Law on donated blood and its components. Benefits and payments to donors and honorary donors

Current version Law “On the Donation of Blood and Its Components” in terms of providing benefits and payments to blood donors. You can also check out:

FEDERAL LAW ON DONATION OF BLOOD AND ITS COMPONENTS

(as amended by Federal Law dated June 4, 2014 N 150-FZ)

Article 22. Social support measures provided to a donor who donated blood and (or) its components free of charge

1. On the day of donation of blood and (or) its components, the donor who donated blood and (or) its components free of charge is provided with free food at the expense of the organization carrying out the procurement activities donated blood and its components. The food ration of such a donor is established in accordance with paragraph 4 of part 1 of article 10 of this Federal Law by the executive authority of the subject Russian Federation, in whose jurisdiction the specified organization is located.

2. Replacement of free meals with monetary compensation is not allowed, except in cases established in accordance with paragraph 6 of part 2 of article 9 of this Federal Law.

3. A donor who has donated blood and (or) its components free of charge during the year in a volume equal to two maximum permissible doses of blood and (or) its components is given the right to priority purchase at the place of work or study of preferential vouchers for Spa treatment. Maximum volume permissible dose blood and (or) its components are determined by a doctor during a medical examination of the donor.

Article 23. Social support measures for persons awarded the “Honorary Donor of Russia” badge

1. Donors who donated blood and (or) its components (except for blood plasma) forty or more times, or blood and (or) its components twenty-five or more times and blood plasma in the total amount of blood and (or) its components and blood plasma forty times, or blood and (or) its components less than twenty-five times and blood plasma in the total amount of blood and (or) its components and blood plasma sixty or more times, or blood plasma sixty or more times, are awarded a badge " Honorary Donor Russia" in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation, and have the right to the following measures social support:

1) provision of annual paid leave at a time of year convenient for them in accordance with labor legislation;

2) extraordinary provision medical care in medical organizations state system health or municipal system healthcare within the framework of the state guarantee program for providing citizens of the Russian Federation with free medical care;

3) priority purchase at the place of work or study of preferential vouchers for sanatorium and resort treatment;

4) provision of annual cash payment.

2. Citizens of the Russian Federation who have been awarded the “Honorary Donor of the USSR” badge and permanently residing on the territory of the Russian Federation have the right to social support measures defined for persons awarded the “Honorary Donor of Russia” badge.

3. The rules for accounting for donations in order to determine the possibility of awarding the badge “Honorary Donor of Russia” are approved by the federal executive body that carries out the functions of developing and implementing public policy and legal regulation in the healthcare sector.

(as amended by Federal Law No. 317-FZ dated November 25, 2013)

4. Donations, committed by a person for a fee, are not taken into account when determining the possibility of awarding the “Honorary Donor of Russia” badge.

Article 24. Annual cash payment to persons awarded the “Honorary Donor of Russia” badge and the procedure for its indexation

The provisions of Part 1 of Article 24 (as amended by Federal Law No. 317-FZ of November 25, 2013) apply to legal relations that arose from January 20, 2013.

Taking into account the amount of indexation, the following amounts of annual cash payments have been established for citizens awarded the “Honorary Donor of Russia” badge:

— from January 1, 2014 in the amount of 11,728.0 rubles, indexation amount 1.05 ( the federal law dated 02.12.2013 N 349-FZ);

- from January 1, 2013 in the amount of 11,138.0 rubles, indexation amount 1.055 (Federal Law of December 3, 2012 N 216-FZ).

1. The annual cash payment to persons awarded the “Honorary Donor of Russia” badge is set at 10,557 rubles.

(as amended by Federal Law No. 317-FZ dated November 25, 2013)

2. The annual cash payment is indexed once a year from January 1 of the current year based on the federal law on federal budget to the appropriate fiscal year And planning period forecast level of inflation.

3. Financial support for expenses associated with the implementation of the annual cash payment is an expenditure obligation of the Russian Federation.

Article 25. The power of the Russian Federation transferred to the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to make annual cash payments to persons awarded the badge “Honorary Donor of Russia”

1. The Russian Federation transfers to the authorities state power subjects of the Russian Federation the authority to make annual cash payments to persons awarded the “Honorary Donor of Russia” badge (hereinafter referred to as the transferred authority).

2. Funds for the implementation of delegated powers are provided in the form of subventions from the federal budget.

3. The procedure for implementing and accounting for expenses of the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the exercise of delegated powers is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

4. The amount of funds provided in the federal budget in the form of subventions to the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the implementation of the delegated powers is determined on the basis of the methodology approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, based on the following indicators:

1) the number of persons awarded the “Honorary Donor of Russia” badge;

2) the amount of the annual cash payment established for persons awarded the “Honorary Donor of Russia” badge.

5. The federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of healthcare:

1) adopts regulatory legal acts on the implementation of delegated powers;

2) issues binding guidelines and instructional materials on the implementation of delegated powers by executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

3) establishes requirements for the content and forms of reporting, as well as for the procedure for submitting reports on the exercise of the delegated authority;

4) in case of non-execution or improper execution of the delegated authority, prepares and submits to the Government of the Russian Federation proposals to withdraw the specified authority from the relevant government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

6. The federal executive body exercising the functions of control and supervision in the field of health protection exercises control and supervision over the completeness and quality of implementation by government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation of the delegated powers with the right to issue orders to eliminate identified violations, as well as to bring to justice officials performing duties in the exercise of delegated powers.

7. Highest official of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation (head of the highest executive body of state power of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation):

1) organizes activities to implement the delegated authority in accordance with federal laws and other regulations legal acts Russian Federation;

2) ensures timely submission to the authorized federal executive body of a quarterly report on budget expenditures of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, source financial security which is a subvention, in the form and manner established by the authorized federal executive body.

8. Control over the expenditure of subventions provided for the implementation of the delegated powers is carried out by the federal executive body exercising control and supervision functions in the financial and budgetary sphere, the federal executive body exercising control and supervision in the field of healthcare, and the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation.

9. State authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation have the right to vest, by the laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies with the authority to make annual cash payments to persons awarded the “Honorary Donor of Russia” badge.

Donor blood transfusion has a history of almost a century. Despite the fact that this procedure is quite familiar to many people, the process of donating blood is still surrounded by numerous myths. Today we set out to debunk the most common of them.

Source: depositphotos.com

Donating blood is harmful to health

The amount of blood circulating in the body of an adult is on average 4000 ml. It has been proven that a periodic loss of 12% of a given volume not only has no effect negative influence for health, but also works as a kind of training, activating hematopoiesis and stimulating resistance to stress.

The volume of a one-time donation of donor blood does not exceed 500 ml (of which about 40 ml is taken for the purpose of testing). The body quickly replaces blood loss without any negative consequences.

The blood donation procedure is painful and tiring

Modern donor centers are equipped with everything necessary to make the person donating blood feel comfortable. Unpleasant sensations donor are reduced to instant pain at the moment of needle insertion. The further procedure is absolutely painless.

Donating whole blood takes about a quarter of an hour. After its completion, the donor may experience slight fatigue, so it is not recommended to do heavy activities on the day of the procedure. physical labor or go on a long trip. Donating blood components (plasma, platelets or red blood cells) can take up to one and a half hours.

There is a risk of donor infection

Many people believe that the donor runs the risk of receiving one of dangerous infections blood-borne diseases (for example, hepatitis C virus or HIV). Currently, this is absolutely excluded: only disposable instruments and devices are used for blood collection, which are unpacked in the presence of the donor, and after the procedure they are immediately disposed of.

The need for donor blood is low

Patients undergoing complex procedures require blood transfusions. surgical operations, women in labor with complicated childbirth, people with severe injuries or burns. Donor blood and its components are used in the treatment of leukemia and other oncological diseases. There are artificial blood and plasma substitutes, but their use has a number of contraindications, as they sometimes lead to negative side effects.

To fully provide the healthcare system required quantity blood, 40-50 people out of 1000 should be donors. In some European countries this ratio has been achieved, but in Russia this indicator is still well below normal.

According to statistics, every third person on our planet needs a blood or plasma transfusion at least once in their life. At the same time, the blood of absolutely all groups is in demand, and not just rare ones, as is sometimes believed.

Anyone can become a donor

This is far from true. In Russia you cannot become a donor:

• under the age of 18 or over 60 years of age;
• having a body weight of less than 50 kg;
• being infected with hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus or tuberculosis;
• having any blood disorders or blood diseases ( hematopoietic organs);
• suffering from cancer.

Temporary restrictions on blood donation apply:

• for pregnant women (blood will be accepted no earlier than one year after birth);
• for nursing mothers (they can become donors three months after the end of lactation);
• for women during menstruation (blood donation is allowed at least a week before the start or a week after the end);
• for people who had the flu or acute respiratory viral infection less than a month ago;
• for patients who have undergone dental surgery (at least ten days must pass);
• for people who were treated with acupuncture less than a year ago, or who had a tattoo (piercing) of any part of the body;
• for patients who have recently undergone vaccination (the period elapsed before donating blood depends on the type of vaccine and ranges from ten days to a year).

In addition, an exemption from donation can be obtained if tests on the day of the procedure show the presence of inflammatory process or traces of alcohol, increased body temperature or if there are serious deviations from normal indicators blood pressure. Men can donate blood no more than five times a year, and women - four times a year.

Donating blood for transfusion requires a responsible attitude. Two days before the procedure, the donor must give up alcoholic beverages. You should refrain from smoking for at least an hour before blood collection. Three days before the procedure you must stop taking medicines that reduce blood clotting (including aspirin and painkillers).

The donor should eat high-calorie foods before and after the procedure

The day before donating blood, you should not consume fatty, dairy, meat food, eggs, smoked meats, chocolate, bananas, canned food and fast food.

It is important that the future donor does not make mistakes that could negatively affect his health. It is better to donate blood in the first half of the day. Before the procedure, you need to get a good night's sleep, have breakfast, preferring porridge or pastries and sweet tea. After donating blood, you should eat a balanced diet (at least five times a day if possible) and remember to drink more liquid to compensate for blood loss.

Donating blood may cause weight gain

Donation itself (including regular donation) does not affect body weight in any way. There is a risk of becoming fat for those people who, having misunderstood the recommendations for nutrition, begin to heavily consume high-calorie foods to donate blood and cannot stop in time.

Donation is bad for your appearance

Some women are hesitant to donate blood, believing that this will negatively affect their complexion and skin elasticity. In fact, regular donation activates the work of the hematopoietic organs, causes the blood to renew itself faster, and has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the immune, cardiovascular and digestive systems.

Donors, as a rule, do not have problems with the tone and color of their skin. They are cheerful, fit, active and have a positive attitude.

Regular donation is addictive

In this case, we can talk about addiction only in the sense of increased resistance of the body to various stresses, diseases and negative impact external environment. Thus, regular blood donation teaches the body to quickly replenish blood loss, which can play a positive role in the event of an injury or illness from which no one is immune.

Donation has been clinically proven to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular pathologies. Some men note that regular blood donation has a positive effect on potency.

For a successful blood transfusion, the donor and recipient must be of the same nationality

The statement has nothing to do with reality. The compatibility of the donor and the recipient (the person to whom the blood is transfused) depends solely on the composition of the blood, that is, the presence or absence of certain proteins in it. For transfusion, the compatibility of blood groups (AB0 system) and Rh factor is important. These indicators are distributed almost equally among different races and ethnic groups.

With suitable protein composition Donor blood can be transfused into a recipient regardless of gender, age or nationality.

The law must regulate the organization of procurement, storage, transportation, security and clinical use donor blood and its components, protecting the health of blood donors and its components, recipients and protecting their rights.

What changed?

Previously, in Moscow, they paid 650 rubles for 100 ml of blood, 4,500 rubles for a complex transfusion - plateletpheresis, and 6,000 rubles for donating red blood cells.

Now in Russia, free blood donation is encouraged, that is, volunteers can only count on a free lunch, but not on monetary compensation. The list of benefits provided to donors has been reduced, but annual Russian benefits have been increased 1.5 times - up to 9,959 rubles.

Also, the purpose of the new law is to create a unified donation database. Despite the fact that free blood donation is a generally accepted world practice, the Ministry of Health told Interfax that encouraging free blood donation does not mean a complete abolition of compensation, since the law leaves citizens the right to choose between donating blood for free or donating blood for a fee.

Donors will be able to directly “earn money” only from complex transfusions. However, if previously they paid 4-6 thousand rubles for them, now they will be much less.

The law has already entered into force, but exactly how it will be applied is not yet clear. For example, it is not known how the donor will be provided with free lunch - in the form of dry rations or will they be fed on the spot? No monetary compensation is provided in place of free food, but it is not specified what kind of lunch volunteers can expect.

The enacted Federal Law “On the Donation of Blood and Its Components” does not speak about the right of donors to be released from work and one additional day of vacation.

Honorary donors of Russia - those people who have donated blood and its components 40 times in their lives or donated plasma 60 times, can count on an honorary donor badge of Russia, annual leave convenient time according to Labor Code, receiving medical care out of turn in government institutions and the right to purchase vouchers to a sanatorium at the place of work or study. They also increased their annual allowance, which will be indexed from year to year according to the level of inflation.

Expert opinion

What will it lead to? new law about donation?

Ekaterina Chistyakova, director of the Gift of Life Foundation:

Of course, because of the new law and the abolition of monetary rewards, everyone who currently donates blood will not stop doing so. After all, a large number of people donate blood free of charge, that is, for nothing. I can only talk about Moscow; I’m not very familiar with the situation in the regions. So, in Moscow this transition is completely unprepared. And it’s not a matter of the law, but of the Moscow health care leadership, which has long known what was happening and where things were heading, and of course, it was necessary to prepare in advance. But it turned out as it happened now - the law came into force, but we don’t know what to do. There is a feeling that our city is not ready for the transition to gratuitous donations.

On currently this law will absolutely lead to corruption in this area. On the one hand, there is nothing terrible about looking for a donor on your own. It’s normal to come and donate blood for your friend. Or . But the so-called “gray donation” - when relatives pay some people to donate blood - will, of course, happen. Because currently in Moscow there is a shortage of gratuitous donations and a very serious one. This is due to the fact that everything last years Moscow relied on paid donation. And if you write everywhere that we pay money for blood, and quite a lot of it, that means people who need money will come to you.

If we prepare the ground in advance, a couple of years in advance, that we attract gratuitous donors, that it is not painful, not scary, not dangerous, convenient and very good, then a contingent of gratuitous donors will be formed.

However, we have taken the first step. So it has what we have.

Bobrov Boris Yurievich, endovascular surgeon, candidate medical sciences, medical director of the European Clinic (SPC modern surgery and Oncology), Head of the Department of Endovascular Surgery of the Perinatal medical center, leading researcher at the Center for X-ray Surgery of the Russian State Medical University named after. N.I. Pirogova:

This law may lead to sharp decline number of donors, and consequently, to a shortage of blood and its components. To be honest, we already felt this immediately after January 1, when many stations stopped selling blood to private clinics due to shortages. At the same time, we had big problems with guidance severe patients, with the implementation of complex surgical interventions. Now the situation has more or less stabilized, but there is still great concern about the provision of blood components.

Galina Timofeevna Kholmogorova, senior researcher at the Center preventive medicine, Ph.D.:

Payments to donors had their drawbacks, if only because homeless people made money from it, and their blood was taken carelessly and not checked, which could lead to infections. But this is one side of the coin. To donate, it is necessary that the people themselves be highly moral, very healthy, who will donate blood for free, understanding that they are thereby giving someone life. I myself lost three liters of blood during childbirth and I know that 12 people saved me. I then rewrote all the names and wrote a letter to the station with gratitude both for my life and for the fact that my child is not growing up as an orphan. Then these people saved me, and I understand that only thanks to these people I remained alive.

Karlsson Julia, CEO Doctor Plastic clinics:

Of course, world experience suggests that donation should be free. But in Russia the situation is different, and donating blood for free has not justified itself. Moscow alone needs more than 200 liters of donor blood every day. And more than 30% of the blood for transfusion in Moscow comes from other regions of Russia.

With the adoption of amendments to the law “On the Donation of Blood and Its Components,” there is a risk of a shortage of blood supplies for patients who require transfusions.

The relationship between doctors, paid donors and patients can go into the shadows and generally escape the attention of legislators and regulatory agencies, which is fraught with speculation on the one hand and a risk to the health of patients on the other.

And in this case, the priority should not be the economy, but, first of all, concern for the health of citizens and the preservation of their lives.

This article is for those who have decided to become a donor, but have doubts. Of course, blood donation is a noble and voluntary matter. But can everyone become a donor?

• What should a person who decides to become a donor know?
• Are there any age restrictions?
• What diseases are absolute and relative contraindications to blood donation?
• What tests are required to become a blood donor?
• Is blood donation dangerous and are the doubts of people who decide to become a blood donor justified?

Let's discuss with the therapist Evgenia Anatolyevna Kuznetsova .

How to become a blood donor

There is blood donation, plasma and blood component donation. Nowadays, whole blood is rarely used for transfusion due to large quantity complications, mainly plasma and blood components. And if you have already decided to become a donor, then you should at least 18 years old and no more than 60(Although upper limit age is not so strict, it depends more on the health status of the donor). Your weight should be at least 50 kilograms.

When the state of health meets the standards required for blood donation, those wishing to donate blood must come with a passport and military ID (for men) to the blood transfusion station and undergo a questionnaire, as well as take blood tests: general, biochemical, hepatitis, RW, HIV- infection, and undergo an examination by a general practitioner. Not only a citizen of the Russian Federation can become a blood donor, but also foreign citizen who has lived in the Russian Federation for at least one year.

Where to donate blood

So, to become a blood donor, you need to go to a blood transfusion station in your city.

According to the law “On the donation of blood and its components” private medical organizations Since 2013, they cannot take blood, nor even procure, store, or transport it. This law was passed in order to tighten blood testing, storage and transfusion, thereby protecting recipients from possible infection and complications associated with blood transfusion.

In order to donate blood, let’s say in Moscow, just enter “Where can I donate blood in Moscow?” into the search engine to display a list of blood transfusion stations in the city of Moscow.

Using the list, you can choose a blood transfusion station that is closer to you in geographical location. On in this example you can easily find a list of blood transfusion stations in your city.

Which blood types are more in demand for donation?

Donation of any blood group and Rh factor is necessary, but it should be noted that the most rare group blood is the fourth negative, because it is the most difficult to find: only 7% of people on the planet have this blood type. The most common blood group is the first positive, but there is a law according to which only identical blood can be transfused from a donor to a recipient according to group and Rh factor. However, since this is the most common blood type (45% of the world's population has the first positive group blood), then he needs it large quantity Human. Therefore, no matter what blood you have, have no doubt - it is your blood that is needed.

How often can you donate blood?

Men can donate blood no more than five times a year, women only four. At least sixty days must pass between two blood donations. Plasma can be donated more often - up to twice a month, but if you donated whole blood, you can donate plasma only after a month.

As we have already said, to become a blood donor you need to take blood tests:

• General
• Biochemical
• For hepatitis

Preparing to donate blood

Before donating blood for donation, you must abstain for three days from fatty, spicy, excessively salty foods, drinking alcohol and smoking. The dinner the day before should be light; in the morning before the procedure, it is advisable to drink sweet tea with bread.

Donation procedure

For the convenience of the donor, the procedure itself takes place in the donor chair. Using sterile instruments, 400 to 500 grams of blood are taken from the donor over 15 minutes, starting from 50 drops per minute. Part of the blood is sent for tests for infections, group and Rh factor. Plasma donation lasts about 30 minutes, platelets - 1.5 hours.

Immediately after blood sampling, you should not engage in physical labor, drive vehicles, or drink alcohol.

Is donation safe?

Yes. Blood donation is absolutely safe. Sterile instruments are used to draw blood; the feeling of weakness and dizziness during and after the procedure quickly disappears.

However, there are relative and absolute contraindications for blood donation.

Absolute contraindications for blood donation

Absolute contraindications for blood donation are diseases such as:

• HIV AIDS,
• Viral hepatitis
• Tuberculosis
• Syphilis
• Infectious diseases
• Malignant tumors
• Central nervous system diseases
• Mental illness

Relative contraindications are temporary contraindications; these include some diseases and conditions in which donation is temporarily contraindicated. Relative contraindications are:

• Operations, small surgical interventions(removal of a tooth)
• Pregnancy, lactation
• ARVI, sore throat
• Menstruation
• Allergies in the acute stage
• And etc.

After blood donation

After donating blood, there is a decrease in the number of red blood cells and subsequently hemoglobin - the most common occurrence. If your body is prone to anemia, then you cannot become a donor.

Platelets can be donated no more than once every three months, because when donating platelets, sodium citrate is administered, which washes calcium from the bones. Therefore, platelet donors need to take vitamins containing calcium.

After the donation, there may be nausea, chills, weakness, and dizziness, which soon disappear. It is these symptoms that most often frighten potential donors and raise doubts that donation is safe for health. But if, according to the results of tests and examination by a general practitioner, there are no absolute and relative contraindications, then there is no need to worry - donation is absolutely safe, and the symptoms of weakness and dizziness will soon go away on their own. However, it is necessary to remember that after donating blood, you need to sit for 15 minutes, eat food and avoid physical labor that day.

Is it possible to charge money for donation?

Do not forget that the life you save has no price, but you should know that the donor has the right to refuse food in favor of a monetary reward. In 2017, the legislation provides for payment for 450 grams of blood in the amount of 8 to 45% of the subsistence level, depending on the blood type and demand for it, monetary compensation for food in the amount of 5%, two days off with pay. There is also the title of “honorary donor” - in order to receive this title, you must donate whole blood at least forty times or plasma at least sixty times. There is no need to take money for donation. If you have been awarded this title, then by law you will receive an annual payment in the amount of 12,373 rubles (amount for 2017).

Exist mandatory benefits :

• Free hot meals
• Two days off with pay
• Vouchers for sanatorium-resort treatment are provided to donors on a first-come, first-served basis

Attitude Orthodox Church to blood donation

The Orthodox Church has a positive attitude towards blood donation.

If you decide to become a donor and are thinking about how to do it, or you still have questions and doubts, then you can contact the official websites about blood donation:

Myths about donation

There are myths about donation . The most common myth is that donation is harmful. This is a myth, because when donating blood, the body is forced to produce blood, thereby renewing blood cells, activating the immune system, the body begins to work in an enhanced mode, work is activated internal organs also “trains” in case of blood loss.

There is a common myth that the donor can become infected during blood collection. This is also a myth because only sterile instruments are used for blood collection.

It is also important that donation affects everyone.

Even more myths about donation

So, we can conclude that in the absence of relative and absolute contraindications and satisfactory health, blood donation is absolutely safe and even beneficial for the body, because it leads to the renewal of blood cells. Donation reduces the risk of heart attack several times, activates the red cell system bone marrow, and improves immunity. Donation helps to “unload” the liver and spleen, which has a beneficial effect on the body. According to some data, blood donation reduces the risk of developing atherosclerosis, blood clots and coronary disease hearts.

It is worth giving up the fear of becoming a donor - it is honorable, safe and even healthy. Give the gift of life - become a donor!

Therapist E.A. Kuznetsova

Significant blood loss is life-threatening, and in this case, prompt transfusion is required. Then a blood donor comes to the rescue - a volunteer who gives part of his own to save another person. The word “donor” is translated from Latin - “to give.” Transfusion is vital in a number of cases, such as:

• injuries, surgical interventions, difficult childbirth, severe burns, etc.;
• anemia;
• heavy bleeding that does not stop for a long time;
• purulent-septic diseases;
• acute intoxication;
• severe toxicosis.

Donation law

To organize donation and resolve issues regarding blood procurement, transportation, storage and its safe use, the Law “On Donors of Blood and Its Components” was issued. This document determines who can become a blood donor, what requirements are imposed on him, responsibilities are imposed and rights are granted. The law provides health protection and protection of the rights of both the recipient and the person donating blood.

In 2013, a new law came into force. The changes were made to abolish paid donation, improve the quality of blood and blood products, and create a unified database. According to the new law, some benefits for blood donors have been cancelled. From now on, blood is donated only free of charge. Only free food is provided, but no monetary compensation. Now they pay for blood only in cases of complex transfusions. An honorary donor (who has donated blood at least 40 times or plasma at least 60 times) now receives an annual payment of 1.5 times more.

Who can donate blood?

A citizen of the Russian Federation who has reached 18 years of age, has suitable health conditions and weighs at least 50 kilograms can become a blood donor. If previously only a Russian citizen could donate blood, then under the new law, a foreigner who has lived legally in the Russian Federation for at least 1 year can also do so.

How to become?

How to become a blood donor? You need to come with your passport and military ID (for men) to the transfusion station and register. To do this, you need to fill out a form, answer all questions honestly, and go through medical examination, which includes a blood test (general, biochemical, hepatitis, RW, HIV infection) and an examination by a general practitioner. During your initial visit, you can donate blood only the next day after a medical examination and laboratory testing.

Submission rules

You can't donate blood often. Men can do this no more than 5 times a year. For women, there are slightly different requirements - a maximum of four times a year. In both cases, the interval between whole blood donation procedures is at least 60 days. Plasma can be donated twice a month, but only a month after donating the whole plasma.

Donors donate whole blood or its components. Plasma is often required and may also require transfusion of donor platelets, red blood cells, in rare cases– leukocytes

Who cannot be a donor?

Exist absolute contraindications for donation and temporary. In the first case we're talking about about people who will never be able to donate blood for transfusion due to illnesses, no matter how much time passes after recovery. These include people who suffer from or have had the following diseases:

• AIDS, HIV carriage, as well as being in a risk group (drug addicts, prostitutes, homosexuals);
• viral hepatitis;
• tuberculosis;
• syphilis;
• typhus;
• brucellosis;
• leishmaniasis;
• toxoplasmosis;
• tularemia;
• leprosy;
• blood diseases;
• malignant tumors;
• organic central nervous system diseases;
• mental illness;
• complete absence of speech and hearing;
• drug addiction, alcoholism;
• cardiac ischemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension 2 and 3 degrees, heart defects, myocarditis, endocarditis;
• thrombophlebitis;
• bronchial asthma;
• pulmonary enphysema, obstructive bronchitis;
• cirrhosis of the liver;
• chronic liver diseases;
• Achilles gastritis;
• stomach ulcer;
• systemic connective tissue diseases;
• complete blindness;
• endocrine diseases with severe metabolic disorders;
• inflammatory and infectious skin diseases;
• high degree of myopia;
• severe acute and chronic ENT diseases;
• radiation sickness;
• osteomyelitis;
• psoriasis, eczema, sycosis, erythroderma;
• fungal infections of the skin and internal organs;
• surgeries for organ transplantation and resection.

Temporary restrictions:

• operations, abortions;
• business trips abroad for more than two months;
• acupuncture treatment, tattooing;
• stay in countries with tropical and subtropical climates for at least three months;
• ARVI, sore throat, flu, others infectious diseases, which are not provided for in the section of absolute contraindications;
• tooth extraction;
• vegetative-vascular dystonia;
• inflammatory diseases of any localization (chronic or acute) in the acute stage;
• menstruation;
• pregnancy and lactation;
• allergies in aggravation;
• vaccinations;
• treatment with antibiotics, analgesics, salicylates;
• drinking alcohol;
• changes in blood composition.

A temporary ban on donation can range from 10 days to several months and a year, depending on the reason.

Preparation for the procedure

1. A diet must be followed for three days before the test. Can't eat fatty foods and drink alcohol.
2. It is not recommended to come to the transfusion center in the morning after a night shift.
3. On the eve of the procedure, you should have a light dinner; on the day of the procedure, only sweet tea and bread are allowed.
4. Immediately after blood sampling, you should not drink alcohol, engage in physical labor, or drive vehicles.

How is the procedure done?

The procedure is performed in the donor chair. Only disposable sterile instruments are used and must be destroyed. 450 grams of material are taken from the donor, part of which is sent for analysis. The blood is checked for contraindications, group and Rh factor. A small amount is then administered to the recipient and his condition is monitored. If he feels normal, begin transfusion at a rate of about 50 drops per minute. The procedure for donating whole blood takes about 15 minutes, plasma - about 30 minutes, platelets - about 1.5 hours.

Blood collection is carried out in comfortable conditions for the donor using only disposable sterile instruments

After the procedure, you need to rest for about 15 minutes and drink sweet tea or juice. If you feel dizzy, you should consult a doctor. You should not smoke for about an hour, and you should not engage in physical labor during the day.

Privileges

The donor is released from work (military personnel from duty) on the day of the procedure and the next day, while the average earnings are maintained.

On the day of donation, the donor is provided with free food.

For those who donate blood free of charge during the year in the amount of two maximum doses Additional benefits are provided:

• temporary disability benefits in the amount of full earnings throughout the year, regardless of illness and length of service;
• discounted vouchers to a sanatorium provided at the place of study or work;
• providing free iron-containing drugs and vitamins to prevent anemia;
• students - a 25% supplement to the scholarship from the local budget for six months.

The following benefits are provided for honorary donors:

1. Free dental prosthetics in public medical institutions (except for precious metals, metal-ceramics, porcelain).
2. A 50% discount on medicines, according to the list approved by the government.
3. Free travel on public transport (except taxis).
4. 50% discount on utility bills.
5. Annual paid leave at a time convenient for the donor.
6. Priority provision discounted vouchers to the sanatorium.
7. Preferential loans for housing construction.

Is donation harmful?

Not everyone decides to donate blood because they do not know whether donation is harmful or not. There are many rumors and different opinions surrounding this topic.

Doctors say that being a donor is not harmful or dangerous:

• Blood can only be donated healthy people, have been examined, and passing 450 grams is not a threat to health.
• Only disposable instruments are used; they are opened in front of the donor.
• Regular blood donation has a positive effect on health, and a person quickly gets used to the loss and recovery and easily tolerates it. After two weeks, its volume is completely restored.
• All donor rights are protected by law.

Conclusion

Donation is a necessary and noble cause. When blood is needed for a transfusion, it is often a matter of life and death. Thanks to the volunteers, who are now not paid, many will be saved, not only strangers, but perhaps even those closest to them.