What is phosphorus a vitamin for? Available Phosphorus Supplement Forms

Phosphorus is one of the participants in almost all biochemical reactions that occur in the body, so it is extremely necessary for a person. IN human body he plays a very important role - he is responsible for the normalization of the growth of dental and bone tissues, and also maintains their health and integrity throughout a person's life. In this article we will tell you what phosphorus is responsible for in the human body.

Approximately 86% of this trace element is concentrated in the mineral part of human teeth and bones. The remaining 14% is distributed to other organs, as well as to muscles and fluids.

Phosphorus in the body: its pOl and properties

Phosphoric acid is directly involved in the construction of enzymes (phosphatases), due to which the correct chemical reactions in the body become possible. In addition, phosphoric acid ensures normal fat metabolism, participates in the synthesis and breakdown of starch and glycogen. It is also part of the brain tissue, nerve cells and skeleton.

Scientists claim that phosphorus is necessary for the normal process of thinking, as well as for movement, since it is the compounds containing phosphorus that contribute to muscle contraction. Phosphoric acid also participates in the processes of respiration and fermentation, that is, in the processes that are basic for any living being.

Meaningful given element and for the metabolism in the body, in particular, it takes part in the normalization of the metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates, as well as intracellular and intramuscular exchanges.

In addition, phosphorus is also necessary for energy metabolism: various processes in muscles, tissues and cells are carried out with the help of compounds that include this trace element, such as adenosine triphosphoric acid (ATP) and creatine phosphate. The lack of these compounds can result in the cessation of muscle activity, which leads to the cessation of any activity in general: both nervous, and motor, and mental.

Interacting with fatty acids and proteins, the trace element forms, which contributes to the formation of cell membranes and the brain. By the way, various physical and psycho-emotional stresses lead to the fact that lecithin is consumed very quickly and, with insufficient intake of phosphorus, the cells lose their protection.

Phosphorus is also part of the nucleic acids, which are responsible for the storage and transmission of genetic information, for cell division and their growth.

Among other things, phosphorus is found in various liquids organism, including in the blood, which helps to maintain the balance of acids and alkalis. Through some enzymatic reactions, phosphorus is responsible for the formation of vitamins.

Phosphorus has the ability to remove pain resulting from diseases of the joints, this element also helps prevent the occurrence of arthritis.

Daily need for phosphorus

Every day a person needs to consume about 1200 mg of this trace element. By the way, phosphorus deficiency is a rather rare phenomenon, since it is found in many foods. under-receive daily allowance only very strict vegetarians who eat berries and fruits grown on soil poor in phosphorus can.

Phosphorus in products

Phosphorus is found in products of both plant and animal origin. In particular, there is a lot of it in nuts, in various cereals, in legumes, in whole grain products, in spinach, in black bread, in carrots, in pumpkin, in cabbage, in parsley, in mushrooms and berries. In addition, milk, meat, fish, cheese, beef liver, eggs and sturgeon caviar contain phosphorus.

An excellent source of phosphorus, besides natural, is bone meal with the addition of vitamin D.

Phosphorus deficiency

Phosphorus deficiency worsens general well-being, weakness, apathy appears, and periods of intellectual activity are replaced nervous exhaustion. In addition, acute susceptibility and depression appear.

Phosphorus deficiency can be caused by metabolic disorders, the presence of large amounts of calcium, aluminum and magnesium in the body, excessive consumption of carbonated drinks, poisoning, including alcohol and drugs. Various chronic diseases thyroid and kidney also lead to phosphorus deficiency. Newborn children with a deficiency of phosphorus and, as a result, the formation of rickets, are threatened with artificial feeding.

In addition to the above symptoms, a micronutrient deficiency can cause a deterioration in appetite and attention, pain in muscles and bones, frequent occurrence colds and infectious diseases, liver dysfunction, heart pathology, metabolic problems, osteoporosis, hemorrhages, deterioration of the immune system.

Excess phosphorus

An excess of phosphorus causes the formation of kidney stones, the development of leukopenia and anemia. Also, an excess of trace elements leads to damage to organs such as the liver and intestines. In addition, hemorrhages and bleeding occur, phosphates are concentrated in the bones, osteoporosis is formed, due to rapid loss calcium in bone tissue.

An excess of phosphorus can cause poisoning, which leads to a malfunction of the digestive system, heart, kidneys and liver, as well as to the occurrence of hemorrhages, that is, small hemorrhages, for example, on the retina of the eye.

An excess of a microelement leads to excessive consumption of products with high content protein, canned food In addition, an excess of phosphorus is caused by impaired metabolism and prolonged interaction with various organic phosphorus compounds.

How to ensure the proper absorption of phosphorus by the body?

Useful properties of phosphorus decrease with an excess of aluminum, iron and magnesium in the body. If there is more than enough phosphorus in the body, then calcium gradually disappears and magnesium works worse, which threatens with pain in the back, migraines, arrhythmias and other diseases.

Helps to balance the amount of phosphorus proper nutrition. For example, people over 40 are advised to reduce their consumption of meat and canned food and increase their consumption of dairy products and leafy green vegetables - this will take the extra load off the kidneys, which will produce more phosphorus.

In the body, phosphorus interacts well with calcium, twice its amount, and vitamin D. Vitamin B3 is generally not absorbed without this microelement, and this is fraught with impaired functioning of the kidneys and heart, malfunctions in metabolic processes, makes it difficult for cells to breathe and supply them with the necessary energy, and prevents the transmission of nerve impulses.

More phosphorus should be consumed by those who lack protein, take hormonal preparations or abuse sugar. The trace element is best absorbed in the presence of vitamins D, F, A, potassium, iron, calcium and magnesium.

Phosphorus is one of the most important chemical elements for the human body. Its name can be translated from Greek as "carrying light." This chemical element is widely distributed in nature and makes up about 0.9% of the mass of the Earth. Under natural conditions in pure form it does not occur, as it has a high chemical activity and due to this it quickly forms chemical compounds with other elements. But at the same time, its compounds play an extremely important role in all biochemical reactions in the organisms of living beings. Let's take a closer look at what this element is and why it is so important to us.

The history of the isolation of pure phosphorus is interesting, this is the first chemical element, the appearance of which was documented and has come down to our time. The alchemist Hennig Brant managed to isolate phosphorus in its pure form in 1669. At this time, Brant was trying to get a mythical philosopher's stone, which was supposed to turn any metals into gold. For his experiments, he chose urine, which, according to his hypothesis, having a golden color, should have contained, if not the philosopher's stone itself, then at least become one of the steps to obtaining it. As a result of settling and evaporating urine, Brant found that there were yellowish crystals in the sediment, which themselves glowed in the dark. And although the phosphorus he received could not turn lead into gold, he helped Brant make a lot of money selling an amazing glow-in-the-dark substance.

And only at the end of the 19th century it became clear to chemists that phosphorus is not only a funny luminous crystal, but very important for normal operation human body chemical element.

The need for phosphorus

An adult per day requires 1000 to 2000 mg phosphorus.

For a child under one year old, this dose is 300-500 mg, for children 1-3 years old need about 800 mg, for children 3-7 years old is required 1000-1400 mg, from 7 to 10 years the dose is 1400-1800 mg, from 11 to 18 years old 1800-2500 mg.

In pregnant and lactating mothers, the need for phosphorus is equal to 3000-3800 mg. Moreover, these doses are indicated per person with average physical activity. With increasing load required dose phosphorus increases.

Functions in the body

Let's now figure out why our body needs phosphorus. First, it is part of bone tissue and teeth, this function takes about 70% phosphorus contained in our body. Together with calcium, they form mineral structure bone, which provides its mechanical strength. The bones of a person with an overdose of calcium can be compared to glass, which in itself is hard, but breaks from any blow.

Secondly, phosphorus is very important constituent element key to the life of the human body. And although its effect on bone tissue is the easiest to notice, but this is not at all main function phosphorus. Its main use in our body is to use it as an energy carrier. To understand how this happens and why it is needed at all, let's take a brief look at how the energy transfer system in our body is generally arranged. That is, we will now figure out how the dinner you eat turns into the movement of your muscles and the work of the brain.

You all know that we get energy for our body by digesting organic compounds. In the food we eat, under the influence digestive enzymes all complex organic molecules break down into simpler ones, and then they are absorbed in our intestines. After that, our body builds new cells from these molecules, creates the proteins it needs, and uses them as an energy source. However, with the issue of energy, everything is not as simple as it seems at first glance. And if in modern society people transmit energy using electricity and then turn it into heat, light or mechanical work, then there are no wires in the human body. How does our body deliver energy from its reserves to the muscles, nerves and other tissues where it is needed?

If we consider a simplified scheme of what is happening, then the following biochemical transformations occur in our body. In the cells in which the energy reserve is stored, the synthesis of a special energy carrier, adenosine triphosphate, or ATP for short, is launched. As you can see from the name, this molecule contains phosphorus. We won't bore you complex descriptions biochemical transformations, with the help of which this molecule can store energy, let's just say that it is in phosphorus molecules that energy is stored, which will then be transferred to other cells. After the energy is stored, ATP molecules go into the blood and from there are absorbed into the cells in which they are needed. As you can see, phosphorus in our body is not only a frame element, but also a very important energy carrier. It is thanks to him that we can think, move and live in general, without it our cells will simply die of hunger. If we draw an analogy, then this state can be compared with the situation when you have goods in the warehouse and you need them in the store, but there is no car to deliver them.

In addition to energy and skeletal functions, phosphorus is a critically important component of many biological compounds in our body. It is a component of many amino acids and DNA, and although this function does not require much of it, it is also extremely important for the normal functioning of our body.

Dry yeast contains the most phosphorus, it is 1290 mg per 100 g. Then, in second place are dairy products. For example, cheese contains 600 mg of phosphorus per 100 g. In third place in terms of phosphorus content are seafood. Flounder, for example, contains 400 mg of phosphorus per 100 g and tuna 280 mg per 100 g. Cheese and seafood are good because, in addition to phosphorus, they also contain calcium, which makes it possible to ensure, when they are consumed, the ratio of these two elements that is optimal for our body.

It should be understood that a person can receive with food up to 5 g phosphorus without any harm to health, provided that there is no more calcium than phosphorus. It is a violation of the ratio of phosphorus and calcium that is dangerous for our body, and an excess of phosphorus in itself with a sufficient amount of calcium does not cause harm.

At the same time, if you want to increase the level of phosphorus, it should be understood that far from 100% of the phosphorus available there is absorbed from food. Phosphorus is best absorbed from dairy products. Children absorb up to 90% of phosphorus from milk. In second place are seafood and meat, from which 60-70% of the phosphorus contained in them is absorbed. From plant food we get no more than 20% of the phosphorus contained in it, we simply do not have the necessary digestive enzymes to take phosphorus from the compounds in which it is enclosed.

Interaction with other substances

When taking phosphorus preparations, it should be remembered that an increase in its amount in the food eaten significantly complicates the absorption of magnesium, which is also a vital chemical element. If there is more calcium than phosphorus in the daily diet, then the bioavailability of phosphorus will decrease. The absorption of phosphorus improves if it is consumed together with vitamins A, D, F.

Periodically, on the pages of our site we talk about the role of vitamins and minerals for the human body. So, in particular, you can read about what a lack of calcium in the body can lead to and learn how to replenish calcium stores. Today we invite you to find out why you and I need ... phosphorus, how to properly use foods that contain phosphorus, and what can happen to us, with a lack and an excess of this substance in our body. We invite you to find out the answers to these questions right now ...

The role of phosphorus in the human body

All those vitamins and minerals that our body receives daily from our diet are unique and have a certain impact on our health. Since today we are talking about phosphorus, we will consider what effect it has on our body and what role it plays. So, phosphorus is essential for growth processes(find out here) and maintaining healthy bones and teeth, it is also necessary in order to regulate the processes of muscle and mental activity . But, and that's not all. In almost all chemical reactions, it is necessary as an element in maintaining the normal process of metabolism, cell growth, muscle function, the work of the heart and kidneys ...

When our body does not receive required amount phosphorus, or its excess is observed, a certain failure occurs in it, which has quite real consequences for you and me.

Also, one cannot fail to recall that phosphorus is necessary in order to maintain the normal activity of the nervous system, to participate in the biochemical processes occurring in human brain, it is also found in nerve cells and tissues, in the blood and in other body fluids. At the same time, being their integral part It helps to maintain the acid-base balance in human body. Phosphorus is indispensable in the formation of active forms of vitamins and in the synthesis of enzymes ...

The consequences of a lack of phosphorus in the human body

Fortunately, given the fact that phosphorus is included in many products from our daily menu, we rarely encounter the phenomenon of its deficiency. Unless, your diet is extremely unbalanced, or you eat a lot of foods that contain calcium, but few protein foods and few foods that contain vitamin D. Also, failures in metabolic processes can become the causes of a lack of phosphorus in the body , hormonal disorders, use a large number sweet drinks (, lemonade, coca-cola), poisoning the body with drugs or alcohol, chronic diseases ...

Symptoms of lack of phosphorus in the body

If your body lacks phosphorus, you will definitely feel weakness, general malaise, bursts of mental activity will be replaced by nervous exhaustion and apathy - all this is very similar to the symptoms of the syndrome chronic fatigue or . Your ability to concentrate will decrease, you will become less attentive, you will have no appetite, there will be pain in the muscles and bones, metabolic processes, there will be problems with the liver, you will often start to get sick with colds and infectious diseases.

It is noteworthy that prolonged deficiency and lack of phosphorus can contribute to the development of rickets and in the body.

Consequences of an excess of phosphorus in the human body

If, on the contrary, there is an excess of phosphorus in your body, then this negatively affects the absorption of calcium, which affects the formation of the active form of vitamin D, which, as we remember, is very necessary for us. In such a situation, calcium begins to be removed from our bones and deposited as salts in our kidneys, and this is fraught with further education stones (more on that). Hence there are problems with the liver, with the intestines, with the vessels, and leukopenia may develop.

How much phosphorus does a person need

Well, we all know what happens with an excess of phosphorus and with its deficiency. But, how do you know the rate of phosphorus? Fortunately, scientists and specialists have long known the answer to this question. They are sure that the daily norm of this substance for the body of an adult is 1500-1700 milligrams. If we translate this into food equivalent, then this is 6 tablespoons of raw pumpkin seeds(read about their benefits), or 130 grams of good hard cheese.

If we are talking about the daily norm of phosphorus for a child, then it all depends on his age, but on average it is 1300-2500 milligrams of phosphorus. And, here, pregnant women should double this figure, and make sure that their body receives from 3000 to 3400 milligrams of phosphorus per day during pregnancy.…

It is noteworthy that to achieve the maximum positive impact phosphorus on your body you can if you use it in a "company" with calcium, and in vitamin D, in a ratio of 1 to 2. You can use such a balance of nutrients in natural form find in fatty cottage cheese (o) or in hazelnuts ...

Phosphorus is not only one of the most common elements of the earth's crust (its content is 0.08-0.09% of its mass, and the concentration in sea water is 0.07 mg / l), but phosphorus is also present in every cell of the body, and, Together with calcium, phosphorus is the most abundant mineral in the body.
- a macronutrient, which makes up 1% of the total body weight of a person, it is required by every cell of the body for normal functioning. Phosphorus is present in living cells in the form of ortho- and pyrophosphoric acids; it is part of nucleotides, nucleic acids, phosphoproteins, phospholipids, coenzymes, and enzymes. Phosphorus, in the form of phosphate compounds, is present in cells and tissues throughout the body, but most of it (about 85%) is concentrated in bones and teeth (in the form of calcium phosphate salt).
The main role in the transformation of phosphorus compounds in humans and animals is played by the liver. The exchange of phosphorus compounds is regulated by hormones and.

Functions of phosphorus in the body

● The main function of phosphorus in the body is the formation of bones and teeth. Human bones consist of hydroxylapatite 3Са3(PO4)3 Ca(OH)2. The composition of tooth enamel includes fluorapatite.
● Phosphorus in the form of phospholipids (such as phosphatidylcholine) is the main structural component cell membranes. Phosphorus is essential for the growth and regeneration of all tissues and cells of the body. Phosphorus also helps reduce muscle soreness after a hard workout.
● Phosphorus, in the form of phosphorylated compounds such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate, plays a critical role in energy and matter metabolism in organisms. These phosphorylated compounds are primarily known as the universal source of energy for all biochemical processes occurring in living systems.
● Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), responsible for the storage and transmission of genetic information, have long chains phosphate-containing molecules.
● Phosphorus is also essential for the body's balanced use of vitamins and minerals, including vitamin D, iodine, and magnesium.
● Phosphorus contributes to maintaining a normal acid-base balance (pH)
● Phosphorus-containing molecules 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) binds to erythrocyte hemoglobin and facilitates the delivery of oxygen to body tissues.
● Phosphorus helps the kidneys to filter out waste.
● Phosphorus plays an important role in the functioning of the cardiovascular and nervous systems.

The body's need for phosphorus

The daily human need for phosphorus is 800-1500 mg. With a lack of phosphorus in the body develop various diseases bones.
According to the recommendations (RDA) of the Institute of Medicine National Academy US sciences
dietary intake of phosphorus age categories:

0 to 6 months: 100 mg daily
7 to 12 months: 275 mg daily
1 to 3 years: 460 mg daily
4 to 8 years: 500 mg daily
9 to 18 years: 1250 mg per day
Adults: 700 mg per day
Pregnant and lactating women:
Under 18: 1250 mg per day
Over 18: 700 mg per day
Upper allowable level Phosphorus intake is 3-4 g per day.

Phosphorus deficiency. hypophosphatemia

Because phosphorus is so abundant in foods, nutritional phosphorus deficiency or phosphorus deficiency (hypophosphatemia) usually occurs only in cases of near starvation. However, certain diseases such as diabetes, Crohn's disease, and celiac disease can lead to a drop in phosphorus levels in the body. In addition, some can lower the level of phosphorus. medicines(antacids and diuretics ()).

Phosphorus Deficiency Symptoms
● Appetite loss, weakness, fatigue, weight change
● restlessness, irritability, irregular breathing
● bone and joint pain, bone fragility, numbness, tingling in the limbs
● rickets (in children), osteomalacia (in adults)
● increased susceptibility to infections,

Interactions that reduce the level of phosphorus in the body

● Alcohol promotes the leaching of phosphorus from bones, thereby causing a decrease in phosphorus levels.
● Antacids - medications for the treatment of acid-related diseases gastrointestinal tract through neutralization of hydrochloric acid, which is part of gastric juice. Antacids containing aluminum, calcium, or magnesium (such as Almagel, Maalox, Mylanta, Riopan, and Alternagel) can bind phosphate in the intestines, preventing the body from absorbing phosphorus. Prolonged use of these drugs may lead to low levels phosphorus (hypophosphatemia).
● Some anticonvulsants(including phenobarbital, carbamazepine, Tegretol) can lower phosphorus levels and increase alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme that helps remove phosphate from the body.
● drugs (cholestyramine (questran), colestipol (colestide)), may reduce oral absorption of phosphate from food or supplements. Therefore, phosphate supplements should be taken at least 1 hour before or 4 hours after taking these drugs.
● Corticosteroids, including prednisolone or methylprednisolone (Medrol), increase urinary phosphorus levels.
● High doses insulin can lower phosphorus levels in people with diabetic ketoacidosis(a condition caused by severe insulin deficiency).
● Usage food additives phosphorus, together with potassium-sparing diuretics (spironolactone (Aldactone), triamterene (Dyrenium)) can lead to hyperkalemia (an excess of potassium in the blood) and as a result to heart rhythm disturbance (arrhythmias).
● ACE inhibitors - drugs for the treatment of high blood pressure can lead to a decrease in phosphorus levels. They include: Benazepril (Lotensin), Captopril (Capoten), Enalapril (Vasotec), Fosinopril (Monopril), Lisinopril (Zestril, Prinivil), Quinapril (Accupril), Ramipril (Altace).
● Other drugs may lower phosphorus levels. Cyclosporine (used to suppress immune system), cardiac glycosides (digoxin), heparins (blood thinners), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as ibuprofen or Advil). Salt substitutes also contain high levels of potassium and long-term use can cause a decrease in phosphorus levels.

High levels of phosphorus in the body

Having too much phosphorus in the body is actually more alarm symptom than its deficiency.
High levels of phosphorus in the blood occur only in people with severe kidney disease or severe dysfunction of calcium regulation, and may be associated with calcification (calcification, deposition of calcium salts in soft tissues).
A high level of phosphorus in the body is possible with overconsumption phosphorus and low calcium intake.
Some studies show that more high consumption phosphorus is associated with an increased risk cardiovascular disease. As the amount of phosphorus you eat rises, so does the need for calcium. A balance between calcium and phosphorus is essential for proper bone density and the prevention of osteoporosis.

Food sources of phosphorus

Phosphorus is found in animal foods because it essential component animal proteins. Dairy products, meat, poultry, fish, eggs are especially rich in phosphorus.
Phosphorus in all plant seeds (beans, peas, cereals, cereals and nuts) is present in the form phytic acid or phytates. Phytic acid reduces the bioavailability of total phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, zinc and many other minerals. Only about 50% of phosphorus from phytates is available to humans because the body lacks an enzyme (phytase) that is able to release phosphorus from phytate.
Cereals, like legumes, contain phytic acid in the whole grain, but most of all in its shells. This acid combines with certain minerals present in the gut to form insoluble phytates. This prevents the absorption of minerals in our body (they talk about demineralization). Fortunately, under phytase(an enzyme that is activated in bread sourdough) phytic acid is destroyed. The higher the percentage of flour purification, the greater the content of phytic acid. How more dough is fermented, the more time the sourdough phytase has to release minerals from its association with phytic acid. In addition, the process of dough fermentation is, as it were, a digestion process that begins outside the stomach. Sourdough bread is easier to digest than yeast bread, which undergoes alcoholic fermentation during the rise of the dough.
Phosphorus is also a component of many polyphosphate dietary supplements and is present in most soft drinks like phosphoric acid.
Fruits and vegetables contain only small amounts of phosphorus.

Phosphorus content in food:
Milk, skimmed, 240 ml glass - 247 mg
Yogurt, plain fat-free, 240 ml glass - 385 mg
Mozzarella cheese, 100 g - 400 mg
Boiled egg, 1 piece - 104 mg
Beef cooked, 100g - 173 mg
Chicken cooked, 100g - 155 mg
Turkey cooked, 100g - 173 mg
Fish, halibut, cooked, 100g - 242 mg
Fish, salmon cooked, 100g - 252 mg
Bread, whole wheat, 1 slice - 57 mg
Bread, enriched white, 1 slice - 25 mg
Cola carbonated drinks, 350 ml - 40 mg
Almonds, 23 nuts (30 g) - 134 mg
Peanuts, 30 g - 107 mg
Lentils, 1/2 cup, cooked 178 mg

Phosphorus and Diet

Balance of calcium and phosphorus
Nutritionists recommend a balance of calcium and phosphorus in the diet. For example, a typical western diet, contains approximately 2 to 4 times more phosphorus than calcium. Meat and poultry contain 10 to 20 times more phosphorus than calcium, and carbonated drinks such as colas contain 500 mg of phosphorus per serving. When the body has more phosphorus than calcium, calcium is washed out of the bones. This can lead to osteoporosis (brittle bones) and to tooth decay and gum disease.

Calcium and Vitamin D
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D are responsible for regulating the balance of calcium and phosphorus. Slight decline the level of calcium in the blood (for example, in case of insufficient calcium intake) leads to increased secretion of PTH. PTH stimulates the conversion of vitamin D to its active form (calcitriol) in the kidneys. An increase in calcitriol levels, in turn, leads to an increase in intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus. Parathyroid hormone and vitamin D stimulate the resorption (destruction) of bone tissue, resulting in the release of bone tissue (calcium and phosphate) into the blood, increased excretion of phosphorus in the urine. As a result increased excretion phosphorus in the urine, the level of calcium in the blood rises to normal.

A diet high in fructose
A study in 11 adult males found that a diet high in fructose (20% of total calories) resulted in an increase in urinary phosphorus and a negative body phosphorus balance (daily loss of phosphorus exceeded the daily intake in the diet). This effect was more pronounced when the diet was also low in magnesium.

Available Phosphorus Supplement Forms

Elemental phosphorus (phosphorus) is a white or yellow waxy substance that oxidizes to a pale green glow (chemiluminescence) when exposed to air. Phosphorus is highly toxic (causes damage to bones, bone marrow, jaw necrosis). Lethal dose white phosphorus for an adult male is 0.05-0.1 g. In medicine, elemental phosphorus is used only in.
As food additives of phosphorus, inorganic phosphates are used, which are not toxic when usual doses:
● Monopotassium phosphate or monobasic potassium phosphate KH 2 PO 4
● Dibasic potassium phosphate K 2 HPO 4
● Monobasic sodium phosphate NaH 2 PO 4
● Dibasic sodium phosphate Na 2 HPO 4
● Sodium orthophosphate or tribasic sodium phosphate Na 3 PO 4
● Phosphatidylcholine
● Phosphatidylserine

Most people do not need to take phosphorus supplements, a healthy body gets the required amount from food.
Sometimes athletes use phosphate supplements before competition or hard training to reduce fatigue and muscle pain.
Phosphates are also used as laxative enemas.

Precautionary measures
Due to possible side effects and drug interactions, you should only take nutritional supplements under the supervision of a knowledgeable physician.
Too much phosphate can cause diarrhea, contribute to the deposition of calcium salts in any soft tissues or organs (calcification), affect the body's ability to use, calcium, and magnesium.

Sea fish must be included in the diet, because it has a lot of phosphorus - say nutritionists and doctors. But why do we need it and how does the lack of phosphorus in the body affect the state of human health?

Phosphorus and its importance for the body

Phosphorus is one of the most abundant chemical elements on Earth Earth's crust 0.08-0.09% consists of this substance. In the human body, phosphorus is also approximately 1% of body weight and it is part of almost all cells.

Up to 85% of phosphorus is found in hard tissues bones and teeth, and another 15% are involved in the transmission of nerve impulses, the synthesis of hormones and enzymes, and in metabolic processes, that is, in all the most important chemical reactions of the human body.

Phosphorus functions:

• growth and maintenance of strong bones and teeth essential function phosphorus. Phosphorus, along with calcium, ensures normal growth and development of bone tissue in children and adolescents, and in adults protects bones and teeth from destruction;
• synthesis of nerve cells, hormones and enzymes - phosphorus is involved in the synthesis of DNA, RNA, neurons, hormones and enzymes, substances that ensure the transfer of hereditary information in cells, the transmission of nerve impulses and many other reactions, for example, the synthesis of vitamins;
• participates in metabolism - without phosphorus, the metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates, as well as intracellular metabolism, is impossible;
• maintaining acid-base balance- phosphorus is part of the blood, lymph and other liquid tissues of the body;
• participation in energy metabolism - phosphorus is part of ATP and other compounds, the breakdown of which produces energy, due to which muscles contract and metabolic processes occur in the blood and cells;
• ensuring the work of the cardiovascular and urinary systems - a decrease in phosphorus has an extremely negative effect on the condition of cardio-vascular system and kidney function.

Causes of Phosphorus Deficiency

Every day, an adult, healthy person should receive up to 1500 mg of phosphorus, because this substance cannot be synthesized in our body, and the daily loss of phosphorus in the urine can be about 1000 mg. Moreover, phosphorus is absorbed only with a sufficient content of calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, vitamins A and D and some other trace elements.

The lack of phosphorus in the human body is quite rare, since this element is found in almost all animal products and plant origin.

But, unfortunately, only about 70% of phosphorus salts are absorbed with food, and not all of this amount will be useful for the human body.

As the chemical industry V food products various phosphates began to be added: sodium phosphates E 339, potassium phosphates E340, calcium E 341, ammonium E342, magnesium E343 or phosphoric acid- E 338.

Such additives contain carbonated drinks, various hard candies and chewing gums, sausages, powdered milk and cream and much, much more. Once in the body, these substances are not used for their intended purpose, but accumulate in it, disrupting metabolism, kidney function and destroying joints and connective tissue.

Alimentary or primary deficiency of phosphorus practically does not occur, the lack of this substance in the body may occur due to:

• metabolic disorders;
• overuse carbonated drinks, various food additives and dyes;
• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
• chronic or long-term acute diseases;
• poisoning - chemicals, alcohol or other substances;
• taking medications - long-term use of drugs containing aluminum, magnesium and some other substances can cause a deficiency of phosphorus, since their excess interferes with the normal absorption and absorption of phosphorus;
• adherence to a "protein-free" diet - a long-term restriction of protein products in the diet can also cause a lack of phosphorus in the body, including due to a lack of calcium, vitamin D and A;
• artificial feeding - in young children, a lack of phosphorus can be caused by feeding unadapted infant formula or such unsuitable products as cow's milk, fermented milk products, and so on.

Phosphorus deficiency symptoms

Phosphorus deficiency may not be diagnosed for a long time, as characteristic symptoms this state does not.

With a slight deficiency of phosphorus, a person experiences constant malaise, his working capacity decreases, interest in life disappears, he becomes apathetic or, conversely, too irritable, sleep and appetite worsen. If the amount of phosphorus supplied with food does not increase or it is not absorbed, signs of depression of the higher nervous system appear: memory and intelligence worsen, mood swings appear.

With a pronounced lack of phosphorus, there is:

• weakness, drowsiness, headaches - and these symptoms are constantly present and do not depend on external factors: the duration of sleep, rest and the number of loads;
• muscle trembling, weakness muscle tone, decrease physical activity- without phosphorus, the muscles weaken and the person hardly performs his usual types of work or suffers from pain and trembling in the muscles;
• loss of appetite - with a decrease in the concentration of phosphorus in the blood, it is characteristic a sharp decline or complete absence appetite
• feeling of anxiety, fear, irritation - due to changes in nervous system arise unfounded anxieties, fears, constant feeling irritation and bouts of aggression;
• change in skin sensitivity - numbness of the skin of the upper and lower extremities, or vice versa, the skin becomes too sensitive, any touch, cold or warm objects can cause unpleasant sensation or even pain;
• disorders in the work of the cardiovascular and urinary system - metabolic disorders, a decrease in the level of ATP cause changes in the work of the heart muscle and the glomerular system of the kidneys;
• pathology musculoskeletal system- the most characteristic sign of a lack of phosphorus. Soreness in the joints, bones, joint deformity, degenerative-dystrophic diseases and frequent fractures can occur not only due to a lack of calcium, but also due to a deficiency of phosphorus;
• hematological disorders - a lack of phosphorus causes the development of anemia, thrombocytopenia and a decrease in the production of leukocytes.

What to do with a lack of phosphorus

With a pronounced lack of phosphorus, it is possible to help only by finding the exact cause of the development of a deficiency of this substance, since such a condition is always secondary.

And to compensate for the deficiency, drugs such as riboxin, phytin, phosphocolin, ATP and others are most often prescribed.

If the deficiency of phosphorus is insignificant, correction of the diet and diet can cope with it.

The assimilation of phosphorus is possible only with a sufficient amount of calcium and vitamin D, but at the same time, an excess of phosphorus interferes with the normal absorption of calcium, magnesium and other trace elements. Therefore, enriching your diet with foods rich in phosphorus or taking special supplements is possible only with a laboratory-proven deficiency of this substance.

And to prevent a lack of phosphorus, you can:

• There is more products animal origin - fish, liver, eggs, butter, dairy products not only contain a lot of easily digestible phosphorus, but are also rich in calcium, vitamins D and A, which help normal absorption of phosphorus;
• be sure to add fresh green vegetables and fruits to the diet, as well as more nuts and dried fruits.

Record holders for the content of phosphorus are: mushrooms, dry yeast, wheat bran, pumpkin seeds, zucchini, nuts, beans, sea fish, liver and dairy products.

Source: http://OnWomen.ru/nedostatok-fosfora-v-organizme.html

Phosphorus in the body: how much phosphorus is needed, lack and excess of phosphorus, phosphorus in foods

Phosphorus is a trace element that a person needs for life. Nothing happens without it biochemical reaction in organism. The main role of phosphorus in the human body can be called ensuring the normal growth of bone and dental tissue, as well as further maintaining their integrity throughout a person's life.

If we consider the location of phosphorus in the body, then 80% of the total amount of this element is in the mineral part of the teeth and bones, and the remaining percentages are distributed in muscles, fluids and organs.

The role of phosphorus in the body Phosphorus deficiency in the body - what happens Excess phosphorus in the body Phosphorus in foods How to ensure proper absorption of phosphorus

The role of phosphorus in the body

Phosphoric acid is an active participant in the process of building phosphatases - enzymes that are "responsible" for the normal course of chemical reactions in cells.

This same acid is actively involved in fat metabolism, the production and breakdown of starch and glycogen, is one of the components of skeletal tissue, and a particularly large amount of it is located in the tissues of nerve cells and the brain.

Scientists say that without phosphorus, the process of thinking is impossible, a person will not even be able to move, since muscle contraction occurs precisely due to various phosphorus compounds. Fermentation and respiration (processes that are essential for all living things) also cannot proceed without the presence of phosphoric acid.

In addition, phosphorus is involved in the following processes:

1. Normalizes protein and carbohydrate metabolism. Moreover, the microelement under consideration takes Active participation not only in the "global" metabolic processes, but also those that take place directly inside the cells and muscles.
2. Energy exchange. Phosphorus compounds (creatine phosphate and adenosine triphosphoric acid) ensure the flow of all necessary for normal life body processes. If the reserves of these phosphorus compounds are present in not enough, then a real tragedy can come - the muscles will simply stop contracting, and the nervous / motor or mental activity will become simply impossible.
3. Forms highly active compounds. For example, with proteins and fatty acids - lecithin, which is necessary for the formation of cellular and meninges. It is well known that lecithin in huge quantities consumed by the body excessive loads moreover, both physical and psycho-emotional. If there is not enough phosphorus in the body, then the cells of the brain and all other organs will remain unprotected, which will lead to their death.
4. Included in nucleic acids. These compounds store and transmit hereditary information and are responsible for normal cell division and growth.
5. Supports acid-base balance. This is due to the fact that various phosphorus compounds are part of the blood and other fluids. By the way, it is thanks to phosphorus that active forms vitamins - the trace element in question “starts” the processes necessary for this.

Phosphorus deficiency in the body - what happens

Even if a person uses enough products that contain phosphorus, it may have a lack of this trace element. And in this case, the person will feel weakness, complain of general malaise.

He may have unexpected bursts of intellectual activity, but they are always replaced by nervous exhaustion.

People who have a lack of phosphorus in the body may actively respond to the world, socialize and visit crowded places, and then suddenly fall into apathy and depression.

Phosphorus deficiency in the body can be associated with:

• excess in the body of compounds of magnesium, calcium, aluminum;
• drinking large amounts of carbonated drinks;
• long-term diseases, including chronic ones;
• drug, alcohol, food poisoning;
• pathology of the kidneys and thyroid gland of a chronic nature.

Please note: often a lack of phosphorus is detected in young children who are bottle-fed. Such a development of events is fraught with rickets for the baby.

In general, a lack of phosphorus in the human body will definitely manifest itself - for example, serious problems with metabolism, disorders of the liver.

There will definitely be a decrease in immunity (frequent infections and colds), permanent muscle pains will appear, appetite will worsen, up to a complete loss, concentration will decrease.

Phosphorus deficiency can lead to pathological changes in the heart, osteoporosis and hemorrhages of various origins.

Excess phosphorus in the body

Too much phosphorus in the human body is also not good. This condition leads to:

• urolithiasis;
• pathological lesions of the intestine and liver;
• the development of anemia and leukopenia;
• the development of hemorrhages and bleeding;
• loss of bone calcium;
• the development of osteoporosis.

Important! If phosphorus poisoning occurs, that is, too much of this microelement enters the body at once, then the entire digestive system, heart, liver and kidneys are disrupted, many small hemorrhages, including the retina.

In what case is an excess of phosphorus possible? Well, firstly, with prolonged contact with various phosphorus compounds - this may be due to labor activity. Secondly, the abuse of canned food, lemonade, and protein products leads to an excess of phosphorus. Thirdly, the problem under consideration can arise with metabolic disorders if they are not treated and corrected.

Phosphorus in products

The daily human need for phosphorus is 1200 mg and the deficiency of this microelement is quite difficult to admit - one would have to become a strict vegetarian and eat fruits / berries / vegetables / fruits that grow on soils poor in this microelement. If a person eats well, then daily dose phosphorus enters his body from many products:

• pumpkin, cabbage, parsley;
• nuts, legumes, cereals;
• whole grains, black bread;
• spinach, garlic, carrots;
• milk, cheese;
• fish, meat, beef liver;
• berries and mushrooms;
• eggs.

How to ensure proper absorption of phosphorus

If there is an excess of aluminum, magnesium and iron, then phosphorus in the body will become completely ineffective, even if its amount is within the normal range.

At the same time, an excess of phosphorus leads to a loss of calcium and poor digestibility of magnesium, which is fraught with arrhythmia, migraines, and back pain.

How to regulate the process of assimilation of all important elements in the body not to the detriment of each other?

For example, at the age of over 40, vegetables and greens, dairy products, and not meat should be a priority on a person’s table.

Such a correction will facilitate the work of the kidneys, and they will be able to actively remove excess phosphorus from the body. It will not be superfluous to take into account a few more points:

1. Canned foods that have added phosphates can lead to an excess of phosphorus in the body, so you don’t need to get carried away with such nutrition.
2. Phosphorus works in the right mode in the presence of calcium and vitamin D, but calcium should be twice as much as phosphorus - dairy products should be on the menu almost constantly, as they are the main suppliers of calcium to the body.
3. The need for phosphorus increases significantly with physical exertion and lack of protein, excessive consumption of sugar, long-term use of certain hormonal drugs.
4. It will help the absorption of phosphorus vitamins A, D, F, as well as potassium, iron, magnesium and calcium in balanced amounts. Therefore, it is important to periodically take a course of admission multivitamin complexes but only with the permission of a doctor.
5. It is best to fill the deficiency of phosphorus in the body with food, but in especially severe cases it may be necessary to drug therapy- Riboxin, phosphocolin, phytin and other medicines will be prescribed.

Phosphorus in the body plays essential role, however, like other trace elements.

Its deficiency or excess can lead to irreversible pathological processes, so it is important to ensure that phosphorus enters the body in normal amounts.

A specialist will help in this, and an independent increase in the amount of consumed foods rich in phosphorus, or taking some vitamin complexes will lead to extremely undesirable consequences.

Tsygankova Yana Alexandrovna, medical observer, therapist of the highest qualification category

The role of phosphorus in the human body. How dangerous is the lack and excess of phosphorus?

The human body contains huge variety chemical elements.

Each of them performs certain functions.

Phosphorus is present in the composition of such minerals as phosphorite and apatite.

As an independent unit in nature, it does not occur.

The role and function of phosphorus in the human body

The first official mention of phosphorus is dated 1669. The element was discovered by accident by a chemist named Henning Brand. The object of his study was human urine. According to the scientist, it yellow was due to the gold content.

In order to prove his hypothesis, Henning conducted research. Evaporating and heating urine to certain temperatures, the chemist discovered the presence of a luminous substance in it. A little later, it was found that this is a simple element, and not a component of a chemical compound.

To understand why this element is needed, it is necessary to study the role of phosphorus in the human body, its main functions and percentage.

Organogen is one of the main constituent parts DNA cells. It carries out the transfer of genetic information in the process of reproduction. It is quite difficult to overestimate the function of this cell.

The main functions of matter are:

• Ensuring muscle contraction;
• Participation in transportation nutrients;
• Influence on the growth and strength of bones;
• Activation of enzymes;
• Participation in the transmission of impulses to nerve endings.

Almost any process that takes place in the human body is impossible without the participation of phosphorus. He takes direct participation in connecting processes elements such as creatine phosphate and ATP.

Thanks to its presence, muscle activity is carried out. Without his participation, muscle contraction is impossible.

Transportation of nutrients ensures the supply of the necessary elements to each vital important body. Disruption of this process results in serious illnesses. In the structure of bones phosphorus is involved together with calcium.

Important: in the body of an adult there is up to 750 grams of this element. The main part is concentrated in the bones and teeth.

Enzymes are participants in the process of adaptation of substances that enter the human body. Phosphorus activates the activity of enzymes thereby speeding up the metabolic processes. It significantly improves the absorption of vitamins B, D, glucose, etc. by the cells of the body.

A luminous substance has an equally significant effect on susceptibility of nerve endings.

deficit

Phosphorus deficiency symptoms in the human body can be similar to those of calcium or magnesium deficiency. With a reduced amount of one of the substances, the level of others should be checked. Bringing health back to normal requires an integrated approach.

The daily dose of the organogen in the body is 1200 mg. The lack of an element is determined by a number of signs. Most full information can give a medical examination.

Attention: phosphorus deficiency in childhood hinders normal growth nerve fibers and brain cells, which hinders mental development.

Causes

It has been established that a decrease in the phosphorus reserve does not occur without a reason. Most often, this deviation observed in obese people.

There can be several reasons for the deficiency. These include the following:

• Starvation or strict diets;
• Diseases accompanied by metabolic disorders;
• poisoning;
• Excessive consumption of sugary carbonated drinks;
• The period of pregnancy or breastfeeding;
• An excess of substances such as calcium, barium, aluminum or magnesium.

Phosphorus deficiency is often found in formula-fed infants. Mother's milk contains much more of the nutrients necessary for the development of the baby. The trace elements that make up the mixture are not always absorbed properly.

People prone to manifestation of deviation include patients with diabetes mellitus, lovers of alcoholic beverages, patients suffering from hormonal disorders . To prevent development unpleasant consequences it is necessary to carry out regular monitoring of the level of trace elements.

On a note: the excretion of phosphorus from the body is partially carried out in the process of urination.

Symptoms

• Pain in the bones and muscles;
• Pathological changes in the myocardium;
• Decreased immunity;
• Development of periodontal disease;
• Mental diseases.

Peculiarities: a person suffering from phosphorus deficiency gradually loses vitality. He has apathy, depression is possible.

Excess

An excess amount of phosphorus in the body is just as undesirable as its deficiency. Supersaturation of a substance often occurs in people not in control of their daily diet. An excess of phosphorus in the body in children, like an excess of other substances, is fraught with allergies.

To prevent deviation, the quantity and quality of food consumed should be controlled.

Causes

Some time ago, the lack of a substance was much more common than its surplus. But over the past few years, against the backdrop of development Food Industry, everything has changed. Chemical compounds began to be used in the manufacture of carbonated drinks, some bulk, as well as meat and dairy products.

The main causes of supersaturation with phosphorus can be the following points:

• Metabolic disease;
• Excessive consumption of protein foods;
• The presence in the diet of a large number of products with additives;
• Substance poisoning.

If the intake of a substance into the body with food can be controlled by a person, then no one is immune from the process of poisoning. This is especially true for people whose professional activities are associated with the white organogen. This variety is considered poisonous.

In case of poisoning, general weakness of the body occurs, headache and nausea appear. Around the 3rd day, a person susceptible to poisoning develops jaundice. Along with this, there is a burning sensation in the stomach and oral cavity.

Symptoms

Against the background of an increase in the amount of phosphorus in the body, various diseases. Violations can be detected by the presence of certain signs. Among them are:

• Frequent bleeding;
• Decreased immunity;
• Diseases of the digestive tract;
• Deviations in the work of the liver;
• Salt deposits;
• Decreased bone density.

Sources for man

Required amount of trace element enters the human body with food. The main source of the substance protein food. It includes fish, poultry and any kind of meat.

A large amount of phosphorus can also be found in dairy products, red caviar, nuts, legumes and some types of cereals. A certain amount of the element is found in whole grain bread.

Balance with other trace elements and vitamins

Phosphorus performs its functions in tandem with calcium. This combination of elements is actively involved in the process of carbohydrate breakdown. Inhibition of this process contributes to the development of serious diseases.

Calcium turns out positive impact on the process of micronutrient digestibility. In the daily diet, it is necessary to maintain a balance in the use of foods rich in these substances.

No less favorable effect on the absorption process fat derivatives from vitamin B8 and vitamin D3. Products rich in these ingredients without fail must be present in the diet of any person.

Control over the level of the element in the body should be reasonable. IN certain situations appropriate medications are prescribed. Any drugs are taken on the recommendation of a specialist. Self-treatment may worsen the situation.

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Source: http://foodra.org/mikroelementy/fosfor/rol-v-organizme.html

The role of phosphorus in the human body, its deficiency and excess

Phosphorus has been familiar to everyone since childhood, because of its property it glows in the dark (phosphorus paint was used to paint Christmas tree decorations or masquerade masks), but not everyone knows that in Greek the word phosphorus literally means luminous (carrying light). It's a pity, but white phosphorus, as the most chemically active, is the most toxic to humans, and red is the most famous as an incendiary element in the production of matches. But at the same time, phosphorus is a necessary and useful macronutrient for the body of any person.

Most of the phosphorus that is in the human body (about 90%) is concentrated in the bones and teeth. The role of phosphorus in the human body important, as strong teeth are a sign of health. basis solid bones are made up of phosphorus and calcium.

70% of the phosphorus that is concentrated in the bones is in the form of calcium phosphate, a sparingly soluble compound, and a smaller part (30%) is presented in the form of various soluble compounds. Phosphorus affects the active absorption of calcium in the intestine.

There can be a lot of phosphorus in food of plant origin, but it is absorbed in a very small amount, the main source of replenishing phosphorus in the body is fish and meat. Part of the phosphorus is in the blood, brain tissues and muscles, and 99% of the rest of the phosphorus in the human body is inside the cells, and only 1% of it is concentrated in the extracellular fluid.

Clinical studies of the blood test do not allow us to judge general content it in the body, although deviations from the norm in one direction or another indicate a violation of phosphorus metabolism. For example, low levels of phosphate in the blood can cause hypophosphatemia disease.

On average, the body of an adult contains approximately 670 g of phosphorus, or 1% of body weight in terms of total body weight. Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and calcitonin regulate the level of phosphorus in the body.

Calcium and vitamin D contribute to the normal absorption and functioning of phosphorus, while the optimal ratio of calcium to phosphorus should be 2 to 1. A high content of elements such as aluminum, iron, magnesium adversely affects the absorption of phosphorus.

IN circulatory system Phosphorus is found in the body in the form of compounds of inorganic phosphates with organic phosphorus esters and free nucleotides with phospholipids.

Orthophosphates of inorganic phosphorus, which are in the blood plasma, are partially distributed in tissue fluid, and are also located in the reserves of plasma systems and provide the process of moving energy between all cells of the body. In the process of ossification bone structure phosphorus provides correct distribution calcium.

Phosphorus deficiency in the human body

Lack of phosphorus in the human body - hypophosphatemia can occur not only due to improperly balanced food, but due to various concomitant diseases (lack of phosphorus occurs, for example, with kidney failure, alcoholism).

Decreased thyroid function, impaired kidney function, taking medication for a long time, with big amount antacids and aluminum hydroxides, alcohol intoxication can lead to hyposphatemia.

This disease is characterized by weakness in the muscles, muscle pain, bleeding into the skin, various changes in bone tissue, leading to brittleness and fractures of bones.

Phosphorus deficiency is often observed in people with a vegetarian diet (rejection of meat, poultry, fish and dairy products). The lack of phosphorus in the body is acutely reflected in well-being, mental activity is inhibited.

Excess phosphorus in the human body

Excess phosphorus in the human body - hyperphosphatemia can occur due to the consumption of food poor in calcium and a large amount of vitamin D. Also accompanying illnesses such as kidney failure and dysfunction of the thyroid gland can cause an excess of phosphorus in the body.

As a rule, an excess of phosphorus manifests itself only when convulsions associated with calcium deficiency make themselves felt. With an excess of phosphorus, patients are advised to eat foods of plant origin with a low content of phosphorus and to treat concomitant diseases.

Frequent consumption of carbonated drinks canned food And protein food can also cause hyperphosphatemia.

What foods contain phosphorus?

The main sources of phosphorus for the human body are meat, fish, seafood, milk and dairy products. Most content phosphorus in beef liver, turkey meat, almonds, milk, broccoli. Phosphorus contained in food of plant origin is poorly absorbed by the human body.

In the human liver, phosphorus is stored in reserve, absorbed from the stomach. It is laid out in the form mineral salts and part of these salts enters the bloodstream, while the other part of it combines with elements unnecessary for the body and is excreted from the body.

adult body healthy person per day should receive phosphorus in an amount of about 1200 mg.

Be healthy and cheerful!