The cat's hematocrit is low. Red blood cells

A general blood test in cats is one of the mandatory studies to determine the condition of the animal’s body, timely detection diseases of various nature. Tests are carried out in specialized laboratories; your pet’s attending physician is primarily responsible for decoding. At the same time, you can play it safe and try to understand on your own what the numbers in the summary say. This information will help you have a more productive conversation with your veterinarian and, if necessary, guide him to make the correct diagnosis.

Interpretation of clinical blood test indicators

Let’s take a closer look at what each substance is responsible for and what to look for when interpreting tests in cats.

Hematocrit (HCT). Norm - 24-26%

An increased number indicates a likely increase in the level of red blood cells (erythrocytosis), dehydration, the development of diabetes in the animal, and a decrease in plasma volume in the blood.

A decrease in hematocrit indicates anemia, chronic inflammation of one of the organs, cat starvation, or the presence of internal infusion.

Hemoglobin (HGB). Norm - 80-150 g/l

An increased level of hemoglobin can signal erythrocytosis or.

A reading below 80 g/l is a sign of one of several disorders, such as anemia, obvious or hidden blood loss, poisoning, or damage to the hematopoietic organs.

White blood cells (WBC). Norm - 5.5-18.0*109/l

Exceeding the norm: leukemia, development of bacterial infections or inflammatory processes, oncology.

Decreased normal: virus, lesion bone marrow, damage to the body due to radioactive radiation.

Red blood cells (RGB). Norm - 5.3-10*10 12 /l

An increased level of red blood cells means the development of erythrocytosis in the body, lack of oxygen, and dehydration of the body. In some cases, it also indicates the liver.

A low red blood cell count indicates blood loss (hidden or obvious), anemia, and the presence of chronic inflammation in the body. May appear in the last stages of pregnancy.

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Norm - 0-13 mm/h

An increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate clearly indicates a heart attack, the development oncological diseases, liver and kidney diseases, animal poisoning, shock. In some cases, it can occur during pregnancy.

There are no reduced indicators in this case.

Neutrophils. The norm for rods is 0-3% of WBC, for segmented ones - 35-75% of WBC

With increased levels, we can talk about the development of acute inflammation (including purulent), leukemia, tissue breakdown due to or poisoning.

If the level of neutrophils is low, then most likely we are dealing with fungal diseases, damage to bone marrow tissue, or anaphylactic shock in the animal.

Important: the first step to diagnosing diseases is testing.

Eosinophils. Normal - 0-4% of WBC

Take a closer look at your pet: does he have any food allergies or intolerances? medical supplies? This is exactly what it says increased level eosinophils. Considering that the minimum threshold for this substance is 0% of WBC, then reduced amount can not be.

Monocytes. Normal - 1-4% of WBC

An increase in monocytes in the blood often occurs against the background of the development of fungus in the body (including a viral nature), as well as with protozoal diseases, tuberculosis, and enteritis.

An indicator below normal occurs against the background of aplastic anemia or when taking corticosteroid drugs.

Lymphocytes. Normal - 20-55% of WBC

Increased: leukemia, toxoplasmosis, viral infection.

Decreased: presence of a malignant tumor, immunodeficiency of the body, pancytopenia, kidney and/or liver damage.

Platelets (PLT). Norm - 300-630*10 9 /l

Exceeding the norm often indicates bleeding, a tumor (benign or malignant), and the presence of chronic inflammation. Often the platelet level increases after or against the background of corticosteroids.

A low platelet count indicates infection or bone marrow disease. However, in veterinary practice there are cases when a low number of platelets in the blood is normal.

Biochemical blood test: interpretation

Using a biochemical blood test, you can determine the quality of functioning internal organs. The objects of research are enzymes and substrates.

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Norm - 19-79 units.

An increased content may indicate liver cell destruction, hepatitis, liver tumors, burns and poisoning, as well as deterioration of elasticity muscle tissue in the animal's body.

A decrease in ALT levels, as a rule, does not have diagnostic value. That is, if you see an indicator below 19 in the analysis, do not rush to panic.

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The norm is 9-30 units.

Often the norm is exceeded in case of liver disease, damage to the heart muscle or stroke. However, this can be seen not only from the analysis, but also from visual inspection. If everything is normal with the cat, then most likely it has damaged its muscles. Reduced rate usually does not play a role in diagnosing the disease.

Creatine phosphokinase (CPK). Norm - 150-798 units.

It increases due to a heart attack or stroke, as well as against the background of muscle injuries, poisoning or coma. A reduced indicator does not affect the diagnostic breakdown.

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The norm for adults is 39-55 units.

An increased level of phosphatase in the normal condition of the animal may indicate pregnancy or healing. In the presence of related symptoms, it often signals tumors in the bone tissue, blockage bile ducts or diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

A reduced rate indicates the development of anemia, hypothyroidism, acute shortage vitamin C.

Alpha amylase. Norm - 580-1600 units.

Alpha-amylase tends to increase due to diabetes, as well as with lesions of the pancreas, renal failure or intestinal volvulus. If the indicator is below normal, then the cat is likely developing pancreatic insufficiency, which also does not bode well.

Glucose. Normal - 3.3-6.3 mmol/l

Almost always, an increase in glucose levels indicates a cat with pancreatic diseases. Glucose often increases due to stress or shock. IN in rare cases is one of the symptoms of Cushing's syndrome.

A decrease in glucose indicates malnutrition, poisoning or tumors.

Total bilirubin. Normal - 3.0-12 mmol/l

In 99% of cases, bilirubin increases due to liver disease (most often hepatitis) and blockage of the bile ducts. The destruction of blood cells is also possible, which is also indicated by an increase in bilirubin.

If the level of this substance in the blood is reduced, then your pet may have anemia or bone marrow disease.

Urea. Normal - 5.4-12.0 mmol/l

Did you see that the urea content in the tests exceeded the norm? Be prepared for the fact that the veterinarian will indicate intoxication in the body. However, most often this indicator grows on the background of a diet rich in proteins, as well as stress state animal. Low urea content, as a rule, indicates a lack of protein in food.

Cholesterol. 2-6 mmol/l

As in humans, an increase in the level of cholesterol in the blood of an animal occurs against the background developing atherosclerosis. In some cases increased rate is a consequence of liver disease or hypothyroidism. Against, reduced level cholesterol indicates starvation or neoplasms of various natures.

To put accurate diagnosis, the veterinarian usually looks at the results in aggregate. And if the same disease is traced by several indicators at once, it is diagnosed after additional research(X-ray, ultrasound, palpation, etc.).

Clinical blood test.

Test material: venous, capillary blood

Taking: When taking blood, it is necessary to follow the rules of asepsis and antisepsis in accordance with the instructions. If possible, blood is taken on an empty stomach into a clean (preferably disposable) tube with an anticoagulant (K3EDTA, K2EDTA, Na2EDTA, less commonly sodium citrate, sodium oxalate) (test tube with a green or lilac cap). Heparin should not be used! It is necessary to correctly calculate the amount of anticoagulant. After drawing blood, the tube should be mixed smoothly.
When drawing blood into a syringe, transfer it into the test tube immediately and slowly, preventing foaming. DON'T SHAKE!!!

Storage: Blood is stored for no more than 6-8 hours at room temperature, 24 hours in the refrigerator.

Delivery: Blood tubes must be labeled and tightly closed. During transportation, the material should be protected from harmful influence environment and weather conditions. DON'T SHAKE!!!

-exceeding the concentration of the anticoagulant causes wrinkling and hemolysis of erythrocytes, as well as a decrease in ESR;
- heparin affects the color and staining of blood cells, the count of leukocytes;
- high concentration of EDTA increases the number of platelets;
- intense shaking of the blood leads to hemolysis;
- a decrease in hemoglobin and red blood cells can occur due to the action of drugs that can cause the development of aplastic anemia (antitumor, anticonvulsants, heavy metals, antibiotics, analgesics).
- biseptol, vitamin A, corticotropin, cortisol - increase ESR.

Hemogram.

Hematocrit (Ht, HCT) ratio of erythrocyte volumes to plasma (volume fraction of erythrocytes in the blood	0.3-0.45 l/l 30-45%	Promotion Primary and secondary erythrocytosis (increased number of red blood cells); Dehydration (gastrointestinal diseases accompanied by profuse diarrhea, vomiting; diabetes); Decrease in circulating plasma volume (peritonitis, burn disease).
		Decline Anemia; Increase in circulating plasma volume (cardiac and renal failure, hyperproteinemia); Chronic inflammatory process, trauma, fasting, chronic hyperazotemia, cancer; Hemodilution ( intravenous administration fluids, especially with reduced renal function).
Red blood cells (RBC) Nuclear-free blood cells containing hemoglobin. Make up the bulk of the formed elements of blood	5-10x10 6 /l	Promotion Erythremia - absolute primary erythrocytosis (increased production of red blood cells); Reactive erythrocytosis caused by hypoxia (ventilation failure during bronchopulmonary pathology, heart defects); Secondary erythrocytosis caused by increased production of erythropoietin (hydronephrosis and polycystic kidney disease, kidney and liver tumors); Relative erythrocytosis during dehydration.
		Decline Anemia (iron deficiency, hemolytic, hypoplastic, B12 deficiency); Acute blood loss; Late pregnancy; Chronic inflammatory process; Overhydration.
	0,65-0,90	Color index- characterizes the average hemoglobin content in one red blood cell. Reflects the average color intensity of erythrocytes. Used to divide anemia into hypochromic, normochromic and hyperchromic.
Mean erythrocyte volume (MCV) indicator used to characterize the type of anemia	43-53 µm 3 /l	Promotion Macrocytic and megaloblastic anemia (B12-folate deficiency); Anemia that may be accompanied by macrocytosis (hemolytic).
		Norm Normocytic anemia (aplastic, hemolytic, blood loss, hemoglobinopathies); Anemia that may be accompanied by normocytosis (regenerative phase iron deficiency anemia), myelodysplastic syndromes.
		Decline Microcytic anemia (iron deficiency, sideroblastic, thalassemia); Anemia that may be accompanied by microcytosis (hemolytic, hemoglobinopathies).
Red blood cell anicytosis rate (RDW) a condition in which red blood cells of various sizes are simultaneously detected (normocytes, microcytes, macrocytes)	14-18%	Promotion Macrocytic anemia; Myelodysplastic syndromes; Metastases of neoplasms to the bone marrow; Iron deficiency anemia.
		Decline Information is absent.
Reticulocytes immature red blood cells containing RNA residues in ribosomes. They circulate in the blood for 2 days, after which, as RNA decreases, they turn into mature red blood cells	0.5-1.5% of RBC	Promotion Stimulation of erythropoiesis (blood loss, hemolysis, acute lack of oxygen).
		Decline Inhibition of erythropoiesis (aplastic and hypoplastic anemia, B 12 folate deficiency anemia).
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Reaction) (ESR, ROE, ESR) nonspecific indicator of dysproteinemia accompanying the disease process	0-12 mm/hour	Promotion (accelerated) · Any inflammatory processes and infections accompanied by the accumulation of fibrinogen, a- and b-globulins in the blood; Diseases accompanied by tissue decay (necrosis) (heart attacks, malignant neoplasms, etc.); Intoxication, poisoning; Metabolic diseases ( diabetes etc.); Kidney diseases accompanied by nephrotic syndrome (hyperalbuminemia); Diseases of the liver parenchyma leading to severe dysproteinemia; Pregnancy; Shock, trauma, surgery. Most significant increases ESR ( more than 50 - 80 mm/h) are observed when: paraproteinemic hemoblastoses (myeloma); diseases connective tissue and systemic vasculitis.
		Decline- Hemolytic anemia.
Platelets	300-700x10 9 /l	Promotion- Infections, inflammations, neoplasia.
		Decline- Uremia, toxemia, infections, hypoadrenocorticism, immune disorders, bleeding.
Hemoglobin (Hb, HGB) blood pigment (complex protein) contained in red blood cells, the main function of which is the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide, regulation of acid-base status	8-15 g/dl	Promotion Primary and secondary erythrocytosis; Relative erythrocytosis during dehydration.
		Decline Anemia (iron deficiency, hemolytic, hypoplastic, B12-folate deficiency); Acute blood loss (on the first day of blood loss due to blood thickening caused by large loss of fluid, the hemoglobin concentration does not correspond to the picture of true anemia); Hidden bleeding; Endogenous intoxication ( malignant tumors and their metastases); Damage to the bone marrow, kidneys and some other organs; Hemodilution (intravenous fluids, false anemia).
Mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) indicator that determines the saturation of red blood cells with hemoglobin	31-36%	Promotion Hyperchromic anemia (spherocytosis, ovalocytosis).
		Decline Hypochromic anemia (iron deficiency, spheroblastic, thalassemia).
Average hemoglobin content in erythrocytes (MCH) - rarely used to characterize anemia	14-19 pg	Promotion Hyperchromic anemia (megaloblastic, liver cirrhosis).
		Decline Hypochromic anemia (iron deficiency); Anemia in malignant tumors.

Leukocyte formula.

Leukocyte formula - percentage various forms leukocytes in the blood (in a stained smear). Changes in the leukocyte formula may be typical for a particular disease.

White blood cells (WBC) blood cells, the main function of which is to protect the body from foreign agents	5.5-18.5 *10 3 /l	Increased (leukocytosis) Bacterial infections; Inflammation and tissue necrosis; Intoxication; Malignant neoplasms; Leukemia; Allergies; A relatively long-term increase in the number of leukocytes is observed in pregnant women and with a long course of corticosteroids. The most pronounced leukocytosis is observed with: chronic, acute leukemia; purulent diseases of internal organs (pyometra, abscesses, etc.)
		Decrease (leukopenia) Viral and some bacterial infections; Ionizing radiation; Anaphylactic shock; The most pronounced (so-called organic) leukopenia is observed when: aplastic anemia; agranulocytosis; feline viral panleukopenia.
Neutrophils granulocytic leukocytes, the main function of which is to protect the body from infections. In the blood there are band neutrophils - younger cells, and segmented neutrophils - mature cells stab segmented	0-3% of WBC 35-75% of WBC	Increased (neutrophilia) Bacterial infections (sepsis, pyometra, peritonitis, abscesses, pneumonia, etc.); Inflammation or necrosis of tissue (rheumatoid attack, heart attacks, gangrene, burns); Progressive tumor with decay; Acute and chronic leukemia; Intoxication (uremia, ketoacidosis, eclampsia, etc.); The result of the action of corticosteroids, adrenaline, histamine, acetylcholine, insect poisons, endotoxins, digitalis preparations. Increased carbon dioxide concentration.
		Decreased (neutropenia)- Bacterial, viral, protozoal infection, immune disorders, uremia, bone marrow inflammation. Viral (canine distemper, feline panleukopenia, parvovirus gastroenteritis, etc.) Some bacterial infections (salmonellosis, brucellosis, tuberculosis, bacterial endocarditis, other chronic infections); Infections caused by protozoa, fungi, rickettsia; Aplasia and hypoplasia of the bone marrow, metastases of neoplasms in the bone marrow; Ionizing radiation; Hypersplenism (splenomegaly); Aleukemic forms of leukemia; Anaphylactic shock; Collagenoses; The use of sulfonamides, analgesics, anticonvulsants, antithyroid and other drugs.
		Neutropenia, accompanied by a neutrophilic shift to the left against the background of purulent-inflammatory processes, indicates a significant decrease in the body's resistance and an unfavorable prognosis of the disease. "Shift Left"- increasing the proportion of young forms of neutrophils - band, metamyelocytes (young, myelocytes, promyelocytes). Reflects the severity of the pathological process. Occurs with infections, poisoning, blood diseases, blood loss, after surgical interventions). "Shift Right"- increase in the proportion of segmented neutrophils. May be normal. The constant absence of band neutrophils is usually regarded as a violation of DNA synthesis in the body. Occurs with hereditary hypersegmentation, megaloblastic anemia, liver and kidney diseases. "Signs of Neutrophil Degeneration"- toxic granularity, vacuolization of the cytoplasm and nucleus, pyknosis of nuclei, cytolysis, Deli bodies in the cytoplasm - occurs in severe intoxications. The severity of these changes depends on the severity of intoxication. Absolute lymphocytopenia with a decrease in the number of lymphocytes below 1.0 * 10 3 /l may indicate insufficiency of the T-immune system (immunodeficiency), and requires a more thorough immunological blood test.
Platelets (PLT) anucleate cells, which are “fragments” of the cytoplasm of bone marrow megakaryocytes. Main role - participation in primary hemostasis	300-600 * 10 3 /l	Promotion Myeloproliferative processes (erythremia, myelofibrosis); Chronic inflammatory diseases; Malignant neoplasms; Bleeding, hemolytic anemia; After surgery; After splenectomy; Use of corticosteroids.
		Decline Hereditary thrombocytopenia; Bone marrow damage; Infections; Hypersplenism; The use of antihistamines, antibiotics, diuretics, anticonvulsants, Vicasol, heparin, digitalis preparations, nitrites, estrogens, etc. The appearance of macroplatelet cells in the blood indicates activation of platelet hemostasis.

Biochemical blood test.

Material to be tested: serum, less commonly plasma.

Take: On an empty stomach, always before diagnostic or medical procedures. The blood is taken into a dry, clean tube (preferably disposable) (tube with a red cap). Use a needle with a large lumen (without a syringe, except for difficult veins). The blood should flow down the wall of the tube. Mix smoothly and close tightly. DON'T SHAKE! DO NOT FOAM!
Compression of the vessel during blood collection should be minimal.

Storage: Serum or plasma should be separated as quickly as possible. Depending on the parameters required for research, the material is stored from 30 minutes (at room temperature) to several weeks in frozen form (the sample can be thawed only once).

Delivery: Test tubes must be signed. Blood should be delivered as quickly as possible in a cooler bag. DON'T SHAKE!
DO NOT deliver blood in a syringe.

Factors influencing results:
- with prolonged compression of the vessel, the concentrations of proteins, lipids, bilirubin, calcium, potassium, enzyme activity increase when studying
- plasma cannot be used to determine potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, etc.,
- it should be taken into account that the concentration of some indicators in serum and plasma is different
Concentrations in serum are greater than in plasma: albumin, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, uric acid, sodium, OB, TG, amylase
Serum concentration equal to plasma: ALT, bilirubin, calcium, CPK, urea
Concentrations in serum are less than in plasma: AST, potassium, LDH, phosphorus
- hemolyzed serum and plasma are not suitable for determining LDH, Iron, AST, ALT, potassium, magnesium, creatinine, bilirubin, etc.
- at room temperature after 10 minutes there is a tendency for glucose concentration to decrease,
- high concentrations bilirubin, lipemia and sample turbidity increase cholesterol values,
- bilirubin of all fractions is reduced by 30-50% if serum or plasma is exposed to direct daylight for 1-2 hours,
- physical activity, fasting, obesity, eating, injury, surgery, intramuscular injections cause an increase in a number of enzymes (AST, ALT, LDH, CPK),
- it should be taken into account that in young animals the activity of LDH, alkaline phosphatase, and amylase is higher than in adults.

Biochemical analysis blood

Urea	5-11 mmol/l	Promotion- Prerenal factors: dehydration, increased catabolism, hyperthyroidism, intestinal bleeding, necrosis, hypoadrenocorticism, hypoalbuminemia. Renal factors: kidney disease, nephrocalcinosis, neoplasia. Postrenal factors: stones, neoplasia, prostate disease
		Decline- Lack of protein in food, liver failure, portocaval anastomoses.
Creatinine	40-130 µm/l	Promotion- Renal dysfunction >1000 cannot be treated
		Decline- Threat of cancer or cirrhosis.
		Proportion- The urea/creatinine ratio (0.08 or less) helps predict the rate of development of renal failure.
ALT	8.3-52.5 u/l	Promotion- Destruction of liver cells (rarely - myocarditis).
		Decline- There is no information.
		Proportion- AST/ALT > 1 - heart pathology; AST/ALT< 1 - патология печени.
AST	9.2-39.5 u/l	Promotion- Muscle damage (cardiomyopathy), jaundice.
		Decline- There is no information.
Alkaline phosphatase	12.0-65.1 µm/l	Promotion- Mechanical and parenchymal jaundice, growth or destruction of bone tissue (tumors), hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism in cats.
		Decline- There is no information.
Creatine kinase	0-130 U/l	Promotion- Sign of muscle damage.
		Decline- There is no information.
Amylase	8.3-52.5 u/l	Promotion- Pathology of the pancreas, fatty liver, high intestinal obstruction, perforated ulcer.
		Decline- Necrosis of the pancreas.
Bilirubin	1.2-7.9 µm/l	Promotion- Unrelated - hemolytic jaundice. Associated - mechanical.
		Decline- There is no information.
Total protein	57.5-79.6 g/l	Promotion- > 70 autoimmune diseases (lupus).
		Decline - < 50 нарушения функции печени.

Hormone research.

Material to be tested: blood serum (at least 0.5 ml for the study of one hormone), do not use PLASMA!

Collection: On an empty stomach, take blood into a clean, dry test tube (test tube with a red cap). Separate the serum immediately, avoid hemolysis!
When repeating tests, take blood only under the same conditions as before.

Storage, delivery: freeze the serum immediately! Re-freezing is excluded. Deliver on the day the material is collected.

Factors influencing results:
- concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) fluctuate throughout the day (max - early morning, min - second half of the day),
- estradiol, testosterone, progesterone, thyrotropin (TSH) - stable in serum at room temperature for 1 day, frozen for 3 days,
- for the study of sex hormones, you should avoid taking estrogens 3 days before donating blood,
- for the study of T4 (thyroxine), exclude drugs with iodine for a month, thyroid drugs for 2-3 days,
- before carrying out the analysis, you need to exclude physical activity and stress,
- lower hormone levels: anabolic steroid, progesterone, glucocorticoids, dexamethasone, ampicillin, etc.,
- increase the level of hormones: ketoconazole, furosemide, acetylsalicylic acid.

Study of the hemostasis system.

Test material: venous blood (serum, plasma), capillary blood. Anticoagulant - sodium citrate 3.8% in a ratio of 1/9 (test tube with blue cap).

Collection: blood is taken on an empty stomach, with a wide bore needle without a syringe. The time for squeezing the vein with a tourniquet should be minimal. The first 2-3 drops merge, because... they may contain tissue thromboplastin. The blood is taken by gravity, slowly mixed in a test tube, DO NOT SHAKE!

Storage, delivery: the study is carried out immediately. Before centrifugation, the tubes are placed in an ice bath.

Factors influencing results:
- the exact ratio of the amount of blood and anticoagulant (9:1) is critical. If the volume of anticoagulant does not correspond to a high hematocrit value, the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) increase,
- heparin, carbenicillin and exposure tissue fluid into the sample (during venipuncture) - increase clotting time,
- prothrombin time is increased by anabolic steroids, antibiotics, anticoagulants, acetylsalicylic acid in large doses, laxatives, nicotinic acid, thiazide diuretics.

Hemogram of cats of different ages and sexes (R.W. Kirk)

Index	Floor	up to 12 months	1-7 years	7 years and older
oscillation	Wed meaning	oscillation	Wed meaning	oscillation	Wed meaning
red blood cells (million/µl)	male female	5,43-10,22 4,46-11,34	6,96 6,90	4,48-10,27 4,45-9,42	7,34 6,17	5,26-8,89 4,10-7,38	6,79 5,84
hemoglobin (g/dl)	male female	6,0-12,9 6,0-15,0	9,9 9,9	8,9-17,0 7,9-15,5	12,9 10,3	9,0-14,5 7,5-13,7	11,8 10,3
leukocytes (thousand µl)	male female	7,8-25,0 11,0-26,9	15,8 17,7	9,1-28,2 13,7-23,7	15,1 19,9	6,4-30,4 5,2-30,1	17,6 14,8
mature neutrophils (%)	male female	16-75 51-83	60 69	37-92 42-93	65 69	33-75 25-89	61 71
lymphocytes (%)	male female	10-81 8-37	30 23	7-48 12-58	23 30	16-54 9-63	30 22
monocytes (%)	male female	1-5 0-7	2 2	71-5 0-5	2 2	0-2 0-4	1 1
eosinophils (%)	male female	2-21 0-15	8 6	1-22 0-13	7 5	1-15 0-15	8 6
platelets (x 10 9 /l)				300-700	500

Biochemical blood test in units. SI (norm for cats, R.W. Kirk)

Main factors	limits of fluctuation
alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) ALT	0-40 U/l
albumen	28-40 g/l
alkaline phosphatase	30-150 U/l
amylase	200-800 U/l
aspartate aminotransferase (AST) AST	0-40 U/l
bile acids (total)	0.74—5.64 µmol/l
bilirubin	2-4 µmol/l
calcium	2.20-2.58 mmol/l
chloride	95 —100 mmol/l
cholesterol	2.58—5.85 mmol/l
copper	11.0—22.0 µmol/l
cortisol	55—280 nmol/l
creatinine kinase	0-130 U/l
Creatinine	50—110 µmol/l
Fibrinogen	2.0-4.0g/l
folic acid	7.93-24.92 nmol/l
glucose	3.9—6.1 mmol/l
iron	14—32 µmol/l
lipids (total)	4.0-8.5 g/l
magnesium	0.80-1.20 mmol/l
phosphorus	0.80-1.6 mmol/l
potassium	3.5—5.0 mmol/l
protein (total)	50-80 g/l
sodium	135—147 mmol/l
testosterone	14.0-28.0 nmol/l
thyroxine	13—51 nmol/l
triglycerides	0.11—5.65 mmol/l
urea	3.6—7.1 nmol/l
vitamin A	3.1 µmol/l
vitamin B^	221 - 516 rmol/l
vitamin E	11.6—46.4 µmol/l
zinc	11.5—18.5 µmol/l

When contacting a local clinic for help, the first procedure that the doctor prescribes is. Cats also take part in this event in mandatory and first of all. In this article we will try to talk about the types of blood tests, what they are needed for, how the results obtained are deciphered and what they tell the doctor.

All information in the article is provided for informational purposes only; under no circumstances should you try to diagnose the disease yourself, much less self-medicate, this can have a detrimental effect on your pet’s health!

There are different types of blood tests for cats.

To diagnose diseases and determine the condition of the body, they carry out blood tests.

There are three most important types tests:
• General blood test in cats.
• Biochemical analysis.
• Hormonal analysis.

In cats, only the first two are most often performed, since they are the most basic. We'll talk about them.

Blood test in cats: rules for donation

Blood test in cats. This event accompanied by certain recommendations that should be followed to obtain accurate test results.

• Blood biochemistry. The analysis is carried out on an empty stomach, because any food produces certain enzymes that can distort the readings. The sample is taken from a vein.
• General blood analysis. Unlike biochemistry, the cat does not need to be starved; the only thing you need to follow when feeding your pet is to avoid the consumption of fatty and new foods in the cat’s diet the day before the analysis. The fence is also taken from a vein.
• Hormone analysis. This procedure has a peculiarity. For full picture A lot of material may be required, which requires more careful preparation of the body before blood collection.

Blood analysis in cats is carried out using special equipment; it is simply impossible to perform this procedure on your own. Our veterinary center "YA-VET" offers a service of taking tests at your home with a doctor visiting. Results of express tests in 15 minutes on site. This will help you save time, avoid standing in line, and also protect you from the stress that a kitten may experience when transported to the veterinary center!

General blood test in cats, meaning and interpretation.

Components that are determined during a general blood test in cats:
• Hematocrit is the percentage of the total number of blood cells.
• Hemoglobin is a protein that ensures the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body.
• Red blood cells - this indicator indicates the number of blood cells containing hemoglobin.
• Color indicator - shows the amount of hemoglobin in one cell, its saturation.
• Leukocytes - these cells are responsible for the state of immunity.
• Neutrophils are derived types and forms of leukocytes.
• Platelets are responsible for blood clotting.

Complete blood count - This test helps doctors find out the levels of blood cells in your pet's body. This most common procedure, because many diseases in cats are diagnosed only after viewing general analysis blood. Below is a diagram that describes the acceptable values ​​for each indicator, and also describes the reasons why they may be overestimated or underestimated.

A diagram of acceptable values ​​​​and an explanation of why a blood test in cats may show deviations

Scheme 1. Analysis of values