Mixed gastritis: symptoms and treatment. What is mixed superficial and atrophic gastritis and how to treat it

Mixed gastritis is a disease that represents the simultaneous occurrence of several forms of gastritis - superficial, erosive, hypertrophic or hemorrhagic. This disorder often includes from two to four forms. The main reason the occurrence of the disease is considered to be the pathological influence of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, on the basis of which they begin to express characteristic symptoms. This bacterium can be infected in several ways – fecal-oral or household contact. In addition, the causes of the formation of the disease may be poor nutrition and the use of some medicines.

The main symptoms of the mixed type of disease are: constant discomfort in the stomach area, an increase in the size of the abdomen, nausea and vomiting, decreased appetite and belching. Diagnostic measures Such disorders are complex in nature. It is based on laboratory and instrumental examinations. Treatment consists of taking medications, following special diet and the use of traditional medicine. A dietary menu is prepared individually.

Etiology

Mixed gastritis is almost always caused by the bacteria Helicobacter pylori entering the human body. At primary lesion is happening superficial disturbance integrity of the gastric mucosa. But since such a disorder occurs practically without the expression of any symptoms, this provokes the progression of the disease and the formation of other forms of gastritis. The following factors can speed up the process of damage or aggravate the course of the disease:

conducting unhealthy image life – excessive addiction to alcoholic beverages and nicotine;
eating a lot of spicy and fatty foods. It is for this reason that one of the stages of treatment is following a diet and drawing up a menu for each patient by the doctor;
the use of medications - this is explained by the fact that medications are very irritating to the gastric mucosa;
burn of the mucous membrane by chemicals.

The spread of the disease is also influenced stressful situations and decreased activity immune system person.

Varieties

There are several classifications of the diffuse course of the disease. The first of them is divided depending on the manifestation of which form is most predominant. The progression of the disease begins from the moment of superficial damage to the gastric mucosa by a pathogenic bacterium. With predominance erosive gastritis small erosions form on it, which entails the occurrence the following symptoms- pain and discomfort while eating food, after which a person may experience heartburn.

In cases where the symptoms predominate hemorrhagic form, the fragility of blood vessels in the body is increased, against the background of which point erosions and hemorrhages are formed. If hypertrophic gastritis predominates, then a thickening of the stomach lining occurs, which leads to the formation of neoplasms.

In addition, the disease occurs in chronic and acute forms.

Symptoms

The clinical expression of mixed gastritis depends on the type of disease. Thus, the symptoms acute course ailments are:

significant pain in the stomach area;
increase in abdominal size;
attacks of nausea, which often end in vomiting;
the occurrence of belching;
rapid satiety and a feeling of fullness in the stomach.

The main sign of the chronic type of disease is a decrease in appetite with low acidity, or an increase in cases of increased stomach acidity. Other symptoms occur only after eating. These include:

feeling of nausea and pressure in the stomach;
the appearance of heartburn;
the occurrence of constipation, which may be followed by diarrhea;
formation bad taste in the oral cavity;
soreness in the heart area.

Due to the fact that the disease manifests itself big amount various symptoms, treatment of the disease will consist not only of taking medications aimed at eliminating the manifestations of gastritis diffuse type. Therapy will also consist of following a diet according to a menu specially prepared by the doctor and using traditional medicine.

Diagnostics

What's happened mixed gastritis, the gastroenterologist knows - it is he who will diagnose and treat the patient. The diagnosis is based on establishing the diffuse type of gastritis, assessing the degree of expression of signs of the disease and lesions of the membrane. Diagnostic measures for the disease are complex and consist of:

a specialist studying the patient’s medical history;
clarification possible reason the occurrence and severity of symptoms of the disease;
laboratory tests of blood, urine and feces - which will help identify factors in the formation of the disease and associated pathological processes in organism;
breath test to determine the presence of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori;
studies of acidity levels in the stomach;
carrying out diagnostic endoscopy, with the help of which the exact localization and level of damage to the mucous membrane is established;
gastroscopy. The study is necessary to examine the entire gastric cavity in order to detect any neoplasms, open ulcerations and bleeding;
biopsy - carried out to determine the presence of oncology in cases where neoplasms are found during examination of the cavity of the affected organ.

After receiving all the test results, the doctor prescribes the most effective tactics treatment and draws up a menu of a special diet that the patient will have to adhere to.

Treatment

A favorable prognosis for the treatment of such pathology lies in timely diagnosis. Doctors do not recommend self-medication, since in order to get rid of diffuse gastritis, it is necessary to cure each of the forms.

Drug treatment consists of prescribing drugs for:

relieving pain;
combating high or low acidity;
eliminating the causative bacteria;
protection of the gastric mucosa;
facilitating the work of the gastrointestinal tract;
increasing the level of the immune system.

Drug therapy may be accompanied by physiotherapeutic methods. In cases where signs of hypertrophic gastritis predominate, it may be necessary surgical intervention– gastric resection.

Compliance plays an important role in the treatment of diffuse gastritis. strict diet. Because only complete restriction from irritating products helps restore the integrity of the shell. The diet prohibits the consumption of foods such as:

alcoholic drinks;
fatty foods;
spicy seasonings and sauces;
mayonnaise;
sweet bakery products;
legumes;
fatty dairy products;
barley and millet porridge;
confectionery;
drinks containing caffeine.

Despite a large number of unacceptable products, food must be enriched with proteins and vitamins. It is for this reason that the menu should include:

chicken or rabbit meat, steamed or in the oven;
low-fat varieties of fish;
buckwheat and oatmeal;
low-fat milk and cottage cheese;
eggs in the form of a steam omelet or soft-boiled;
pumpkin and zucchini;
beets and carrots;
apples, raspberries and strawberries.

Without dieting drug treatment will not give the expected results.

In addition, mixed gastritis can be treated folk remedies. Greatest effect will give use:

honey – promotes healing of mucosal walls;
potato juice is excellent remedy from high acidity gastric juice, which can eliminate heartburn and clear the esophagus of of hydrochloric acid;
various herbs, on the basis of which decoctions and tinctures are prepared. Chamomile, rose hips and string are often used.

Therapy with folk remedies should not be the only way elimination similar disease, and should only be used in conjunction with taking medications and following a specially designed menu. Disease prevention is based on similar principles.

Similar materials

Anacidic gastritis - pathological condition, which is characterized by gradual atrophy of the mucosa in the gastric cavity. Some of the affected areas are gradually replaced by intestinal epithelium and because of this, the secretion of hydrochloric acid practically stops. This subsequently leads to disruption normal process digestion. Most often, this disease progresses if acute gastritis has not previously been fully treated.

Not atrophic gastritis– the most initial form chronic course diseases. The inflammatory process affects only the upper layer of the mucosa, while the functioning of the gastric glands is preserved. This form of the disease does not involve atrophy of the membrane and is characterized by a significant release of hydrochloric acid, as well as the absence immune disorders. The disease often affects the antrum of the stomach, where it passes into the duodenum.

Superficial chronic gastritis is a pathological condition characterized by the occurrence inflammatory process just on top layer gastric mucosa. Often the disease affects the antrum of this organ. In this case, the inflammation does not affect the deeper layers and does not disrupt the secretory function of the stomach. It is quite difficult to accurately determine the extent of the disease, since in most people it occurs without expressing any symptoms. But according to medical data, such a disorder occurs in every second inhabitant of the planet, regardless of age group. It is several times more common in males.

Mixed gastritis (or pangastritis) refers to gastritis A, B, and, according to the degree of development, can be infectious or autoimmune. With this disease, damage to the mucous membrane is manifested by symptoms various forms gastritis. Most often, erosive, hemorrhagic, hypertrophic and superficial forms are combined.

General description of mixed gastritis

The disease is characterized by damage to the gastric mucosa due to exposure to Helicobacter pylori (type A) and an autoimmune process (type B).

What is mixed gastritis?

This disease most often occurs as follows: due to infection with Helicobacter pylori, without treatment, immune disorders gradually develop, leading to damage to the stomach cells. Infection with microorganisms can occur through the nutritional route, fecal-oral route, and also during close contact with a carrier of the virus.

Symptoms of mixed gastritis

The initial stage of mixed gastritis is characterized by the development of an inflammatory process, in most cases, covering the superficial layers of the gastric mucosa. Sometimes damage to the gastric glands can occur, while their functional activity remains intact.

As the disease develops, mixed gastritis takes on a different form, or occurs in combination with changes in the mucous membrane of a hemorrhagic, hypertrophic or erosive nature.

Features of development clinical picture diseases depend on many various factors, common to which is deterioration general condition patient against the background of progression of any form of the disease.

Stomach acidity may remain unchanged (normal), but it may also increase during a hyperacid state and decrease during a hypoacid state.

TO common features mixed gastritis, which resemble symptoms chronic gastritis, include:

feeling of discomfort in the pit of the stomach;
pain;
full stomach;
nausea, vomiting;
poor appetite;
pain “in the pit of the stomach”, radiating to the back and under the left rib;
periodic belching;
bloating.

The mixed form of gastritis lasts a long time, with the constant appearance of symptoms and a deterioration in the general condition of patients.

Due to the fact that mixed gastritis is characterized by damage to the gastric mucosa due to exposure to Helicobacter pylori (type A), diagnosis of this infection is very important. Diagnosis of mixed gastritis is carried out using:

fibrogastroduodenoscopy;
enzyme immunoassay of blood to determine antibodies to certain microorganisms;
detection of the pathogen in a scraping or washout from the gastric mucosa during FGDS.

Treatment of mixed type gastritis

The main objectives of treating the disease include:

fight against inflammatory phenomena;
normalizing gastric secretion;
restoration of the gastric evacuation mechanism;
stimulation of wound healing processes on the gastric mucosa, with existing erosions and ulcers.

Let's look at how to treat mixed gastritis.

Drugs with good anti-inflammatory properties have antibacterial effect, namely:

metronidazole;
ampicillin;
clindamycin.

Bismuth-containing products are also used, for example, de-nol.

Antacids (Maalox, phosphalugel, almagel) are used to neutralize the acidic environment of the stomach contents. They are prescribed for existing erosions.

If the secretion of hydrochloric acid is reduced, it is indicated replacement therapy. In this case, panzinorm, gastric juice, festal, acidinpepsin and other agents are used.

If, on the contrary, it is necessary to reduce the production of hydrochloric acid, proton pump blockers (ranitidine, omeprazole) are used.

To restore impaired motor function of the stomach, the patient is prescribed:

antispasmodics (drotaverine, papaverine);
anticholinergic drugs – platyphylline;
motor specific agents – cerucal.

Mixed type gastritis, characterized by significant erosions on the gastric mucosa, is treated using reparative agents - sea buckthorn oil, solcoseryl, methyluracil.

Nutrition for mixed gastritis

Diet for mixed gastritis plays a role important role. You need to eat often, up to 6 times. It is prohibited to consume fatty, spicy, salty, canned food, and drinks with gas. Food temperature is moderate. At the stage of exacerbation of the disease, food with maximum sparing of the stomach is used. During the remission stage, the range of dishes and products expands somewhat.

Endocrine system

Leather

What is mixed gastritis? It is easy to guess that it is formed as a result of the simultaneous development of several forms of gastritis. As a rule, in such cases, one patient is diagnosed with a hemorrhagic and form of the disease.

Causes and mechanism of development

As in any other case, mixed gastritis almost always develops as a result of infection of the gastric mucosa by Helicobacter pylory. By affecting the walls of the stomach, it provokes the appearance of a superficial form of gastritis, but since the accompanying symptoms are mild, the disease progresses and the activity of microorganisms increases. As a result, small erosions begin to appear on the mucous membranes - gastritis becomes erosive. Often the situation is aggravated by the presence of bad habits, leading them wrong image life and inattention to one’s own health (or laziness). Therefore, most often gastritis becomes protracted and chronic.

Advice: if you experience any discomfort in the stomach or frequent heartburn, you should consult a doctor. In most cases, this measure can protect a person from acquiring an unnecessary and unpleasant chronic disease.

After the formation of small erosions in some areas of the stomach walls, they blood vessels gradually begin to weaken and become more brittle. The result of this is the occurrence of foci of bleeding, the number of which depends on the patient’s lifestyle and the activity of pathogenic microorganisms.

On last stages mixed gastritis, there is a significant change in the structure of the walls of the stomach, the formation in them of adenomas, and peculiar warts, which, although benign neoplasms, serve serious reason for concern.

Symptoms

It is easy to guess that mixed gastritis can manifest itself in different ways depending on which forms the patient has developed. Most often, the symptoms of mixed gastritis are as follows:

discomfort and pain in epigastric region(between the costal arches);
the appearance of a feeling of “sucking in the pit of the stomach”;
frequent feeling of fullness in the stomach;
sharp deterioration in appetite;
burping or heartburn;
bloating;
the appearance of pain that radiates to the back or left hypochondrium;
nausea, which can end in vomiting, and blood impurities can sometimes be found in the vomit. In general, nausea is a frequent and very unpleasant accompaniment of inflammation of the gastric mucosa different types. You will find out the answer by reading the article of the same name.

Features of treatment

Of course, the appointment of any treatment should always be preceded by a full diagnosis. Therefore, treatment of mixed gastritis also begins only after staging accurate diagnosis and determining which specific forms of the disease have developed. This sounds quite simple, but in reality it can be very difficult to accurately determine the types of pathologies present. For example, the simultaneous presence of erosive, hemorrhagic, superficial and hypertrophic forms does not provide a clear picture of the disease. The only reliable way to find out the true state of affairs is fibrogastroduodenoendoscopy or.

After an accurate diagnosis of the disease, patients are prescribed treatment aimed at eliminating all, without exception, factors that provoked the development of the disease. Main therapeutic measures with mixed gastritis, antibiotic therapy is usually used, although it is not carried out in those in rare cases when the cause of the disease is not an infectious lesion.

Attention! In severe cases, gastritis is treated in a hospital setting.

Diet

The primary role in the treatment of any gastrointestinal diseases belongs to diet, since only complete failure from foods that irritate damaged gastric walls will give them a chance to recover. Dishes include:

alcohol;
fat;
smoked meats;
Rye bread;
baking;
legumes;
barley and millet porridge;
fatty sour cream and sharp or salty cheeses;
spices;
all kinds of sauces;
pepper;
chocolate;
coffee;
confectionery.

Important: all food for patients with gastritis should be steamed, boiled or baked, and frying should be completely avoided. Also Special attention is paid to the temperature of the food, since eating hot or cold is strictly prohibited.

At the same time, food should be rich in protein and vitamins, so the menu for patients should mainly consist of:

white meat chicken or rabbit;
low-fat varieties of fish;
buckwheat and oatmeal;
, cottage cheese;
soft-boiled eggs;
, zucchini, beets, carrots;
, rose hips, raspberries, strawberries.

Patients with mixed gastritis will have to carefully monitor their diet for a long time

Attention! To avoid stomach overload, everyone is recommended to eat small portions, but at least 5 times a day.
Drug therapy
In 95% of cases, patients are prescribed powerful antibiotic therapy, the purpose of which is to completely destroy the pathogenic microflora of the stomach, in particular Helicobacterpilory.
Attention! Usually the fight against bacteria is carried out using two or more various antibiotics. Compliance with this rule is an important condition recovery, since Helicobacterpilory is different high ability to the development of resistance (lack of sensitivity) to most modern drugs. Therefore, it is very important not to interrupt the course of treatment and follow all medical recommendations.

In addition to antibiotics, patients are advised to take:
antiprotozoal agents;
drugs that normalize the secretory function of the stomach;
gastric juice substitutes;
agents that have an astringent and enveloping effect;
drugs that help accelerate the healing of erosions.

Important: any medicines can only be prescribed by a doctor, since only he can select medications different groups so that they do not neutralize each other’s effects and correspond to the level of acidity of the patient’s gastric juice.

Thus, mixed gastritis is complex disease stomach, usually developing as a result of patient negligence. However, with a competent approach to treatment, it can be dealt with, and diet and healthy image life will help to avoid repeated relapses.

As the name suggests, mixed gastritis is a disease that combines several forms. And the problem for doctors in such a situation is to identify the disease and prescribe appropriate treatment. As practice shows, patients with a similar diagnosis are diagnosed with erosive, hemorrhagic, superficial and hypertrophic forms of gastritis.

Etiology of pathology

If we talk about the reason of this disease digestive system, then it is infection of the patient’s body with a bacterium called Heliobacter pylori. In this case, infection of the patient can occur through the fecal-oral or contact-household method. For gastritis of the stomach of mixed type First stage The disease is characterized by the development of an inflammatory process in the mucous membrane of the organ. If the pathology is not detected on time and no necessary treatment, the disease becomes chronic.

When the transition from a superficial type of disease to an erosive one occurs, areas of damage are already visible on the walls of the organ. In this case, the level of acidity of gastric juice does not play any role. This form The disease is characterized by a protracted, chronic nature.

With gastritis of the stomach, or rather with its mixed type, following form complications of the patient's condition is the development of a hemorrhagic type of disease. At this stage of pathology development, the blood vessels on the walls of the organ become less strong and, as a result, more brittle. This leads to the formation of pinpoint erosions and small areas of bleeding.

With the development of the latter hypertrophic form mixed gastritis, thickening of the glands occurs, as a result of which the condition of the stomach walls changes, adenomas and cysts appear.

Identify the pathological condition even further early stages The following symptoms will allow development:

abdominal discomfort;
nausea occurs, followed by vomiting;
significant decrease in appetite;
periodic belching of air or consumed food;
feeling of bloating;
state of weakness;
dizziness;
sudden occurrence bad taste in the mouth;
profuse salivation.

Treatment of the disease

It's no secret that for effective fight With any disease, diagnosis and prescription of appropriate treatment by the attending physician is necessary. To begin with, the doctor examines the patient who has sought help and collects an anamnesis. After this, the doctor prescribes the appropriate laboratory and instrumental studies, including:

general and biochemical tests blood;
X-ray of the abdominal organs;
fibrogastroduodenoscopy;
scraping of the organ mucosa;
general urine analysis.

The question of how to treat mixed gastritis can only be answered by a highly qualified and experienced person. medical specialist after diagnosis. In practice, treatment of mixed gastritis includes taking medications and following a diet regimen. Antibacterial treatment is carried out only when the disease is infectious in nature.

For mixed gastritis, treatment with medications involves taking medications such as anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as antacids and proton pump blockers. The dose of drugs and the duration of their use are determined solely by the doctor. Treatment of the indicated disease should be comprehensive, including development for the patient diet menu nutrition.

Dietary nutrition for this stomach disease, especially during periods of exacerbation, should include steamed, warm and chopped foods. The patient’s menu should not contain excessively hot or cold food, as well as coarsely chopped food, spicy, salty, fried and fatty foods and spices. With this disease, tobacco smoking and consumption are excluded alcoholic drinks. Diet for mixed gastritis involves fractional meals with an increase in the number of meals up to 6 times during the day, but in small portions.

The menu of a patient suffering from this disease should not contain products such as:

fatty and fried meat, brisket;
butter dough and rye bread;
beans, lentils, barley, and millet porridge;
nutrition for mixed gastritis involves avoiding sour cream and hard cheese;
mustard, horseradish, various sauces and seasonings;
red and black pepper;
chocolate products and sweets;
strong tea and coffee.

Products recommended for consumption for this disease include lean meat or fish, oatmeal or rice porridge, low-fat milk and cottage cheese, fruit and berry drinks, cabbage juice, vegetable broths.

Traditional therapy

They are very affordable and effective traditional methods treatment of mixed gastritis. In order to relieve signs of pathology and restore the gastric mucosa, you can resort to the help of various medicinal herbs. Many of them have bactericidal, wound-healing and regenerating properties. After all, it is not difficult to prepare a decoction or tincture of herbs, and remedies such as chamomile and plantain can be purchased at any pharmacy.

Excellent anti-inflammatory, analgesic and bactericidal agent experts believe honey. It can be used as independent product or add to herbal infusions.

To prepare a healing decoction, you need to mix 10 g of crushed herbs such as St. John's wort, wormwood, calendula and plantain in a glass container and pour 0.5 l boiled water. Afterwards, the mixture should be cooked over low heat for 15 minutes, then allowed to cool and strain. The resulting decoction should be drunk 1/3 cup half an hour before meals, warm.

A very effective and common remedy in the fight against all types of gastritis is potato juice. It is this that helps reduce acidity levels and get rid of heartburn and nausea. In order to prepare the juice, you will need young potatoes. The peeled vegetable should be grated and squeezed using gauze. The resulting juice should be drunk immediately half an hour before meals. The juice cannot be stored.

When treating gastritis, it is very effective means is healing tea, for the preparation of which you should mix 1 tbsp. l. mint leaves and calamus root, 50 g plantain leaves and 1 tsp. caraway seeds and pour the resulting mixture with 0.5 liters of boiled water. The resulting tea should steep for 10 hours, after which it should be strained and taken 2 tbsp. l. daily at morning time before eating. The duration of the course of such treatment should be 1 month.

For gastritis, dry leaves of a plant such as plantain are an excellent help. After all, you can prepare a vodka-based tincture from them. For cooking medicinal tincture you will need 0.5 liters of alcoholic beverage and 1 glass of crushed plant leaves. The leaves must be poured with vodka and simmered over low heat for 7 minutes. You should drink the tincture daily in the morning, 1 tbsp. l. before meals.

Freshly squeezed motherwort juice will help relieve spasms in the stomach and intestines. It is necessary to take the product half an hour before meals, 1 tsp. three times during the day. In the winter season, motherwort juice can be mixed in equal proportions with vodka.

The most pleasant and useful tool green apples are helpful in the fight against gastritis. They should be peeled, finely chopped or simply grated, and the product is ready for use. At the same time, you can eat apples in unlimited quantities.

Summarizing

Mixed gastritis is a very “inconvenient” disease regarding diagnosis and treatment, causing significant discomfort to the patient. Therefore it will be much better if this pathology the doctor will find out more early stage development. For this reason, experts recommend undergoing an annual preventive examination. Of great importance in the fight against mixed gastritis is the efforts of the patient himself. After all dietary food in some ways plays more important than drug treatment. In general, a lot in the patient’s condition depends on his eating behavior. Taking medications will be useless if the patient does not reconsider his diet.