The posterior and anterior nerve roots arise from the spinal cord (SC) through the intervertebral foramina. With dysfunction, the SC loses the ability to transmit signals to a certain area, the area becomes unruly, and inflammation of the nerve root may begin. Otherwise, the disease is called radiculitis, the symptoms of which are similar to those of various spinal pathologies.

A nerve root is a collection of nerve fibers that make up peripheral nerves. They also transmit command impulses from the brain and spinal cord, which ensures body movement and sensitivity of body tissues. In total, a person has 32 pairs spinal roots. Infringement of one or an entire group in a certain area of ​​the spine initially causes discomfort in the compression zone. It can occur due to injury, herniation, or prolapsed disc. Pain sensations gradually increase, where the bundles are compressed, and then inflammation of the roots or sciatic nerve(sciatica).

Classification of radiculitis:

Doctors distinguish 2 types of origin: primary (the nerve root itself is inflamed), and secondary (the disease occurs as a result of another pathology of the spine). In 5% of patient visits to the clinic, radiculitis develops against the background of infection and allergies, when the membranes of the SM are also affected, for example, with meningoradiculitis.

General symptoms of nerve root inflammation:

• body temperature rises;
• pain in the nearby area of ​​the affected bundle;
• discomfort increases when turning the body, muscle effort, coughing;
• limited movement of the back, shoulder or neck;
• violation nerve sensitivity near the hearth;
• discomfort when pressing on the spinous process of the vertebra;
• muscle weakness in the area of ​​inflammation.

Symptoms are not treated: the doctor looks for the main cause of sciatica, which is eliminated through conservative therapy or surgery. At the same time, analgesics, antispasmodics and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed. In most cases, radiculitis develops due to lack of treatment for osteochondrosis, scoliosis, and spondylosis. Other factors that provoke inflammation include hypothermia, infectious disease, uneven physical stress on the discs, and pathologies of internal organs.

There may be a radicular syndrome (radiculopathy) associated with other spinal disorders. Symptoms are similar to pinched nerves or inflammation of the roots: numbness, swelling or redness of the skin in the affected area, sweating, muscle atrophy, the pain “follows” along the inflamed nerve. The main difference is the presence of painful sensations in several places in the body at the same time, for example, the neck, arms or behind the sternum, in the stomach area.

When diagnosing, X-rays are taken in the projection of the spine from the front and side, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), myelography (x-ray contrast method), electromyography and compared with the patient’s complaints.

Individual signs of radiculitis by segment

Inflammation of the spinal cords of each part of the spine has certain symptoms, which the doctor takes into account when diagnosing. The form of radiculitis can be acute or chronic. Accordingly, the signs may appear too strongly or be mildly present. Acute radiculitis occurs when there is a sharp impact on the nerve root (trauma, disc prolapse, draft). In the chronic form, all sensations appear gradually, with a daily increase in strength, pain lasts more than 2 months. When the season changes from warm to cold, aggravation often occurs.

Inflammation of the nerve root in the cervical spine

The vertebrae of the segment are located close to the vessels leading to the head. When the nerve bundle is compressed or inflamed, the pain spreads towards the scapula, upper limb or back of the head, crown. It intensifies when you turn your head or raise your arm, or move it forward, to the side. Nerve roots are often affected, since the movement of the spine in the segment is constant.

Doctors distinguish 3 types of radiculitis: cervical, cervicobrachial, cervicothoracic. Inflammation most often occurs in the lower neck, at the attachment point of the trapezius muscle. Pain sensations affect the brachial plexus of nerves.

General signs of inflammation:

• numbness of the fingers on the upper limb;
• it hurts to change the position of the hand, tilt the head or turn it left and right, move the shoulder blades;
• there is a feeling of heart pain, difficulty breathing;
• tingling, burning, tension is observed in the muscles of the neck and/or shoulder;
• posture is disturbed;
• The bend of the neck changes.

There may be migraines, nausea, dizziness, surges in blood and intracranial pressure. They arise due to disruption of blood flow and oxygen delivery to the brain in the neck area. If a person takes a lying position, his condition stabilizes a little.

Inflammation of the nerve root in the thoracic region

Characteristic pain is shooting, as if girdling chest. Radiculitis most rarely affects this area of ​​the spine. Inflammation of the roots in the thoracic region often occurs in connection with infectious diseases of the organs respiratory system, especially with pneumonia, pleurisy, as well as with ganglion herpes - ganglionitis.

Symptoms of thoracic radiculitis:

• aching or paroxysmal pain;
• it is difficult to take a deep breath;
• discomfort or pain at points between the ribs;
• decrease (anesthesia) or increase (hyperesthesia) of sensitivity in the area of ​​inflammation of the nerve root;
• sometimes herpes rashes in the form of blisters on the skin near the lesion.

In case of exacerbation of radiculitis, it is necessary bed rest And complex therapy with mandatory pain relief.

Inflammation of the nerve root in the lumbosacral region

The patient cannot walk, bend over, or straighten his back independently during an attack of radiculitis. When you try to change your body position or move, the pain becomes very severe.

Symptoms of inflammation of the nerve root of the lumbargic stage:

• tension, inactivity of the lower back muscles;
• sudden or increasing muscle pain after exercise (aching, sharp, dull).

Signs of radiculitis in the radicular stage:

• the strength of sensations increases;
• symptoms of root tension during movement in the spine (Neri, Dezherina);
• the pain begins to radiate (give, “shoot”) to the buttock, leg;
• numbness of the toes or the entire lower limb.

Often there are lumbagos (reminiscent of an electric shock to the skin), reaching the very foot. Sometimes the pain is localized not in the lower back, but in knee joint or in the ankle area and the person cannot stand on his leg.

Conclusion

Doctors recommend undergoing a spinal examination using medical equipment to accurately determine the causes of radiculitis symptoms. After all, an individual vertebra, discs, spinal cord or its membranes, and connective tissues of the spine can become inflamed. Based on the localization of the pathological process, the specialist will select adequate therapy, and the disease will be eliminated.

The human spinal cord is a rather complex part of the body. It is an integral part of the central nervous system, and is closely connected with internal organs, skin, and muscles. Nerve roots extend from the spinal cord and are responsible for sending and receiving information from all parts of the body. Each of the nerve roots provides a complete information connection with its own part of the body. Accordingly, disruption in their functioning can manifest itself in the most different symptoms. The topic of our conversation today will be inflammation of the nerve roots, symptoms and treatment this violation Let's discuss it in a little more detail.

Inflammation of the spinal nerve roots can be diagnosed in patients aged from twenty-five to sixty years. This condition can be primary or secondary, arising as a result of other diseases. When the root of one of the spinal nerves becomes inflamed, doctors usually diagnose radiculitis.

Most often, this disease is a manifestation of osteochondrosis; a little less often it appears due to old spinal injuries or herniated intervertebral discs. And the attack of the disease itself can be triggered by awkward movements, heavy lifting, sleeping in an uncomfortable position, or infection.

Symptoms of nerve root inflammation

The classic and main manifestation of inflammation of the spinal nerve roots is pain. Moreover, their localization directly depends on where exactly the inflammation of the nerve root occurred.

The cervical form of radiculitis makes itself felt by pronounced painful sensations in the back of the head. At the same time, coughing and all kinds of head movements only intensify the unpleasant symptoms. In some cases, with inflammation of the nerve roots in this part of the spinal cord, the patient also experiences dizziness, hearing problems, and may also experience a staggering gait.

If the inflammation is localized in the cervicobrachial region (cervicobrachial radiculitis), it leads to severe pain in the neck, shoulders, and also in the arms.

Inflammation of the nerve roots in the thoracic region causes attacks of severe pain that surround the chest.

As practice shows, most often the inflammatory process occurs in the lumbosacral region. The patient complains of severe pain in the lower back, which makes movement almost impossible. The painful sensations intensify even more if the patient tries to walk or bend over.

In any form of inflammation, the unpleasant symptoms subside in a stationary state. But at the same time, it is extremely difficult for the patient to remain motionless. At night, the patients' condition worsens. Inflammation also often leads to increased sweating and paleness of the face.

How is inflammation of the nerve roots corrected, what treatment is effective?

It is worth noting that inflammation of the nerve roots is not a separate disease, but only a syndrome. Its therapy is mainly symptomatic.

It is extremely important for a patient with such a health disorder to ensure rest; his physical activity should be limited as much as possible. For several days, a person should avoid all kinds of physical activity and spend most of the time in bed. In this case, it is extremely important that the patient lies on a flat surface that does not sag. Therefore, it is worth placing a rigid base under the mattress. It is necessary to limit the movements of the part of the spine where the inflammation occurred. For this purpose, it is recommended to use a fixing corset.

To reduce the intensity of pain, analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs are used non-steroidal drugs Diclofenac, Naproxen, Ibuprofen, Nimesulide (the instructions for use of each drug before use must be read personally from the official instructions included in the package!). The use of muscle relaxants has an excellent effect.

Most often, painkillers are taken in the form of tablets, but especially severe pain requires their intramuscular administration. In mild cases, doctors recommend limiting yourself to ointments, suppositories, creams, etc.

In conditions medical institution doctors can implement novocaine blockade affected nerve. This manipulation effectively and quickly relieves pain. However, after pain relief, the main treatment is carried out.

It must be borne in mind that analgesics cannot be used for a long time; they play the role of a temporary symptomatic medicine.

Therapy for inflammation of the nerve roots suggests using preparations containing B vitamins (B1, B6 and B12 complex). This combination of vitamins has positive influence on nerve tissue. An excellent effect is obtained by using the drug Neuromultivit (for which it is prescribed, how to use it is described in the “Drugs” section with the letter “N”), which contains these vitamins in a significant dosage.

For patients with inflammation of the nerve roots, manual therapy sessions are recommended. This procedure helps to release pinched nerves, but it should only be performed by a qualified specialist.

Wonderful positive effect for radiculitis gives ointment with snake venom. It eliminates inflammation, improves blood circulation, stops the disease and alleviates general state sick.

In parallel with the described manipulations, doctors also resort to physiotherapeutic treatment. Patients with inflammation of the nerve roots may benefit from acupuncture, reflexology, laser therapy, the use of galvanic current, phonophoresis, hot paraffin, mud applications, radon baths and a variety of warm-ups.

Long course The disease often requires surgical intervention. Thus, patients with inflammation of the nerve roots may be advised to remove the problematic intervertebral disc, which puts pressure on the spinal nerve. But in most cases, radiculitis can be treated with conservative therapy.

Folk remedies

For successful treatment For inflammation of the nerve roots, you can take a decoction of willow bark. To prepare it, you should brew a couple of tablespoons of ground vegetable raw materials with half a liter of boiling water. Boil this medicine over low heat for ten minutes, then leave for three hours to infuse. Take a quarter glass strained three to four times a day. This medicine has an excellent anti-inflammatory effect, but it would be a good idea to discuss the advisability of its use with your doctor.

In this case, a complex develops pathological symptoms called neuralgia.

Neuralgia is painful sensations along the affected nerve. The term should be distinguished from radiculitis, which is common among people. The latter is the inflammatory process in the root area spinal nerve, radiculitis is manifested not only by pain (neuralgia), but also by other characteristic symptoms.

It is worth saying that, although neuralgia can affect any nervous structure of the body, most often it accompanies radiculitis.

Causes

What reasons can cause inflammation of nerve endings and roots? The causes of radiculitis and vertebral neuralgia may be the following conditions:

• Infectious diseases of the spine.
• Injuries, accidents, traffic accidents.
• Osteocondritis of the spine.
• Osteoporosis and calcium deficiency.
• Intervertebral disc herniation.
• Spondylolisthesis is a displacement of a vertebra.
• Narrowing of the spinal canal.
• Spondylitis.
• Spondyloarthrosis and bone osteophytes.
• Spinal tumors.
• Spinal osteomyelitis.

It is worth considering that inflammation can be caused by an infectious agent or a violation of anatomical interactions. In the second case, aseptic inflammation occurs, the treatment of which does not require the use of antibiotics; anti-inflammatory drugs are sufficient.

Your doctor will help you determine the true cause of radiculitis.

Symptoms

If the spinal column and spinal nerve roots are suddenly exposed to excessive force, acute radiculitis occurs, the main symptom of the disease will be vertebral neuralgia.

In case of degenerative and metabolic disorders, the process is chronic nature, pressure is gradually put on the roots by an osteophyte, hernia, tumor or other formation. Symptoms will gradually increase as the disease progresses.

It’s worth figuring out how sciatica will manifest itself various departments spine, since further diagnosis and treatment will depend on this. Inflammation of the roots of the cervical and lumbosacral regions, for example, will have a completely different clinical picture.

Cervical radiculitis

Diseases of the cervical spine are not uncommon, since this segment of the back takes Active participation in holding the head when walking, running, sitting at a table, working at a computer. The vertebrae in this part of the spine have a rather vulnerable structure, and at the same time they are in close interaction with important vessels and nerves.

If a spinal disease has led to inflammation of the nerve root in the cervical back, the following manifestations are likely to occur:

1. Pain in the back of the head and neck, aggravated by exertion or prolonged immobile work.
2. Pain in the shoulder blade, along the collarbone, in the area of ​​the shoulder joint.
3. Numbness, pain, loss of sensitivity in the hand. Radiculitis of the lower parts of the neck is manifested by dysfunction brachial plexus, which is responsible for the innervation of the upper limb.
4. Loss of muscle strength in the arm.
5. Headaches, migraines, dizziness are a sign of insufficient blood flow through the vertebral artery.
6. Blood pressure disorders.

Most often, the disease manifests itself as neuralgia - pain at the exit site of the root and along the nerve fibers. The remaining signs are added if the nerve structures are affected strong pressure, or the inflammatory process becomes extensive.

Radiculitis of the thoracic region

The rarest form of radiculitis is damage to the thoracic region. The reason for this phenomenon is that a large number of The vertebrae in the thoracic floor of the back take on part of the lost function, and the disease takes a long time to be compensated.

In addition, in the thoracic region there are no such important structures as nerve plexuses or cauda equina, so only the spinal roots are involved in the process. Radiculitis of the thoracic region is manifested by the following symptoms:

1. Pain in the thoracic part of the back, aggravated by exercise.
2. Shootings along the chest, following the course of the ribs.
3. Intercostal neuralgia can even mimic heart disease, occurring in the left side of the chest.
4. Difficulty take a deep breath due to chest pain.

Poor symptoms lead to the pathological process not being diagnosed for a long time. Dangerous diseases can be detected too late, so at the first symptoms you need to consult a doctor.

Radiculitis of the lumbosacral region

The most common location of radiculitis is the lumbosacral segment. This explains the large number of patients complaining of lower back pain.

The thing is that it is on the area of ​​the lumbosacral floor that most of the load falls during active movements, lifting weights, playing sports. Under the influence of these factors, degeneration occurs, which leads to aseptic inflammation of the nerve roots. Symptoms of lumbar radiculitis:

1. Pain in the lower back after exertion, bending, standing for a long time, or lifting heavy objects.
2. Shooting pain along the spine - in the buttock, thigh, and other parts of the lower limb.
3. Impaired skin sensitivity in the leg, numbness, “crawling” feeling.
4. Pain when pressing on the spinous process of the involved vertebra.
5. Inability to stand for long periods of time.
6. Pain when trying to straighten your back during an attack of neuralgia.

Radiculitis itself causes a lot of inconvenience, but it is also a manifestation of another disease. If the cause of neuralgia progresses, it may involve the nerve structure of the cauda equina, which is responsible for innervation, in the process. Bladder and rectum.

Low back pain has been ignored by patients for a long time, but can be a symptom of a serious illness. It is necessary to consult a doctor in time for a full diagnosis of the disease.

Diagnostics

The diagnostic search for a doctor begins with a conversation and questioning of clinical symptoms, then the doctor will conduct objective examination spine and specifies neurological symptoms. Often, to determine the cause of the disease, a consultation with a neurologist may be required.

The next step is to examine the patient's tests. A general blood and urine test will allow you to exclude or confirm an infectious process. In case of aseptic inflammation of the roots, tests are not very informative. After laboratory testing, the patient will be referred for instrumental procedures. These include:

1. X-ray of the affected part of the spine - excludes or confirms pathology bone formations, including spondyloarthritis, vertebral fractures, osteophytes, spondylolisthesis.
2. CT and MRI are highly accurate methods that allow you to detect the process on initial stage. MRI perfectly detects vertebral pathology, therefore it is the best method for the diagnosis of osteochondrosis.
3. X-ray contrast methods – myelography. Rarely used due to the risk of possible complications.
4. Electromyography is an assessment of the conduction of electrical impulses during excitation of muscle fibers. It is used in the presence of symptoms from the upper or lower extremities.
5. Analysis cerebrospinal fluid. Puncture is associated with certain difficulties and the risk of complications, so it is used if necessary, if infectious causes are suspected.

The listed list of studies changes depending on the data received and the doctor’s suspicion of the presence of a certain pathology.

Treatment

Therapeutic approach to the treatment of radiculitis for last years seriously changed. Today, the priority is to find the cause of the disease and its treatment, and not just to eliminate the symptoms. The complex of treatment measures may include:

• Drug treatment.
• Spinal immobilization.
• Physiotherapy.
• Physiotherapy.
• Massage.
• Surgery.

Various methods are used only if there are indications for their use. Independent choice treatment method is unacceptable.

Drug treatment

Tablets, injections and ointments can relieve inflammatory syndrome, eliminate the manifestations of radiculitis, but do not get rid of the cause. Therefore, you should not limit yourself only to the use of medications. Medicines aimed at eliminating radiculitis include:

• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
• Analgesics.
• Group vitamins
• Muscle relaxants.
• Chondroprotectors.

The method of using medications depends on the severity of the pain syndrome. For low-intensity pain, applying ointments and gels to the area of ​​the affected segment is sufficient. With severe neuralgia, you have to resort to using injection forms.

Immobilization

In some diseases, for example, injuries and osteochondrosis, pain from the nerve root is associated with pressure on it from bone structures. In this case, it is necessary to relieve tension using the immobilization method.

The vertebrae can be separated from each other using skeletal traction - this is used for injuries and fractures.

To immobilize the motion segment, you can also use corset structures - a Shants collar for the neck, a lumbar belt for lower section backs.

Providing rest for the nerve root allows you to reduce symptoms and eliminate the cause of the disease without further progression.

Physiotherapeutic treatment

Modern medical practice recognizes the significant influence of physiotherapy on the course of the inflammatory process. Thermal methods of exposure can reduce the intensity inflammatory reaction by increasing blood flow in the affected area and relaxing muscle fibers. Possible procedures:

• Paraffin applications.
• Mud applications.
• Radon and hydrogen sulfide baths.
• Electromyostimulation.
• Electro- and phonophoresis of drugs.

It is worth remembering that the use of physiotherapy is dangerous if there is infectious process. The doctor must prescribe treatment in accordance with contraindications.

Exercise therapy and massage

Therapeutic exercise allows you to restore spinal function after immobilization or surgical treatment. Exercise therapy also has a beneficial effect on the prognosis for osteochondrosis, disc herniation, and spondylolisthesis. By eliminating the above reasons, the likelihood of progression of radiculitis and the frequency of its exacerbations are reduced.

It is worth visiting a qualified massage therapist after exercise therapy complex. Massage allows you to relax muscle fibers and reduce the intensity of back pain.

Surgical treatment

If these treatments are not effective, your doctor may recommend surgery to decompress the nerve root.

Some diseases leading to sciatica may be absolute indications to the operation. These include tumors, vertebral fractures, severe forms of osteochondrosis, osteophytes and other pathological processes.

Inflammation of the spine of another location

Some patients associate back pain exclusively with sciatica. However, the inflammatory process in the spine may be of a different location. The following structures may be affected by inflammation:

• Vertebral bodies.
• Intervertebral joints.
• Intervertebral discs.
• Ligaments of the spine.
• Back muscles.
• Spinal cord, nerve plexuses.
• Meninges.

Qualified specialists will help you differentiate between diseases and choose the optimal treatment.

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Radicular syndrome: symptoms and treatment

Radicular syndrome - main symptoms:

• Skin redness
• Lower back pain
• Stomach ache
• Sweating
• Amyotrophy
• Heartache
• Spinal pain
• Pain syndrome
• Numbness in the affected area
• Swelling of the skin
• Pain in limbs
• Loss of sensation
• Pain sensitivity disorder
• Difficulty making movements
• Shooting pain

Radicular syndrome is a complex of symptoms that occur as a result of compression of the spinal roots (that is, nerves) in the places where they branch from the spinal cord. Radicular syndrome, the symptoms of which are somewhat contradictory in its definition, is itself a sign of many various diseases, which is why the timeliness of its diagnosis and the appointment of appropriate treatment becomes important.

general description

The one we are considering neurological syndrome occurs quite often. Compression (squeezing) of nerves leads to a wide variety of pains, which, accordingly, arise in the most various places: in the limbs, in the neck, in the lower back. Often pain can also occur in the area of ​​certain internal organs, for example, in the stomach or heart.

Below you can see what it looks like spinal root, respectively, determining the effect of the lesion if it occurs.

Causes of radicular syndrome

Damage to the spinal roots can be caused by a number of conditions, including the following:

• Spina bifida;
• Osteochondrosis;
• Certain types of birth defects relevant to the structure of the spine;
• Constant overloads affecting the spinal column;
• Sedentary lifestyle;
• Spondyloarthrosis;
• Injuries, scar changes and tumors;
• Vertebral fractures resulting from osteoporosis;
• Changes in hormonal status;
• Damage to the vertebrae of an infectious nature (for example, changes caused by osteomyelitis or tuberculosis);
• Hypothermia.

As a rule, radicular syndrome does not occur immediately after exposure to one or another specified cause. Initially, it is preceded by the development of changes in the area of ​​the intervertebral discs, which, in turn, provoke the occurrence of hernias. Further, the hernia, with its own displacement, begins to compress the spinal root, which leads to difficulty in outflow from it venous blood. This subsequently leads to the development of non-infectious inflammation. Thus, the nerve and the tissue around it begin to surround the formed adhesions.

Radicular syndrome: symptoms

The first, and most characteristic symptom of radicular syndrome is the appearance of pain, which is concentrated along the course of a particular nerve. So, when a process develops in the cervical region, pain, accordingly, occurs in the arm and neck. The process in the thoracic region provokes back pain; in some cases, pain concentrated in the stomach or heart becomes possible (these pain disappears only when the radicular syndrome itself is eliminated). The process in the lumbar region leads to pain in the lower back and buttocks, as well as the lower extremities.

Movement, like lifting heavy objects, leads to increased pain. In some cases, the pain is characterized as “shooting”, which is accompanied by its spread to various parts of the body, this is partly due to the location of a particular nerve. A lumbago that occurs in the lumbar region is called lumbago. In this case, the pain may be constant, but it intensifies in any case if any careless movement is made.

It can provoke attacks of pain not only physical stress, but also emotional stress, in addition to this, hypothermia also has an influence on its appearance. In some cases, pain occurs at night, as well as during sleep, which is particularly accompanied by swelling of the skin and its redness, and increased sweating is also noted.

Another symptom accompanying radicular syndrome manifests itself as a sensitivity disorder that occurs in the zone of innervation of the nerve in question. So, slight tingling using a needle in the indicated area is accompanied sharp decline sensitivity, which is observed when compared with an area similar, but located on the other side.

Additionally, the symptoms also include movement disorders that occur with muscle changes. The latter are provoked by damage to the nerves that innervate them. The muscles dry out and, accordingly, they atrophy. In addition, their weakness is noted, which in some cases is determined visually, especially when comparing both limbs.

Diagnosis of radicular syndrome

In diagnosing radicular syndrome, it is initially important to determine the cause that provokes compression of the spinal nerve. Thanks to studies regarding movement and sensitivity disorders, it is determined within which vertebrae the damage occurred. For example, if compression of the root occurs in the area of ​​the fifth lumbar vertebra, then this provokes lower back pain (i.e. lumbodynia). This pain, accordingly, radiates along the outer surface of the thigh, as well as along the lower leg to the toes (2,3,4). Already this symptom acquires a slightly different definition - lumbar ischialgia.

When nerves are damaged due to infectious diseases, the process may be accompanied by additional symptoms in the form of fever and increased temperature, which, in particular, is concentrated in the area of ​​the root involved in the pathological process.

General radiography of the spine is used as a standard instrumental method that makes it possible to diagnose the syndrome we are considering. In particular, the diagnostic focus covers the results of radiography in the lateral and anterior projections. Meanwhile, the most informative and at the same time sensitive diagnostic method today is MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Whatever diagnostic method is chosen, the basis for determining the diagnosis is still directly those clinical symptoms that are relevant in each specific case for the patient.

Treatment of radicular syndrome

Treatment methods for radicular syndrome are determined solely on the basis of considering possible causes, as well as identifying the main one, that is, the one that actually provoked this syndrome. Patients are prescribed strict bed rest, during which they should lie exclusively on a hard surface. Additionally assigned:

• Analgesics (ketorol, baralgin). Their use allows you to eliminate/reduce severe painful manifestations.
• Anti-inflammatory non-steroidal drugs (nurofen, diclofenac, movalis). With their help, they not only reduce inflammation that has formed in areas with damaged nerves, but also relieve pain. Their long-term use, however, is associated with a number of side effects. By the way, the use of drugs of this type is possible in the form of ointments, gels (fastum, ketonal), which, accordingly, provides for their external use while simultaneously reducing possible adverse effects.
• Muscle relaxants are drugs designed to eliminate muscle spasms. They can only be used as prescribed by a doctor.
• Vitamins corresponding to group B. Their action is aimed at improving metabolic processes in nerve tissues.
• Chondroprotectors are drugs for stimulating restoration processes and slowing down cartilage destruction in the area of ​​intervertebral joints.
• Non-drug treatment (massage, gymnastics, physiotherapy, reflexology). These treatment options are relevant in all cases except tumors.

Some diseases may require surgical intervention, which is possible with neoplasms and intervertebral hernias.

To diagnose radicular syndrome, as well as to prescribe adequate treatment, you need to consult a neurologist.

If you think that you have Radicular Syndrome and the symptoms characteristic of this disease, then a neurologist can help you.

We also suggest using our online disease diagnostic service, which selects probable diseases based on the entered symptoms.

Intercostal neuralgia is a painful condition caused by irritation of the intercostal nerves or their compression. Intercostal neuralgia, the symptoms of which are usually observed in older people, is explained by age-related changes, relevant for the condition of their blood vessels. As for children, this disease is extremely rare in them.

Radiculitis is a disease of the nervous system in which the roots of the spinal nerves are affected. Radiculitis, the main symptom of which is pain in the neck or back (depending on the lesion), can also be referred to in medical practice as radiculopathy.

Sciatica is an inflammation of the sciatic nerve. In some sources, the disease may be referred to as sciatic neuralgia or lumbosacral radiculitis. The most characteristic symptom for this disease is back pain, which radiates to the lower limb. The main risk group is people over 30 years of age. In more early age the disease is almost never diagnosed.

Lymphocytic leukemia is a malignant lesion that arises in the lymphatic tissue. It is characterized by the accumulation of tumor lymphocytes in the lymph nodes, in peripheral blood and in the bone marrow. The acute form of lymphocytic leukemia has recently been classified as a “childhood” disease due to its susceptibility mainly to patients aged two to four years. Today, lymphocytic leukemia, the symptoms of which are characterized by their own specificity, is observed more often among adults.

Raynaud's disease is a paroxysmal disorder in the arterial blood supply to the feet and/or hands that occurs due to prolonged exposure to stress, cold and some other factors. Raynaud's disease, the symptoms of which appear more often among women, is distinguished primarily by the symmetry of damage to the extremities.

With help physical exercise and abstinence, most people can do without medicine.

Symptoms and treatment of human diseases

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Questions and suggestions:

Inflammation of the nerve roots or radixitis, which is correct?

Many people have heard about such a disease as radiculitis. However, its full name sounds like inflammation of the nerve roots or radicular syndrome (the concept of radiculitis does not apply to all roots). This disease is typical for any age and is manifested by severe pain in the area of ​​inflammation, however, first things first.

general description

Human nervous system complex mechanism, which has a branched structure. At the end of this structure there is a root and similar roots in the body 62, in addition, the system includes fibers and bundles. Data nerve fibers roots and bunches act as messengers. In the event of any impact on the body (heat, cold, pain, etc.), this impulse is transmitted to the spinal cord, after which it is transmitted to the brain. This happens almost instantly.

The anatomy of nerve roots is simple. There are two subspecies:

The anterior ones are formed by the axons of efferent neurons. The main function performed by the anterior roots is motor activity and reflex contractions.

Damage to the anterior roots does not cause pain in a person, but leads to motor disturbances and disturbances in reflexes. However, among this group there are also afferent fibers (responsible for sensitivity). There are not many of them, but if they are damaged, severe pain can occur. These fibers can exit in the area of ​​the dorsal roots.

The dorsal roots, in turn, consist of afferent fibers and are responsible for sensitivity and pain. It is damage to these nerves that causes severe pain. In addition to the pain reaction, there may be a loss of sensation in the part of the body controlled by the affected nerve.

Exactly for the reason internal structure inflammation of the nerve roots is primarily associated with spinal disorders(lower back pain, etc.)

In addition, according to their location, the roots are divided into:

• cervical (cervical, cervicobrachial, cervicothoracic);
• Gvental (innervate the chest around);
• lumbar;
• sacral (innervates the sacrum);
• coccygeal

The roots located in the lumbar and sacral regions are often combined into one subtype - the lumbosacral.

Causes

There are several reasons that can provoke inflammation, from banal pinching of a nerve root in the lumbar spine to the presence of a hidden disease that provokes the formation of a hernia or tumor.

The root can become inflamed for the following reasons:

• infectious diseases affecting the vertebra;
• trauma (in this situation, a splinter or a displaced vertebra can pinch the nerve);
• osteocondritis of the spine;
• osteoporosis;
• intervertebral disc herniation;
• vertebral displacement;
• narrowing of the spinal canal;
• osteomyelitis;
• tumor in the spine;
• hypothermia (in this situation, there is no infringement as such, perhaps the development of an inflammatory process);
• hormonal disorders;
• sedentary lifestyle;
• birth defects (narrow opening through which a nerve passes, etc.).

Availability related problem does not immediately cause neuralgia in the body; it takes time. Eg, intervertebral hernia begins to grow and gradually compresses the nerve root, thereby pinching it, disrupting the function of transmission of nerve impulses.

Symptoms

The nerve roots of the spine are located in certain places in the body, which indicates the classification of the inflammatory process. Thus, the following variants of the disease are distinguished:

• cervical;
• chest;
• lumbar;
• mixed (cervico-brachial, lumbosacral, etc.).

The inflammatory process can occur as a result of external influence on the root, then we are talking about a secondary type of disease, and directly due to problems with nervous system, then we are talking about the primary type of illness.

Symptoms for each subtype are individual, but there are symptoms that are characteristic of all, including:

• increase in body temperature;
• pain along the route of the nerve;
• gain pain at sharp turns torso, coughing;
• restriction in movement (depending on the type of illness);
• decreased sensitivity;
• weakness;
• increased pain upon palpation of the spinal process.

Cervical sciatica

The cervical spine is located as close as possible to the vessels of the head, therefore, when the roots of the cervical spine are compressed, the pain spreads towards the back of the head and the parietal region. In addition, pain in the shoulder blade or arm may be diagnosed.

Signs of cervical radiculitis:

• loss of sensation in the fingertips;
• pain when changing the position of the arms or moving the shoulder blades;
• difficulty breathing;
• heart-like pain;
• burning, tingling and tension in the neck muscles;
• poor posture;
• change in cervical curvature.

Due to the close location of the neck to the head, the following manifestations are possible:

• migraine;
• nausea;
• vomit;
• dizziness;
• increase in pressure.

Thoracic radiculitis

The least common disease, since inflammation in the thoracic region is one of the rarest manifestations. As a rule, it is associated with the presence of infectious diseases of the respiratory system, as well as ganglion herpes.

• aching pain;
• breathing problems (the patient has difficulty inhaling);
• the pain is localized in the ribs;
• increase or decrease in sensitivity at the pinched site;
• possibly a vegetative manifestation (blistering rash at the pinched site).

Lumbar sciatica

This disease is one of the most common. The nerve roots of the lumbar region suffer from pinching more often than others due to heavy loads on this region and have the following symptoms:

• lower back muscle tension;
• sudden and gradually increasing pain;
• shooting pain in the leg or buttock;
• numbness of toes;
• pain syndrome when straightening the back.

The pain does not allow the patient to stand for a long time, forcing him to take a sitting or lying position.

Diagnostics

The study of the patient's condition begins with collecting the patient's medical history. So, the doctor conducts a survey and initial examination of the patient, Special attention paying attention to the location of pain and the nature of its occurrence.

Standard for everyone medical institutions a set of tests (general clinical analysis of blood, urine) is not very informative and the specialist prescribes advanced diagnostics, which includes:

• X-ray of the inflamed spine;
• computed tomography (CT);
• magnetic resonance imaging (MRI);
• study of spinal fluid through spinal cord puncture;
• electromyography;
• myelography (a study based on the use of contrast fluid).

Treatment

Currently, the approach to treating inflammation or pinched roots has changed significantly. The basis is not the elimination (blockade) of the pain syndrome, but the identification and elimination of the cause of the pain.

The following treatment options are available:

1. Drug (conservative) treatment.
2. Operative (surgical) intervention.

The above options are the basis, and additionally physiotherapeutic procedures, immobilization therapy, as well as folk remedies can be used.

Drug therapy

This set of treatment procedures is designed not to treat the cause, but to eliminate the consequence, and includes the prescription of the following drugs:

• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
• analgesics;
• complex of vitamins;
• muscle relaxants;
• chondroprotectors.

Depending on the severity of the disease, one or another is used medications. For example, with moderate pain, it is enough to apply ointment or take a pill to the site of pain, while severe pain requires administration of medicine through an injection (injection).

Concomitant treatment

In the case of radiculitis, it is impossible to get by with tablets and ointments alone; it is necessary complex treatment, which includes:

• physiotherapeutic treatment (UHF, ultraviolet irradiation, mud applications, radon and hydrogen sulfide baths, electrical myostimulation, phonophoresis, electrophoresis);
• physical therapy (physical therapy);
• massotherapy;
• immobilization.

Physiotherapy has a beneficial effect on the body, helping to relieve inflammation, relaxing muscle fibers and increasing blood flow.

Immobilization is carried out through the use of various corsets and restraint devices.

As for exercise therapy and massage, they are necessary for the rehabilitation of the patient after immobilization and surgery.

Surgical method

This method is necessary when it is impossible to eliminate the cause in any other way. It is not always possible to change a patient’s condition with pills alone.

Thus, one of the most common operations is nerve root decompression. Decompression is necessary when it is not possible to relieve it from pressure through physical procedures or immobilization (as a rule, this occurs due to injury or tumor processes).

Prevention and prognosis

After completion of drug or surgical treatment, it is necessary to exclude the possibility of recurrence of the disease, for which the patient is required to comply with the following recommendations:

• weight loss (carried out as part of reducing the load on the spine and legs);
• reduce lifting;
• take advantage of more opportunities for walking;
• avoid hypothermia;
• pay attention to posture (curvature of the spine is unacceptable).

The prognosis of this disease is favorable in most cases. However, in case of untimely treatment or complete absence radiculitis can develop into chronic phase, which takes longer to cure than usual.

So, inflammation of the nerve roots is quite unpleasant, but curable disease, which must be treated under the supervision of a specialist. In the absence of proper treatment, severe pain cannot be ruled out. Don't joke with your body, treat yourself correctly!

Inflammation of the spinal nerve roots - where and how they are pinched, causes, treatment

The spine is the organ responsible for normal work musculoskeletal system and internal organs, each of which has a network of nerve endings.

Nerve trunks originate from roots coming from the posterior and anterior horns of the spinal cord.

There are 62 nerve roots in the spine, respectively, there are 31 pairs of them.

The roots of the spinal nerves transmit signals coming from the internal organs to the spinal cord, and then to the brain - the central “control system” of the body.

“Commands” coming from the brain are first received by the spinal cord, which distributes them throughout the body through nerve endings.

Functions of the spinal roots and deviations from the norm

The indicated number of paired roots is determined by the structure of the spinal column. The spinal roots extend from the vertebrae of the neck (8 pairs), from vertebral segments chest (12 pairs), lower back (5 pairs), sacrum (5 pairs), coccyx (1 pair).

Inflammatory processes in these areas lead to pinched nerve fibers, severe pain and disruption of the innervation of internal organs, arms, legs, and skin.

• The dorsal roots regulate the activity of pain receptors and are responsible for sensory perception. They consist of afferent fibers. When the dorsal roots are damaged, neurological disorders are observed. With strong compression of these fibers, acute pain syndrome develops and muscle trophism is disrupted. With any attempt to move, the pain intensifies as the compression on the spinal nerve increases. If it is damaged, motor functions are preserved, but the sensitivity of skin receptors is lost.
• The anterior roots are formed by the axons of efferent neurons. They are responsible for movements and reflexes, contractions of ligaments. Without these fibers, motor activity would be impossible: a person would not be able to pick up objects, walk, run, or perform physical work. The nerve formed from the anterior roots of the spinal cord, when damaged and excised, does not cause pain, except in cases of return reception (in the anterior root of the spinal nerve afferent fibers can be found passing through it, then turning into dorsal root and going to spinal cord). Their damage causes severe pain, which disappears when 2-3 dorsal roots are excised.

Compression and infringement of the posterior and anterior roots becomes not only the cause painful condition, but even if untreated it leads to disability.

If an arm or leg loses sensation, “pins and needles” and numbness appear in the soft tissues, and movements in them are limited, you should urgently consult a doctor to establish an accurate diagnosis.

A disease in an advanced stage may require a radical method of solving the problem - surgery.

Causes

Since the roots contain fibers on which the receptor sensitivity of soft tissues and the functioning of the musculoskeletal system depend, immediate hospitalization and thorough examination the patient is allowed to bypass the worst - paralysis of the arms and legs, atrophy of muscle tissue.

In the process of diagnostic measures, the real reasons pathological condition. This:

• Protrusion and herniation of intervertebral discs.
• Injuries.
• Degenerative changes in bone tissue caused by osteochondrosis, spondylosis, osteoporosis, arthritis.
• Tumor formations.
• Postoperative complications.
• Incorrect posture.
• A long-term static pose in which a person stays regularly for several hours.

Data from MRI, CT, X-ray and ultrasound examinations and other diagnostic measures make it possible to assess the degree of damage to the spinal roots, determine the location of the process, after which specialists decide on the direction of treatment and prescribe a set of treatment procedures.

Treatment

Traditional methods of therapy consist of taking painkillers and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, limiting motor activity, use of muscle relaxants, vitamin preparations.

But if the symptoms do not lose their severity and continue to increase, then specialists may decide on the advisability of surgical intervention. It can be:

• Microdiscectomy.
• Surgical decompression of the roots.
• Pulsed radiofrequency ablation (the Latin word “ablation” translates as “taking away”).

Microdiscectomy is a minimally invasive method that does not disturb the structure of the nerve fibers, but allows you to free them from compression by removing part of the bone tissue, due to which the inflammatory process began.

Surgical decompression of the roots is used for hernias and tumors, which, increasing in size, cause pinching of nerve fibers. The purpose of the operation is to remove partially or completely these formations.

Pulsed radiofrequency ablation in 80% of cases gives the desired result, because the integrity of the spinal segments is not compromised during the operation.

By puncture into the area hernia formation an electrode is inserted and cold plasma pulses are sent through it. The hernia begins to “melt”, noticeably decreases in size and in some cases is reduced back.

But this is possible if the fibrous ring has not ruptured and the gelatinous contents remain within this membrane.

Vertebral pathologies are dangerous because any delay and ignoring the worsening condition can lead to a real disaster. The spinal cord is inextricably linked with the brain structures of the head.

Sympathetic nerve fibers running from the vertebral segments to internal organs, transmit signals about problems to the “main center”.

And if the work of any of the links in this chain is disrupted, then the consequences of a late visit to the doctors may have to be corrected throughout the remaining years.

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