The life cycle of our hair. Telogen - the resting stage

He will try to help you understand this issue so that you have time to take action or vice versa, you can calm down and make sure that everything is in order.

It will certainly not be a revelation to you that hair is losing everything except, of course, those who have nothing to lose. This is a complete process indicating that the renewal processes in yours are proceeding as expected. The human body is designed in such a way that skin are constantly updated, the old die off, and new ones arise in their place. The same applies to, which are part of the protective covers.

This is all understandable, but from this question, how much hair should fall out normally does not become less relevant. An unequivocal answer will certainly not satisfy you, because according to experts, the loss of 45 to 170 hairs per day can be considered the norm.

This information, most likely, confused you even more, so let's figure out what this figure depends on.

First of all, it is logical to know how many hairs on the head generally should be. The question is simple, however, the answer is again ambiguous. The average number, called by experts, is 100,000 hairs. Average doesn't mean right for you. The fact is that amount of hair varies depending on many factors. If we take the average European, then, with red hair, he most likely has about 70-80 thousand hairs in the norm. If he is brunette, then this number grows to 100 thousand. brown shade add another 10 thousand pieces to the owner and, finally, blondes are in the lead, for whom 150 thousand hairs are considered the average normal amount.

It is also worth knowing that not all hair follicles function at the same time. Most of them (about 90%) continue to honestly work and produce hairs, while the rest are "on vacation" - sleeping or preparing to wake up. It is also estimated that approximately 15% of the hair is in the stage at the same time, hence it is worth proceeding when answering the question of how much hair should fall out for you personally.

Let's assume that you are a brunette and we will take as a basis the amount of hair that is normal for you in 100,000 pieces. Let's calculate that 15% of this figure is equal to 15,000. That is how much is in the process of falling out. On average, the duration of this stage lasts a little more than 3 months or 100 days. If we divide all hair loss by the number of days, we get 150. This will be your hair loss rate per day.

You should also not panic at the sight of a hair follicle that fell out along with dead hair. Be sure that the hair follicle - a cozy nest with a full supply of "food" for a new hair, remained in place. Rather worth it pay attention to hair, dropped out without a bulb. If, upon closer examination, you saw that it is thinning at the ends, then you are most likely not dealing with hair loss, but with brittle hair, and this is a slightly different problem.

The next burning question for most women is the question of whether how long hair lives and grows. This one is a little easier. Latest Research showed that, on average, the life of a hair lasts within six months. The growth rate depends on the season and even the day. It has been proven that hair is faster in the warm season, the same thing happens at night. If we take the average figure, then the hair grows by 0.3–0.5 mm per day, which gives us a maximum of one and a half centimeters per month.

Can sometimes give the false impression that you too much hair falling out. In this case, the number of hairs on the comb will be within the normal range, but one look in the mirror will allow you to make sure that the hair has thinned out a lot. This happens if the hair has become thinner. It may also be evidence that some hair follicles are “delayed on vacation”. This is quite possible and not so rare for a number of reasons.

If you notice something similar or the amount of hair falling out does not fit into the above framework, you should seek the advice of a specialist and start on time.

Alexandra Panyutina
Women's magazine JustLady

Beautiful hair and nails are everyone's dream. Do you know how much hair you lose daily? Or which nail grows faster?

facial hair

As a rule, facial hair grows faster than other parts of the body. If you have ever shaved your facial hair, then you know that stubble appears as early as five hours after shaving. Any average man, if he stopped shaving, could grow a beard over 9 meters long in his lifetime.

How much hair grows per day

Every day a person loses from 60 to 100 hairs. Hair loss is affected by many factors such as season, health, diet, age, and even pregnancy. For example, in the morning and evening, hair grows faster, and at night it grows very slowly or stops growing altogether.

Men's and female hair: what is the difference?

Diameter male hair more than women in one and a half times. But, despite this, men's hair is more brittle. The diameter of the hair also depends on the race and age of the person. Black people have the thickest hair - up to three times thicker than fair-skinned people.

Hair is light, hair is heavy

On average, one hair can support a weight of 100 to 200 grams. Therefore, the strength of the hair can be compared with aluminum wire. If you combine all the hair that grows on a person’s head into one bundle, then the fairy tale about Rapunzel will become quite real.

Don't break your pinky nail

Scientists have not fully figured out why the growth of nails depends on the length of the fingers. However, it is known that the nails on the middle fingers grow faster than on the rest: the fastest growing nail is on the middle finger active hand. On the other hand, the nails on the little finger grow the slowest.

Hairy like a chimpanzee

The amount of hair per square centimeter human skin is about the same amount as that of a chimpanzee. hairline a person is thick enough, but most of the hairs are too light and small to be noticeable to others.

Color and density

On average, a person has about 100 thousand hair follicles, and about 20 individual hairs grow from each during a lifetime. However, the thickness of the hair differs depending on the color. So, people with blonde hair about 146 thousand hair follicles, in black-haired people - about 110 thousand, in brown-haired people 100 thousand, and redheads occupy the last place in terms of the number of hair follicles - about 86 thousand follicles.

Why do manicures have to be done more often than pedicures?

On average, fingernails and toenails grow by 2.5 millimeters per month. However, you have probably noticed that you cut your toenails less often than on your hands. This is because toenails grow four times slower than fingernails.

How long does hair live

Lifespan human hair is approximately 3 to 7 years. Although a person loses a lot of hair daily, the hair has quite long life unless injured. They can survive many haircuts, hairstyles and it will take more than one year before they fall out.
A person loses hundreds of hairs every day, but you need to lose about half of the hair before anyone notices that you are bald.

They are not afraid of cold or heat

Human hair is virtually indestructible. In addition to being highly flammable, hair is practically invulnerable. Hair cannot be destroyed by cold, climate change, water or other forces of nature, and is resistant to many types of acids and chemicals.

Well-groomed hair is the dream of any representative of the weaker sex. Spending a lot of time and energy on different styling, curling and coloring, many girls forget that the key to a beautiful hairstyle is healthy hair. To make it like this, you need to know the hair, what are its causes pathological changes and ways to eliminate them.

From roots to ends

Each hair includes several elements. Its visible part is the rod, which consists of non-living cells filled with keratin. In the thickness of the scalp (at a depth of about 2.5 mm) is the part of the hair that determines its appearance - the root. It is made up of many living cells that are constantly dividing. This process is what makes the hair grow. impossible without the participation of tissues located near the root. Together they form a hair follicle, from which nerve ending. The structure of the hair on the head is such that damage to this ending leads to the complete death of the root without the possibility of it further recovery. Big influence the beauty of hairstyles has and work sebaceous glands located near the follicles. If they are excessively large, then the scalp becomes oily. Underdevelopment of the sebaceous glands leads to its dryness. Also, next to each hair is a muscle that provides its rise.

Hair structure

Good follicles provide fast growth hair and their longevity. However, the appearance of the hair is also determined by the condition of the rod. The structure of the hair in section shows that its visible part includes the following layers:

hair growth stages

The structure of the hair determines the various phases of its life. They cyclically replace each other and depend on the degree of root cell division. The lifespan of hair can be divided into the following phases.

1. Anogenic. This phase active growth hair is provided by cell division of its root. The rod is stretched in length and thickened. This stage lasts approximately 3 years. It contains about 80-90% of all hair on the human head.
2. Catagen. In this phase, atrophy occurs hair follicle. Cells stop dividing, hair growth slows down and then completely stops. Its root shrinks and gradually moves closer to the surface of the scalp. The catagen stage lasts about a month. About 2% of all hair on the head is in this phase at the same time.
3. Telogen. characterized by a dormant period of the follicle. The hair is practically not fixed in the thickness of the skin and can fall out at the slightest physical impact. Being in this phase is typical for 20-40% of all hair on the head.

The influence of growth phases on the hairstyle

Most hair falls out during the telogen stage. Some, however, persist until the very beginning of the anogenic phase. At the same time, they fall out at the moment when the newly emerging hair shaft pushes out the old one.

The growth phases, just like the structure of the human hair, determine the appearance of the hairstyle. Long curls, for example, are easiest to grow in young age. This is due to the fact that each hair has about 25 life cycles, with each of which it grows less and becomes thinner. In addition, after the age of 30, hair growth gradually slows down. Until this age, they grow by about 1.5 cm per month.

Causes of hair problems

There are a number of reasons that can cause growth retardation, hair loss, adversely affect their appearance. These include:

• Diseases endocrine system, failures in hormonal background and problems in the field of gynecology.
• Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, impaired liver and kidney function.
• Taking certain medications.
• Lack of vitamins and minerals in the body.
• Heavy physical exercise and stress, after which the hair begins to fall out not immediately, but after 2-3 months.
• Wrong hair care Negative influence styling products, paints.
• Prolonged exposure to direct sunlight on the hair, sudden changes in temperature. Excessive overheating of the scalp or extreme cold also adversely affect the health of curls.

In this way, beautiful hair- a sign of a healthy and efficient organism. Dull and brittle curls are often a reflection of various chronic diseases and pathological conditions which must be dealt with in the first place.

Vitamins for beautiful hair

Very often, the structure of human hair and the duration of the anogenic phase change for the worse due to a lack of vitamins and microelements. Hair becomes dry, brittle, lacking shine. In this case, it is worth reviewing the diet or trying to make up for the lack of vitamins with special supplements. When choosing them, you need to pay attention to the presence of the following components.

1. Vitamins of group B. Their deficiency primarily leads to loss of shine and dryness of the hair. And vitamin B3, for example, is responsible for normal amount coloring pigment. Its deficiency in the body is manifested by early gray hair.
2. Vitamin A. Under its influence, the damaged structure of the hair is restored, it becomes elastic.
3. Vitamin C - excellent
4. Vitamin E is one of the sources of nutrition for the tissues of the hair follicle. Especially recommended for those with long hair.
5. Zinc prevents the formation of excess sebum normalizes oiliness of the scalp.
6. Iron and calcium are needed to prevent premature loss hair.
7. Silicon is involved in the formation of collagen and elastin, due to which the hair becomes elastic.

Hair care

Improving the structure of the hair is possible and subject to certain simple rules caring for them.

1. Wash your hair regularly as it gets dirty.
2. Compliance with the optimal temperature regime. Do not wear too warm hats, in which the scalp constantly sweats. At the same time, staying without a headgear at temperatures below 3 degrees for 10 minutes leads to a significant reduction in the anogenic stage of the hair life cycle.
3. Avoid prolonged exposure to direct sun rays, since the structure of the hair on the head from this changes for the worse. In summer, especially when relaxing on the beach, it is better to wear a panama.
4. One of the conditions for having luxurious hair is gentle styling methods. Daily waving, blow-drying, coloring - all this leads to problems with curls.

Qualified help

The structure of the hair is to some extent an indicator of the state of the body as a whole. Therefore, if, under the condition of a diet that ensures the intake of vitamins and microelements necessary for it, they continue to fall out and look lifeless, it is worth contacting a trichologist. You should not try to cope with the problem yourself, because it can be a symptom of some chronic disease. The trichologist will help you understand the causes of the pathology and, if necessary, refer you to other doctors for advice.

Many men, yes, indeed, women too, from time to time face the problem of hair loss. Some of them even turn to trichologists, who authoritatively state: up to a hundred hairs a day is, and you should not panic if you lose about this amount of hair daily. By itself, the question arises: how much is the total human hair?

What determines the amount of hair on the head?

The main factor on which the initial amount of hair on a human scalp depends is natural color his hair. It has been proven that the thickest (and at the same time the thinnest) are light (blond and blond), the number of which on the head of an average person is about 120-140 thousand. The next thickest hair - an average of 100-110 thousand hairs - grows on the heads of brown-haired and brunettes. The smallest amount of hair on the heads of redheads is only 80-90 thousand hairs, but this is compensated by the thickness and strength of each of them.

Thus, if a dark-haired person loses 100 hairs daily, then almost 4 years will pass before he remains completely bald, and this is provided that the hair has completely lost its restorative functions. But instead of fallen hairs, new ones grow at a rate of 0.35 millimeters per day.

If the amount of hair on the head is clearly reduced

Unfortunately, sometimes the hair begins to fall out with a triple force, and this process can affect both, and. Most often, thinning of the hair is a consequence of the experience experienced a couple of months before it. stressful situation or banal beriberi. If neither one nor the other has happened in your life, you should contact a therapist: common blood can reveal the cause of hair loss.

You may need to contact an endocrinologist to rule out pathologies thyroid gland and adrenal glands, to a gastroenterologist to check if the organs are healthy gastrointestinal tract, and a dermatologist who will take from the scalp

Hair growth is carried out due to the growth of cells in the upper layer of the skin. They are known to grow constantly, but with different speed, which depends on the age of the person and individual characteristics organism.

Already in the womb, human hair begins to grow, but still vellus hair, which soon after birth will begin to fall out and over time will gradually be replaced by new ones. In infants and old people, hair grows much more slowly than in healthy adults. On average, hair grows 1-1.5 cm per month.

Each individual hair "lives" for a certain period of time, and then falls out; replaces it after a while new hair and so on throughout human life. Average duration The life of a hair on the head is four years.

Human hair performs a protective function, protecting the head from the adverse effects of sunlight, chemical substances and atmospheric factors.

Hair growth phases

Hair growth is a cyclical process that lasts throughout our lives. Hair grows continuously, faster during the day than at night, and in spring and autumn, their growth also accelerates. average speed hair growth in children - 13 mm, in adults - 15 mm and in the elderly - 11 mm per month.

Hair growth phases- these are certain stages of the life cycle that each hair goes through from birth to natural fallout. There are three phases of hair life:

Anagen (growth phase)- the period of formation of a new hair, namely a new hair follicle - the root of the future hair. This is the longest phase of hair growth, it lasts 2-4 years. Throughout this period, the hair grows continuously. Often we do not let our hair go for so long, but just go to the hairdresser. By the way, the hair growth phase - anagen is interestingly observed in newborns. At birth, their head is almost bald and at 2-4 years old it is already covered with full hair. An analogue of the season of the anagen phase in plants is spring. There is intense hair growth. The cells of the hair follicle are intensively dividing.

Catagen (intermediate phase)- called the resting period of the hair, or the boundary phase of hair growth, this is the end of hair growth. Some processes may still be ongoing or coming to an end, but in fact the hair is no longer growing. This is the shortest hair growth phase in the hair life cycle, lasting 2-3 weeks. An analogue of the season of the catagen phase in plants is summer (June). Hair growth in the follicle stops, the pigment is not formed, the follicle shrinks, and its base moves towards the skin surface.

Telogen (rest or shedding phase)- during which the hair may spontaneously fall out or be removed with a light effort. Telogen lasts an average of 3 months. The hair falls out at the moment when a new hair begins to grow under it.

Exists early telogen and late telogen.

AT early telogen phase hair no longer grows. This can be noticed by young girls who like to grow a braid to the waist, it grows to a certain size (the length of the braid, its size are individual and depend on the speed of hair growth), and then it simply does not grow. Then, as a rule, they get tired of caring for her and they cut their hair. The early telogen phase is sometimes equated with the catagen phase, and is not distinguished as a separate phase. An analogue of the season of the early telogen phase in plants is summer (the month of August).

late telogen phase- This is a natural death - hair loss. The hair may still be in the follicle for some time, but as a rule, after 3-4 months (the duration of the telogen phase), it will fall out. And again, a new cycle of hair growth begins - the anagen phase. Sometimes the late telogen phase is simply called the telogen phase. An analogue of the season of the late telogen phase in plants is autumn (November).

So we've learned the basics life cycles hair. Now you understand that baldness is just a failure in this very change in the phases of hair growth. As if snow suddenly fell in the summer and frosts began.

Hair loss- is a part normal process replacing old hair with new. Average percentage hair in the anagen, telogen and catagen stages is 85, 14 and 1 percent, respectively.

hair types

There are three types of hair - cannon, bristly and long. There are also a number of transitional types of hair that are characteristic of a person in different periods its development.

vellus hair cover the skin of the arms, legs and torso. These hairs are soft, short (about 1.5 mm long), unpigmented and without medulla. These are the first hairs that appear on the body of the fetus during intrauterine development; they are also called "primary". Shortly before birth, vellus hair is partially replaced by pigmented hair. In the first years after birth, this type of hair on the scalp is transformed into the so-called intermediate hair, which at the beginning of puberty is replaced by more rigid - terminal, they may have a slightly different color and density than the hair of the previous generation. In addition, the terminal hair is noticeably denser.

bristly hair- these are eyebrows, eyelashes and those that grow in the nostrils. They are quite hard, pigmented, but not long. By old age, these hairs begin to grow stronger on the face, mainly in men.

Long hair grow on the head, beard, chest, armpits and on the external genitalia. Hair on the scalp goes through several stages of development: their noticeable growth begins at the age of 2-3 years, and during puberty they acquire their final form. In the same period, the hair on the pubis and in the armpits is somewhat modified - they become thicker and curly. In normal cases, the distribution of body hair is dictated by gender, age, nationality.

hair types

Now let's consider hair types.

For effective hair care important factor- it is correct to determine your hair type, because otherwise you can only worsen their condition.

Conventionally, hair is divided into three main types - oily, dry and normal.

The oiliness of hair depends on the type of skin: oily hair grows on oily skin, dry hair grows on dry skin. Normal skin is moderately oily, not dry, does not peel off, does not have large pores and blackheads. Oily skin is covered with a thicker layer of sebum and has a specific oily sheen. Such skin is characterized by enlarged pores. Dry skin often flakes, chapped, irritated. However, mixed skin types are also very common.

Accordingly, consider the types of hair in more detail.

fatty hair has a characteristic dull sheen, through a short time after washing stick together and begin to seem dirty, untidy. Greasy hair often combined with oily dandruff they are thicker than normal.

The next day after washing, and even by the end of the day, the hair loses volume, begins to shine strongly, individual strands stick together. As a rule, if the hair is oily, then on the face oily skin, that is sebaceous glands produce more sebum than necessary.

Dry the hair is thinner, fluffy, brittle, reflects light poorly, because of this they look dull, lacking gloss. They are easily torn, confused, difficult to comb, split at the ends. Quite often, along with this, peeling of the scalp occurs, dry dandruff appears.

If the sebaceous glands on the scalp secrete little sebum, then the hair becomes dry and brittle, often breaks and splits. However, often dry hair is the result of improper care, and not a consequence decreased activity sebaceous glands.

Normal hair - reflect light well, shimmer in the sun, elastic, moderately thin, not too dry and not greasy, no dandruff on the scalp. This means that the sebaceous glands of the scalp and the whole body produce fat no more than normal, and hormonal metabolism not violated. Hair has a healthy shine, does not stick together with each other on the fifth or sixth day after shampooing.

Along with these three main types, there is also mixed(combined) type, as well as hair can be depleted and damaged.

Hair mixed type, this is usually long hair, oily at the roots and dry at the ends due to the fact that they are not sufficiently lubricated with fat along the entire length. The ends of this type of hair, not receiving the necessary lubrication, often split.

You have to wash your hair often, and this makes your hair even drier. This problem is well known to women who often use a hair dryer or permanently dye their hair. At the same time, their hair was originally of the oily type.

Depleted hair is usually rough, has lost its shine and manageability. If such changes occurred quickly and abruptly, then this serious occasion for worry. We must also not forget that some hair changes occur gradually and can only be noticed in a timely manner under a microscope.

Damaged hair also looks different, processes such as:

Split- the end of the hair resembles a brush or a whisk. Some of these hairs are also found among healthy hair. Sometimes splitting starts from the middle of the hair. Such hair is tangled, very difficult to comb, and for the most part it remains on the comb, and carries normal hair along with it.

The reason for this phenomenon is not entirely favorable general state body when the nutrition of the follicle is disturbed. Perhaps there are problems with vascular system. It is worth paying attention to the state of your health, if necessary, consult a doctor. And be sure to cut off the “wrong” ends.

Hair knots- thickenings resembling nodules form on the hair shaft. If you look at them under a microscope, you can see a split hair shaft, resembling two panicles nested one inside the other. Hair often breaks off at the site of these nodules. Most likely, the process of keratinization of the hair is disturbed. The reason may lie in improper care: frequent waving, bouffant, use of some chemicals. In this case, it is necessary to cut the hair short and provide them with careful care. If nodules still form after two months, you need to consult a specialist.

Loops on the hair- the hair itself is folded into loops and tied into knots. Sometimes there is one loop or knot on the hair, sometimes there are several.

Microscopic dust particles linger in the lumen of the loop, skin secretions. Hair is easily tangled, it becomes more and more difficult to comb it, and it is completely impossible to style it. This happens if the hair is too dry, as well as with improper care for them.

Hair becomes damaged, as a rule, after dyeing and perm. Such hair lacks softness, to the touch they are hard and heterogeneous. The main problem of such hair is the lack of moisture, and all the means that are used to treat them are designed to compensate for its lack. Damaged hair should not be dried with a hairdryer, and if you can’t do without a hairdryer, then you should definitely use hair styling products that will help reduce harmful effect hair dryer.

hair shape

The shape of the hair depends on the shape and spatial arrangement of the follicle, the inclination of the hair shaft relative to the skin surface, the amount of keratin in the hair shaft, race and individual characteristics. In short, we can say that the shape of the hair depends on the shape of the root.

There are three types of hair shapes: smooth or straight(1-3), wavy(4-6) and curly(7-9)

In turn, smooth hair is divided into: flat-wavy, tight, smooth.

Wavy on: broad-wavy, narrow-wavy, curly;

Curly on: frizzy, slightly curly, strongly curly, weakly spiral, strongly spiral.

On the cut, smooth hair forms a circle, wavy hair forms an oval, and curly hair forms a flattened oval.

The representatives of different human races different hair quality.

At Caucasian (European) race hair straight or slightly wavy, usually thin. They are not very resistant to mechanical, physical and chemical influences. But they are very diverse in color - from very light to black and red.

At representatives of the Asian (eastern) race the hair is thick, strong and straight, usually black. Able to grow longer than other groups. Can withstand great amount dyeing and curling procedures. This hair is the most resistant to any impact, therefore it is used in most wigs and hairpieces.

In people Afro-Caribbean group the hair is very curly, coarse, and at the same time thin, with a porous structure. Hair color is determined by a combination of black and red pigments, which gives shades from black to golden chestnut. This type of hair is more vulnerable than the hair of other ethnic groups.