For children of all classes. History of Morozov Hospital

Construction of the hospital on Mytnaya Street began in 1900 with funds from the Moscow merchant of the first guild Vikula Eliseevich Morozov. In 1902, an outpatient clinic and an administrative building were erected, and in 1903, the first three infectious disease buildings were built. The work was supervised by architect I.A. Ivanov-Shits and chief physician Hospital N.N. Alekseev. The main principle of construction infectious diseases hospitals there was their division into several buildings - isolation of infectious patients was the only way preventing epidemics. Until the recent demolition of several buildings in the southern part of the territory (at the beginning of the century there was still a horse yard there), the hospital consisted of 26 medical and technical buildings. The oldest buildings (1902-1906) are recognized as architectural monuments and are protected by the state.

Panorama. 1913-1914: http://www.oldmos.ru/old/photo/view/15972

Main building. 1913-1914: http://www.oldmos.ru/old/photo/view/5856

There was a chapel here, probably destroyed in the 1930s. In 2003, a memorial cross was installed here and plans were made to build a church.

Chapel 1905-1917: http://www.oldmos.ru/old/photo/view/15974

In the 1930s, three more buildings were erected; in 1972, a seven-story building with 310 beds was built. Over more than a century of history, some buildings have been reconstructed and rebuilt to accommodate new departments. Thus, in Morozovka, for the first time in the capital, a specialized children's otolaryngology department, a rheumatology department, a department for patients with tuberculous meningitis, a children's traumatology and endocrinology department, and others were opened.

Now the hospital is ready to accept over 1000 patients, 264 doctors work in the hospital, half of them have the highest qualifications. In addition to the hospital itself, Morozovka has four advisory clinics, a sanatorium and a medical school. Based on the results of 2013, Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital was recognized as the best children's clinic in the capital. Official website: http://mdgkb.pro/ It is curious that the management does not hide shortcomings in the work and on the website in the reviews section you can read not only thanks to the doctors, but also critical opinions.

At the beginning of the century, on the site of the new building there was a horse yard. 1901-1903: http://www.oldmos.ru/old/photo/view/21597

Chief physician Igor Efimovich Koltunov

In February 2014, at the Consultative and Diagnostic Center of the Morozov Hospital, artists presented a fresh look at the interiors of a medical institution, decorating the walls with mysterious drawings and installations.

Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital began its history back in 1900. The money for the construction of the buildings of the children's infectious diseases hospital was donated by the merchant of the first guild, manufacturing adviser Vikula Eliseevich Morozov.
Just two years after the start of construction, patients began to be admitted on an outpatient basis, and at the beginning of 1903, the first three buildings of the infectious diseases hospital were opened. Construction was carried out under the leadership of the head physician of the hospital Alekseev, as well as the architect Ivanov-Shits.
At first, patients were admitted as outpatients on the ground floor of the building administrative building. Housings are open in next year accommodated 100 beds for the treatment of infectious patients in the clinic. In 1906, six buildings were ready for operation, for patients with various diseases, a building for the surgical department, as well as premises for the kitchen, warehouses, and chapel. One building was set aside so that hospital managers could live there.
In 1906, the construction of the fourth children's hospital named after V.I. Morozov. in Moscow was completed. In total, the hospital was designed for 340 beds.
The work on treating young patients was led by such doctors as: Egiz B.A. and Colley V.A. in the infectious diseases department, Dr. William was the senior doctor in therapy, T.P. Krasnobaev worked in the surgical department. In the administrative building of the surgery, on the second floor lived young specialists who combined study and work. Medical staff from the “Quench My Sorrows” community lived there. Staff working in different departments of the hospital could not communicate with each other, thus protecting themselves from the spread infectious diseases inside the hospital.
The public was greatly concerned about the high mortality rate among children infancy, as well as the spread of nosocomial infections. The problem with infants was resolved when a specialized building was built to treat children of this age. The merchant Karzinkin donated money for the construction. In the building, which is called S.A. Karzinkina, there was a hospital for 25 people, there was also a dairy kitchen and an outpatient clinic. The work was carried out under the guidance of Professor Langovoy N.I. Problem nosocomial infection was decided later. In 1930, one infectious diseases department was reconstructed into boxes. Then they built three compartments with boxes that could accommodate 120 people. This hospital was the first in the country to use Meltzer boxes. In 1960-1970, some buildings were expanded to two or three storey buildings. In 1972, construction of a seven-story building designed to accommodate more than 300 people was completed. In 1983, the construction of a building with boxes was completed, on the ground floor of which there were Meltzer boxes. In 1976, a pathology department appeared in a separate building. In 1997, the hematology building was reconstructed and a blood transfusion department was organized on its basis. In 1932 it was opened pediatric ENT department, and two years later the department of rheumatology was opened. In 1942, a department for the treatment of neurological diseases was opened. This neurological department was the second in Moscow at that time. Five years later, a department for the treatment of meningitis and tuberculosis was opened for the first time. In 1962, a department was opened for the first time to treat newborns with diseases nervous system. The following year, traumatology and endocrinology were opened. In 1965, the hematology department was opened, where patients with leukemia were treated. Neurosurgery was first discovered in 1970.
The first ophthalmology department, as well as an ophthalmological clinic, was opened at the Morozov Hospital. In 1962, children's cardiorheumatology was organized. Later, a clinic was opened for consultations on neurological diseases. In 1937, a school was organized at the hospital to train highly qualified paramedical personnel.
Nowadays, the Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital is one of the city's largest hospitals for children. The hospital has only twenty-four departments with 1020 beds, seventeen specialties and seven additional services, a clinic, an ophthalmological sanatorium, and a medical school.
Two hundred and sixty-four doctors work at the Morozov Hospital, about half of whom have highest category, and 4 doctors received the title Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation.

In Podsosensky Lane in Moscow there is a beautiful mansion, in magnificent stucco decorations, built by the famous in the 19th century architect Mikhail Chichagov. In 1917, the mansion was nationalized, but its owner did not go anywhere, “did not rush abroad.” Modestly located in the two lower rooms of his former home, he met visitors and gave them excursions, introducing them to his lovingly collected collection of antique porcelain, silver, engraved portraits, and icons (the best in Russia). He “with amazing submissive calm was engaged in the description and protection of his museum.”

It was Morozov Alexey Vikulovich, thanks to which one of the best city children's hospitals, Morozovskaya, once appeared in Moscow. A wonderful portrait by Valentin Serov gives us an idea of ​​the appearance of this man.

In 1898, Alexey Vikulovich turned to the Moscow City Duma with an application for a donation of 400 thousand rubles, bequeathed by his late parent for the construction of a children's hospital. Having accepted the Morozovs' donation, the city hastily allocated a site. In Moscow at that time there was extreme high level spread of infectious diseases among children: measles, whooping cough, diphtheria... And children with infectious diseases accepted only in one city hospital - St. Vladimir. And only a small number of places were intended for this. There were only three children’s hospitals at that time: in addition to the one mentioned above, Saint Olga- for 40 seats and Saint Sophia- by 100. For the city, which at that time was experiencing one of the most turbulent periods of growth and influx of people in its history, this was a drop in the bucket.

On Horse Square

It was decided to build an infectious diseases hospital (but with places for non-infectious, as well as surgical patients). A large area for construction was allocated: 9 hectares, taking into account future growth and expansion - as funds are received from the city treasury and from philanthropists. (The Committee of Public Health insisted on the construction of a large hospital with 340 beds, although available funds were supposed to accommodate only 150.)

The location was determined at the beginning of Mytnaya Street, where the Horse Square. The fact that the hospital should be built specifically in Zamoskvorechye was a condition of the will Vikuly Evseevich Morozov, as well as the availability of medical care for children of all classes.

On the map of Moscow, Konnaya Square looked like a quadrangle irregular shape: horse fairs were held there and... court verdicts were announced. (For example, the sentence of the first revolutionary terrorist Nechaev was announced precisely at the Horse.)

Morozov Children's Hospital in Moscow, administrative building. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org / A.Savin

Everything is separate

Having transferred the money bequeathed by his parent to the city, Morozov took upon himself the main efforts associated with the design, construction and organization of a completely new children's medical institution for the city. First of all, he sent the best pediatric surgeon in Moscow on a long foreign business trip “across Europe” Timofey Petrovich Krasnobaev- get acquainted with the latest achievements in order to use the best experience at that time when creating a hospital.

To avoid the spread of infection, we decided to go with the pavilion type of construction: for each infection there is a separate building. Moreover, the layout of each building was provided in such a way that, if necessary, it could be divided into parts isolated from each other. After all, each infectious disease is already serious in itself, but if a second one joins it, this will complicate the course of the disease.

Since staff can also be carriers of the infection, in each department in the second floor superstructure it was planned to equip housing for nannies and paramedics only for that building.

The foundation stone for the hospital took place on August 26, 1900. In 1902, an outpatient clinic was opened on the first floor of the administrative building for both infectious and non-infectious patients. The reception was organized as follows: at the entrance of patients, they were greeted by a gatekeeper and a paramedic and, having specified the reason for their visit, they directed the patients either to the main entrance or to the side entrances of the building for infectious patients.

The appointment at the outpatient clinic was conducted by 3 doctors: a pediatrician, an infectious disease specialist and a surgeon. There was an operating room, a smallpox vaccination room with a separate entrance, in addition, a laboratory room, a library for doctors and a pharmacy for outpatients. Up to 500 sick children were admitted daily.

Discoverers

In 1903, the first infectious diseases wards were opened for patients with scarlet fever, diphtheria and mixed infections. In 1906 - 6 more medical buildings, staff housing, a chapel, and all outbuildings. As a result, an entire medical campus was created: 9 buildings arranged in three rows. (Several pavilions - therapeutic, surgical buildings, for “doubtful patients” and other buildings - were built according to the project I. A. Ivanova-Shica.) They laid out a park, planted trees both around the buildings and around the entire territory.

Major clinicians B. A. Egiz, V. A. Kolli, T. P. Krasnobaev(a monument to him was erected on the territory of the hospital) they not only carried out medical work, but also taught young specialists who also lived at the hospital. Doctors were working scientific activities, issued guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of severe infectious diseases and on pediatric surgery.

Much of what was carried out here was then for the first time in Russia. And throughout its entire further history The Morozov hospital continued to be a pioneer in many ways. Already in Soviet time here the first department in Russia with Meltzer boxes for complete isolation of patients was opened, then the first specialized otolaryngological department, the first rheumatology department, the first department for patients with tuberculous meningitis (and the first such sick child was cured here). Already in the 60s, the country's first department for newborns with damage to the nervous system, traumatology and endocrinology, hematology for patients with leukemia, and neurosurgical departments appeared.

Now the Morozov City Children's Hospital (4th Dobryninsky Lane, 1) is one of the largest hospitals in the city. And its architectural decoration is a pink oasis of elegant Russian Art Nouveau. A brilliant art connoisseur, Alexey Vikulovich Morozov knew how to choose projects.

But how much do we know about the people after whom these clinics are named? Do we often think about what we owe to them? In order to better acquaint Moscow residents with these great people, an exhibition telling about famous doctors and scientists is running on Chistoprudny Boulevard until December 10.

“This is probably one of the most important and grandiose Moscow exhibitions,” says Alexey Svet, chief City Clinical Hospital doctor No. 1 named after N.I. Pirogov.“We have heroes whom the whole country knows—cosmonauts, artists. But for some reason, famous doctors were on the sidelines, but the glory of Moscow medicine is quite old. All the people whose names the capital’s hospitals are named today were truly brilliant doctors.”

Doctor-legend

Another doctor whom not only our city, but the whole country can be proud of is Sergei Petrovich Botkin, who also lived in the last century. He was called a legendary doctor - he was such a brilliant therapist and diagnostician.

Botkin is considered the founder of scientific clinical medicine. This doctor was the first to prove that the body is a single whole, controlled by the nervous system and at the same time being inextricably linked with its environment. Sergei Botkin created the first experimental laboratory in Russia, where they studied the effects of drugs on human body. Moreover, he created a free outpatient clinic at the clinic where the poor could be treated. Dr. Botkin became a trustee of infectious diseases hospitals in Russia, introduced the first ambulance - the prototype of a modern ambulance. And the famous “Botkin’s disease” - hepatitis A - bears this name because Sergei Petrovich established infectious nature diseases.

In 1920, his name was given to the Soldatenkovskaya Hospital. Today it is a multidisciplinary hospital where care is provided in surgical, gynecological, therapeutic, cardiac surgery, traumatology and other areas. At Botkin hospital operate regional vascular center, joint replacement center, hematology center. Almost all departments of the clinic are clinical bases of leading educational and research institutions in Russia.

A brilliant diagnostician, a brilliant therapist, “donated” his name to the Botkin Hospital. Photo: AiF/ Eduard Kudryavitsky

Master of good deeds

Among the people after whom famous clinics are named, there are both famous doctors and those who have nothing to do with this science at all. However, in their time they became famous for their good and good deeds. One of these Muscovites was Vikula Eliseevich Morozov, whose name is given to the children's city clinical hospital.

Morozov owned a huge fortune, which he earned as an entrepreneur-manufacturer. At the same time, a significant part of his family’s money went to good deeds. Vikula Eliseevich bequeathed to his children to spend 600 thousand rubles - a huge amount for those times! — for charitable purposes, including the establishment of medical institutions. His sons carried out his will, and in 1900, after the death of the entrepreneur, the construction of a children's hospital named after Vikula Morozov began. It must be said that other large Moscow entrepreneurs also donated money for the development of this clinic.

Today Morozov Hospital is a multidisciplinary clinical and diagnostic complex that provides high-tech medical care children. The hospital is being renovated: a modern building with unique transplant departments has been built on the site of old buildings bone marrow and pediatric cardiac surgery. Thanks to Vikula Morozov and his sons, schools, theaters, hospitals, orphanages, and libraries appeared in our city. More than 70 buildings were built in the capital with their funds.

Vikula Morozov created the financial “foundation” of the Morozov Children’s Hospital. Photo: AiF/ Eduard Kudryavitsky

Sklifosovsky Castle

How many human lives have been saved? Nikolai Vasilievich Sklifosovsky, impossible to count. Nikolai Pirogov himself spoke with admiration of him as an excellent field surgeon.

It was Sklifosovsky who introduced the principles of asepsis and antisepsis (in other words, disinfection of wounds), and this sharply reduced the mortality rate among surgical patients. He was the first to introduce rules for disinfecting instruments and operating table, marked the beginning of abdominal surgery. During the Russian-Turkish War, more than 10 thousand wounded passed through his hands, sometimes the doctor operated for days on end.

Among Sklifosovsky’s achievements is the creation of a device for maintaining anesthesia throughout the entire operation, a method local anesthesia. It was he who came up with original way connections of crushed bones, which are called “Russian castle”, or “Sklifovsky castle”.

Under the name of Nikolai Sklifosovsky, a scientist and surgeon, the largest research institute for emergency care operates today. Photo: AiF/ Eduard Kudryavitsky

The golden hands of a surgeon

At the beginning of the twentieth century. native Muscovites argued that there were three attractions in the capital: the Tretyakov Gallery, Red Square and Doctor Yudin. Such a strange saying. What kind of person is this, whose name could be compared with the central square of the capital?

Sergei Sergeevich Yudin was a brilliant surgeon who made a serious contribution to the development of military field surgery and traumatology. Even during the First World War, he headed a medical detachment and operated on soldiers right on the front line, in trenches and dugouts. Later he worked as the chief surgeon of the Sklifosovsky Research Institute, operating daily, and sometimes at night. It was difficult to find a better surgeon in the world than Yudin. He was an unsurpassed master of gastric surgery; during his life he performed more than 17 thousand operations on the stomach.

Today, the city clinical hospital, a huge modern hospital, is named after him.

Sergei Yudin was proud and the best surgeon capital, he sometimes operated for days on end. Photo: AiF/ Eduard Kudryavitsky

Doctor No. 1

In the name Nicholas Ivanovich Pirogov, the most famous surgeon in the whole world, the city clinical hospital No. 1 was named. Pirogov’s personality is unique. A participant in four wars, Nikolai Pirogov laid the foundations of military field surgery, developing a number of medical appointments, which made it possible to avoid amputation of the limbs of soldiers.

For the first time in the history of world medicine, Pirogov began to use plaster casts, implemented general anesthesia and performed the first operation under anesthesia in field conditions. In our country, Dr. Pirogov was the first to propose the idea plastic surgery and for the first time in the world came up with the idea of ​​bone grafting.

By the way, it was on Pirogov’s initiative that sisters of mercy appeared in the Russian army. And it is quite natural that one of the oldest and largest hospital in the capital today, No. 1, a multidisciplinary hospital, where more than 40 thousand inpatients are treated and more than 400 thousand receive outpatient care, is named after this man.

Hospital No. 1 is named after Nikolai Pirogov, the famous Russian surgeon and scientist. Photo: AiF/ Eduard Kudryavitsky

The most ambulance

Among the great Russian doctors there are names that are little known to the general public. Few people know why the capital's ambulance station emergency care, the largest in Europe, including 58 substations and 87 posts throughout the city, bears the name Alexander Sergeevich Puchkov.

It’s all very simple: it was this doctor who founded the service in Moscow emergency assistance. In 1921, when the riots were raging in Moscow terrible epidemic typhus, Puchkov led the evacuation of the sick. But the patients were put into ordinary cars, which became the first ambulances transporting people to hospitals and infectious disease barracks. In this way, 70 thousand patients were transported, and this fact played a huge role in the fight against the spread of typhus.

Puchkov created the basic principles for organizing rapid medical care for the population, and he himself took part in the development of a new type of ambulance. Later, the experience of organizing a Moscow service with the famous telephone “03” was introduced in all cities of Russia. Today, the capital's emergency ambulance station named after Puchkov carries out up to 12 thousand calls daily, and the arrival time in Moscow is 10-12 minutes.

Alexander Puchkov in the 1920s. organized the transportation of patients in Moscow, laying the foundation for the capital's ambulance service. Photo: AiF/ Eduard Kudryavitsky

Errors - to a minimum

Multidisciplinary clinic named after Ippolit Davydovsky, located in an old mansion in the center of Moscow, provides assistance to people with acute heart attack myocardium and coronary disease hearts. But how much do we know about Ippolit Vasilyevich himself? He was the most famous pathologist and pathologist of his time. He thought pathological anatomy primarily by the method of scientific monitoring of the doctor’s work and improving diagnostics. During the war, Davydovsky dealt with the problems of sepsis and wound processes. On his initiative, it became mandatory in all hospitals of the USSR to compare clinical and post-mortem pathological-anatomical diagnoses - this makes it possible to minimize medical errors. Ippolit Davydovsky understood the significance of the demographic problem in the country and was the first to study the biology of aging, organizing a laboratory for the pathology of old age. By the way, the doctor himself, fortunately, lived to an old age.

Ippolit Davydovsky, whose name this clinic bears, worked, among other things, on the problems of aging. Photo: AiF/ Eduard Kudryavitsky

Health of the soul

The name Gilyarovsky is familiar to any Muscovite, but in this case we are not talking about an expert on old Moscow, but about a great psychiatrist and scientist Vasily Alekseevich Gilyarovsky, who became the founder of child psychiatry.

During the First World War, he created a shelter in Moscow for nervously ill refugee children - confused, frightened, shocked. Gilyarovsky paid attention not only to severe diseases, but also to their prevention, as well as tracking the so-called borderline states. He was one of the first in our country to introduce methods of treating the mentally ill - electrosleep, insulin shock, collective psychotherapy and occupational therapy. He is the author of 250 scientific works, and his "Manual of Psychiatry" long years used as a textbook for students. Today, psychiatric clinical hospital No. 3 is named after him.

Vasily Gilyarovsky is the founder of child psychiatry. Photo: AiF/ Eduard Kudryavitsky

We haven't mentioned yet Alexandra Eramishantsev, who was the first to successfully perform a liver transplant in our country; O Mikhail Zhadkevich, who for the first time removed a blood clot from pulmonary artery in the conditions of a regular medical unit; O Leonida Vorokhobov, a brilliant surgeon who headed the capital’s medicine for more than 20 years (under him, more than 80 new hospital buildings and 137 clinics were opened in Moscow); O Valentina Buyanov, whose textbook on surgery is still a reference book for mid-level medical specialists; O Valentina Voino-Yasenetsky, surgeon, scientist and theologian, who took monastic orders.

But you can find out for yourself everything about the great Russian doctors - you just have to come to Chisto-Prudny Boulevard, see the exhibition and bow deeply to these truly great people.

On March 7, 1898, hereditary honorary citizen Alexey Vikulovich Morozov applied to the Moscow City Duma with a statement of the desire to donate from the sums bequeathed by the late parent of the manufactory-adviser Vikula Eliseevich Morozov to charitable causes, capital in the amount of 400,000 rubles for the establishment of a new children's hospital in Moscow.

This issue was considered at a joint meeting of the Commission public health and the Financial Commission and expressed an opinion on the urgent need to establish a new children's hospital in Moscow.

By this time, the city had three children's hospitals - St. Sophia with 100 beds, St. Vladimir with 265 beds and St. Olga with 40 beds. They were located in the central and north-eastern part of the city, and the densely populated area of ​​Zamoskvorechye did not have children's hospitals, and sick children were hospitalized in adult hospitals (1st and 2nd city hospitals), which was inconvenient for both adults and children.

And in the will a wish was expressed - to build a new hospital in the area of ​​​​the Rogozhskaya outpost or in Zamoskvorechye and give it the name of Vikula Eliseevich Morozov.

A place was allocated in Zamoskvorechye on the Horse Market Square. Initially, it was planned to build a hospital with 150 beds (according to available funds), but the public health committee insisted on building a larger hospital - with 340 beds - and that construction be carried out in stages, as funds became available both from the city treasury and from philanthropists .

Therefore, a large plot was allocated with the expectation of further growth of the hospital. Considering the high prevalence of infectious diseases among children and the presence of only a small number of places for infectious patients in the St. Vladimir Hospital, it was decided to build an infectious diseases hospital, but in which there would be places for both surgical patients.

The architect I.I. was invited to the construction of the hospital. Ivanov-Shits, Nikolai Nikolaevich Alekseev, an experienced pediatrician from St. Vladimir’s Hospital, was invited to the position of hospital director and chief physician; Timofey Petrovich Krasnobaev was invited to organize the surgical service.

Before starting the construction of a children's infectious diseases hospital, they became acquainted with the construction of children's hospitals in England and Germany. Considering that each infectious disease is serious in itself, and that the addition of a second disease to it aggravates its course, in order to avoid this, it was decided to focus on the pavilion type of construction - for each infection there is a separate building, but the layout of the building should be such that, if necessary, the department could be divided into two independent parts, isolated from each other. Since the staff could also be carriers of the infection, they decided to equip each department on the second floor with a room for the staff of that building only - rooms for paramedics-wardens and nannies.

In 1900, construction began on the first administrative building and the first three infectious disease buildings.

In April 1902, a significant event took place in Zamoskvorechye - an outpatient clinic for both infectious and non-infectious patients was opened on the first floor of the administrative building. Trying to protect the latter from meeting infectious patients, the reception was organized in the following way- at the entrance, patients were greeted by a gatekeeper and a paramedic and, when the reason for their visit was clarified, they were directed to the main entrance or to the side entrances of the building - to separate rooms for infectious patients, depending on the nature of the disease.

The appointment at the outpatient clinic was conducted by three doctors - a pediatrician, an infectious disease specialist and a surgeon. Up to 500 patients were admitted daily; the outpatient clinic had an operating room where various operations. There was a smallpox vaccination room with a separate entrance, a laboratory room, and even a library for doctors. There was also a pharmacy for outpatients.

In January 1903, the first three infectious diseases buildings were opened - for patients with scarlet fever, diphtheria and patients with mixed infection- for one hundred beds. It was opened a little later surgery department and a department for patients with internal diseases.

The medical work was supervised by senior doctors: for infection - Boris Abramovich Egiz and Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kolli, for therapy - Dr. William, for surgery - Timofey Petrovich Krasnobaev. He was actually the founder of pediatric surgery.

These major clinicians not only carried out medical work, but also taught young specialists (who lived at the hospital) and were engaged in scientific activities. They issued guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of severe infectious diseases and on issues of pediatric surgery.

By 1906, 6 more medical buildings, a residential building for staff, a chapel and a sectional room, and all outbuildings had been built.

Simultaneously with the construction of the buildings, the park was also laid out. Trees were planted both around the buildings and around the entire territory of the hospital: a medical town was created - 9 medical buildings located in three rows.

The medical community was concerned about the high mortality rate of infant patients, so with great gratitude they accepted the donation of hereditary honorary citizen Alexander Andreevich Karzinkin for the construction of a special building for infants. This issue was dealt with by Dr. Langovoy N.I.

He studied in detail the work of similar institutions abroad and organized an outpatient clinic for receiving patients and an inpatient department, which was named after Sofia Andreevna Karzinkina.

The department had a dairy kitchen and wet nurses lived there.

According to T.P. Krasnobaev, who is familiar with children's medical institutions abroad, the Morozov hospital has no equal both in Russia and abroad.

Indeed, by this time the Morozov Hospital was the youngest of the children's hospitals in the city, but also the largest - it had 340 beds.

In the post-revolutionary years, the development of the hospital continued.

In 1920, doctors from the 2nd Medical Institute, led by major specialists. It began, or rather continued in-depth study various problems pediatrics.

New departments were formed in the hospital - the department of pediatric otolaryngology in 1932, and in 1934 - the first children's rheumatology department in the city was created.

Continuing the fight against nosocomial diseases, one of the infectious diseases departments was reconstructed into a boxed one, and then three more special departments with 122 boxes were built, the first department in Russia with Meltzer boxes was built - with stricter isolation.

Methods of diagnosis and treatment of patients were improved. Young personnel were being trained. A medical school was organized to train paramedical personnel.

The peaceful life of the country and the hospital was disrupted and interrupted by the outbreak of war. Young doctors nurses went to the front. On the very first night of the enemy air raid on Moscow, bombs were dropped on the hospital. Two buildings were destroyed, roofs were torn off, windows were broken, but not a single child was injured.

The staff carried the children to the shelter, and medical work continued in compliance with all sanitary requirements. Sick children arrived, and later – wounded, frostbitten, burned, exhausted, frightened, suffering. And only warmth and affection returned them health, peace and a smile.

After duty, the staff went to the farmstead to procure fuel for the hospital.

The new chief physician, Ermolai Vasilyevich Prokhorovich, supervised the work at the hospital during wartime.

The war ended, the buildings were restored, and peaceful life was restored.

Construction continued at the hospital, with old buildings being built up to 2-3 floors. A new 7-story building, a new 3-story boxed building, a new food hall, and a new building for the pathology building were built.

Great scientific and preventative work, carried out in the country, led to a decrease in patients with infectious diseases.

There was a need to organize departments of other profiles.

From infectious diseases very severe, fatal disease remained tuberculous meningitis. The hospital established a department for such patients. Clinic workers, with the participation of hospital doctors, managed to develop a method for treating this serious illness. The first child was cured of tuberculous meningitis in the department of the Morozov hospital.

Together with clinic workers and hospital departments, it was tested and put into practice new antibiotic- synthomycin, for which they were awarded the State Prize.

The hospital organized the first departments of pediatric ophthalmology, pediatric oncology, pediatric traumatology, pediatric neurosurgery, pediatric hematology, and pediatric endocrinology in the city healthcare system; a department for newborns with damage to the nervous system was organized, and a rehabilitation department for orphans was organized.

Currently, the hospital has a hospital capacity of 1000 beds. 12 medical buildings house 24 medical departments 17 profiles and 12 support services.

The hospital has 4 city advisory clinics - a somatic advisory clinic with doctors of 12 specialties, a city eye advisory clinic with an eye sanatorium and a laboratory contact correction, neurological advisory clinic, city cardio-rheumatology clinic. Having such a combination - a clinic and a dispensary, a hospital and a sanatorium - it becomes possible to carry out step-by-step treatment and dynamic observation for the sick. City advisory clinics are actually methodological centers for city doctors.

Conceived and built as a children's infectious diseases hospital, over the 90 years of its life the hospital has become not only one of the largest children's medical institutions city, but also to the scientific and pedagogical center for the training of medical personnel, in-depth study current issues pediatrics.

On the basis of the hospital there are 12 leading departments of the State medical university and the All-Russian Peoples' Friendship University, led by prominent scientists - academicians, professors, doctors of sciences, come out science articles, monographs, dissertations defended current topics pediatrics.

Over the 90 years of its life, the hospital changed its name several times - exemplary, children's city clinical hospital No. 1, but among the people it was always called MOROZOVSKAYA.

And only in 1993 it was returned to its previous name - MOROZOV CHILDREN'S CLINICAL HOSPITAL, and a memorial plaque was fixed on the facade of the administrative building - in memory of VIKUL ELISEEVICH MOROZOV.

The hospital still retains its appearance - it is Morozov buildings, 9 buildings in three rows, although some have grown to 2-3 floors, new buildings have appeared, but it is still a medical town under the canopy of the old park.

The hospital has also preserved old traditions - attention, honesty in work, kindness and care for sick children.

Now it employs about 70 medical workers who have worked from 25 to 40 years or more.

In conclusion, I would like to remind you of the chief doctors who preserved this wonderful hospital:

Nikolai Nikolaevich Alekseenko – 1901–1922.

Mikhail Abramovich Bliokh – 1931–1938

Ermolai Vasilievich Prokhorovich – 1942–1963.

Natalya Sergeevna Bonova – 1963–1976.

Mikhail Anisimovich Kornyushin from 1977 to the present (Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Professor).

Construction of the hospital continues today. The addition of one building and the reconstruction of another building have begun, which will house a hematology center and a city advisory clinic, but due to a lack of funds, construction is being delayed. I would like to hope that the descendants of the Russian merchants will continue the good traditions of allocating funds for charitable causes.