Spongy body. Cavernous body
Cavernous (cavernous) body is a structural part of the penis. The cavernous bodies (right and left) are cylindrical and located inside the penis. The spongy (spongiform) body of the penis is subject to the ventral surface of the cavernous bodies, parallel to them.
Anatomically, in the cavernous body there are:
(1) apex (apex) - distal part;
(2) middle part;
(3) leg - proximal part.
In the apical part, the cavernous bodies are covered by the glans penis, which is part of the spongy body. At the pubic joint in the proximal part, the cavernous bodies diverge downward and backward parallel to the descending (sciatic) branches of the pubic bones, to which they are attached by ligaments. In the area of the pubic joint, the cavernous bodies are attached to the bones with the help of an unpaired funnel-shaped ligament. Cavernous bodies can be felt in the form of rollers on the right and left inside the penis.
The main function of the cavernous bodies- Ensuring an erection of the penis (increase in size and hardening of the penis during sexual arousal).
Cavernous body consists of cavernous tissue surrounded by a tunica albuginea. Cavernous tissue has a cellular structure. Each cavity (cell) has the ability to change its internal volume by changing the tone of the smooth muscle elements (trabecular muscles) that make up the structure of the cavity walls. Blood enters the caverns through arterioles that branch radially from the cavernous artery, located centrally inside the cavernous body. During sexual arousal, in response to the release of a mediator (NO - nitric oxide), due to the relaxation of the trabecular muscles and muscles of the walls of the cavernous arteries, an increase in the lumen of the cavernous arteries and the volume of cavities occurs. The increase in blood flow to the cavernous tissue and the filling of the cavities with a large volume of blood leads to an increase in the total volume of the cavernous tissue (tumescence or swelling of the penis). Normally, the outflow of blood from the cavernous tissue is carried out through the venous plexuses located directly under the albuginea. When preloaded venous plexuses to the albuginea due to an increase in the volume of the cavernous tissue during tumescence (the basis of the veno-occlusive mechanism), there is a decrease in the outflow of blood from the cavernous bodies, leading to the appearance of a hard erection. At the end of sexual activity (usually after ejaculation), the release of norepinephrine, a sympathetic mediator that increases the tone of the trabecular muscles, leads to the disappearance of an erection (detumescence) in the reverse order of the appearance of an erection. Insufficient blood flow to the cavernous bodies, excessive outflow venous blood from the cavernous bodies, damage to the nerves that conduct signals for the appearance of an erection, as well as damage to the cavernous tissue leads to a deterioration in the quality of an erection up to its total absence ().
The albuginea of the cavernous body is a case of the cavernous bodies and consists of an elastic connective tissue. During an erection, the albuginea, evenly stretching into different directions, provides a symmetrical enlargement of the penis. congenital disorders elasticity of the protein membrane, cicatricial changes after injuries of the penis and the formation of fibrous plaques on the tunica albuginea, with can lead to curvature of the penis during erection.
Cavernous or cavernous bodies(eng. corpora cavernosa) - these are the structural parts of the erectile tissue of the penis, covered with a dense protein (fibrous) capsule. The key function of the corpora cavernosa is blood-filling, they contain the prevailing part of the blood volume in the penis of a man during an erection.
Anatomy
Two corpora cavernosa, along with a spongy (spongiform) body, through which the urethra passes, form the male penis. Corpora cavernosa are located along the entire length of the organ, from pubic bone up to the head. They consist of porous tissue, including blood-filled spaces, of various sizes (larger in the center than at the periphery), lined with an endothelial layer and delimited by connective tissue septa, the so-called trabeculae. Trabeculae contain numerous nerves and arteries. All three bodies are surrounded by muscles that hold male organ during erection and contracting during ejaculation.
Physiological features
At sexual arousal the release of NO leads to relaxation of the three bodies of the penis. The tissues are filled with blood from the arteries along the entire length of the male genital organ. A small volume of blood enters the spongy body, and the remainder (about 90 percent) fills the corpora cavernosa, which expand both in width and length. Unlike the cavernous bodies, the spongy remains soft even during intercourse, otherwise it would squeeze the urethra and become a hindrance to ejaculation. Blood is able to leave the erectile tissue only through the drainage system of venous vessels around the outer wall of the cavernous body. The swollen spongy tissue presses the surrounding protein capsule, as a result of which the veins constrict, preventing the outflow of blood. The penis becomes hard, but its head remains softer, since its shell is thinner than in the cavernous bodies. This minimizes the possibility of injury to the female genital organs during coitus.
Diseases and injuries
The pathologies of the cavernous bodies include:
- cavernous fibrosis (tissue sclerosis);
- Peyronie's disease (aka fibroplastic induration of the penis);
- incomplete absence of corpora cavernosa (very rare).
- Rough sexual intercourse can lead to rupture of the cavernous bodies under the skin, the so-called. "penis fracture".
Cavernous bodies in the clitoris
The body of the female clitoris contains erectile tissue in the form of a pair of corpora cavernosa. However, the clitoris does not have a spongy body, unlike the penis, and the urethra is located separately - behind the female genital organ. Cavernous bodies provide the clitoris with the opportunity to achieve an erection, but it is relatively small and not intended for sexual penetration. During the period of sexual arousal, blood fills the cavernous bodies. This causes extrusion of the glans clitoris and increases sensitivity to physical contact.
| Anatomy of the human reproductive system | ||
|---|---|---|
| Reproductive system of a man | Cavernous bodies | |
The physiology of the males is very interesting, especially when it comes to them. intimate areas. For example, in order for the penis of a man to become elastic, to increase, the so-called cavernous or cavernous bodies must take part in this process. This component of the body, at the time of blood flow to the male member, expands quite strongly and it is due to this that the member increases in terms of length and volume.
If not everyone has yet understood what these bodies are, how they look and function, then this topic should be considered in more detail. Knowing all about male physiology, you can try to make sure that everything is fine with the sexual health of a man of any age.
Not all guys, and even more so women, have a sufficient idea of \u200b\u200bwhat such physiological units as cavernous bodies are. So, under such an unusual and interesting name one of the building blocks of the male penis is located.
Without the presence of these bricks, erection function would be impossible in practical life, and if we describe them a little closer, we can say the following about such important building units:
- in the male genital organ, there are quite a few structural units of this type;
- in each such structure there is a quite large number of active nerve roots or endings;
- through the cavernous bodies pass large blood vessels, namely arteries;
- this component is plastic, flexible, thanks to which it has the opportunity to significantly increase in volume;
- expansion of this part of the male intimate organ may take place thereafter. how blood rushes to the penis, specific nerve impulses come from the brain;
- from the inside, each element of this type resembles a sponge in structure, the erectile tissues of which are successfully built from epithelial cells;
- the cavernous body is built from the upper distal part, the middle and the proximal lower part - the legs.
Structure and properties
As mentioned above, these bodies of representatives of a strong part of humanity consist of three parts. Top part called distal, the middle consists of epithelial fibers and tends to stretch, resembles a sponge. Bottom part, or as it is scientifically called, the leg is proximal. The main purpose of these constituent parts of the intimate organ is erectile function.
It is their properties that allow stretching that are responsible for elasticity, as well as an increase in terms of length and volume of the male penis. These structural units have a composition in the form of elastic fibers, as well as muscle cells, which are closely intertwined and form cells that fill with blood, in the process of sexual arousal, make the male intimate organ become large and elastic.
What increases the cavernous bodies in the penis?
What is the so-called cavernous body and what is its role, many men and women have already been able to fully understand. But not everyone has an idea of what exactly helps to increase these units in volume. So, the cavernous body of the penis becomes much larger due to the fact that it contains separate cells that have the ability to expand. When the trabecular fibers change tone, blood rushes to the cells of the cavernous bodies and fills them completely, which gives green light expansion.
The process of stretching these male specific bodies follows the following algorithm:
- sexual desire contributes to the production of nitric oxide in the body of an adult male;
- under the above nitrogen components, the trabecular fibers relax;
- a sufficiently large amount of unfilled space is formed between the arterioles;
- a rush of blood gets a chance to completely fill the cells of the cavernous bodies;
- cavernous tissues begin to grow and due to this there is a significant increase in these bodies.
Note! In order for such a structural unit of the body to perform its functions well, it can be stimulated with the help of essential oils, which provide positive action on reproductive system men.
Essential oils for enlargement of the cavernous bodies
Cavernous bodies are an important structural unit of the structure of the intimate organ, which is responsible for its increase in terms of length and volume. To increase this structural part, experts often advise using different essential oils. They penetrate deep into the capillaries, it is due to this that they increase blood flow to the male penis, which causes the cavernous bodies to stretch as much as possible. To increase the volume of the cavernous bodies, experts recommend using oils of the following varieties purchased at the pharmacy:
- anise and mint;
- brown and amaranth;
- ginseng oil.
Do you use essential oils to maintain men's health?
YesNo
The choice is really rich, but you should not immediately run to the pharmacy, buy and actively use these essential oils. Before applying essential oil to the penis, a man should test for sensitivity and the absence of allergies. To do the test, you just need to apply a small amount of oil on the elbow or wrist area, leave it for a day. If there was no itching, redness and rashes, then this natural oil can be safely used.
Why enlarge the cavernous bodies?
Spongy erectile tissue, which is inside the presented structural unit, has the ability to expand them, after the blood rushes. It is due to this process that the male genital organ lengthens, becomes elastic. Based on this, we can conclude that it is worth increasing this building unit for the following reasons:
- so that the potency is always good;
- so that the penis can become as elastic as possible;
- so that sexual contact lasts quite a long time, brings maximum pleasure.
If these specific bodies do not become sufficiently voluminous, then the sexual organ will not be as elastic as possible, which will adversely affect the sexual life of a man. Of course, making a mistake in bed is something unacceptable, so you need to make sure that the cavernous bodies expand well.
How to enlarge the cavernous bodies: the main ways
How to increase the cavernous bodies, I would like to know all the representatives of the male part of society. Effective ways, which will help to fulfill this mission, exist. And so, to give volume to the cavernous bodies, you can massage the penis with essential oils or use the following methods:
- application of a special technique physical training- capture and stretching;
- conducting surgical intervention- plastic;
- frequent stimulation of blood flow to the sexual organ, which occurs due to watching erotic films and other similar practices;
- the use of special medications.
And so, there are many ways to achieve an increase in the cavernous bodies, and, accordingly, the penis, but if there is no urgent need to use them, then you can only do exercises and essential oils.
conclusions
Cave bodies in men are responsible for the increase in the penis and its elasticity. If they function normally, then there will be no problems in sexual life. In order for the cavernous bodies to perform their functions as long as possible, you need to stimulate them with essential oils or by performing special exercises. If a man treats his intimate health carefully then sex life he will be at his best for a long time, delighting the macho himself and his partner.
Cavernous body of the penis: structure, functions, injuries, treatment, injections
The content of the article:The male penis is one of the most important organs V male body. It is responsible for several functions at once: urinary and reproductive. The cavernous body of the penis is one of the main functionally active units that plays the shaping, skeletal and erectile functions in this body. It is the cavernous bodies that form the spongy body of the penis and form the body of the male penis. Since the cavernous bodies occupy a large part of the volume of the tissues of the penis, many diseases of the external male genital organs are associated precisely with impaired functioning in the cavernous bodies.
Anatomical features and structure
The structure of the cavernous body implies a complex connection of small cells, with histological examination resembling small caves or caverns. By the way, speaking of medical language, cavernous bodies are called - cavernous.
The cavernous bodies form two longitudinal formations that form the body and the root of the male penis; at the base of the penis, the cavernous bodies merge into unified education, which has a groove in which the spongy body of the penis is formed and fixed. Outside, the cavernous bodies of the male penis are covered with a protein membrane, mainly consisting of connective tissue without smooth muscle inclusions.
The albuginea, despite its small thickness, has high strength and elasticity, which allows you to give the penis desired shape. The spongy body is not covered with a protein membrane and passes along bottom surface body of the penis, ending in the head of the penis. In the thickness of the spongy body passes the urethral canal, which ends on the glans penis with an external urethra. Special trabeculae, or, in other words, beams, extend from the albuginea into the thickness of the cavernous bodies, which divide the cavernous bodies into small segments. The deeper into the thickness of the cavernous bodies the trabeculae depart, the more smooth muscle fibers depart from them, which divide the segments of the cavernous bodies into small cells. The cellular structure is just responsible for blood filling during an erection.
Microscopically, the spongy and cavernous bodies resemble a complex system of lacunae and caverns that expand and fill with blood when the smooth muscle elements of the trabeculae contract. The blood supply of the cavernous bodies occurs due to the deep celiac artery, which branches into arterioles and small capillaries that flow into the caverns of the cavernous bodies. A feature of the vessels located in the male penis is a thickened muscle layer, due to additional muscle fibers extending from the trabeculae. When an erection occurs, these muscle fibers contract and block the lumen of the capillaries anastomosing with the cavernous bodies, which leads to their blood filling and stretching, which visually leads to an increase in the volume of the penis, mainly in length.
Functional Features
A little higher we explained in in general terms how an erection is formed based on the anatomical features of the structure of the penis, however, an erection is not only the result of an active contraction of smooth muscle fibers of the vessels of the penis, but also a complex neuro-hormonal mechanism. The filling of the cavernous bodies occurs both due to the inflow arterial blood, and as a result of spasm venous system penis, which leads to the accumulation of blood inside the penis of a man and an increase in the size of the organ.
The lacunae and caverns of the cavernous bodies are distinguished by a high degree of elasticity, which allows them to actively stretch and increase their internal volume, which is several times greater than that in the non-erect state. The absence of a protein membrane in the spongy body provides normal functioning urinary function, since there is no clamping of the urethral canal. Also, during an erection, there is no clamping of the lumen of the urethra, which allows the process of ejaculation to proceed normally, since the spongy body remains soft throughout the erection.
Pathological conditions
Exists great amount urological diseases, which, to one degree or another, are manifested due to the pathology associated with the anatomical structure or functioning of the cavernous bodies of the penis. Among the most common diseases, two categories can be distinguished: diseases associated with penile deformity, and erectile dysfunction. Diseases can be congenital anomalies development, and acquired as a result of injuries, infectious and inflammatory diseases and the use of certain medications.
Peyronie's disease
One of the most common in urological practice problems is the curvature or deformation of the external male genitalia. At the moment when the penis is in an unexcited state, the curvature can be practically imperceptible, however, when an erection occurs and blood filling of the cavernous bodies, the penis begins to curve, which leads to mechanical difficulties during sexual intercourse. Not to mention psychological discomfort experienced by a man during intercourse.
Peyronie's disease with sufficiently active movements can also lead to additional traumatization of the cavernous bodies, which only aggravates the pathological condition.
Visually, the disease manifests itself in the form of characteristic plaques on the surface of the body of the penis. Plaques are formed by dense fibrous connective tissue, which is formed due to constant microtrauma of the albuginea. In the future, the plaques undergo calcification - the deposition of calcium crystals inside, which leads to their wrinkling and compaction and increases the deformation of the body of the penis. As a result, these plaques lead to disruption of the normal blood supply to the cavernous bodies and erectile dysfunction of an organic nature. Typically, plaques form on upper surface or back of the penis, which causes it to fold upward during erection.
penis injury
Often there are cases when, during too active movements during sexual intercourse, trauma to the cavernous bodies occurs or even a fracture of the penis. But if a fracture is a severe and acutely developing pathological condition, then traumatization of the cavernous bodies without their rupture may, at first glance, not be such an obvious problem.
A fracture of the cavernous body or a fracture of the penis occurs more often in a position when the partner is on top and does too much active movements. When exposed to the penis physical strength at the moment when the penis is erect, there is a rupture of the albuginea and a fracture of the cavernous body. This state accompanied by the occurrence of instantaneous subcutaneous hemorrhage with the development of an extensive hematoma and deformation of the body of the penis. A fracture of the penis requires immediate medical attention, as the risk of complications in the future is very high.
With minor injuries or tears, hemorrhage into the penis and deformation does not occur, but after a while a condition such as fibrosis of the cavernous bodies is formed.
Cavernous fibrosis
Cavernous fibrosis develops in men of any age with a predisposition to fibrosis. The fibrosis process is very slow. In the course of the progression of the pathological condition, there is a gradual replacement of the elastic tissue of the cavernous bodies with rigid connective tissue strands that do not have sufficient elasticity and elasticity. Ultimately, with advanced fibrosis of the cavernous bodies, sclerosis of the cavernous bodies occurs, which entails a persistent loss of erection of the male penis.
The most common cause of the progression of fibrosis of the cavernous bodies is a condition with a pathologically long erection - priapism. Excessive duration of erection leads to overstretching of the walls of the cavernous bodies and their local inflammation. Inflammation of the cavernous bodies leads to vascular spasm and a decrease in the trophism of the tissues of the male penis, which leads to a loss of elasticity and restructuring of the cellular components of the cavernous bodies with a predominance of fibrous connective tissue. With the development of fibrosis, the visually external male genital organs are somewhat deformed, the penis becomes unusually dense and decreases in size.
erectile disfunction
Most frequent condition that makes a man seek advice and medical care to a specialist urologist or sexologist. Erectile dysfunction of the penis may be associated with pathology in anatomical structure cavernous bodies, which leads to functional insufficiency Or it could be a psychological issue. In the second case, erectile dysfunction does not occur as a result of pathology from the cavernous bodies and can be quite easily corrected, but in the case of organic lesion tissues of the cavernous bodies, things are more serious.
Erectile dysfunction may occur due to impaired sensitivity and innervation of the lacunar and trabecular systems, which are responsible for the blood filling of the cavernous and spongy bodies during erection. In other cases, blood supply is disturbed due to severe deformation of the cavernous bodies and violations of the albuginea.
In any case, erectile dysfunction leads to a persistent impossibility of sexual intercourse, which makes a man functionally infertile.
Treatment
Treatment pathological conditions associated with anatomical features or the incorrect functioning of the cavernous bodies can be completely different. Treatment can be conservative, surgical and combined. In some cases, in the absence of pathology, consultation with a psychotherapist or sexologist can help. Treatment of cavernous bodies is a complex process that requires endurance and patience from a man.
Medical therapy
Conservative treatment consists in prescribing drugs to a man that affect the formation and metabolic processes in the connective tissue of the body. Drugs can be either systemic or local action. Local preparations are often used, which increase metabolism in the tissues of the penis and help to increase the elasticity of the walls of the cavernous bodies. Apply drugs, including anti-inflammatory, enzymatic substances that can increase the elasticity of the connective tissue.
With traumatization of the albuginea and hemorrhage in the subcutaneous region of the body of the penis, it is also possible conservative treatment, which consists in the use of an ointment containing heparin. Heparin allows you to effectively deal with hematomas and prevents the development of fibrous connective tissue, which causes deformation of the penis.
Intracavernous therapy
This is a minimally invasive method of treatment when a specialist urologist makes a series of injections into the cavernous bodies. For microinjections, papaverine is used - a substance better known as No-shpa. The antispasmodic drug, when injected into the cavernous bodies, leads to the normalization of erection, and also relieves vascular spasm, which improves the trophism of the tissues of the penis. Injections are made with insulin syringe with the thinnest needle for less trauma to the penis and directly to the albuginea.
Surgical intervention
Surgery is required when the disease has gone too far, i.e. the patient has a pronounced deformation of the penis in combination with a persistent loss of erection. It can be carried out as the removal of cavernous bodies, followed by plasty and replacement with silicone implants and restoration of the cavernous bodies.
Restoration is a microsurgical operation during which the anatomical integrity of the ruptured tunica is restored or sections are excised in places of severe deformation of the penis. The plaques are removed and, with proper postoperative therapy, no longer progress. To eliminate severe deformation, it is possible to create special folds on the side of the body of the penis opposite from the curvature.
After surgery, it is very important to follow all the recommendations of the attending physician, since the absence adequate therapy can lead to re-development fibrous component in the cavernous bodies.
The cavernous body is the most important element involved in creating a stable erection of the penis, providing an increase in size and hardening of the penis during sexual arousal. There are three bodies in total: two paired and one unpaired. In their structure, they resemble a sponge, the inside of which consists of blood arteries and nerve endings.
Location
Two cavernous bodies that have a cylindrical shape are involved in. Fastening to the lower branches is carried out using the pointed ends of each cylinder. The first cavernous body is connected to the second under, while these paired formations are completely fused with each other.
Due to this, a recess is formed on the lower surface of the pubic symphysis, in which the cavernous bodies are located. If necessary, the cavernous body can be felt on the right and left sides inside the penis. They resemble small rollers in their shape. The cells inside them can significantly change in size due to the influx of blood.
Appearance
The cavernous body ends in front of the head of the penis. From above they are covered with a protein shell. It is noteworthy that it is completely absent. This structure is characteristic of the entire penis, with the exception of the head.
The inner surface of the albuginea is dotted with many trabeculae (processes) consisting of dense connective tissue.
Fabric structure in in large numbers contains smooth muscle cells and elastic fibres. At the same time, they branch out and again intertwine along the entire length of the cavernous bodies, forming between themselves a system of cells - lacunae and caverns, which are filled with blood during sexual arousal.
The work of the cavernous bodies
The deep artery, which runs along the entire length of the penis, splits into separate branches located in the trabeculae. It is the main blood supplier in the event of arousal. If the branch is in calm state, their shape is convoluted, as a result of which they are called curlic, or cochlear.
Blood arteries have thick muscular walls with a wide lumen and open directly into the cells. Due to the bundles of muscle fibers that thicken the wall of the arteries and have a smooth shape, the lumen vascular wall closes on contraction. It should be noted that the veins passing through the penis also have a developed muscular layer.
What causes an erection
The smooth muscle cells of the arteries, together with arteriole and sinusoidal capillaries, play a major role in achieving an erection, during which the size of the penis increases significantly. At normal operation arteries passing in and around the cavernous bodies, the penis straightens, becoming much more dense in structure and fully ready for sexual intercourse.
At the end of sexual intercourse, ending in ejaculation, norepinephrine is released, causing the complete completion of an erection. If the blood flow to the cavernous bodies is insufficient, destruction occurs nerve endings, which leads to a deterioration in the quality of erection up to impotence.
Penis Enlargement Workouts
Most men, having learned about the functions that the elements in question perform, wonder how to enlarge the cavernous bodies, and develop a special training method for penis enlargement, based on a special technique for gripping and stretching the penis.
To enlarge the penis, it is necessary to grab it tightly at the base with your hand, pulling it as far as possible towards the head. Do this exercise to achieve maximum effect it is necessary at least 10 times, thereby dispersing the cavernous bodies. Penis enlargement occurs due to the fact that blood rushes to the head of the penis, thereby distributing the cavernous bodies throughout the genital organ.
Despite being completely safe this method, it is not particularly effective. In order to significantly compress the cavernous bodies in men along the entire length of the penis, it is necessary to apply an effort much higher than the standard degree. It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the cavernous bodies are adapted to increase only during their growth. Therefore, an increase in the penis, even with the help of long-term physical training, cannot bring a significant result.
