How and with what drugs to treat influenza. Treatment of influenza in adults and children - medicines and folk recipes
Instructions for use
Attention! The information is provided for informational purposes only. This instruction should not be used as a guide to self-medication. The need for prescription, methods and doses of the drug are determined exclusively by the attending physician.
general characteristics
Compound
active substance: disulfiram; 1 tablet contains disulfiram in terms of 100% dry matter – 150 mg;
Excipients: povidone, macrogol 6000, lactose monohydrate, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate.
Dosage form. Pills.
Pharmacotherapeutic group
Means used for alcohol addiction. ATC code N07B B01.
Indications for use
Chronic (Chronic- a long, continuous, protracted process, occurring either constantly or with periodic improvements in the condition) alcoholism (prevention of relapse during treatment).
Contraindications
. Absolute contraindications (Absolute contraindications- such conditions when, for some reason, the use of the method is categorically not recommended due to possible consequences)
: endocrine diseases (thyrotoxicosis (Thyrotoxicosis- a syndrome caused by the effect of excess thyroxine and triiodothyronine on target tissue. There are many causes of thyrotoxicosis\; the most common cause is diffuse toxic goiter(Graves disease). The clinical picture includes the effect of hormones on different organs. Symptoms of activation of the sympathoadrenal system are characteristic: tachycardia, tremor, sweating, anxiety. These symptoms are eliminated by beta blockers), diabetes); severe cardiosclerosis; atherosclerosis (Atherosclerosis- a systemic disease characterized by damage to the arteries with the formation of lipid (mainly cholesterol) deposits in the inner lining of the vessels, which leads to a narrowing of the lumen of the vessel up to complete blockage) brain vessels; cardiac ischemia (Cardiac ischemia– chronic pathological process, which is caused by insufficient blood supply to the myocardium. Most cases (97–98%) are the result of atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries of the heart. Main clinical forms are angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and coronarogenic (atherosclerotic) cardiosclerosis); arterial hypertension (Arterial hypertension- a disease characterized by increased blood pressure more than 140/90 mm Hg. Art.) II-III stages; severe vascular diseases; pulmonary tuberculosis with hemoptysis; recent onset tuberculosis infiltrate (Infiltrate- accumulation in body tissues cellular elements mixed with blood and lymph. The most common are inflammatory and tumor infiltrate); bronchial asthma; severe pulmonary emphysema; bleeding stomach ulcer; severe liver and kidney diseases; hematopoietic disorders; mental illness; infections CNS (CNS- the main part of the nervous system, represented by the spinal cord and brain. Functionally, the peripheral and central nervous systems represent a single whole. The most complex and specialized part of the central nervous system is cerebral hemispheres brain); epilepsy and epileptiform syndrome; polyneuritis; auditory neuritis and optic nerve; glaucoma; malignant tumors; pregnancy period; increased sensitivity to disulfiram.
Relative contraindications: residual effects after organic damage brain; residual effects after central nervous system infections and stroke (Stroke- acute cerebrovascular accident (hemorrhage, etc.) with hypertension, atherosclerosis, etc. Manifested by headache, vomiting, disturbance of consciousness, paralysis, etc.); age over 60 years; endarteritis; peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum (Duodenum- the initial section of the small intestine (from the gastric outlet to the jejunum). The length of the human duodenum is equal to the diameter of 12 fingers (hence the name)) in the acute stage; previous disulfiram psychosis.
Directions for use and doses
Teturam is used orally. The drug in doses of 150–450 mg per day is used for 7–10 days. Teturam should be taken in the morning, during breakfast.
After 7-10 days from the start of treatment, the first disulfiram-alcohol test is carried out: after taking the drug in the morning at a dose of 450-750 mg, the patient drinks 20-30 ml of a 40% solution of ethyl alcohol or vodka, or another appropriate alcoholic drink.
Repeated tests are carried out in a hospital setting after 1 - 2 days, in outpatient setting– in 3 – 5 days.
If the reaction is weak, the dose of alcohol during subsequent tests is increased by 10–20 ml. The maximum dose is 100 – 120 ml.
Adverse reactions
May be due to:
directly with disulfiram and manifest itself as a metallic taste in the mouth, rarely - hepatitis, neuropsychiatric disorders, peripheral polyneuritis, memory impairment, disorientation, asthenia (Asthenia (asthenic syndrome) - a patient’s condition, which is manifested by increased fatigue, frequent mood swings, irritable weakness, hyperesthesia, tearfulness, autonomic disorders and sleep disorders), headaches, skin allergic reactions;
a combination of disulfiram with ethyl alcohol and appear as collapse (Collapse– heavy, life-threatening condition characterized sharp decline arterial and venous pressure, depression of the central nervous system and metabolic disorders), violations heart rate, seizures angina pectoris (Angina pectoris- a syndrome caused by myocardial ischemia and characterized by the episodic appearance of a feeling of discomfort or pressure in the precordial region, which in typical cases occurs during physical activity and disappears after its cessation or taking nitroglycerin under the tongue (angina pectoris)), myocardial infarction (Myocardial infarction- ischemic necrosis of the myocardium, caused by a sharp decrease in the blood supply to one of its segments. The basis of MI is an acutely developed thrombus, the formation of which is associated with rupture atherosclerotic plaque)
, edema (Edema– tissue swelling as a result of a pathological increase in the volume of interstitial fluid) brain, hemorrhagic stroke.
Overdose
Symptoms: confusion, collapse, coma, neurological complications.
In case of a severe disulfiram-alcohol reaction lasting 1.5 hours (manifested by severe headache with a feeling of fullness and pulsation, severe difficulty breathing, a significant decrease in blood pressure, psychomotor agitation, convulsions, confusion), 15–20 ml of a 1% aqueous solution of methylene blue, subcutaneously - niketamide or camphor, intramuscularly - cititon or lobeline, carry out oxygen therapy (Oxygen therapy- introduction with therapeutic purpose oxygen into the respiratory tract ( oxygen bags, inhalers), gastrointestinal tract or subcutaneously for certain heart diseases, lung diseases, poisoning).
In case of severe nausea and vomiting, 10 ml of a 10% solution of calcium chloride or calcium gluconate is administered intravenously, orally - drugs containing extract (Extract - dosage form, obtained by extracting the active component from medicinal raw materials using an extractant, according to the type of which extracts are divided into aqueous, alcoholic, ethereal, etc.) belladonna, atropine sulfate is injected subcutaneously.
In case of sharp depression of cardiac activity, strophanthin is administered intravenously; if convulsions occur, 10 ml of a 25% solution of magnesium sulfate, benzodiazepines are injected intramuscularly; psychomotor agitation– chlorpromazine.
The patient should be in a horizontal position.
Polyneuritis that occurs when using disulfiram goes away when prescribed vitamins (Vitamins - organic matter, formed in the body with the help of intestinal microflora or supplied with food, usually plant-based. Required for normal exchange substances and life activities) group B.
Features of application
Before using the drug, it is necessary to completely eliminate withdrawal symptoms.
You should completely stop taking sleeping pills 1 to 3 days before. tranquilizers (Tranquilizers(synonymous with anxiolytics, ataractics) - drugs that weaken or eliminate the state of fear, anxiety, restlessness),
antidepressants (Antidepressants- products that improve mood, relieve anxiety and tension, and increase mental activity. Used to treat depression) and neuroleptics.
Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding. During pregnancy and breastfeeding, the use of the drug is contraindicated.
Children. Studies on the use of the drug in pediatric practice were not carried out.
The ability to influence the reaction rate when driving vehicles or other mechanisms. The drug may affect the ability to drive vehicles and operate other machinery.
Special security measures. The use of disulfiram can be accompanied by significant side effects, so it should be used only if it is unavailable or ineffective alternative methods treatment.
Treatment with disulfiram is carried out after thorough examination patient and provided that he has no contraindications to therapy (Therapy- 1. The field of medicine that studies internal diseases is one of the oldest and most fundamental medical specialties. 2. Part of a word or phrase used to indicate a type of treatment ( oxygen therapy\; hemotherapy - treatment with blood products)). The patient should be explained the meaning of therapy and prohibited from drinking alcohol during treatment.
Treatment with Teturam is carried out under the supervision of a doctor.
Interaction with other drugs and other types of interactions
Teturama combinations are undesirable:
- with isoniazid– possible violations of behavior and coordination;
- with nitroimidazoles(metronidazole, ornidazole, secnidazole, tinidazole) - possible acute delirium tremens, state of confusion;
- with phenytoin– possibly significant and rapid rise phenytoin levels in plasma (Plasma- the liquid part of the blood that contains shaped elements(erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets). Changes in the composition of blood plasma are used to diagnose various diseases(rheumatism, diabetes, etc.). Medicines are prepared from blood plasma) blood from toxic (Toxic- poisonous, harmful to the body) manifestations (due to inhibition of its metabolism (Metabolism- the totality of all types of transformations of substances and energy in the body, ensuring its development, life activity and self-reproduction, as well as its connection with environment and adaptation to changes external conditions)
).
Combinations requiring caution:
- with warfarin and others oral (Orally- route of administration of the drug through the mouth (per os)) anticoagulants the effect of oral administration increases anticoagulants (Anticoagulants- drugs that reduce blood clotting) and the risk of bleeding. Prothrombin levels should be monitored more frequently and anticoagulant doses adjusted during treatment and for 8 days after discontinuation of disulfiram;
- with theophylline– the dose of theophylline should be reduced taking into account clinical symptoms and the concentration of the drug in the blood plasma (disulfiram changes the metabolism of theophylline);
- with benzodiazepines– disulfiram may potentiate sedative (Sedative- a drug that has a general calming effect on the central nervous system, without noticeable decrease physical and mental performance) effect of benzodiazepines by inhibiting their oxidative metabolism (especially chlordiazepoxide and diazepam). Benzodiazepine dosages must be adjusted;
- with tricyclic antidepressants– possible increase in alcohol intolerance.
Pharmacological properties
Pharmacodynamics. Teturam is a specific treatment agent chronic alcoholism. The effect of disulfiram is due to its ability to disrupt the metabolism of alcohol. In the body, disulfiram is converted into N,N-diethyldithiocarbamic acid and other metabolites that block metal ions and sulfhydryl groups enzymes (Enzymes- specific proteins that can significantly accelerate chemical reactions occurring in the body without being part of the final reaction products, i.e. are biological catalysts. Each type of enzyme catalyzes the transformation of certain substances (substrates), sometimes only a single substance in a single direction. Therefore, numerous biochemical reactions carries out a huge number of different enzymes in cells. Enzyme preparations widely used in medicine) involved in the neutralization of alcohol. Ethanol in the body undergoes oxidative transformations through phase (Phase- a homogeneous, physically independent and separable part of a complex system) acetaldehyde and acetic acid. By blocking enzyme biotransformation (Biotransformation- totality chemical transformations medicinal or xenogeneic substance in the body) alcohol by alcohol dehydrogenase, disulfiram promotes the accumulation of acetaldehyde in the blood after drinking alcohol with the development of characteristic toxic effects (nausea, vomiting, hyperemia (Hyperemia- plethora caused by increased blood flow to any organ or tissue area (arterial, active hyperemia) or obstructed outflow (venous, passive, congestive hyperemia). Accompanies any inflammation. Artificial hyperemia is caused for therapeutic purposes (compresses, heating pads, cups)) skin, feeling of heat in the face and upper torso, chest pain, difficulty breathing, noise in the head, palpitations, dizziness, fear, chills, decreased blood pressure, etc.). The administration of alcohol against the background of the action of disulfiram allows one to develop a persistent negative conditioned reflex (Reflex- an involuntary congenital or acquired reaction of a living organism to external irritation) the taste and smell of alcohol and long-term treatment achieve partial or complete intolerance to alcohol.
Pharmacokinetics. After oral administration, it is quickly, but not completely (70–90%) absorbed from the digestive tract. The duration of action is 48 hours. Disulfiram is rapidly metabolized by reduction to diethyldithiocarbamate, which is released in the form of conjugates, or to diethylamine and carbon disulfide (from 4 to 53%). Carbon disulfide is released through the lungs.
Pharmaceutical characteristics
Basic physical and chemical properties: tablets are white or white with a slightly yellowish-greenish tint, round in shape, with a flat surface with beveled edges (chamfer) and a score.
General Product Information
Best before date. 4 years.
Storage conditions. Store in a dry place, protected from light and out of reach of children, at a temperature not exceeding 25 ºС.
Package. 10 tablets per blister, 1 or 5 blisters per pack. 10 tablets in contour-free packaging.
Manufacturer.CJSC Scientific and Production Center "Borshchagovsky Chemical and Pharmaceutical Plant".
Location. 03680, Ukraine, Kiev, st. Mira, 17.
Website. www.bhfz.com.ua
This material is presented in free form based on the official instructions for medical use of the drug.
Tablets for alcoholism "Teturam" are a drug based on disulfiram of provocative action, that is, it causes unpleasant symptoms that predispose to the development of an aversion to alcoholic beverages. Narcologists say that the effectiveness of such therapy reaches 75%. However, the treatment regimen and method of taking the medicine - oral or “sewn” capsules under the skin - are chosen individually.
"Teturam" is available only in the form of white flat-cylindrical tablets. For stitching, dosages of 100 mg are usually used, while for oral therapy, tablets of 150 and 250 mg are used. The active substance is disulfiram. It inhibits the activity of enzymes responsible for the breakdown of ethanol. As a result, the process of removing residual decay products and other toxins slows down. The body begins to perceive alcohol as a poison, against the background of which an aversion to alcohol develops.
Teturam and alcohol are incompatible things. If alcohol is consumed during treatment, the patient will experience severe clinical picture. The main symptoms will be stomach pain, intestinal upset, nausea, vomiting and headache.
The bioavailability of the active substance is 70–90%. Once in the bloodstream, it accumulates in fatty tissues, from where it then begins to be gradually released. The total metabolic cycle takes 48 hours, although the first Clinical signs can be noticed 3 hours after taking the tablet. Severe symptoms and a tendency to reject alcohol begin after three days of use.
It is interesting that Teturam is excreted not only during urination and defecation, but also partially during exhalation.
How to use?
The instructions for use of Teturam describe in detail all the features of the administration. The recommended dosages are indicated there, but this information is presented more for informational purposes. Disulfiram is a powerful substance that can cause severe side effects, so the possibility of treatment, dosage and course duration are determined by the attending physician on an individual basis.
Treatment begins only after the following measures have been completed:
- in-depth examination to ensure there are no contraindications;
- a course of detoxification therapy and complete elimination of withdrawal symptoms;
- discontinuation of antipsychotics, antidepressants and sleeping pills 3 days before the start of therapy;
- determination of the level of liver transaminases.
During therapy, the patient must constantly monitor general indicators: condition, pulse, blood pressure, etc., as well as donate blood to screen laboratory parameters.
Under no circumstances should you give Teturam tablets to a patient without his knowledge. If a person unknowingly continues to drink alcohol, this can lead to severe intoxication up to fatal outcome. When consuming 50–80 g of vodka, heart and respiratory failure develops, and after 150 mg - death.
Contraindications
Disulfiram is considered basic drug in the treatment of alcoholism because it is cheap and effective. However, such therapy is not available to all patients due to the wide range of absolute contraindications:
- diseases digestive system: erosive lesions, acute phase of ulcer or gastritis, bleeding, liver and kidney failure;
- oncological processes;
- diseases of the central nervous system: mental disorders, epilepsy, infectious processes(meningitis, encephalitis);
- polyneuritis of any origin;
- convulsive syndromes;
- disruption of the production of thyroid hormones;
- diabetes;
- diseases of the spleen and bone marrow;
- diseases respiratory systems s: asthma, emphysema, tuberculosis;
- serious illnesses of cardio-vascular system;
- individual hypersensitivity to the active substance;
- early age;
- pregnancy and lactation.
With liver cirrhosis, the concentration of Teturam in the bloodstream increases, so clinical symptoms appear more pronounced than with liver disease mild insufficiency and medium degree.
As for relative contraindications, in which the use of Teturam for alcoholism is permitted, but only with caution and in a hospital setting, these include the following syndromes:
- old age (over 60 years);
- chronic heart and digestive diseases in remission phase;
- endarteritis;
- a history of strokes, central nervous system infections and psychoses that developed against the background.
Cross reactions
In addition to contraindications, Teturam has wide list drugs, the parallel use of which causes unpleasant drug interactions. Therefore, it is very important that the therapy is conducted by a qualified narcologist.
| "Teturam" + | Consequences |
|---|---|
| "Phenytoin" |
|
| "Imidazole" | development of delirium up to delirium tremens and alcoholic psychosis |
| "Isoniazid" |
|
| Anticoagulants (indirect) | the therapeutic effect of anticoagulants increases, which can lead to internal bleeding |
| "Chlorpromazine" | increased risk of developing hypotension |
| "Theophylline" | increased concentration of “Theophylline” with the risk of overdose |
| Benzodiazepines |
|
| Antidepressants (tricyclics) | strengthening of the body's aggressive reaction to alcohol-containing drinks caused by Teturam |
The table shows the main drugs. More full list presented in the instructions for use. Medicines containing appropriate active substances, can also cause undesirable consequences. If combined therapy is necessary, these drugs are still given to the patient, but only in a hospital setting, since constant monitoring of his condition is necessary.
Standard treatment regimen
The three-stage therapeutic regimen is classic technique treatment of drunkards and patients admitted to drug treatment due to severe intoxication. It cannot be called easy and comfortable, since during the treatment the patient experiences psychological discomfort and severe clinical picture. An aversion to alcohol is instilled in three stages.
- During the first period (7–10 days), the patient is advised to take 250–500 mg of the drug per day orally, depending on the patient’s condition and medical history. The tablets are divided into 2 doses, usually morning and evening. They are recommended to be taken with meals. At this stage, it is pointless to prescribe less than 150 mg, since it is necessary to achieve accumulation high concentration disulfiram in the bloodstream. And small doses will be quickly processed and disposed of.
- Duration of the second treatment period determined individually. It involves conducting provocative tests, when the patient is simultaneously prescribed Teturam and alcohol. After consuming a high dose of the drug, which is usually twice the amount prescribed in the first stage, the patient is given 20–30 g of vodka to drink. After this, within half an hour the patient begins an acute response of the body with characteristic symptoms: intoxication, headaches, nausea and vomiting. If this clinical picture stops after 20 minutes, then the test performed is considered weak and ineffective. Therefore, next time the amount of alcohol is increased by 10–20 g. The interval between samples is 1–2 days in a hospital setting and 3–5 days if treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis. The total number of samples is determined individually. The main goal of this stage is to achieve in the patient a persistent feeling of rejection of alcohol.
- The third period is necessary to consolidate the achieved effect. It can last up to 36 months when daily dose medication does not exceed 150 mg.
Due to the accumulation of disulfiram in adipose tissue, the therapeutic effect continues after discontinuation of the drug for about two weeks.
The “correct” reaction during a teturam alcohol test is manifested by the following symptoms:
- severe redness of the face and local or systemic hyperthermia;
- nausea and vomiting;
- general malaise;
- hypotension.
Acute reaction to teturam alcohol test
At the second stage of treatment, the development of acute alcohol poisoning due to the toxic effects of disulfiram. This is manifested by depressed breathing, convulsive syndrome and severe throbbing headache with a feeling of fullness. Poisoning is also indicated by a prolonged “correct” reaction, which lasts longer than 90 minutes. Depending on the symptoms that appear, treatment is prescribed.
Mandatory measures
- 15 ml methylene blue (1%) intravenously;
- “Camphor” and “Cordiamin” subcutaneously;
- “Strychnine”, “Ephedrine”, “Cititon” intramuscularly;
- oxygen inhalation;
- ascorbic acid solution with glucose intravenously
Additional measures for symptomatic indications:
| Symptoms | Cupping |
|---|---|
| heart pain | "Validol", "Corvalol", "Nitroglycerin" |
| blood pressure below 70/50 | "Mezaton" intravenously |
| worsening heart rhythm | dropper with "Strophanthin" |
| convulsions |
|
| vomiting and severe nausea |
|
| overexcitement | 1 ml "Aminazin" (2.5%) intramuscularly |
Short treatment regimen
Narcologists note that for patients who have consciously decided to quit drinking, therapy is much easier and more comfortable, and its effect is longer lasting, since there is a clear psychological message. For such patients, a three-week treatment regimen is recommended, involving only oral medication. The therapy goes like this:
It has long been proven that in 3 weeks you can develop a habit and get rid of it. Although alcohol dependence is a more complex biochemical attraction, with a strong desire and through drugs you can develop a tendency to healthy image life. However, if a craving for alcohol appears or in case of relapse, a repeated therapeutic course of disulfiram is indicated.
Sew-in method
“Hedging,” or as people say “coding,” is a procedure in which the patient is made a small incision in the skin, 8 100 mg tablets are placed under the epidermis, and then sutured. In a couple of days, the tablets dissolve, and the active substance is deposited in lipid tissues, from where it is released for at least six months. At this time, the patient feels all the unpleasant symptoms of drinking alcohol.
This treatment regimen is much more popular, since there is no need to take pills for a long time and, moreover, to carry out painful alcohol tests. Its therapeutic effect is longer, although after about 9 months disulfiram is completely removed from the body. If during this time a psychological aversion to alcohol has not developed, then there is a risk of relapse, just as after oral therapy.
Teturam “stitching” can cause polyneuropathy, so the “coded” patient is prescribed a mandatory course of B vitamins. If this complication If it develops anyway, it is necessary to remove the tablets.
Consequences of taking
Treatment of alcoholism requires the use of quite powerful and toxic drugs, which is disulfiram. Therefore, in the process of taking the drug "Teturam" can cause various side effects and undesirable consequences. Conventionally, they can be divided into three groups:
| Adverse reactions caused by | ||
|---|---|---|
| properties of the drug | simultaneous intake of alcohol | long-term use of the drug |
|
|
|
If urine darkens, jaundice develops, severe asthenia or anorexia, it is necessary to urgently stop taking the medication and begin a high-quality liver cleansing. Due to the high hepatotoxicity of disulfiram, there are cases where such treatment led to the need for liver transplantation or death. The development of paresthesia, manifested by stabbing sensations in the legs, indicates the development acute reaction, in which it is necessary to urgently stop treatment with Teturam.
The simultaneous use of disulfiram with alcohol is very dangerous and causes weight loss. unpleasant symptoms. Therefore, it is necessary to completely avoid the use of products containing ethanol. This includes not only alcoholic beverages, but also certain foods, other medications (usually syrups, tinctures, and oral solutions), and even cosmetical tools, such as aftershave gel and mouthwash.
LS-000545Trade name of the drug:
Teturam
International generic name drug:
Disulfiram
Chemical rational name:
Tetraethylthiuram disulfide
Dosage form:
Pills
Compound:
1 tablet contains:
Active substance: disulfiram - 150 mg
Excipients: potato starch, colloidal silicon dioxide (aerosil), stearic acid to obtain a tablet weighing 180 mg.
Description
Round, flat-cylindrical tablets of white or white with a slightly yellowish-greenish tint, with a bevel.
Pharmacotherapeutic group:
Drug for the treatment of alcoholism
ATX code: V03AA01
Pharmachologic effect:
Pharmacodynamics:
The action of the drug is based on the blockade of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, which is involved in metabolism ethyl alcohol. This leads to an increase in the concentration of ethyl alcohol metabolite - acetaldehyde, which causes negative sensations (flushing, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, decreased blood pressure (BP), etc.), which make drinking alcohol extremely unpleasant after taking Teturam. This leads to a conditioned reflex aversion to the taste and smell of alcoholic beverages.
Pharmacokinetics
After oral administration, the absorption of teturam from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) ranges from 70 to 90%. It is rapidly metabolized, being reduced to dithiocarbamate, which itself is excreted as a glucurone conjugate or converted to diethylamine and carbon sulfide, part of which (4-53%) is excreted through the lungs. The maximum therapeutic effect is achieved 12 hours after oral administration and can last for 10-14 days after cessation of treatment.
Indications:
Treatment and prevention of relapse of chronic alcoholism. As a detoxifying agent for chronic poisoning nickel
Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity, thyrotoxicosis, diseases of the cardiovascular system in the stage of decompensation (including pronounced cardiosclerosis, atherosclerosis cerebral vessels, pre- and post-infarction conditions, aortic aneurysm, coronary insufficiency, arterial hypertension stage II-III), pulmonary tuberculosis with hemoptysis, bronchial asthma, severe emphysema, erosive lesions of the gastrointestinal mucosa, peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum (in the acute stage), bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, kidney disease, liver failure, diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, neuropsychiatric diseases, infectious diseases of the central nervous system, polyneuropathy, neuritis of the auditory and optic nerves, glaucoma, malignant tumors, pregnancy, lactation.
Carefully - cardiovascular diseases in the stage of compensation, age over 60 years, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum (in remission), endarteritis, residual effects of cerebrovascular accident, history of psychosis while taking disulfiram.
Directions for use and doses
Treatment is prescribed after a thorough examination of the patient and warning about the consequences and complications. The drug is taken orally at a dose of 150-500 mg 2 times a day according to an individual regimen. After 7-10 days, a tetra-alcohol test is carried out (20-30 ml of 40% vodka after taking 500 mg of the drug), if the reaction is weak, the dose of alcohol is increased by 10-20 ml ( maximum dose vodka 100-120 ml). The test is repeated after 1-2 days in the hospital and after 3-5 days on an outpatient basis, adjusting the doses of alcohol and/or drug as necessary. In the future, you can use a maintenance dose of 150-200 mg per day for 1-3 years.Side effects:
Due to the properties of teturam:
Related to the teturam-ethyl alcohol combination:
Cases of respiratory failure have been described; cardiovascular collapse, rhythm disturbances, angina pectoris, sometimes myocardial infarction, and neurological disorders; cerebral edema.
Complications with long-term use: rarely psychoses resembling alcoholism, hepatitis, gastritis; in persons suffering from cardiovascular diseases, thrombosis of cerebral vessels is possible, therefore, if you complain of paresthesia in the limbs and face, you should immediately discontinue the drug; exacerbation of polyneuritis.
When taking doses of alcohol over 50-80 ml of vodka while taking Teturam, severe disorders of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, edema, and convulsions develop. In this case, detoxification therapy is urgently carried out, analeptics are administered, symptomatic treatment. Overdose
The combination of teturam and ethanol can cause depression of consciousness up to coma, cardiovascular collapse, and neurological complications. Treatment is symptomatic. Interaction with other drugs
Contraindicated combinations:
Avoid drinking alcohol and medicines containing alcohol.
Undesirable combinations:
If the combination cannot be avoided, it should be clinical observation and monitoring plasma drug concentrations during and after treatment with teturam.
Combinations requiring caution:
Special instructions:
In case of simultaneous administration with oral anticoagulants, it is necessary to carry out more frequent monitoring of prothrombin levels and adjustment of doses of anticoagulants, which is associated with increased risk development of bleeding. Release form
Tablets 150 mg. 10 tablets in a blister pack made of polyvinyl chloride film and printed varnished aluminum foil. 30 or 50 tablets per polymer jar or polymer bottle. Each jar, bottle, 3 or 5 contour packages along with instructions for use are placed in a cardboard pack. Storage conditions
List B.
In a dry place, protected from light and out of reach of children, at a temperature not exceeding 25°C. Best before date
4 years.
Do not use the drug after the date indicated on the package. Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies
On prescription. Manufacturer/organization receiving claims:
JSC "AVVA RUS", Russia, 610044
Kirov, st. Luganskaya, 53A.
Is it possible to cure alcoholism with one pill? What are the advantages, contraindications and side effects against drug overdose according to doctors? Not every person asks such questions. Medicines prescribed by a doctor are taken without understanding their purpose and the principle of action and consequences when combined with certain substances.
Teturam is also contraindicated for diseases; they are given in the instructions for use. Each method of combating addiction includes three types: psychological training, drug treatment and additional health measures. With this set, you can effectively fight alcoholism.
Description of medication for alcohol addiction
As drug prevention addiction, a medicine called Teturam may be used. The drug is based on the well-known substance disulfiram, used in the earliest versions of all drugs that affect drug addiction. The tablets are suitable for the treatment of moderate binge drinking and chronic alcoholism. The action is based on the retention of acetaldehyde in the patient’s body, which is produced as a result of the interaction of ethanol with liver enzymes. This substance is formed due to a chemical reaction, as an intermediate stage in the breakdown of alcohol molecules.
Acetaldehyde is toxic substance for the body and can cause various unfavorable conditions. At normal course alcohol must be converted into carbon dioxide and water. Teturam slows down these processes and acetaldehyde accumulates in the body, causing an aversion to alcoholic beverages. Manifestations of tablets:
With further alcohol intake, conditions are created that promote synthesis in the liver. fatty acids and glycerin. Neutral liver fats can be exceeded in such conditions by 12 times or more. Cholesterol and fats saturate the blood, causing unpredictable consequences body reactions. The patient produces persistent disgust to alcohol.
When is a drug for addiction prescribed?
Every medical drug requires careful reading of its instructions and reviews. When treating alcohol addiction, several methods are used, depending on the stage of drunkenness:
The work of a psychotherapist is to establish the mental state of an alcoholic, determine the degree of drunkenness and dependence on alcohol. Disturbances in worldview occur after short and frequent use of ethanol. Shifts towards praising the drink are inevitable and pass unnoticed by the patient himself. For the addict the world does not change, alcohol quietly enters a person’s life and replaces former values with others aimed at one thing - finding a reason to drink.
The patient gradually develops physical dependence when giving up alcohol threatens work impairment internal systems person. In these cases, a course of rehabilitation is carried out and pills are prescribed for addiction, because during treatment, alcohol can provoke undesirable conditions, and the thirst to drink persists for a long time.
Teturam develops an aversion to alcohol in three directions:
- taste reflexes;
- visual (psychological) perception;
- touch of ethanol vapor.
The effect of drinking alcohol is comparable to an allergic reaction. Without examining the patient's health, there may be anaphylactic shock which leads to death. Such cases occurred in medical practice. On the Internet you can find many negative reviews about the drug Teturam. They occur when the treatment method is incorrectly selected or the conditions for taking the pills are violated.
Frequency of use
The dosage of Teturam is selected individually and averages 0.5 grams per day. This amount does not cause side effects or reduces them to a minimum. The course of treatment with the drug is designed for 10 days, then the result of the medical effect is assessed. The patient drinks up to 30 ml of ethanol and the consequences of drinking are recorded. The previously described symptoms are observed. If during the procedure the patient lost consciousness or experienced a severe headache, then the pills are abandoned. Further treatment is carried out under the supervision of a narcologist and is aimed at maintaining the result.
After a period of recovery, a second course of treatment using tablets can be carried out if the patient still feels a craving for alcohol. It is not recommended to take the drug for more than 10 days due to its severe toxicity. The tablets will not cause harm when consumed outside of ethanol. Only after reaction with alcohol molecules are dangerous substances formed. Test doses of alcohol are taken in a supine position to avoid injury during loss of consciousness.
The doctor is obliged to carry out treatment only after the patient’s personal consent and provision of comprehensive information on the drug Teturam. Often, such actions are absent and the patient does not read the instructions on his own. Ignorance of the interaction process between drugs and alcohol leads to negative consequences. That's how they appear negative reviews online.
Teturam can also be used in the early stages, such as beer alcoholism. Internal organs are in borderline conditions, further use will provoke a number of diseases and is required complete failure from alcohol. Tablets come to the rescue, but side effects and contraindications must be taken into account.
Harm and benefits of a medical product
Self-prescribing pills is not recommended. Disulfiram is a substance that has a huge list of side effects, as well as contraindications for use. Contraindications for Teturam:
Malignant tumors, glaucoma and liver problems are included in the list of prohibitions on taking the drug. Side effects are observed when consuming alcoholic drinks and products. These include kvass and fermentable products: kombucha and the favorite sauerkraut.
Side effects of Teturam have been experimentally established by the manufacturer:
- disturbances in the functioning of the heart, blood vessels and changes in blood composition;
- psychological problems, nervous manifestations;
- disorder in the digestive tract;
- severe liver conditions.
Harm from the medicine appears when quite long-term use over 10 days and high doses. In case of individual intolerance, acute allergic reactions may occur. On the part of the nervous system, some delusional states and hallucinations are possible. With more long-term use The drug causes schizophrenic moods and paranoid syndrome.
At severe conditions after an alcohol test, the introduction of additional substances is required, the action of which is aimed at reducing the clearly manifested symptoms. At home, determining the necessary remedy is problematic, much less preparing it. Tests should only be carried out under the supervision of a treating narcologist. Severe headaches and suffocating conditions that continue for more than an hour require administration of:
- intravenously water solution methylene blue;
- an injection under the skin - cordiamine or camphor;
- injection into muscles - strychnine, ephedrine or cititone;
- the lack of oxygen is compensated by timely inhalation through the respiratory tract;
- injection into a vein helps replenish glucose and ascorbic acid;
- heart function is normalized by injecting a solution of stophantine or isotonic sodium chloride into a vein;
- cramps are eliminated by taking magnesium sulfate as an injection into the muscle;
- nausea and vomiting are relieved with calcium chloride or glucanate administered into a vein;
- the state of excessive nervous excitability of motor skills is localized by introducing tranquilizers into the muscles.
Results of a course of drug therapy
As a result of taking the drug Teturama, a persistent disgust is observed, which can persist for several years. After treatment, they adhere to a selective diet. Products containing alcohol even in small doses are excluded: kefir, kvass, kumiss, sourdough. Some products also contain ethanol: chocolates with liqueur, black bread with sausage.
Avoid consumption medicines containing alcohol: infusions of valerian, corvalol or motherwort. Teturam reacts to cold and sore throat medications that contain ethanol. Do not use in large quantities apples, citrus fruits and grapes.
Preparing for a course of treatment is inevitably accompanied by fatigue in the body, which is usually reduced by using other medications. You will need to find out whether they are compatible with Teturam. Since the drug is based on Disulfiram, it has the same properties as its analogue. it is incompatible with taking the antibiotic tinidazole. The remaining incompatible drugs are specific and are not used in widespread practice. Their use is inherent in a number of rare diseases.
According to reviews from individual patients, drinking alcohol did not affect the state of the body after the course of treatment. Such manifestations are possible in exceptional cases, but the risk remains. The ridiculous act is comparable to a deadly game of Russian roulette using a revolver: no harm occurred, but it could have happened. Why test the body's strength and expose it to risks that can lead to disability? Before performing tricks, consult a narcologist about the incompatibility of Teturam and alcohol.
Leading narcologists have proven more than once that a successful fight against craving for alcohol can only be achieved when the treatment methods undertaken are selected in combination, that is, you need to work not only with physical dependence, but also to understand what is happening in the patient’s mind. Teturam tablets for alcoholism are just such a remedy, which is used to treat alcohol addiction and meets the requirements that were written about earlier, that is, it fights both the psychological and physical sides of addiction.
The price of the drug is more than affordable - about 250 rubles per package. Let's find out how treatment works with Teturam, what its features are and what they say about it in reviews.
In what cases is Teturam effective?
The drug Teturam was first heard of back in the days Soviet Union, however, it was available only to a limited circle of people. To receive treatment in a hospital setting with this particular drug, you had to have serious connections. After the treatment, the former alcoholic left the medical facility free from addiction and, moreover, he simply could not imagine himself with a glass of beer or, worse, a shot of vodka. Their smell and taste have now become unacceptable to him, he feels disgusted. Unfortunately, the euphoria does not last long, after only a year - two people could cautiously try alcohol and, realizing that nothing terrible is happening, return to alcohol abuse again.
Currently, the drug Teturam has been improved; it is widely used for the treatment of alcoholism in the chronic stage. You can verify for yourself that the drug is effective; there are plenty of positive feedback from those people who were able to return to a normal sober life or helped a person close to them.
However, before starting treatment with this drug, you need to undergo full examination body, get qualified advice from a narcologist, and preferably, take the drug under his strict control. This is the only way you can be sure that the patient will not drink alcohol during treatment. Otherwise, if you plan to get rid of addiction on your own, you need to clearly understand that you yourself are responsible for your life and health.
Also, the manufacturer of the medicine recommends starting treatment when the patient himself wants it, in which case the effect will be stronger. If treatment is carried out in a hospital setting, the patient must give a written agreement that he agrees to the accepted course of treatment, undertakes to take all necessary medications and undergo tests. In some cases, it is allowed to give such an agreement to loved ones and relatives.
As for treatment with Teturam, at the end of therapy the patient will receive a persistent aversion to alcoholic beverages, which is comparable to a kind of anti-reflex. Despite positive effect, Teturam has a number of contraindications and side effects and consequences that you should know about after reading the instructions. It is not recommended to self-medicate; it can be dangerous to your health and life.
What does the drug contain?
The main ingredient of the drug is included in many medications designed to combat alcohol addiction. Such examples could be Esperal, Torpedo and others.
The action of Teturam is based on such active ingredients included in its composition:
- Phenytoin
- Isoniazid
- Antidepressant component
- Teofilir
Full list active ingredients listed in the instructions. You need to read it carefully and in detail, as there is a possibility that you have individual intolerance any of the above components.
How does Teturam work?
Firstly, the drug Teturam is taken strictly orally after meals. You need to take the pill sufficient quantity water. The primary reason for taking Teturam is the lack of effect from other alternative treatments. The fact is that Teturam and alcohol are incompatible, and this is the essence of the melicament’s work. Its effect is achieved by changing the way the body processes alcohol as such.
If we consider the process of alcohol processing without drug corrective therapy, then after oxidation gastric juice, alcohol breaks down into vinegar acid and acetaldehydride. Severe alcohol intoxication is caused while the alcohol consumed is being digested.
The process of digesting alcohol changes while taking Teturam. Acetic acid is produced in much smaller quantities, and acetaldehydride, on the contrary, gains in volume. In general, all chemical reaction can be described as blocking enzymes that directly neutralize ethanol alcohol. The functioning of the liver also changes, the enzymes of which are involved in the processing of alcohol.
What happens if you drink alcohol after a Teturama course?
If, after a course of treatment for alcoholism with Teturam or during it, the patient drinks alcohol, characteristic symptoms hangover syndrome, but its magnitude is stronger than usual. This condition is called not simple alcohol intoxication, but by the ethanol reaction of the body.
Symptoms of this condition:
- Pain in joints and muscles
- Sharp sharp pain in my head
- Feeling of heaviness in the abdomen, often with vomiting
- Causes heart pain, arrhythmia
- Decreased or increased pressure
- High body temperature, redness of the face and neck
- Manifestation of neurosis – shortness of breath, fear
If treatment is carried out by a professional narcologist, then all these symptoms are explained to the patient in advance so that they do not come as a surprise to him. This is an essential part of treatment so that the patient understands what he will experience when he stops abstaining from alcohol.
Often the doctor practices the following: after a certain stage of taking Teturama, he gives the patient the opportunity to try alcohol so that it is clearly clear what will happen to the patient next.
Dose of the drug
The described drug has a clear description of administration, which you can read in the annotation attached to each package. Unless your doctor prescribes a different dosage, you should take Teturam tablets twice a day. Moreover, at one time you need to take a dose of 150 to 500 milligrams. More specifically, the dose is selected individually, depending on the severity of the disease and the duration of the binge.
After 7–10 days from the start of Teturam therapy, a test is carried out with the participation of the patient. He is offered to drink an alcoholic drink, which was the reason for his drunkenness. Next, the doctor watches how the patient’s behavior changes, and, if necessary, takes measurements of temperature, pressure, and takes urine and blood for analysis. If the doctor remains dissatisfied with the result, that is, the patient’s reaction is not so bright to the alcohol taken, the dose of Teturam can be revised upward.
Doctor's reviews about the drug Teturam: indications, methods of use, side effects, analogues
Teturam drug for alcoholism
What kind of vodka pills are there or what is teturam?
Is treatment possible without the knowledge of the patient?
Based on current legislation, the patient is Russian Federation has the right to know about his illness, the progress of treatment and prescribed therapy. In the case of treatment with Teturam, notification of the start of treatment is simply necessary. The fact is that the effect of taking Teturam tablets is specific, and the body’s reaction is not always predictable. As long as the patient does not resort to drinking alcohol, there is no chance of understanding that he has been taking medications for some time, albeit without his knowledge. The effect of Teturam appears only when alcohol enters the body.
Even if we are talking about small doses of alcohol, the health consequences can be disastrous. Exists medical statistics, which describes cases of death after treatment with Teturam, in cases where the patient did not know about the treatment and continued to drink alcohol.
Based on the above information, we can conclude that the patient must know that currently undergoing treatment.
It is worth saying that modern Teturam has a prolonged effect, that is, the effect of taking it lasts longer than once upon a time during the USSR. How long does the effect of Teturam last? On average, based on reviews, we are talking about 2-5 years, depending on whether the patient is supported by his relatives and family, whether the person’s lifestyle has changed or not, and so on.
Be careful as Teturam may give false information negative effect when interacting with alcohol, Often the state of health worsens sharply when the patient consumes products such as:
- You can drink regular kvass
- Pickled and canned vegetables and fruits
- Fermented products
- Baked goods and sweets containing alcohol, etc.
Consumption of such products may cause negative reaction body, but this is extremely unlikely, and you need to eat a lot of the above products.
Does the drug have side effects?
It is worth saying that health problems may arise during the treatment itself. If you experience at least one of the following symptoms, you should immediately seek help from a doctor:
- confusion may occur
- Interruptions in the functioning of the cardiovascular system
- Manifestation of allergies
- Transition chronic diseases in the acute stage
- Increased nervousness
- The appearance of auditory or visual hallucinations
- Having paranoia and obsessive thoughts
In order to minimize the risk of such symptoms, you need to undergo a preliminary examination before treatment, which includes a mandatory consultation with a psychiatrist.
Contraindications to the use of Teturam
Like any other medicine, Teturam anti-alcoholism pills have a number of contraindications:
- You should not resort to therapy with Teturam in old age(over 60 years old)
- A contraindication is the presence of ulcerative processes in the gastrointestinal tract.
- After a heart attack or stroke
- Having an unstable nervous system
All of the above characteristics are classified as conditional contraindications, that is, on an individual basis, the doctor may still decide to allow the use of Teturam for the treatment of alcohol dependence.
As for absolute contraindications, these include the following:
- Oncological diseases
- Thyroid pathologies
- Heart failure
- Complications during chronic diseases
- Emphysema, tuberculosis
- Severe damage to internal organs
- Schizophrenia, manic psychosis and others serious violations psyche
- Pregnancy and lactation period
- Individual intolerance to one of the components of the drug.
Thus, after studying the list of contraindications, you should, first of all, independently assess the risks of complications, and also consult a doctor before starting treatment for alcohol dependence with Teturam. In conclusion, it is worth saying that best treatment Any disease is prevention. Drink wisely, observing the culture of drinking alcoholic beverages, and then you will not have to treat alcoholism. The culture of drinking alcohol inspires respect in Lately has become more than relevant.
