Amazing medicinal plants on the territory of Belarus. The best herbal medicinal plants

In the summer, many tend to get out into nature. Even if you just take a walk in the forest, by the river, in the meadow, breathe fresh air, admire the sunset - you will already feel healthier. But at the same time, you can collect not only strawberries or mushrooms for fragrant soup, but also find healing plants. Of course, at least elementary knowledge is needed. Here and in mushrooms you sometimes get confused - where is edible, and where is poisonous, what can we say about the richest herbs. Therefore, before you start collecting medicinal plants, you must at least know them in person. It is also desirable to master at least elementary rules procurement and storage of medicinal raw materials. We hope that our next issue on this topic will also help you navigate the amazing realm of healing flora. We asked experienced specialists from the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences and experienced herbalists to conduct original master classes on the pages of NG. Let's bow to the green healers together, friends!

Tops and roots

Collection of medicinal raw materials - whole science, and here everything must be done according to the rules

Many people think that the preparation medicinal plants- a trifling matter. But in reality, everything is not so simple. Inna Savich, a researcher at the Laboratory of Biodiversity of Plant Resources of the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences, spoke about how to collect and dry plants that are often found in our forests and meadows.

If the buds and bark of trees are harvested in early spring, and seeds, fruits, roots and rhizomes - closer to autumn, then in the summer months, as a rule, leaves, flowers and grass. Above-ground parts of plants (leaves, flowers, grass, fruits) are collected in dry weather after the dew dries up and before the appearance of evening. Roots and rhizomes - throughout the day. It is necessary to collect raw materials only from healthy, well-developed, not damaged by insects or plant diseases. It is not recommended to collect it near large industrial enterprises and on roadsides with heavy traffic (closer than 100 m from the roadside), as well as within large cities, along polluted ditches, reservoirs.

Some types of medicinal plants can cause allergic reactions, dermatitis, inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes, nasopharynx, the specialist recalled. - Therefore, you should not use such drugs without consulting a doctor.

Before use medicinal fees consult with your doctor!

Sandy immortelle

The sunny inflorescences of this frequenter of forests and meadows delight us from June to August. Medicinal raw materials are inflorescences cut before blooming flowers. The tincture is used as cholagogue in acute and chronic diseases of the liver, gallbladder and biliary tract. Inflorescences are cut with scissors or secateurs. Dry them, scattering them in a thin layer in well-ventilated, shady places for two to three weeks, periodically turning over. The grass dried in this way is well stored in ordinary paper bags for 3 years.

Dandelion officinalis

All parts of this plant have healing properties. Young dandelion leaves can be added to salads and soups as a vitamin remedy. But most of all valuable biologically active substances are in its roots. They are used in the form of a decoction, a thick extract as bitterness to enhance the secretion of the digestive glands and as a choleretic agent. They dig up the roots in the fall, at the stage of wilting of the leaves, wash and cut into pieces. Dry in dryers at a temperature of 40-50 degrees or in a slightly heated oven. Drying can be completed when the roots become brittle. Such raw materials can be stored in glass jars, after tying the neck with a linen cloth.

Cornflower blue

It is not only a decoration of bouquets, but also an excellent medicine. For cooking healing infusion and teas from cornflower, marginal flowers are used, plucked from cut flowering baskets. These are mild diuretics for kidney diseases and Bladder. The collected raw materials are laid out in a thin layer on a clean sheet of paper or cotton fabric. Dry by turning constantly. Store dried flowers for about a year in paper bags in a dry place.

pharmaceutical camomile

It's unpretentious annual plant. Chamomile flowers collected at the beginning of flowering have anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties. They are used for making teas, rinses. When collecting flowers, they are cut off manually or cut with scissors. Chamomile can be dried under a canopy in a shaded place, while the raw materials are constantly turned over and made sure that the sun's rays do not fall on it. Chamomile can also be dried in a special home dryer at a temperature of 40 degrees. Dry chamomile is stored in cardboard boxes or tightly sealed glass jars in a dark, dry room. Subject to these rules, chamomile flowers will retain their beneficial properties throughout the year.

hawthorn blood red

Now is the time to start harvesting the flowers of this shrub. They contain biological active substances which have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular system. Flowers are collected at the beginning of flowering in dry weather, quickly delivered to the place of drying and dried under a canopy or in dryers when heated to 40 degrees.

Creeping thyme (creeping thyme)

As a medicinal raw material, a herb is used, collected during the flowering period and dried in the open air in the shade or in dryers at a temperature of 40 degrees. Before packaging, the dried grass is threshed, large stems are removed. It is used as an antispasmodic, expectorant and carminative. The shelf life of raw materials is 2 years.

Potentilla erect (wild galangal)

Rhizomes harvested during the flowering period are used as medicinal raw materials. The decoction is used as an astringent and hemostatic agent for diseases. gastrointestinal tract, in the form of rinses at inflammatory processes oral cavity. Rhizomes are dried in the open air in the shade and in dryers at a temperature of 40 degrees.

Calamus vulgaris (calamus calamus)

This herbaceous perennial is also called cinquefoil, yawar, Tatar grass. Decoctions from the root of this herb are treated eye diseases, toothache. Medicinal raw materials are rhizomes. They are harvested towards the end of summer, throughout autumn or spring. It is used in the form of a decoction as an aromatic bitterness that increases appetite and improves digestion. Dry after preliminary drying in well-ventilated rooms and in attics.

Oregano

Oregano contains a large number of vitamin C, essential oils. The herb of this plant is used as a medicinal raw material. It is used as part of chest, diaphoretic, carminative preparations for colds and other respiratory diseases as an anti-inflammatory and expectorant. But preparations and teas from oregano should never be used during pregnancy! For medicinal purposes, oregano is harvested during flowering (June - August), cutting off leafy tops up to 20 cm long with secateurs. Dry in the shade under awnings or in rooms with good ventilation.

Many people take herbs for treatment different kind diseases, used as prophylactic. Herbs have a more gentle effect on the body than drugs that are created on the basis of synthesized substances. Plants can be found almost everywhere in nature: in the field, in the forest, in the garden, and even brought out at home on the windowsill. But it should be remembered that their use is not a panacea for all diseases and in some cases it is better to use traditional ways treatment. In an article about the most popular medicinal plants, photos and names of their species.

Photos of medicinal plants with names and descriptions

First aid on our windowsill can be called aloe . If you apply the miracle cure correctly, you can get rid of diseases such as arthritis, gastritis, tonsillitis. Also, the flower helps to restore vision. Quite often it is used in dentistry: with stomatitis, acute toothache. You need to put a small piece of leaf on the tooth, and the pain subsides after a while. To relieve inflammation of the gums, you should chew fresh fox several times during the day, rinse your mouth with juice diluted with water.

One of the most effective herbs in therapeutic practice - St. John's wort. For medicinal purposes, the tops of the flower with inflorescences are used. The drug is used orally for intestinal diseases, inflammation in the mouth, throat. It is widely used for burns, for the treatment of wounds and other skin lesions.

There probably isn't one right now. herbal remedy, which would be more useful than nettle . The list of diseases for which the plant can be used is impressive: anemia, bleeding, hemorrhoids, liver disease, asthma, allergies, heart disease, blood vessels, tuberculosis. Often used as a wound healing, diuretic, tonic, vitamin remedy. Externally, the plant is applied to open wounds, skin diseases to strengthen hair growth.

Useful qualities coltsfoot hard to underestimate. The plant helps with colds, kidney and liver diseases. A decoction of the leaves cleanses the scalp, the hair becomes shiny. Infusion of leaves helps with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

From a large number of ailments, therapeutic properties are used dandelion . It is a hematopoietic agent. Recommended for inflammation of the lymph nodes, cancer, hepatic colic, hepatitis.

Unlike many medicines, it does not provoke side effects motherwort . It is used to treat epilepsy, thrombosis, intestinal disorders. Motherwort acts on the body like valerian, but the effect is much better, especially in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders.

One of the most popular plants chamomile . Its composition is unique, makes the flower miraculous. It is used in the treatment of burns, colds, overwork, neuralgic pains. Externally used for washing, hair care, gynecological diseases.

Enjoys great popularity. IN folk medicine applied both internally and externally. On its basis, decoctions, ointments, tinctures are prepared. It has diuretic and choleretic properties. The herb is used as an antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral agent. It is used against the removal of calluses.

Since ancient times, it has been valued as a cure for all diseases. sage . Scientists claim that it increases secretory activity digestive system, promotes the release gastric juice, helps with sweating, strengthens the respiratory tract, has a positive effect on the stomach, intestines.

Medicinal plants for the garden

Today, when there are more and more side effects from the use of traditional medicines, to herbal medicine. And this is not surprising. With the help of herbs, you can improve your health for many years. The cost of such treatment is often much less. The article describes only part of the information about what medicinal plants are, photos and names are given of the most famous.

To get advice on the use of which natural source is required for treatment specific disease, it is better to consult a doctor - a specialist in herbal products. You do not need to take medicinal plants on your own. Some of them have strong action and may cause undesirable effects.

Herbal medicine is the most ancient way fight against all kinds of diseases. For thousands of years of its existence, man has found and studied the healing properties of hundreds of medicinal plants that can help one or another disease. Behind long history, many effective recipes, many of which have survived and are used in folk medicine today.

This section of the site presents many types of medicinal herbs, including field species, with high-quality photographs, the name of each plant and a detailed description of their beneficial properties and methods of application.

Despite the enormous pace of development traditional medicine and all the novelties that it offers pharmaceutical industry, the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of various diseases, still remains relevant and does not lose its popularity. They can be used both for the prevention and treatment of various chronic and acute diseases in any field of medicine.

Medicinal herbs used in traditional medicine can be fresh or dried, applied both externally and internally. Medicinal herbs are much safer for human health than pharmaceuticals. They have fewer contraindications, and side effects on the body.

For treatment use:

tinctures;
decoctions;
extracts;
infusions;
tea fees.

Despite the seeming simplicity and harmlessness, alternative treatment requires knowledge and care. After all, for positive result, medicinal raw materials, must be properly collected. And tinctures, decoctions or extracts made from them are prepared only according to exact recipes. Do not forget about dosages. This is especially true for those drugs that need to be taken orally.

It is advisable, before preparing herbal medicine, to study our website, which indicates healing herbs photos with names, learn about the indications and contraindications of a particular medicinal plant, how to prepare them. We must not forget to carefully examine the raw materials for the medicine itself. It should be free of mold, dirt and other defects.

The section tells about medicinal plants - their places of growth and healing properties, collection and storage rules. You will learn how to take care of these plants, what role they play in human life. Below is a list by name in alphabetical order of the main, in terms of use in medicine, medicinal plants with detailed descriptions, pictures and recommendations for use for the treatment of various diseases.

medicinal plants- an extensive group of plants used in medical and veterinary practice for various kinds diseases for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes. The medicinal properties of medicinal plants are due to the presence in them of certain chemical compounds - the so-called active substances.

Medicinal plants are used in the form of collections, or teas, powders and others, or after processing (see. Dosage forms). Special groups of drugs prepared from medicinal plants at chemical and pharmaceutical plants are products of their primary processing (fatty and essential oils, resins and others), pure (without impurity ballast substances) amounts of active substances, individual chemical compounds and their combinations. Active ingredients are distributed unevenly in medicinal plants. Usually only those parts of the plant where it accumulates are used. maximum amount active substances. The composition and amount of active substances in medicinal plants change throughout the year, with the age of the plant and depending on the conditions of its habitat, temperature, light, air, soil conditions, etc. Many medicinal plants are only of historical interest, as they are currently in medicine are not used.

List of the most important wild and cultivated medicinal plants

Nomenclature of medicinal plants approved for use in medical practice, contains about 160 titles. Preparations or raw materials of 103 of these plants are described in the tenth edition of the State USSR (SFH). Requests for raw materials of medicinal plants are approximately half in terms of tonnage and about 75% in terms of nomenclature are satisfied by collecting wild plants, and the rest - due to cultivated medicinal plants.

A morphological description of annual medicinal plants introduced into the Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences of the Kirghiz SSR is also given, the content of biologically active substances in them is given, the viability of plants in new conditions is described, and some issues of agricultural cultivation are considered.

Recently, interest in herbal medicine has increased, which in turn has increased the number of pickers. However, it is impossible to use medicinal plants without knowing their properties and chemical composition. Many medicinal plants, their distribution and use are described in popular publications. The chemical composition, methods for obtaining certain biologically active substances from plants are considered in scientific papers. Despite the seemingly abundance of well-known medicinal herbs, new ones are being discovered, which are undergoing primary tests in botanical gardens and at experimental stations. Botanical gardens located in various climatic zones of the globe, have collections of certain medicinal plants to study the biological characteristics, medicinal properties and methods of growing these herbs. Thanks to this, new types of medicinal plants are being introduced into the industry. Seeds are the main material for exchange with other botanical gardens and other organizations. Similar work is being done in botanical garden Academy of Sciences of the Kirghiz SSR.

The section contains some information about annual medicinal plants grown in the experimental plot, provides data on some long-known plants, but for some reason forgotten. Most plants synthesize useful material in the above-ground mass - in the grass (chamomile, string, snakehead, fume), in many species, seeds are valuable (coriander, anise, dope, flax, sleeping pills poppy, large plantain, etc.). In some plants, flowers have medicinal properties (calendula officinalis, blue cornflower, etc.).

Our long-term studies show that many introduced plants do not change their chemical composition, and often the quantitative content of active substances is not inferior to the content in wild plants. The study of the chemical composition of medicinal plants was carried out jointly with the laboratory of the Institute of Physiology and Experimental Pathology of High Mountains and the laboratory of natural compounds of the Organic Institute.

All plants are divided into two groups: 1) introduced into scientific medicine and included in pharmacopoeias Soviet Union; 2) used in traditional medicine.

Medicinal plants - types plant organisms used for the manufacture of medicinal and preventive drugs which are used in medical and veterinary practice. vegetable medicines account for more than 30% of all medicines circulating on the world market. In the USSR, about 40% of the medical preparations used are made from plants.

About 2,500 species of plants from the flora of the USSR, including those used in folk medicine, have medicinal value.

The variety of soil and climatic conditions of the USSR makes it possible to introduce into its territory numerous species of foreign medicinal plants of the cold, temperate and subtropical zones.

More than 600 species of plants can be used as raw materials for the chemical and pharmaceutical industry, in the pharmacy network and for export. Of this number, except for secondary medicinal plants, only about 200 species belonging to 70 families are practically used in medicine (mainly of the family Asteraceae, Rosaceae, legumes, labiales, umbrella, nightshade, buckwheat, cruciferous, buttercup). About 70% of the medicinal plants used are used in galenic production, the rest of the species are used in the pharmacy network, homeopathy and are exported.

When harvesting wild and cultivated medicinal plants, as a rule, they collect individual bodies or plant parts.

The collection of medicinal plant materials is carried out at a certain time - during periods of maximum accumulation of active substances. The collected raw materials are usually dried.

In the USSR, a comprehensive study of medicinal plants already known in medicine is being carried out (identifying their reserves, introducing them into culture, increasing productivity and finding ways to reduce the cost of raw materials, establishing best timing collection, conditions for drying and storage of raw materials, preparation of new drugs and dosage forms).

There are searches for new and cheaper sources of plant raw materials to replace already known imported or scarce ones. medical preparations, as well as medicinal plants with new pharmacological and therapeutic effects (the study of their chemical composition, pharmacological activity and therapeutic value, development of technology for the production of drugs and their manufacture).

New medicinal plants and physiologically active substances of plant origin are identified by continuous or selective chemical and pharmacological studies of the flora of individual regions of the USSR. At the same time, information about the use of certain medicinal plants in traditional medicine is taken into account.

In directed searches for a particular compound, species and genera that are phylogenetically close to the plant from which this compound has already been isolated are primarily studied.

So, to date, more than 6000 plant species have been previously studied for the content of alkaloids, over 4000 for the presence of essential oils, for the presence of glycosides cardiac action about 2000 species have been studied, saponins - about 3000, flavonoids - about 1000, coumarins - about 1000 species.

As a result, a large number of individual chemical substances and on their basis many new medicinal preparations have been created.

It is a mistake to assume that useful medicinal plants are found exclusively in the wild. Of course, they are mainly collected in forests and meadows. But with the same success it is possible to grow medicinal herbs in household plots - it goes without saying, when they create conditions close to natural.

Below you can find photos and descriptions of medicinal plants, as well as find out what medicinal herbs are and how they can be grown in your garden.

Forest and meadow medicinal herbs

St. John's wort (HYPERICUM). Animal family.

Speaking about what medicinal herbs are, St. John's wort comes to mind one of the first. It is a rhizomatous herb, but more often a semi-shrub and shrub. Another name for this medicinal herb is Ivanovskaya Grass. It is due to the fact that St. John's wort begins to bloom on Midsummer Day.

The leaves of this herbaceous medicinal plant are whole, hard, in some species - hibernating; flowers solitary or in corymbose inflorescence, golden. Flower growers often use herbs or shrubs.

Kinds:

St. John's wort (H.ascyron)- forest medicinal herb of Siberia and Far East, up to 100 cm high, leaves lanceolate up to 10 cm long.

St. John's wort (H.calycinum)- plant 25 cm high, from the Eastern Mediterranean, oval leaves, large.

St. John's wort (H. gebleri)- a medicinal plant of wet meadows of the Far East, flowers are bright orange, resistant.

St. John's wort (H. olympicum)- dry forests Southern Europe, height 50 cm, in middle lane Russia is not stable, the leaves are narrow-lanceolate, gray, height 25 cm.

St. John's wort (N. perforatum).

Growing conditions. The genus is very diverse in terms of the ecological needs of species; it also includes typical plants of Central Russian meadows - h. perforated, and drought-resistant, heat-loving subshrubs of Southern Europe (s. cup-shaped, s. Olympic).

They are grown in sunny, wind-sheltered locations with well-drained alkaline soils. Drought-resistant.

Reproduction. The division of the bush (spring and late summer) and cuttings. Planting density - 9 pcs. per 1 m2.

Melissa (MELISSA). Family of yasnotkovye (labial).

Melissa officinalis (M. officinalis)- perennial of Southern Europe, forms a dense bush 40-60 cm high from branched dense stems covered with ovate leaves, serrated along the edges. The whole plant is soft-pubescent. The flowers are small, white, in whorls. And if the description of this medicinal plant is unremarkable, then the aroma deserves the highest praise. The plant exudes a very pleasant lemon smell, which is why it is sometimes called lemon mint. Aurea has leaves with yellow spots.

Growing conditions. Sunny and semi-shaded places with rich loose soils.

Reproduction. By seeds (sowing in spring) or by dividing the bush (in spring and late summer). Planting density - 9 pcs. per 1 m2.

Mint (MENTHA). Family of yasnotkovye (labial).

(M. piperita)- perennial from the countries of Southern Europe with a branched hairy stem 60-80 cm high. Leaves ovate, dark green; the shoot ends in a spike-shaped inflorescence with whorls of purple flowers. It grows rapidly due to above-ground stolons.

Growing conditions. Light and semi-shaded places with loose fertile soils.

Reproduction. Segments of rooted stolons. Planting density - 12 pcs. per 1 m2.

Lovage (LEVISTICUM).

Lovage officinalis(L. officinaie)- decorative and deciduous perennial with a thick rhizome. The leaves are shiny, slightly bluish, pinnately dissected, large in the rosette and on the stem. The stem is branched, up to 150 cm high, bears a large umbrella of yellowish flowers. The whole plant has a specific pleasant aroma, therefore it is also used as a flavoring agent.

Growing conditions. Sunny to semi-shaded locations with clayey, rich, moist soils.

Reproduction. Seeds (sowing before winter), dividing the bush (in spring and late summer). Planting density -3 pcs. per 1 m2.

Soapweed (SAPONARIA). Carnation family.

Perennials with creeping rhizomes, grow mainly in the Mediterranean. The flowers are fragrant, collected in a shield.

Kinds:

Soapweed officinalis(S. officinalis)- height 100 cm.

Soapweed basil leaf (S. ocymoides)- height 10 cm.

Growing conditions. Sunny areas with well-drained, light, lime-rich soil. Planting density - 16 pcs. per 1 m2.

Reproduction. Seeds (sowing in spring), summer cuttings.

Briefly about medicinal plants of the forest and meadow

Below you can find a description of the medicinal herbs comfrey, yarrow, echinacea and valerian.

Comfrey (SYMPHYTUM). Borage family.

Perennials with a thick rhizome, 30-100 cm high, from the light forests of Europe, the Caucasus. Stems winged, thick, straight. Leaves petiolate, lanceolate. Plants are covered with stiff hairs. Flowers in drooping inflorescences - a curl.

Kinds:

Comfrey Caucasian (S. caucasicum)- 80-100 cm high, forms a thicket, blue flowers.

Comfrey officinalis (S. officinale)- 50-60 cm high, forms bushes.

Comfrey grandiflorum (S. grandiflorum)- low (30-40 cm) compact bushes.

Growing conditions. Shady and semi-shady places with moist peaty soils.

Reproduction. Seeds (sowing in spring), dividing the bush (spring and late summer). Planting density - 12 pcs. per 1 m2.

Yarrow (ACHILLEA). Aster family (composite).

The genus includes about 100 species found in the meadows of the temperate zone. It attracts attention with its undemanding culture, the ability to grow rapidly and beautiful gray-green, usually pinnate leaves. Small baskets are collected in a corymbose inflorescence (10-20 cm in diameter).

Yarrow(A. millefolium)- with a long branching rhizome, therefore it forms a thicket 70-80 cm high.

Yarrow ptarmica, sneeze weed (A. ptarmica), has a variety with white double flowers - pearl oyster, height - 60 cm.

At "Perry's White" and "The Pearl"- white balls of baskets are collected in a loose brush.

Yarrow meadowsweet (A. filipendulina)- dense bush, 60-100 cm high, leaves are dark green, pinnate; the flowers are bright yellow in dense large corymbs (diameter up to 9 cm).

Yarrow felt (A. tomentosa)- 15-20 cm high, leaves finely dissected, grayish, pressed to the ground, shield of yellow flowers 6-8 cm in diameter.

Growing conditions. Sunny places with any garden soil, grow well on the sands.

reproduction. Seeds (sowing before winter or spring), dividing the bush (spring and autumn). Planting density -5-9 pcs. per 1 m2.

Echinacea (ECHINACEA). Aster family (composite).

Perennial tall (up to 150 cm) herbs with a tap root and dense leafy stems, at the top in July-August with a large pinkish basket. The leaves are oval, pubescent, sharp-toothed along the edge. Three species grow in the grasslands and prairies of the southeast North America.

Most often grown echinacea purpurea (E. purpurea) with a dark pink basket.

Echinacea angustifolia(E. angustifolia) has a smaller and lighter basket.

And at echinacea pale (E. pallida)- reed flowers are narrow, pale pink. The last two species are more dry-loving.

Growing conditions. Sunny places with rich soils.

Reproduction. Seeds (sowing in spring), seedlings bloom in the 2nd year. The division of the bush is carried out in the spring. In one place without division, echinacea can grow up to 15 years. Planting density - 9 pcs. per 1 m2.

Echinacea purpurea will decorate any flower garden, mixborder, and can be grown as separate bushes on the lawn. Often used as a medicinal plant.

Valerian (VALERIANA). Valerian family.

Perennial rhizomatous grasses of meadows and light forests of the temperate zone of Eurasia. They grow both as separate bushes and thickets (species with underground stolons). The flowers are small, in a beautiful openwork inflorescence-brush, the leaves are usually pinnate.

Kinds:

Valerian mountain(V. montana)- bush 40 cm high, pink flowers in bunches.

Valerian officinalis(V. officinalis)-height up to 100 cm, white flowers, pinnate leaves.

Valerian Fori (V. fauriei)- forms thickets 40 cm high.

Valerian lipolifolia(V. tiliifolia)- up to 150 cm high, leaves are large, simple, heart-shaped, white flowers, in corymbose inflorescence.

Growing conditions. Sunny to semi-shaded areas with moderately moist rich soils.

Reproduction. Seeds (sowing in spring and before winter), dividing the bush (in spring), often weed. Planting density -5 pcs. per 1 m2.

If we talk about this medicinal plant briefly, we can define it medicinal properties like sedatives. And in landscape design it is used to create a dense evergreen ground cover on tree trunks, spots on shady rockeries.

Description of the best medicinal herbs

(SALVIA). Family of yasnotkovye (labial).

A large genus (almost 700 species), which includes plants of different life forms, growing all over the world. All of them contain essential oils, grow in warm habitats. The leaves are ovate, the stems are branched, the final inflorescence is a brush of medium-sized helmet-shaped flowers.

Kinds:

Clary sage(S.glutinosa)- semi-shrub up to 100 cm high, from the forests of Southern Europe, pale yellow flowers.

meadow sage(S. pratensis)- height 70-80 cm, blue flowers.

Sage rejected(S. patens)- height 70 cm, blue flowers.

oak sage (S. nemorosa)- height 60 cm, purple flowers.

Salvia officinalis(S. officinalis)- height 50 cm.

Growing conditions. It is one of the best medicinal plants that prefers sunny areas (except glutinous sage) with fertile, well-drained soils.

Reproduction. Seeds (spring), dividing the bush (spring and late summer). Planting density - 9 pcs. per 1 m2.

Zubyanka (DENTARIA). Cabbage family (cruciferous).

Perennial herbs 15-20 cm high with a long beaded rhizome and dark green leaves, large pink and crimson flowers. Typical early spring forest ephemeroids, ending the growing season already in June. Attractive in that in the spring they form a bright pink flowering carpet. They bear fruit. They form self-seeding.

Kinds:

Zubyanka Tuberous(D. bulbifera)- a plant of the Caucasus with fawn flowers.

Zubyanka glandular (D. glandulosa)- from the Carpathians, with large crimson flowers.

Zubyanka five-leafed (D. quinquefolia)- from the forests of Europe, pink flowers.

Growing conditions. Shaded areas under tree canopy with forest soils, moderate moisture.

Reproduction. Seeds (sowing freshly harvested) and segments of rhizomes (after the end of flowering). Planting density - 25 pcs. per 1 m2.

Initial letter (BETONICA). Family of yasnotkovye (labial).

About 15 species growing in the meadows of the temperate zone. Short-rhizomatous herbs, forming decorative dense bushes from rosettes of ovate, crenate leaves along the edge.

Kinds:

Capital letter large-flowered - large-flowered chistets (B. macrantha = B. grandiflora = Stachys macranthus) height 50-60 cm, beautiful leaves and dark pink large flowers.

Initial letter medicinal (B. officinalis)- more tall plant(80-90 cm), flowers are smaller.

Growing conditions. Sunny places with fertile soils and moderate moisture.

Reproduction. By dividing the bush (spring and late summer) and seeds (sowing before winter). Seedlings bloom in the third year. Planting density -12 pcs. per 1 m2.

Burnet (SANGUISORBA). Rosaceae family.

Short-rhizome perennials from wet meadows of the temperate zone of Eurasia.

Kinds:

Burnet officinalis (S. officinaiis)- 80-100 cm high, dark red flowers.

Burnet splendid (S. magnifica)- height 80-90 cm, large pinkish-crimson flowers.

Small burnet (S. minor)- height 40 cm, graceful inflorescences, red flowers, openwork plant.

Growing conditions. Sunny to semi-shaded areas with fertile, moist soils.

Reproduction. Seeds (sowing in autumn), dividing the bush (spring and late summer). Planting density - 5 pcs. per 1 m2.

Perennial medicinal herbs with photos and descriptions

Below are photos and descriptions of medicinal herbs of elecampane, zopnik and cuff:

Elecampane (INULA). Aster family (composite).

Perennial herbaceous species (about 200), widely distributed in meadows and light forests in the temperate zone of Eurasia. The rhizomes are thick, powerful, the root system is deep. The basal leaves are large heart-shaped, oval, the stems are straight, slightly branched (except for the magnificent elecampane), the flowers are large yellow "chamomiles".

Kinds:

Elecampane magnificent(I. magnifica = I. orientalis)- up to 150 cm high, branched stem, basket -15 cm in diameter in rare shields, sprawling bush.

Elecampane high (I. helenium)- the stems are slightly branched, 150-200 cm high, the leaves are elliptical, the baskets are 6 cm in diameter, the bush is cylindrical in shape.

Elecampane mechelistny(I. ensifolia)- 30 cm high, narrow leaves, basket 4 cm, "Compacta" variety - 20 cm high.

Growing conditions. Sunny places with any garden soil and medium moisture. Resistant perennials.

Reproduction. Seeds (sowing in spring), dividing the bush (in spring). Elecampane is a perennial medicinal herb that lives without transplants and division for 8-10 years. Planting density of large plants - 3 pcs. per 1 m2; elecampane swordtail - 12 pcs.

Zopnik (PHLOMIS). Family of yasnotkovye.

Perennial herbs (about 100 species) with a thick rhizome or taproot, rough leaves, flowers are collected in false whorls, forming a spike-shaped inflorescence.

Kinds:

Zopnik Russela(P. russeliana)- 90 cm high, flowers are yellowish-pinkish.

Zopnik tuberous (P. tuberosa)- 50-70 cm high, purple flowers.

Zopnik meadow (P. pratensis)- 50-70 cm high, pink flowers.

Cuff (ALCHEMILLA). Rosaceae family.

Pay attention to the photo of this medicinal herb - the cuff has a short rhizome and a rosette of rounded, often fluffy, bright green leaves that form a spherical bush. At the height of summer, loose openwork inflorescences of small yellow flowers rise above them. Flowering is abundant and long.

Kinds:

Alpine cuff(A. aipina)- with trifoliate dense leaves and small inflorescences.

Red-leafed cuff (A. erythropoda)- with gray-green dense leaves, 30 cm high.

Soft cuff(A.moiiis)- the most beautiful, stable, undemanding cuff. Her leaves are rounded, fluffy, pale green with a wavy edge, up to 6 cm in diameter. Peduncles numerous, up to 60-70 cm high.

Growing conditions. Sunny and semi-shaded areas with loose fertile neutral soils and moderate moisture. Does not tolerate stagnant moisture.

Reproduction. Seeds (sowing in spring) and dividing the bush (spring and late summer). Easily tolerates division and transplantation. Planting density - 5 bushes per 1 m2.

One of the most colorful, consistently decorative and interesting plants in mixed flower beds. The cuff looks good in the flower beds of the style " natural garden»and in mixborders along with cornflower, geyhera, cornflowers, coreopsis, etc. It is used to decorate bouquets, giving them lightness and delicacy.

Medicinal herbs and their cultivation

Thyme, thyme, Bogorodskaya grass (THYMUS). Family of yasnotkovye (labial).

A large genus (about 400 species) of herbaceous perennials and subshrubs with recumbent or ascending woody stems and straight, upwardly directed peduncles. Grow on rocks in the southern regions of Eurasia. The leaves are small, oval, opposite, leathery, usually hibernating. Due to the recumbent, rooting shoots, the plants grow rapidly, forming low, dense "mats" and "pillows" (10-30 cm high), exuding a pleasant aroma. In the middle of summer, numerous heads of inflorescences of small flowers appear.

Kinds:

Thyme lemon-scented (Th. citriodorus).

thyme (T. vulgaris)- height 5-15 cm, leaves with bottom side pubescent.

creeping thyme (T. serpillum)- Leaves are larger than other species.

Growing conditions. Sunny places with light, well-drained soil, neutral to alkaline. Grows on the sands.

Reproduction. By dividing the bush (in spring and at the end of summer), by seeds (sowing before winter), cuttings (in spring). Planting density - 25 pcs. per 1 m2.

Used as a carpet plant in mixed flower beds, in rockeries and on paths among tiles. Looks good in containers.

Hellebore (VERATRUM). Melantiev family (lily).

Tall (100-150 cm) herbaceous perennials growing in meadows and steppes of the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Powerful short rhizome and deep roots. Stems, straight, thick, hard, folded along the veins, elliptical beautiful leaves. The flowers are small, open, in a large paniculate inflorescence. All species are similar in appearance.

Kinds:

Hellebore white (V album)- flowers are whitish-greenish.

Hellebore Californian(V. californicum)- white flowers with green veins.

Hellebore black (V. nigrum)- flowers are blackish-brown.

Growing conditions. Sunny areas with rich soils, moisture-loving, but tolerate drought well.

Reproduction. Seeds (sowing in spring), seedlings bloom in the 5-6th year. By dividing the bush (in spring), the delenki slowly grow, often die. Planting density - 5 pcs. per 1 m2.

Chernogolovka (PRUNELLA). Family of yasnotkovye (labial).

Perennials with creeping rhizome, erect low (25-40 cm) stem; leaves are entire, with an uneven edge; flowers in false whorls in capitate inflorescence.

Kinds:

Chernogolovka large-flowered(P. grandiflora)- height 25 cm.

Chernogolovka Webb (P. xwebbiana)- purple flowers.

Chernogolovka ordinary (P. vulgaris)- flowers are reddish.

Growing conditions. Sunny to slightly shaded areas with garden, moderately moist soils.

Reproduction. The division of the bush (spring and late summer). Planting density - 16 pcs. per 1 m2. Able to form thickets, weeds.

Euphorbia (Euphorbia). Euphorbia family.

Large genus - about 2000 species, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the globe, but there are species in the temperate zone. Their height, leaf shape and type of root system are different, but they are distinguished by original flowers.

Look at the photo of this medicinal plant: small flowers are collected in an inflorescence surrounded by a common veil in the form of a glass (which seems to be a flower), and the “glasses” are collected in complex umbrella-shaped inflorescences with wrappers. In general, all this gives the impression of a “flying”, openwork yellowish inflorescence.

In sunny dry places - spurge cypress (E. cyparissias)- undersized (15-20 cm) plant of the steppes with narrow bluish leaves, densely located on lodging stems.

In sunny places with rich soils - spurge multicolor(E. poiychroma), forming a tall bush (50-60 cm) from densely leafy woody shoots.

In the shadow - spurge longhorn (E. macroceras) with a high stem (up to 100 cm) and scaly spurge (E. squamosa) 20-30 cm high with a spherical through bush.

Growing conditions. Euphorbia can grow in a wide variety of conditions, depending on the ecological characteristics of the species, but always on well-drained soils.

Reproduction. By seeds (sowing in spring) or by dividing the bush (in spring and late summer).

Easily form self-seeding, capable of weeding. Planting density - 5 pcs. per 1 m2.

The eryngium (ERYNGIUM). Celery (umbrella) family.

About 230 species are known, growing on almost all continents. But in culture, perennial herbs are often grown with leathery, whole or dissected leaves, along the edge - prickly. The flowers are small, blue, located in the axils of the bracts and collected in a capitate inflorescence, surrounded by hard, prickly leaves of the involucre. Magnificent in their originality and exoticism. Fruit profusely.

Kinds:

Alpine eryngium(E. alpinum) - 70 cm high, an interesting wrapper of bluish, upcurved leaves.

Amethyst eryngium (E. amethystinum)- amethyst blue wrapper.

Burg's erysipelas (E. bourgatii)- 30-40 cm high, leathery leaves with a white pattern.

eryngium flat-leaved (E. planum)- a plant of the steppes of Europe and Asia, the stems are bluish, capitate inflorescences are small, bluish.

Growing conditions. Sunny areas with loose, poor, sandy or rocky soils.

Reproduction. Seeds (before winter) or dividing the bush (spring and late summer). Planting density - 5 pcs. per 1 m2.

Wormwood (ARTEMISIA). Aster family (composite).

Large genus (more than 250 species). Of the numerous species cultivated mainly subshrubs and perennials with fragrant silvery leaves, pubescent or tomentose. The flowers are inexpressive, colorless, so it is better to cut the flower stalks.

Kinds. In central Russia, the most decorative and stable:

Wormwood Pursha (A. purchiana)- forms a cover of straight stems with silvery elongated whole leaves, responds well to constant pruning, can be planted in borders.

Steller's Wormwood (A. steieriana) - low plant with spatulate leaves, forming a dense spot, sometimes the leaves hibernate.

Wormwood Louis(A. iudoviciana)- with narrow, lanceolate leaves.

Wormwood Schmidt (A. schmidtiana), especially interesting is the form "Nana" 15-20 cm high with rounded, heavily indented leaves.

Growing conditions. Artemisia are undemanding plants that grow well in full sun with any soil, especially well-drained sandy alkaline substrates.

Reproduction. By dividing the bush (in spring and at the end of summer), by seeds (sowing in spring). Planting density - 9 pcs. per 1 m2.

Description of the best medicinal plants and their photos

In this chapter, you can find a description of such medicinal herbs and plants as rhubarb, cat's foot, cyanosis, flaxseed and mullein.

Rhubarb (RHEUM). Buckwheat family.

A powerful perennial with a multi-headed rhizome, from which large, rounded, five to seven lobed light green leaves extend on long fleshy ribbed reddish petioles.

At the end of spring, a powerful peduncle (height up to 150 cm) rises above the rosette of leaves, bearing a large panicle of small whitish-yellow flowers. Grows in the meadows of Eurasia.

Kinds. In culture, more often use:

Rhubarb (Rh. palmatum) And R. Tangut (Rh. tanguticum) with more deeply dissected leaves.

Black Sea rhubarb (Rh. rhaponticum)- dense glossy leaves.

Growing conditions. Well-lit and semi-shaded areas with deep fertile garden soils and normal moisture.

Reproduction. Seeds (sowing before winter) and dividing the bush (in spring and late summer). Planting density - single.

cat paw, antennaria (ANTENNARIA). Aster family (composite).

Low (5-10 cm) dioecious plants from the pine forests of Europe and North America. The leaves are densely pubescent, white-tomentose, wintering, collected in a rosette. They grow by creeping shoots. Flower baskets are small, rounded, in a capitate inflorescence.

Kinds. Cat's foot dioecious (A. dioica) has the form:

Tomentosa- more densely pubescent; Rubra- with red-pink flowers; Minima- 5 cm high.

Rosea- with pink flowers; Antenaria sun-loving(A. aprica)- 10-15 cm high.

Growing conditions. Sunny areas with poor slightly acidic dry sandy soils. On ordinary garden soils, it will quickly grow and lose its decorative effect.

Reproduction. By dividing a bush or a plot of a creeping shoot (in spring or late summer). Plant densely -36 pcs. per 1 m2.

On poor sandy soils, it creates a low, slow-growing, but stably decorative, silvery ground cover.

Blue (POLEMONIUM). Blue family.

Cross-rooted perennials, grow in light forests of the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Bushes from 25 to 50 cm tall, leaves are decorative, wintering; flowers are numerous, collected in inflorescence-brush, blue.

Kinds:

Creeping cyanosis(P. reptans)- 30 cm high.

cyanosis blue (P. caeruleum)- 60 cm high.

Growing conditions. Light or semi-shaded areas with normal garden soils. A very undemanding plant.

reproduction. Seeds (sowing before winter), dividing the bush (in spring, at the end of summer). Self-seeding possible. Planting density - 9 pcs. per 1 m2.

Flaxseed (LINARIA). Norichnikov family.

Perennials from the Mediterranean with narrow leaves and two-lipped flowers with a spur in a racemose inflorescence. Plants are graceful, low (40-50 cm).

Kinds:

Dalmatian flax (L. daimatica)- yellow flowers.

common flax (L. vuigaris)- yellow flowers.

Macedonian flax (L. macedonica)- pubescent plant, yellow flowers.

Flax purple (L. purpurea)- flowers are red.

Growing conditions. Sunny areas with loose sandy dry soils.

Reproduction. Seeds (sowing in spring) and dividing the bush (in spring). Planting density - 20 pcs. per 1 m2.

Mullein (VERBASCUM). Norichnikov family.

Plants of open dry places in Europe and the Mediterranean. Biennials and perennials from 50 to 150 cm high, basal leaves are large, on petioles; the stem is straight, with sessile whole pubescent leaves. The flowers are wheel-shaped, small, in a branched large inflorescence. A magnificent plant that provides the architecture of a flower garden.

Kinds: