in creatinine and urea in the blood serum. At the beginning of the disease there may be leukocytosis with neutrophilia, during the peak period it is replaced by leukopenia with lymphocytosis; ESR was not changed. A coprocytogram is characterized by the absence of signs of a pronounced inflammatory process; at the same time, starch grains, undigested fiber, and neutral fat are detected.

Most patients with rotavirus infection experience a disturbance in the composition of the fecal microflora, primarily a decrease in the content of bifidobacteria, as well as an increase in the number of opportunistic microbial associations. Look for signs of lactase deficiency, including acidic stool pH values.

Symptoms characteristic of mild forms of rotavirus infection:

- low-grade body temperature;

— moderate intoxication for 1–2 days;

- infrequent vomiting;

- loose stool up to 5-10 times a day.

In moderate forms of the disease the following is noted:

- febrile fever;

- severe intoxication (weakness, lethargy, headache, pale skin);

- repeated vomiting within 1.5–2 days;

- copious watery stools from 10 to 20 times a day;

— dehydration of I–II degree.

Severe forms of rotavirus gastroenteritis are characterized by a rapid onset with an increase in the severity of the condition by the 2nd–4th day of the disease due to significant fluid losses (dehydration of II–III degree), repeated vomiting and numerous watery stools (more than 20 times a day). Hemodynamic disturbances are possible.

Complications of rotavirus infection:

- circulatory disorders;

— acute cardiovascular failure;

- acute extrarenal renal failure;

- secondary disaccharidase deficiency;

- intestinal dysbiosis.

It is necessary to take into account the possibility of secondary bacterial infection, which leads to changes in the clinical picture of the disease and requires correction of the therapeutic approach. Due to the possibility of developing complications with rotavirus gastroenteritis, high-risk groups of patients are identified, which include newborns, young children, elderly people, as well as patients with severe concomitant diseases. The features of the course of rotavirus infection in people with immunodeficiencies (for example, HIV-infected people), who may experience necrotizing enterocolitis and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, have not been sufficiently studied.

Lethal outcomes are more common in young children with severe immunological deficiency and malnutrition, as well as among elderly patients with severe concomitant pathologies (such as atherosclerosis, chronic hepatitis), in some cases with mixed infection.

Diagnosis of rotavirus infection

The main clinical and diagnostic signs of rotavirus infection:

* characteristic epidemiological history - group nature of the disease in the winter season;

* acute onset of the disease;

* increased body temperature and intoxication syndrome;

* vomiting as the leading symptom;

* watery diarrhea;

* moderate abdominal pain;

* flatulence.

For laboratory confirmation of the rotavirus nature of the disease, three groups of methods are used:

* methods based on the detection of rotavirus and its antigens in feces:

– electron and immunoelectron microscopy;

* methods for detecting viral RNA in coprofiltrates:

– molecular probe method - PCR and hybridization;

– RNA electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel or agarose;

* methods for detecting specific antibodies (immunoglobulins of various classes and/or an increase in antibody titer) to rotaviruses in blood serum (ELISA, RSK, RTGA, RNGA).

In practice, the diagnosis of rotavirus infection is most often based on the detection of viral antigen in coprofiltrates using RLA, ELISA on days 1–4 of the disease.

Differential diagnosis

Rotavirus infection is differentiated from cholera, dysentery, escherichiosis, gastrointestinal forms of salmonellosis, and intestinal yersiniosis (Table 18-22).

Indications for consultation with other specialists

An example of a diagnosis formulation

A08.0 Rotavirus infection, gastroenteritis syndrome, moderate form, degree I dehydration.

Treatment of rotavirus infection

Patients with moderate and severe forms of rotavirus infection, as well as patients posing a high epidemiological danger (decreed contingents), are subject to hospitalization.

Complex treatment of rotavirus infection includes therapeutic nutrition, etiotropic, pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy.

Milk and dairy products are excluded from the diet, and carbohydrate intake is limited (vegetables, fruits and juices, legumes). Food should be physiologically complete, mechanically and chemically gentle, with sufficient protein, fat, mineral salts and vitamins. It is necessary to increase the frequency of meals.

One of the promising methods for treating rotavirus infection is the use of drugs with antiviral and interferon activity, in particular, meglumine acridone acetate (cycloferon). Meglumine acridone acetate in tablet form is taken on days 1–2–4–6–8 in the age-appropriate dosage: up to 3 years - 150 mg; 4–7 years - 300 mg; 8–12 years - 450 g; adults - 600 mg once. The use of meglumine acridone acetate leads to more effective elimination of rotavirus and a reduction in the duration of the disease.

In addition, immunoglobulins for enteral administration can be used as therapeutic agents: normal human immunoglobulin (IgG+IgA+IgM) - 1–2 doses 2 times a day. Antibacterial agents are not indicated.

Pathogenetic treatment aimed at combating dehydration and intoxication is carried out by administering polyionic crystalloid solutions, intravenously or orally, taking into account the degree of dehydration and the patient’s body weight.

Oral rehydration is carried out with solutions heated to 37–40 °C: glucosolan, citraglucosolan, rehydron. For infusion therapy, polyionic solutions are used.

An effective method for treating diarrhea of rotavirus etiology is enterosorption: dioctahedral smectite, 1 powder 3 times a day; polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate, 1 tablespoon 3 times a day; hydrolytic lignin, 2 tablets 3-4 times a day.

Considering enzymatic deficiency, it is recommended to use multienzyme agents (such as pancreatin) 1-2 tablets 3 times a day with meals.

In addition, when treating rotavirus infection, it is advisable to include biological products containing bifidobacteria (bifiform 2 capsules 2 times a day).

Table 18-22. Main differential diagnostic signs of acute intestinal infections

Differential diagnostic signs

The microorganisms that cause this disease have a pathological effect on the walls of the small intestine and stomach, and as a result, these organs become inflamed. But it may also be of unspecified etiology. The onset of the disease can be recognized by certain symptoms that correspond to its form, the type of infectious agent that caused the pathology, the etiology and severity of the course. Gastroenteritis of moderate severity is accompanied by the following symptoms:

Acute gastroenteritis always manifests itself as stool upset and nausea, often leading to vomiting;
The stool changes color to greenish or orange with inclusions of mucous or blood;
The consistency of the stool becomes liquid and has an unpleasant odor, and a large amount of gas accumulates in the intestines;
Severe pain is localized in the epigastric area, which can be diffuse or concentrated around the navel.

These symptoms of acute gastroenteritis are frequent and intensify during meals. With an exacerbation of the pathology, the presence of intoxication in the body is also strongly expressed, which can be determined by a sharp decrease in appetite and an increase in temperature to critical and febrile levels, malaise, weakness, and lethargy.

In case of severe exacerbation of gastroenteritis, dehydration of the body is added to the listed symptoms, which is very dangerous and in the absence of immediate adequate treatment can be fatal. Dehydration is recognized in both adult patients and children in the acute form of the pathology by the following signs:

Skin turgor decreases;
The tongue and mucous membranes become dry;
The skin and hair also become very dry.

All these signs usually accompany an exacerbation of moderate gastroenteritis and its transition to the next, practically incurable form.

Causes and diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis

The culprits for the development of acute gastroenteritis in an adult patient can be various bacteria and viruses, as well as food poisoning, alcohol abuse or long-term use of antibiotics. Each of these factors can upset the balance of microflora in the intestines and stomach and cause an attack that develops against the background of dietary errors or decreased immunity. Since the main factors that cause the development of this disease are quite diverse, very often the diagnosis is initially made of acute gastroenteritis of unspecified etiology of mild or moderate severity.

But due to the fact that the correctness of the diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis, as well as the choice of treatment method, depends on the pathogen that provoked the onset of the development of the pathology, the most accurate diagnosis is necessary, which consists not only of a thorough collection of anamnesis and biological material for laboratory research, but also the use of instrumental methods (colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy). An ultrasound of the abdominal cavity is also required. The diagnosis algorithm is something like this:

A complete history of the disease is required (time and approximate cause of the onset of symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting);
A life history is also collected from adults, which indicates food culture, the presence of chronic diseases and bad habits;
A family history is also required, which will indicate the presence of gastrointestinal diseases in close relatives and the frequency of exacerbations.

In addition to clarifying these factors in the patient’s life, the diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis involves an initial examination of the abdomen, skin and tongue, laboratory tests of stool, blood and vomit, as well as an instrumental method for visual examination of the inner surface of the small intestine. Only after such thorough research does a specialist have the opportunity to make a more accurate diagnosis and select the correct treatment method, which should be based on the patient’s adherence to a strict diet.

How is acute gastroenteritis transmitted?

When a person develops symptoms of this pathology, the first thought that arises will be: “How is it transmitted, where did I pick it up?” To this patient’s question, any specialist will answer that the disease is very easily transmitted if basic hygiene rules are not followed from one person to another and in the absence of adequate therapy or self-medication, it ends in dehydration, collapse and death.

Infection when communicating with a patient suffering from this disease occurs both through close contact, kissing, and when using shared utensils. In addition, to the question of how acute gastroenteritis is transmitted, one can answer that it is very easy to catch it by eating foods that have not undergone sufficient heat treatment, or poorly washed vegetables and fruits, as well as through dirty hands. The incubation period for this disease can last from 1 to 4 days, after which all the symptoms accompanying this disease will appear.

ICD 10 code for acute gastroenteritis

To make it easier to classify this pathology, which has several varieties, and select the appropriate treatment in the international classification of diseases (ICD 10), it is assigned the code K52. Under it are collected all possible types of gastroenteritis, as well as the phases of its exacerbation.

Thanks to this reference book, used to monitor morbidity and all other health-related problems, specialists are able to easily identify developing pathologies, which helps to avoid inaccuracies in the name of the disease when making a diagnosis, and also allows doctors from different countries to exchange professional experience.

For example, in the case when a gastroenterologist marks the ICD 10 code K-52.1 in the patient’s medical history, this means that he is classified as toxic gastroenteritis. If additional information is needed on the substance that caused the acute form of this disease, an additional external cause code is used. Thanks to this classification, doctors all over the world can apply uniform tactics in the treatment of this disease.

The role of diet in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis

To achieve a speedy recovery of patients with this disease, all types of therapy should be carried out only in conjunction with an appropriate diet. Acute gastroenteritis, occurring against the background of inflammatory processes, requires attention to the organization of a balanced diet.

Diet in acute forms of the disease becomes an integral part of therapy and helps speed up the recovery process. At the very first signs of illness, you must completely stop eating any food. This will reduce the load on the digestive organs, reduce the inflammatory process and alleviate the patient’s general condition. In the same case, if there is no adequate treatment for the disease, the prognosis for the patient may well be collapse or death.

Acute gastroenteritis is mostly infectious in nature. The microorganisms that cause this disease have a pathological effect on the walls of the small intestine and stomach, and as a result, these organs become inflamed. But it may also be of unspecified etiology. The onset of the disease can be recognized by certain symptoms that correspond to its form, the type of infectious agent that caused the pathology, the etiology and severity of the course. Gastroenteritis of moderate severity is accompanied by the following symptoms:

Acute gastroenteritis always manifests itself as stool upset and nausea, often leading to vomiting;
The stool changes color to greenish or orange with inclusions of mucous or blood;
The consistency of the stool becomes liquid and has an unpleasant odor, and a large amount of gas accumulates in the intestines;
Severe pain is localized in the epigastric area, which can be diffuse or concentrated around the navel.

Skin turgor decreases;
The tongue and mucous membranes become dry;
The skin and hair also become very dry.

All these signs usually accompany an exacerbation of moderate gastroenteritis and its transition to the next, practically incurable form.

Causes and diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis

A complete history of the disease is required (time and approximate cause of the onset of symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting);
A life history is also collected from adults, which indicates food culture, the presence of chronic diseases and bad habits;
A family history is also required, which will indicate the presence of gastrointestinal diseases in close relatives and the frequency of exacerbations.

How is acute gastroenteritis transmitted?

When a person develops symptoms of this pathology, the first thought that arises will be: “How is it transmitted, where did I pick it up?” To this patient’s question, any specialist will answer that the disease is very easily transmitted if basic hygiene rules are not followed from one person to another and in the absence of adequate therapy or self-medication, it ends in dehydration, collapse and death.

Infection when communicating with a patient suffering from this disease occurs both through close contact, kissing, and when using shared utensils. In addition, to the question of how acute gastroenteritis is transmitted, one can answer that it is very easy to catch it by eating foods that have not undergone sufficient heat treatment, or poorly washed vegetables and fruits, as well as through dirty hands. The incubation period for this disease can last from 1 to 4 days, after which all the symptoms accompanying this disease will appear.

ICD 10 code for acute gastroenteritis

The role of diet in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis

Diet in acute forms of the disease becomes an integral part of therapy and helps speed up the recovery process. At the very first signs of illness, you must completely stop eating any food. This will reduce the load on the digestive organs, reduce the inflammatory process and alleviate the patient’s general condition. In the same case, if there is no adequate treatment for the disease, the prognosis for the patient may well be collapse or death.

Hypersensitive food enteritis and colitis

Excludes: colitis of undetermined origin (A09.9)

Eosinophilic gastritis or gastroenteritis

Microscopic colitis (collagenous colitis or lymphocytic colitis)

Excluded:

colitis, diarrhea, enteritis, gastroenteritis:
- infectious (A09.0)
- unspecified origin (A09.9)
functional diarrhea (K59.1)
neonatal diarrhea (non-infectious) (P78.3)
psychogenic diarrhea (F45.3)

In Russia, the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) has been adopted as a single normative document for recording morbidity, reasons for the population's visits to medical institutions of all departments, and causes of death.

ICD-10 was introduced into healthcare practice throughout the Russian Federation in 1999 by order of the Russian Ministry of Health dated May 27, 1997. No. 170

The release of a new revision (ICD-11) is planned by WHO in 2017-2018.

With changes and additions from WHO.

Processing and translation of changes © mkb-10.com

Features of the diet for pancreatitis and gastritis

Pancreatitis and gastritis are common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas malfunctions. The development of this pathology is caused by diseases of the gallbladder, duodenum, poisoning by all kinds of chemicals, including alcohol, increased blood pressure, diabetes, allergic reactions and all kinds of infectious diseases.

Gastritis is a disease in which the gastric mucosa becomes inflamed and its functions are impaired. There are many types of gastritis. This disease can occur in both acute and chronic forms, and is accompanied by the following symptoms:

Diet features

Constant stress, bad habits, unbalanced diet with excessive consumption of spicy, smoked, fried foods irritate the gastric mucosa and lead to disruption of the gastrointestinal tract. And quite often, both diseases - gastritis and pancreatitis - affect a person simultaneously. In addition to drug treatment and the use of traditional methods of treatment, it is important to adhere to diet and nutrition.

A properly selected diet for pancreatitis and gastritis helps normalize the digestion process.

In addition to following your diet, you must follow some rules for eating. These include the following:

It is necessary to drink as much water as possible throughout the day (about 8 glasses a day in small sips).
During the day you need to eat in small portions, but more often. The stomach should not be empty, but there should be enough time to digest food.
You should take fewer foods that increase the load on the gastrointestinal tract and have a negative effect on the pancreas (exclude fatty, fried, smoked foods from the diet).
It is important to stop eating two hours before bedtime.
It is recommended to minimize the consumption of baked goods, cheeses, cucumbers, radishes and mushrooms.
You should not eat too hot or too cold food, but choose the optimal temperature.

It is important to follow the diet prescribed by your doctor. After all, in each specific case it is different. The diet, as well as the treatment, is prescribed depending on the level of acidity in the stomach and the severity of the disease. Gastritis with high acidity has the same dietary requirements, while gastritis with low acidity has different requirements. In the first case, the consumption of rich meat, fish and mushroom broths, as well as semi-finished products, is prohibited. If there is not enough hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice, it is important to consume foods that stimulate the secretion of the digestive organs in the human body. In this case, it is important to give preference to rich broths, pickled and salted foods that increase acid formation.

Chronic pancreatitis requires proper nutrition and a strict diet for several years. The main principle of the diet for pancreatitis is not to overload the pancreas, the normal functioning of which contributes to the full breakdown of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, normalization of metabolic processes in cells and tissues located in the duodenum, and ensuring the proper functioning of the body as a whole. In case of acute pancreatitis, it is not recommended to consume any foods in the first days; it is enough to drink rosehip decoction or mineral water. Then gradually switch to a light diet, giving preference to low-calorie foods.

List of products

Nutrition for gastritis and pancreatitis should be balanced, based on foods that are easily digestible. Together with the attending physician, it is necessary to draw up an approximate menu based on the diagnosis and condition of the patient. It is important throughout the entire course of treatment of the disease and restoration of the body to be guided by the principle of dietary nutrition with the inclusion of all permitted foods in the diet and follow recommendations for food preparation.

Let's consider the main list - a list of products that should be included in the diet while following a diet for pancreatitis and gastritis:

chicken eggs;
rosehip decoction;
liquid porridges and soups;
cereals - buckwheat, rice and oatmeal;
vegetables and fruits;
dairy and fermented milk products, in particular fatty cottage cheese;
yesterday's bread.

Allowed

Depending on the nutritional value of food, the diet is divided into two types:

Basic food containing the required amount of energy. It includes a breakfast of vegetables or cereals, an afternoon snack of hearty but doctor-recommended dishes, and a dinner of foods that are easily digestible.
Low-calorie with the inclusion of low-calorie ingredients in the diet, in particular vegetables, fruits and berries.

Features of consuming products during gastrointestinal tract diseases are as follows:

Bread products must be made from premium flour and must be slightly dried.
Vegetables and fruits should be steamed or baked in the oven. You can gradually introduce fresh tomatoes, but not more than 2-3 times a week. Your doctor will tell you what fruits you can eat for gastritis. Basically, apples, bananas, baked pears or compotes and jelly based on them are allowed. Vegetables must also be included in the diet. If you have pancreatitis, avoid those vegetables that contain large amounts of fiber.
Be sure to include boiled lean fish in your diet. You should also know what kind of fish can be included in your diet - only low-fat types (cod, tuna and others). For gastritis with low acidity, it is permissible to eat herring.
Soups should be prepared with vegetable broth or milk.
Porridge is best cooked from buckwheat, rice or oatmeal. It is allowed to add a little oil - butter or vegetable.
Meat should be taken dietary with a minimum percentage of fat. It is recommended to give preference to chicken, turkey, rabbit, veal or beef, as well as lean duck. You can make steamed cutlets from meat dishes.
Low-fat kefir or cottage cheese are allowed from fermented milk products. But you should avoid fermented milk products if you are diagnosed with gastritis with high acidity.
It is allowed to consume honey, homemade jam or dry biscuits in minimal quantities.
You should drink dried fruit compotes, rosehip decoctions without sugar, weak black or green tea.
Pasta is allowed in small quantities.
As a dessert, you can eat jelly made from non-acidic berries or fruits.
Broths made from lean meat, vegetables and fish are allowed.

If you eat properly in compliance with the diet, the temperature of the food, and the cooking characteristics, then a positive result will be quickly achieved.

Forbidden

fish and meat containing a high percentage of fat (pork, goose and fatty duck);
first courses, namely borscht, solyanka, rassolnik, fatty broths;
cereals from corn, barley, pearl barley, beans, peas and others that cause bloating;
vegetables - cucumbers, radishes, spinach, cabbage, which irritate the gastric mucosa;
all types of hard cheeses;
raw fruits;
fresh or rye bread;
sweets, including chocolate, ice cream, sweet baked goods, especially fresh;
all types of sausage products;
canned food, smoked meats, spices;
carbonated drinks, strong coffee, alcohol;
fresh milk;
mushrooms in various forms;
seeds and nuts.

Basically, all products from the presented list are prohibited from being consumed, but depending on the degree of the disease and the level of acidity in the stomach when preparing a diet, the gastroenterologist may allow them to be used in small quantities when preparing certain dishes.

Menu for the week

A proper diet for pancreatitis and gastritis allows you to normalize the functioning of internal organs. It is important not only to create a menu for every day, but also to strictly follow its rules.

Sample menu for the week:

On the first day: tea and bread and butter are recommended for breakfast, a light vegetable salad for a snack, boiled dietary meat, pasta soup, any vegetable dish for lunch, an afternoon snack - cottage cheese casserole, and a glass of kefir before bed.
On the second day, you can have an omelet for breakfast, a snack - baked fruit, compote, for lunch - rice or buckwheat porridge with fish, for dinner - light steamed meatballs, rosehip decoction, before bed - a glass of yogurt.
On the third day: 1st meal - cheesecakes, snack - kefir with biscuits, lunch - any zucchini or carrot soup, for dinner - fish casserole, before bed you can drink a glass of kefir or yogurt.

In the following days, the diet is approximately the same, you just need to diversify it by introducing cottage cheese for a snack, you can add vegetable stew for lunch or soup with meatballs, baked vegetables.

Gastroenteritis according to ICD 10

The International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD 10), according to which each medical diagnosis is assigned its own code, was created at the initiative of the World Health Organization (WHO).

monitor the incidence of a specific pathology, as well as any other medical problems;
it is easy to differentiate a developing disease;
eliminate inaccuracies in the diagnosis and names of diseases;
exchange experience between doctors from different countries of the world.

Gastroenteritis

According to ICD 10, gastroenteritis has code K52, which includes all types and phases of inflammation of the mucous membrane of the digestive canal.

Gastroenteritis is a fairly common pathology, especially in countries with an undeveloped medical care system and acute social problems. In the past, its acute form claimed millions of lives. Modern approaches to treatment have improved the situation, and currently mortality from gastroenteritis has decreased by almost 3 times.

The disease can be acute or chronic. Most often it is caused by viruses, which is why it is also popularly called “stomach flu”.

Etiology of the disease

According to the ICD, acute gastroenteritis is included in the same category. The infectious agent of the acute form is a virus from the family Reoviridae. It has several varieties. Some infect people, others animals. In 25% of cases, signs of acute poisoning and intestinal upset, characteristic of travelers' illness, are caused precisely by the acute gastroenteritis virus.

Rotaviruses tolerate any unfavorable environmental factors well. They remain viable in excrement for 7 months, on vegetables for up to 30 days, in water heated to a temperature above 20°C for up to 60 days.

Humans are a source of rotavirus infection, especially at the initial stage of infection (the first 7 days). In the future, the likelihood of infection decreases. Viruses can be released by a person several months after the illness, when there are practically no symptoms, but this happens extremely rarely.

Gastroenteritis can be asymptomatic in adults, but this cannot be said about children. In young patients, as a rule, an acute form of the disease is observed. This is due to the immaturity of their immune system. Children under 3 years of age are most susceptible to rotaviruses.

Symptoms of gastroenteritis

Incubation of rotavirus lasts 1-5 days. This period is accompanied by diarrhea, nausea and vomiting.

The mild form is characterized by one-time vomiting, while diarrhea (up to 6 times a day) can bother you for a week. Patients may complain of headaches, heaviness in the abdomen, causeless weakness, pain in the epigastric region, and poor appetite.

Severe gastroenteritis is characterized by foamy stools (up to 12-15 times per bowel movement) with mucus.

Diagnosis of gastroenteritis

During an in-person examination, the doctor already notes the following signs of the disease:

body temperature from 37.1 to 37.3° C;
muffled heart tone;
white-gray coating on the tongue;
swelling of the pharynx;
rumbling in the intestinal area;
weakness.

Severe forms of the stomach flu are characterized by high fever and dehydration. Gastroenteritis is often accompanied by: rhinitis, pharyngitis and other respiratory tract complications.

Treatment of gastroenteritis

Modern gastroenterology does not have tactics capable of conducting etiotropic therapy of acute gastroenteritis in order to exclude the cause of the disease.

For early symptoms, first aid is provided by:

bed rest;
quitting smoking;
an easily digestible diet, but only after the end of the acute phase of the disease;
drinking plenty of water;
fasting for 1-2 days.

When newborns are affected by rotavirus infection, breastfeeding continues.

Among the medications, the doctor may prescribe:

astringent preparations;
adsorbents;
multienzyme compounds, for example, Festal.

With the help of rehydrants, it is possible to avoid dehydration of the body.

Alimentary gastroenteritis

A patient diagnosed with “alimentary gastroenteritis” has ICD 10 code K52.2 in his medical history. It can be provoked by: drinking strong alcoholic drinks, spicy or rough foods, overeating. In such cases, the doctor needs to obtain additional information about the irritating factors that provoked the disease.

With the nutritional form of “stomach flu,” the patient has a fever, pain in the navel, and nausea. Vomit contains undigested food and smells like acetone.

Vivid symptoms require urgent hospitalization, where in a hospital setting the patient receives laxatives and undergoes gastric lavage. The patient is not allowed to eat. To ensure that the digestive system can recover, drinking plenty of fluids is recommended. In case of severe intoxication, glucose may be administered.

From medications, the patient receives drugs containing beneficial enzymes, as well as compounds that normalize intestinal microflora. In the treatment of the disease, a single therapeutic tactic is used, regardless of the country of residence of the patient and the doctor.

Untreated gastroenteritis can lead to complications such as:

dysbacteriosis;
chronic gastroenteritis;
poisoning of the most important organ systems;
bleeding in the digestive canal;
collapse;
toxic or hypovolemic shock.

Preventive measures include:

Compliance with preventive measures cannot always protect a person from stomach flu. Therefore, nausea and vomiting should be a reason for immediate contact with a gastroenterologist.

ICD code: A09

Diarrhea and gastroenteritis of suspected infectious origin

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Acute gastroenteritis

To shorten long descriptions of diseases, special codes are used in medicine. The main code for acute gastroenteritis according to ICD 10 is K52. Moreover, various types of diseases, including colitis, belong to sections K50-K52.

Infectious infection has its own designation. The A09 clarification is added to the main code. There are also subsections that determine the nature of the disease.

What do ICD 10 codes define?

Since diseases of the digestive system can be chronic, appear as a result of poor diet or infection, it is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis of the patient. This will allow you to choose the right course of treatment and reduce the number of entries in the medical history. In ICD 10, the code for non-infectious gastroenteritis is designated as K52. In this case, a clarification is added through a period, for example, “K52.2 - allergic or alimentary gastroenteritis and colitis.”

Symptoms of acute gastroenteritis

Non-infectious enteritis occurs for various reasons, but the development of the disease manifests itself in the same way in most cases.

Patients experience:

nausea;
vomit;
diarrhea;
bloating and gas formation in the intestines;
pain in the upper abdomen;
temperature increase by 1-3 degrees;
impurities of mucus and so on appear in the stool.

Patients also experience decreased appetite, chills, weakness, and other deterioration in activity.

Causes of gastroenteritis

Despite the prevalence of the disease, it does not occur in all circumstances. According to ICD 10, acute gastroenterocolitis is a non-infectious disease, but the causes of its occurrence are:

Viruses and bacteria. There are a lot of them. The main ones include: rota viruses, campylobacter, noravirus, salmonella, etc.
Long-term use of antibiotics in the treatment of prostatitis, as well as other organs associated with the digestive and urinary systems. During the use of drugs, the balance of the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract is disrupted.

It is also worth noting the influence of external factors that contribute to the rapid development of the disease. These include:

consumption of thermally unprocessed foods;
close contact with a carrier of infection;
consumption of expired products.

The development of gastritis may also be a cause. The intestines directly interact with the stomach, so complications are transmitted to the interacting organs.

Prevention of acute gastroenteritis

To avoid intestinal problems, it is necessary to prevent the possibility of disease occurring.

The main forms of prevention are:

periodic bowel examinations;
refusal to eat raw foods;
observing personal hygiene rules after contact with an infected person;
Thorough washing of fruits and vegetables.

Treatment of gastroenteritis is more complex. To properly get rid of the disease, you will need to undergo diagnostics and strictly follow the treatment methods indicated by your doctor. It is not recommended to purchase medications on your own, since they can cause the development of gastroenteritis.

Thank you for the publication, everything is written very correctly!

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Scottped on Acute gastroenteritis

Self-medication can be dangerous to your health. At the first sign of disease, consult a doctor.

Symptoms and treatment of gastroenteritis in children

An inflammatory disease of the stomach and small intestine is gastroenteritis. The most typical manifestation of the disease is diarrhea with or without vomiting. In older children, one of the characteristic signs of the disease is abdominal pain. The disease is especially common in childhood. Usually it is mild, but sometimes it becomes severe and can even be fatal. In this article we will talk in detail about the symptoms of the disease and how to treat gastroenteritis in a small child.

ICD 10 code

Gastroenteritis in children - K52.

Causes

Gastroenteritis in children is an infectious disease that can be caused by bacteria (Salmonella, Shigella), protozoa or yeast-like fungi. However, the most common pathogen is a virus, specifically rotavirus. It accounts for about 60% of all serious illnesses accompanied by diarrhea. After an incubation period of one to three days, it causes a self-limiting illness causing diarrhea and lasting up to six days.

Outbreaks of viral diseases can occur anywhere and at any time if conditions are favorable for this. Often an exacerbation occurs in kindergarten or school, in a hospital, in a tourist camp and sanatorium. Once the disease appears, it is necessary to begin treatment immediately; this indicates that either there was contact with an infected person or the rules of personal hygiene were violated. Outbreaks of gastroenteritis in a group of people united by common resources indicate high activity of the virus that caused the infection. After a disease is diagnosed, its treatment can only be prescribed by a doctor, having first conducted an examination and determined which virus caused the disease.

Sources of infection with gastroenteritis can be both pets and food, especially dairy products that have not undergone sufficient heat treatment, or tap water, which is sometimes drunk raw instead of boiled. And after 1-2 days, if a virus enters the body, a clear picture of gastroenteritis develops, accompanied by characteristic symptoms.

Infants under 6 months of age usually have some natural protection against gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus, but virulent strains that can overcome this natural immunity may be lurking in the maternity ward. Gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus is common throughout the world.

The virus is detected in stool using electron microscopy or immunological procedures such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or latex agglutination. There is currently no vaccine against rotavirus infection.

Symptoms of the disease

The main symptoms of gastroenteritis in children: fever rises, a runny nose and headache may appear, and the next stage is cramping abdominal pain, nausea accompanied by vomiting and diarrhea, or diarrhea, with frequent urge and mucous discharge. These symptoms are characteristic of viral gastroenteritis, and if medical care and treatment of gastroenteritis are not provided in time, the body becomes intoxicated and dehydrated, and this is especially dangerous for young children.

What is unpleasant about gastroenteritis is that it makes it difficult to eat. Immediately after eating, cramping pain attacks appear, and in some cases, during eating. The main symptoms of gastroenteritis in babies:

migraine,
muscle pain,
fainting caused by general weakness and other very unpleasant symptoms,
suffers from insomnia,
sweating,
a feeling of fatigue and exhaustion, all this against the background of dehydration caused by frequent bowel movements and vomiting.

With such symptoms, it immediately becomes clear that the child requires medical attention.

Signs of acute gastroenterocolitis

The acute type of the disease is more common than others. It accounts for about 80% of diseases. Symptoms appear very acutely, body temperature rises to °C, periodic headache, malaise, insomnia, loss of appetite, fever. Along with the intoxication syndrome, pain in the lower abdomen and diarrhea, sometimes accompanied by vomiting, are observed. With gastroenterocolitis, the child's stool is very liquid with a pungent odor, sometimes mixed with mucus and blood. The frequency of diarrhea varies from 3 to 15 times over several days. Such serious symptoms indicating gastroenteritis in children are very rare. Usually the body temperature is subfebrile or normal, the intoxication syndrome is usually mild, stulraza for several days, abdominal pain is minor. Such patients are actively identified in the group of acute gastroenterocolitis. This form can occur in the form of enterocolitis, enteritis. The long-term duration of this form of yersiniosis is from 2 days to 2 weeks.

Treatment

With gastroenteritis in a child, all parts of the gastrointestinal tract are affected. In the small intestine, the epithelium is destroyed under the influence of viruses and its absorption functions are disrupted, thereby depriving the body of many useful substances and carbohydrates. The body can cope with viral gastroenteritis on its own, but in order to avoid complications and harmful consequences, the disease must be treated in a timely manner, without delay.

After conducting an examination, the doctor prescribes a comprehensive course of treatment for gastroenteritis in order to restore the water-salt balance as quickly as possible and remove signs of intoxication. Following the rules of hygiene and proper diet will help speed up recovery.

Formula-fed babies can be considered a risk group; when they develop symptoms of gastroenteritis, such as lethargy, diarrhea, you should immediately exclude fruit juices and the usual milk formula, replacing them with special milk, which can be bought at a pharmacy on the recommendation of a doctor. To prevent vomiting, diet and nutrition for gastroenteritis should be made more fractional, with smaller portions, giving them more often. If your complementary feeding and diet includes carrot soup, then you should add rice water or a little rice flour, about a teaspoon, to the bottle. Pharmacies have special solutions that restore the water-salt balance. After consulting with your doctor, you can use them during the treatment of the disease. Carrot puree soup with mineral water will allow you to cleanse your child’s intestines of toxins without disturbing the digestive processes. Carrot puree in its pure form and in excessive quantities can cause constipation, so you should be careful and strictly follow the instructions of the diet for gastroenteritis. Rice water has proven itself well in treatment. It is used in several variants.

Diet for acute gastroenteritis

You can simply boil the rice for about twenty minutes, then strain and give the resulting liquid to your baby. Or mix rice water with carrot puree, as mentioned above, this mixture is more useful than both of these products separately. Carrots have a cleansing effect on the intestines, and the rice water included in the menu adds calories. Babies tolerate ripe bananas well; it turns out that banana puree (mix peeled banana in a mixer with mineral water) not only gently cleanses the intestines, but also nourishes it and removes toxins very well. Those who have used bananas to prevent diarrhea report positive results from using this exotic fruit.

Nowadays, in the treatment of gastroenteritis, the diet is becoming increasingly popular among young mothers. Hydroelectrolytic solutions for dieting, which are sold in pharmacy chains, have also become popular. They have a unique composition and are able to provide the child with both nutrition and therapeutic effects for a day.

Menu for gastroenteritis

Drinking plenty and frequently helps to quickly flush out toxins and replenish fluid in the body lost due to vomiting and diarrhea.

Then comes the expansion of the diet. The menu includes those products that do not irritate the digestive system and do not cause increased secretion and peristalsis.

These can be slimy cereal infusions (oatmeal, rice), berry infusions from black currants, rose hips and others that have an astringent effect.
Then, the therapeutic diet for gastroenteritis includes foods that have a delicate consistency and are not capable of causing irritation of the mucous membranes. These are pureed cottage cheese, steamed cutlets, meat broths, boiled fish, puddings and the like.

Prevention of gastroenteritis

First of all, it includes compliance with hygiene standards and rules. Many people forget to simply wash their hands, after visiting public places, buying food at the market, it is also worth remembering that they can become a source of infection with the virus.

Now you know the main symptoms and methods of treating gastroenteritis in children. Health to your child!

Hypersensitive food enteritis and colitis

Excludes: colitis of undetermined origin (A09.9)

Eosinophilic gastritis or gastroenteritis

Microscopic colitis (collagenous colitis or lymphocytic colitis)

Excluded:

colitis, diarrhea, enteritis, gastroenteritis:
- infectious (A09.0)
- unspecified origin (A09.9)
functional diarrhea (K59.1)
neonatal diarrhea (non-infectious) (P78.3)
psychogenic diarrhea (F45.3)

ICD-10 was introduced into healthcare practice throughout the Russian Federation in 1999 by order of the Russian Ministry of Health dated May 27, 1997. No. 170

The release of a new revision (ICD-11) is planned by WHO in 2017-2018.

With changes and additions from WHO.

Processing and translation of changes © mkb-10.com

Other gastroenteritis and colitis of infectious and unspecified origin

Excluded:

caused by bacteria, protozoa, viruses and other specified infectious agents (A00-A08)
non-infectious diarrhea (K52.9)
- neonatal (P78.3)

Other and unspecified gastroenteritis and colitis of infectious origin

spicy with blood
acute hemorrhagic
acute watery
dysenteric
epidemic

Infectious or septic:

colitis hemorrhagic NOS

enteritis hemorrhagic NOS

gastroenteritis hemorrhagic NOS

Infectious diarrhea NOS

Gastroenteritis and colitis of unspecified origin

Neonatal diarrhea NOS

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Gastroenteritis according to ICD 10

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Gastroenteritis

According to ICD 10, gastroenteritis has code K52, which includes all types and phases of inflammation of the mucous membrane of the digestive canal.

The disease can be acute or chronic. Most often it is caused by viruses, which is why it is also popularly called “stomach flu”.

Etiology of the disease

Symptoms of gastroenteritis

Incubation of rotavirus lasts 1-5 days. This period is accompanied by diarrhea, nausea and vomiting.

Severe gastroenteritis is characterized by foamy stools (up to 12-15 times per bowel movement) with mucus.

Diagnosis of gastroenteritis

During an in-person examination, the doctor already notes the following signs of the disease:

body temperature from 37.1 to 37.3° C;
muffled heart tone;
white-gray coating on the tongue;
swelling of the pharynx;
rumbling in the intestinal area;
weakness.

Severe forms of the stomach flu are characterized by high fever and dehydration. Gastroenteritis is often accompanied by: rhinitis, pharyngitis and other respiratory tract complications.

Treatment of gastroenteritis

Modern gastroenterology does not have tactics capable of conducting etiotropic therapy of acute gastroenteritis in order to exclude the cause of the disease.

For early symptoms, first aid is provided by:

bed rest;
quitting smoking;
an easily digestible diet, but only after the end of the acute phase of the disease;
drinking plenty of water;
fasting for 1-2 days.

When newborns are affected by rotavirus infection, breastfeeding continues.

Among the medications, the doctor may prescribe:

astringent preparations;
adsorbents;
multienzyme compounds, for example, Festal.

With the help of rehydrants, it is possible to avoid dehydration of the body.

Alimentary gastroenteritis

With the nutritional form of “stomach flu,” the patient has a fever, pain in the navel, and nausea. Vomit contains undigested food and smells like acetone.

Untreated gastroenteritis can lead to complications such as:

dysbacteriosis;
chronic gastroenteritis;
poisoning of the most important organ systems;
bleeding in the digestive canal;
collapse;
toxic or hypovolemic shock.

Preventive measures include:

in maintaining personal hygiene;
in careful heat treatment of food products;
excluding dishes containing large amounts of fiber and animal fats;
in abstaining from alcohol abuse;
avoiding taking medications without the approval of the attending physician;
in excluding unknown types of mushrooms and raw eggs from the diet.

Compliance with preventive measures cannot always protect a person from stomach flu. Therefore, nausea and vomiting should be a reason for immediate contact with a gastroenterologist.

ICD code: A09

Diarrhea and gastroenteritis of suspected infectious origin

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Acute gastroenteritis

Infectious infection has its own designation. The A09 clarification is added to the main code. There are also subsections that determine the nature of the disease.

What do ICD 10 codes define?

Symptoms of acute gastroenteritis

Non-infectious enteritis occurs for various reasons, but the development of the disease manifests itself in the same way in most cases.

Patients experience:

nausea;
vomit;
diarrhea;
bloating and gas formation in the intestines;
pain in the upper abdomen;
temperature increase by 1-3 degrees;
impurities of mucus and so on appear in the stool.

Patients also experience decreased appetite, chills, weakness, and other deterioration in activity.

Causes of gastroenteritis

Despite the prevalence of the disease, it does not occur in all circumstances. According to ICD 10, acute gastroenterocolitis is a non-infectious disease, but the causes of its occurrence are:

Viruses and bacteria. There are a lot of them. The main ones include: rota viruses, campylobacter, noravirus, salmonella, etc.
Long-term use of antibiotics in the treatment of prostatitis, as well as other organs associated with the digestive and urinary systems. During the use of drugs, the balance of the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract is disrupted.

It is also worth noting the influence of external factors that contribute to the rapid development of the disease. These include:

consumption of thermally unprocessed foods;
close contact with a carrier of infection;
consumption of expired products.

The development of gastritis may also be a cause. The intestines directly interact with the stomach, so complications are transmitted to the interacting organs.

Prevention of acute gastroenteritis

To avoid intestinal problems, it is necessary to prevent the possibility of disease occurring.

The main forms of prevention are:

periodic bowel examinations;
refusal to eat raw foods;
observing personal hygiene rules after contact with an infected person;
Thorough washing of fruits and vegetables.

Thank you for the publication, everything is written very correctly!

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Scottped on Acute gastroenteritis

Self-medication can be dangerous to your health. At the first sign of disease, consult a doctor.

Features of the diet for pancreatitis and gastritis

Diet features

A properly selected diet for pancreatitis and gastritis helps normalize the digestion process.

In addition to following your diet, you must follow some rules for eating. These include the following:

It is necessary to drink as much water as possible throughout the day (about 8 glasses a day in small sips).
During the day you need to eat in small portions, but more often. The stomach should not be empty, but there should be enough time to digest food.
You should take fewer foods that increase the load on the gastrointestinal tract and have a negative effect on the pancreas (exclude fatty, fried, smoked foods from the diet).
It is important to stop eating two hours before bedtime.
It is recommended to minimize the consumption of baked goods, cheeses, cucumbers, radishes and mushrooms.
You should not eat too hot or too cold food, but choose the optimal temperature.

List of products

Let's consider the main list - a list of products that should be included in the diet while following a diet for pancreatitis and gastritis:

chicken eggs;
rosehip decoction;
liquid porridges and soups;
cereals - buckwheat, rice and oatmeal;
vegetables and fruits;
dairy and fermented milk products, in particular fatty cottage cheese;
yesterday's bread.

Allowed

Depending on the nutritional value of food, the diet is divided into two types:

Basic food containing the required amount of energy. It includes a breakfast of vegetables or cereals, an afternoon snack of hearty but doctor-recommended dishes, and a dinner of foods that are easily digestible.
Low-calorie with the inclusion of low-calorie ingredients in the diet, in particular vegetables, fruits and berries.

Features of consuming products during gastrointestinal tract diseases are as follows:

Bread products must be made from premium flour and must be slightly dried.
Vegetables and fruits should be steamed or baked in the oven. You can gradually introduce fresh tomatoes, but not more than 2-3 times a week. Your doctor will tell you what fruits you can eat for gastritis. Basically, apples, bananas, baked pears or compotes and jelly based on them are allowed. Vegetables must also be included in the diet. If you have pancreatitis, avoid those vegetables that contain large amounts of fiber.
Be sure to include boiled lean fish in your diet. You should also know what kind of fish can be included in your diet - only low-fat types (cod, tuna and others). For gastritis with low acidity, it is permissible to eat herring.
Soups should be prepared with vegetable broth or milk.
Porridge is best cooked from buckwheat, rice or oatmeal. It is allowed to add a little oil - butter or vegetable.
Meat should be taken dietary with a minimum percentage of fat. It is recommended to give preference to chicken, turkey, rabbit, veal or beef, as well as lean duck. You can make steamed cutlets from meat dishes.
Low-fat kefir or cottage cheese are allowed from fermented milk products. But you should avoid fermented milk products if you are diagnosed with gastritis with high acidity.
It is allowed to consume honey, homemade jam or dry biscuits in minimal quantities.
You should drink dried fruit compotes, rosehip decoctions without sugar, weak black or green tea.
Pasta is allowed in small quantities.
As a dessert, you can eat jelly made from non-acidic berries or fruits.
Broths made from lean meat, vegetables and fish are allowed.

If you eat properly in compliance with the diet, the temperature of the food, and the cooking characteristics, then a positive result will be quickly achieved.

Forbidden

fish and meat containing a high percentage of fat (pork, goose and fatty duck);
first courses, namely borscht, solyanka, rassolnik, fatty broths;
cereals from corn, barley, pearl barley, beans, peas and others that cause bloating;
vegetables - cucumbers, radishes, spinach, cabbage, which irritate the gastric mucosa;
all types of hard cheeses;
raw fruits;
fresh or rye bread;
sweets, including chocolate, ice cream, sweet baked goods, especially fresh;
all types of sausage products;
canned food, smoked meats, spices;
carbonated drinks, strong coffee, alcohol;
fresh milk;
mushrooms in various forms;
seeds and nuts.

Menu for the week

Sample menu for the week:

On the first day: tea and bread and butter are recommended for breakfast, a light vegetable salad for a snack, boiled dietary meat, pasta soup, any vegetable dish for lunch, an afternoon snack - cottage cheese casserole, and a glass of kefir before bed.
On the second day, you can have an omelet for breakfast, a snack - baked fruit, compote, for lunch - rice or buckwheat porridge with fish, for dinner - light steamed meatballs, rosehip decoction, before bed - a glass of yogurt.
On the third day: 1st meal - cheesecakes, snack - kefir with biscuits, lunch - any zucchini or carrot soup, for dinner - fish casserole, before bed you can drink a glass of kefir or yogurt.

Characteristics of the disease of acute gastroenteritis and disease code according to ICD-10

Each form of inflammation according to the international classification of various diseases has its own separate code. So here is the ICD 10 code for acute gastroenteritis - A09. However, some countries consider this disease as non-infectious, in which case acute gastroenteritis ICD 10 is classified under K52.

1 Pathology according to the international classification

Thanks to the international classification of diseases, used to predict many pathological conditions and diseases, doctors can easily identify any disease, which prevents errors in making a diagnosis. For many doctors around the world, this is an excellent chance to exchange existing experience.

Acute gastroenteritis is an infectious disease caused by various bacteria and viruses that have entered the human body. The small intestine and stomach, or rather their walls, experience the pathological effects of these microorganisms, as a result of which the inflammatory process begins. In addition to infectious, the disease can be allergic or physiological in nature. The main manifestation of the disease is a sharp deterioration in the patient’s health and very unpleasant sensations in the stomach.

Acute gastroenteritis dates back to ancient times, when it had a different name - catarrh of the stomach and intestines. When the cause of the disease was an infection, the patient was diagnosed with gastric fever. But already at the end of the 19th century, the disease received its final name - gastroenteritis, which translated from ancient Greek means “stomach and intestines.”

2 Types of disease and causes of their occurrence

It should be noted that acute gastroenteritis has several varieties:

viral gastroenteritis;
alimentary gastroenteritis;
allergic.

As for infectious gastroenteritis, the causes of its occurrence are microorganisms such as typhus, salmonellosis and even influenza.

A person who abuses spicy and rough foods and alcoholic beverages has every chance of contracting alimentary gastroenteritis. The same type of disease occurs in people who often overeat and do not follow the correct diet.

But allergic gastroenteritis is caused, accordingly, by products - allergens. In some cases, certain medications are allergens, in particular antibiotics, leading to dysbacteriosis. Food poisoning from fish or mushrooms can also lead to the development of the disease.

3 Symptoms of the disease

severe nausea;
vomit;
rumbling in the stomach;
diarrhea, in which the stool has a foul odor and is very foamy;
increased flatulence;
a sharp decrease in appetite;
Painful sensations are often manifested, which are of a short-term nature, the main localization of pain is in the navel area or throughout the abdomen.

In addition, all of the above symptoms may be accompanied by additional signs, such as:

cold sweat;
the patient’s constant feeling of weakness and loss of strength;
Occasionally, body temperature may rise.

As a result of diarrhea, the amount of which can vary from 5 to 20 times a day, the patient often experiences dehydration, manifested in the following symptoms:

feeling of dryness on the lips and in the mouth;
dry skin;
rare and very small amounts of urination;
low blood pressure;
slow straightening of folds on the body.

If you do not seek help in time, acute gastroenteritis develops into a very severe stage, characterized by sharply onset severe headaches, attacks of dizziness and even fainting. In the absence of adequate prompt treatment, death is possible.

If such signs occur in children or an adult, you should respond immediately.

4 Diagnostic measures

When initial symptoms appear, it is very important to make an accurate diagnosis, and it depends on a correctly collected anamnesis. The patient needs to tell the doctor in detail about his eating habits and preferences, about his diet. The presence of chronic diseases is also important. It is very important for the doctor to identify the true cause of the infection in order to exclude the possibility of developing other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Since the main route of transmission of the disease is contact, it is necessary to determine whether family members and relatives have similar symptoms.

The patient's oral cavity is also subjected to a thorough examination. During the examination, palpation of the abdomen is also performed. A detailed general analysis of blood, urine and feces is required.

But in order to correctly diagnose the disease and choose an effective, competent method of treating the patient, anamnesis and collected laboratory tests will not be enough. The correctness of the diagnosis fully depends on the instrumental methods used to study the inner surface of the small intestine, such as colonoscopy and ultrasound of the entire abdominal cavity.

Only after thorough diagnostic work with the patient is carried out, the doctor is able to make an accurate diagnosis, and therefore prescribe treatment, thanks to which the patient will soon feel relief.

5 Medical therapy

After the diagnosis of “acute gastroenteritis” is made, the patient is placed in the infectious diseases department for further treatment. Using sodium bicarbonate, gastric lavage is mandatory.

The first symptoms of acute gastroenteritis are a signal to the patient that he needs to stop eating.

You should drink more fluids. And in general, when making such a diagnosis, for a speedy recovery of the patient, it is necessary to strictly follow a diet. Acute gastroenteritis is a disease in which nutrition should be rational. It is safe to say that the main part of therapeutically effective treatment is diet, which will help speed up the path to recovery.

As already mentioned, acute gastroenteritis is a disease, at the first signs of which the patient should refuse to eat any food. Thus, the load on the entire digestive tract is reduced and thereby the inflammatory process that has begun fades and weakens. The patient's condition is improving. The patient will have to fast for a day or two, after which he can switch to very light food, such as porridge cooked in water, crackers and low-fat broths. As the patient’s health improves, the patient can gradually switch to other types of food.

In addition to dietary treatment, therapy includes:

taking antiviral drugs and some antibiotics;
taking fixatives;
the use of probiotics, their main effect is aimed at quickly restoring the intestinal microflora disturbed by bacteria; enzyme agents will also be useful.

If a person is not treated promptly, he becomes a carrier of the infection. Pathogenic microorganisms spread to other people. Ignoring treatment leads to the fact that the infection spreads very quickly through the blood, which leads to quick death.

Compliance with preventive measures is very important in order to avoid developing acute gastroenteritis. One of the basic vital rules is maintaining personal hygiene, that is, every time you come back from going outside, you must thoroughly wash your hands with soap. You should avoid eating poorly fried or cooked foods. It is necessary to wash fruits and vegetables well before eating them.

Causes and treatment of chronic gastritis in adults