Morozov hospital administrative building. Morozov Hospital

Morozov Hospital

Location	Moscow
Subordination	Moscow City Health Department
Form	urban state-financed organization health
Profile	children's city clinical Hospital
Date of foundation	1906
Chief physician	Koltunov Igor Efimovich
Characteristics
Branches	28 and 7 auxiliary
Employees	1135
Doctors	420
Bed places	954
Served	177346
Coordinates
Address	Moscow, 4th Dobryninsky lane, building 1/9
mdgkb.pro

State budgetary healthcare institution Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Health Department (former Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 1) is one of the largest and oldest children's hospitals in Russia.

Story

Construction of the hospital began in 1900 with funds from the Moscow merchant of the first guild V. E. Morozov (hence modern name hospitals). In 1902, an outpatient clinic and an administrative building were built, and in 1903, the first three infectious disease buildings were built. ...On the instructions of a philanthropist, surgeon Timofey Petrovich Krasnobaev traveled best clinics Italy, Switzerland, Germany, assessing what is advanced foreign experience may be useful in the construction of a children's hospital in Russia. It was he who explained to the benefactor how to build a hospital “no worse than in Europe.” The main principle of construction infectious diseases hospitals at that time they were divided into many different buildings - the isolation of infectious patients was the only way preventing epidemics. Krasnobaev’s opinion was taken as a basis when creating the project. The first buildings of the hospital corresponded to the best foreign clinics of that time. In 1906, construction of a hospital with 304 beds was completed. Throughout the 20th century, the hospital was repeatedly completed and reconstructed. Today, the medical care that patients receive at the facility is no different from what they could receive in any other country in the world.

Current position of the hospital

The structure of the hospital includes a hospital with 954 beds with 33 intensive care and intensive care beds, 40 day hospital beds, consisting of 28 clinical and 7 auxiliary departments and services, as well as a consultative and diagnostic center for outpatients. Every year, up to 36 thousand patients receive medical care in the hospital. Currently, the hospital has been reorganized by adding a children's dental clinic No. 36 (now referred to as branch No. 1) operating at the address: Malaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, and children's bronchopulmonary sanatorium No. 51 (now referred to as branch No. 2) located at: Orekhovy Boulevard, 4, with the aim of creating medical rehabilitation departments.

A number of units provide assistance not only to children in Moscow, but also in many regions of Russia. These are neuro-oncology and oncohematology (the only ones in the system of children's city hospitals), urgent endocrinology (constantly working hotline in pediatric endocrinology), ophthalmology-eye microsurgery (the only 24-hour pediatric eye emergency room in Moscow).

At the Morozov Hospital, a team of medical specialists is on duty around the clock: pediatricians, a surgeon, a neurosurgeon, an orthopedic traumatologist, a neurologist, an ophthalmologist - a specialist in eye microsurgery, an otorhinolaryngologist, an endocrinologist, an oncohematologist, and resuscitators.

Morozov Hospital is one of the main emergency hospitals in the city. The hospital receives approximately 200 calls every day. Of these, approximately 130-140 children are hospitalized.

Among the hospital employees - 76 are candidates medical sciences, 17 - doctors of medical sciences, 6 - professors, 4 - corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 4 - honored doctors of the Russian Federation. Students are trained in 20 departments at the Morozov Hospital.

On March 7, 1898, hereditary honorary citizen Alexey Vikulovich Morozov addressed the Moscow City Duma with a statement of desire to donate from the amounts bequeathed by the late parent, manufacturing advisor Vikula Eliseevich Morozov, to charitable causes, capital in the amount of 400,000 rubles for the construction of a new nursery in Moscow hospitals.

This issue was considered at a joint meeting of the Commission public health and the Financial Commission and expressed an opinion on the urgent need to establish a new children's hospital in Moscow.

By this time, the city had three children's hospitals - St. Sophia with 100 beds, St. Vladimir with 265 beds and St. Olga with 40 beds. They were located in the central and north-eastern part of the city, and the densely populated area of Zamoskvorechye did not have children's hospitals, and sick children were hospitalized in adult hospitals (1st and 2nd city hospitals), which was inconvenient for both adults and children.

And in the will a wish was expressed - to build a new hospital in the area of the Rogozhskaya outpost or in Zamoskvorechye and give it the name of Vikula Eliseevich Morozov.

A place was allocated in Zamoskvorechye on the Horse Market Square. Initially, it was planned to build a hospital with 150 beds (according to available funds), but the public health committee insisted on building a larger hospital - with 340 beds - and that construction be carried out in stages, as funds became available both from the city treasury and from philanthropists .

Therefore, a large plot was allocated with the expectation of further growth of the hospital. Given the high prevalence infectious diseases among children and the presence only in the St. Vladimir Hospital of a small number of places for infectious patients, it was decided to build an infectious diseases hospital, but in which there would be places for both surgical patients.

The architect I.I. was invited to the construction of the hospital. Ivanov-Shits, Nikolai Nikolaevich Alekseev, an experienced pediatrician from St. Vladimir’s Hospital, was invited to the position of hospital director and chief physician; Timofey Petrovich Krasnobaev was invited to organize the surgical service.

Before starting the construction of a children's infectious diseases hospital, they became acquainted with the construction of children's hospitals in England and Germany. Considering that each infectious disease is serious in itself, and that the addition of a second disease to it aggravates its course, in order to avoid this, it was decided to focus on the pavilion type of construction - for each infection there is a separate building, but the layout of the building should be such that, if necessary, the department could be divided into two independent parts, isolated from each other. Since the staff could also be carriers of the infection, they decided to equip each department on the second floor with a room for the staff of that building only - rooms for paramedics-wardens and nannies.

In 1900, construction began on the first administrative building and the first three infectious disease buildings.

In April 1902, a significant event took place in Zamoskvorechye - an outpatient clinic for both infectious and non-infectious patients was opened on the first floor of the administrative building. Trying to protect the latter from meeting infectious patients, the reception was organized in the following way- at the entrance, patients were greeted by a gatekeeper and a paramedic and, when the reason for their visit was clarified, they were directed to the main entrance or to the side entrances of the building - to separate rooms for infectious patients, depending on the nature of the disease.

The appointment at the outpatient clinic was conducted by three doctors - a pediatrician, an infectious disease specialist and a surgeon. Up to 500 patients were admitted daily; the outpatient clinic had an operating room where various operations. There was a smallpox vaccination room with a separate entrance, a laboratory room, and even a library for doctors. There was also a pharmacy for outpatients.

In January 1903, the first three infectious diseases buildings were opened - for patients with scarlet fever, diphtheria and patients with mixed infections - with one hundred beds. It was opened a little later surgery department and a department for patients with internal diseases.

The medical work was supervised by senior doctors: for infection - Boris Abramovich Egiz and Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kolli, for therapy - Dr. William, for surgery - Timofey Petrovich Krasnobaev. He was actually the founder of pediatric surgery.

These major clinicians not only carried out medical work, but also taught young specialists (who lived at the hospital) and were engaged in scientific activity. They issued guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of severe infectious diseases and on issues of pediatric surgery.

By 1906, 6 more medical buildings, a residential building for staff, a chapel and a sectional room, and all outbuildings had been built.

Simultaneously with the construction of the buildings, the park was also laid out. Trees were planted both around the buildings and around the entire territory of the hospital: a medical town was created - 9 medical buildings located in three rows.

The medical community was concerned about the high mortality rate of patients infancy, therefore, with great gratitude, the donation of hereditary honorary citizen Alexander Andreevich Karzinkin was accepted for the construction of a special building for infants. This issue was dealt with by Dr. Langovoy N.I.

He studied in detail the work of similar institutions abroad and organized an outpatient clinic for receiving patients and an inpatient department, which was named after Sofia Andreevna Karzinkina.

The department had a dairy kitchen and wet nurses lived there.

According to T.P. Krasnobaev, who is familiar with children's medical institutions abroad, the Morozov hospital has no equal both in Russia and abroad.

Indeed, by this time the Morozov Hospital was the youngest of the children's hospitals in the city, but also the largest - it had 340 beds.

In the post-revolutionary years, the development of the hospital continued.

In 1920, doctors from the 2nd Medical Institute, led by major specialists. It began, or rather continued in-depth study various problems pediatrics.

New departments were formed in the hospital - the department of pediatric otolaryngology in 1932, and in 1934 - the first children's rheumatology department in the city was created.

Continuing the fight against nosocomial diseases, one of infectious diseases departments was reconstructed into a boxed one, and then three more special departments with 122 boxes were built, the first department in Russia with Meltzer boxes was built - with more strict insulation.

Methods of diagnosis and treatment of patients were improved. Young personnel were being trained. A medical school was organized to train paramedical personnel.

The peaceful life of the country and the hospital was disrupted and interrupted by the outbreak of war. Young doctors and nurses went to the front. On the very first night of the enemy air raid on Moscow, bombs were dropped on the hospital. Two buildings were destroyed, roofs were torn off, windows were broken, but not a single child was injured.

The staff carried the children to the shelter, and medical work continued in compliance with all sanitary requirements. Sick children arrived, and later – wounded, frostbitten, burned, exhausted, frightened, suffering. And only warmth and affection returned them health, peace and a smile.

After duty, the staff went to the farmstead to procure fuel for the hospital.

He supervised the work at the hospital during wartime. chief physician- Ermolai Vasilievich Prokhorovich.

The war ended, the buildings were restored, and peaceful life was restored.

Construction continued at the hospital, with old buildings being built up to 2-3 floors. A new 7-story building, a new 3-story boxed building, a new food hall, and a new building for the pathology building were built.

Great scientific and preventative work, carried out in the country, led to a decrease in patients with infectious diseases.

There was a need to organize departments of other profiles.

From infectious diseases very severe, fatal disease tuberculous meningitis remained. The hospital established a department for such patients. The clinic workers, with the participation of hospital doctors, managed to develop a method for treating this serious disease. The first child was cured of tuberculous meningitis in the department of the Morozov hospital.

Together with clinic workers and hospital departments, it was tested and put into practice new antibiotic- syntomycin, for which they were awarded the State Prize.

The hospital organized the first departments of pediatric ophthalmology, pediatric oncology, pediatric traumatology, pediatric neurosurgery, pediatric hematology, pediatric endocrinology in the city healthcare system; a department for newborns with lesions was organized. nervous system, rehabilitation department for orphans.

Currently, the hospital has a hospital capacity of 1000 beds. 12 medical buildings house 24 medical departments 17 profiles and 12 support services.

The hospital has 4 city advisory clinics - a somatic advisory clinic with doctors of 12 specialties, a city eye advisory clinic with an eye sanatorium and a laboratory contact correction, neurological advisory clinic, city cardio-rheumatology clinic. Having such a combination - a clinic and a dispensary, a hospital and a sanatorium - it becomes possible to carry out step-by-step treatment and dynamic observation for the sick. City advisory clinics are actually methodological centers for city doctors.

Conceived and built as a children's infectious diseases hospital, over the 90 years of its life the hospital has become not only one of the largest children's medical institutions city, but also to the scientific and pedagogical center for the training of medical personnel, in-depth study current issues pediatrics.

On the basis of the hospital there are 12 leading departments of the State medical university and the All-Russian Peoples' Friendship University, led by prominent scientists - academicians, professors, doctors of sciences, come out science articles, monographs, dissertations defended current topics pediatrics.

Over the 90 years of its life, the hospital changed its name several times - exemplary, children's city clinical hospital No. 1, but among the people it was always called MOROZOVSKAYA.

And only in 1993 it was returned to its previous name - MOROZOV CHILDREN'S CLINICAL HOSPITAL, and a memorial plaque was mounted on the facade of the administrative building - in memory of VIKUL ELISEEVICH MOROZOV.

The hospital still retains its appearance - it is Morozov buildings, 9 buildings in three rows, although some have grown to 2-3 floors, new buildings have appeared, but it is still a medical town under the canopy of the old park.

The hospital has also preserved old traditions - attention, honesty in work, kindness and care for sick children.

Now it employs about 70 medical workers who have worked from 25 to 40 years or more.

In conclusion, I would like to remind you of the chief doctors who preserved this wonderful hospital:

Nikolai Nikolaevich Alekseenko – 1901–1922.

Mikhail Abramovich Bliokh – 1931–1938

Ermolai Vasilievich Prokhorovich – 1942–1963.

Natalya Sergeevna Bonova – 1963–1976.

Mikhail Anisimovich Kornyushin from 1977 to the present (Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Professor).

Construction of the hospital continues today. The addition of one building and the reconstruction of another building have begun, which will house a hematology center and a city advisory clinic, but due to a lack of funds, construction is being delayed. I would like to hope that the descendants of the Russian merchants will continue the good traditions of allocating funds for charitable causes.

In Podsosensky Lane in Moscow there is a beautiful mansion, in magnificent stucco decorations, built by the famous in the 19th century architect Mikhail Chichagov. In 1917, the mansion was nationalized, but its owner did not go anywhere, “did not rush abroad.” Modestly located in the two lower rooms of his former home, he met visitors and gave them excursions, introducing them to his lovingly collected collection of antique porcelain, silver, engraved portraits, and icons (the best in Russia). He “with amazing submissive calm was engaged in the description and protection of his museum.”

It was Morozov Alexey Vikulovich, thanks to which one of the best city children's hospitals, Morozovskaya, once appeared in Moscow. A wonderful portrait by Valentin Serov gives us an idea of the appearance of this man.

In 1898, Alexey Vikulovich applied to the Moscow city council with a statement of donation of 400 thousand rubles, bequeathed by his late parent for the construction of a children's hospital. Having accepted the Morozovs' donation, the city hastily allocated a site. In Moscow at that time there was extreme high level spread of infectious diseases among children: measles, whooping cough, diphtheria... And children with infectious diseases accepted only in one city hospital - St. Vladimir. And only a small number of places were intended for this. There were only three children’s hospitals at that time: in addition to the one mentioned above, Saint Olga- for 40 seats and Saint Sophia- by 100. For the city, which at that time was experiencing one of the most turbulent periods of growth and influx of people in its history, this was a drop in the ocean.

On Horse Square

It was decided to build an infectious diseases hospital (but with places for non-infectious, as well as surgical patients). A large area for construction was allocated: 9 hectares, taking into account future growth and expansion - as funds are received from the city treasury and from philanthropists. (The Committee of Public Health insisted on the construction of a large hospital with 340 beds, although available funds were supposed to accommodate only 150.)

The location was determined at the beginning of Mytnaya Street, where the Horse Square. The fact that the hospital should be built specifically in Zamoskvorechye was a condition of the will Vikuly Evseevich Morozov, as well as availability medical care for children of all classes.

On the map of Moscow, Konnaya Square looked like a quadrangle irregular shape: horse fairs were held there and... court verdicts were announced. (For example, the sentence of the first revolutionary terrorist Nechaev was announced precisely at the Horse.)

Morozov Children's Hospital in Moscow, administrative building. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org / A.Savin

Everything is separate

Having transferred the money bequeathed by the parent to the city, Morozov took upon himself the main chores associated with the design, construction and organization of a completely new children's school for the city. medical institution. First of all, he sent the best pediatric surgeon in Moscow on a long foreign business trip “across Europe” Timofey Petrovich Krasnobaev- get acquainted with the latest achievements in order to use the best experience at that time when creating a hospital.

To avoid the spread of infection, we decided to go with the pavilion type of construction: for each infection there is a separate building. Moreover, the layout of each building was provided in such a way that, if necessary, it could be divided into parts isolated from each other. After all, each infectious disease is already serious in itself, but if a second one joins it, this will complicate the course of the disease.

Since staff can also be carriers of the infection, in each department in the second floor superstructure it was planned to equip housing for nannies and paramedics only for that building.

The foundation stone for the hospital took place on August 26, 1900. In 1902, an outpatient clinic was opened on the first floor of the administrative building for both infectious and non-infectious patients. The reception was organized as follows: at the entrance of patients, they were greeted by a gatekeeper and a paramedic and, having specified the reason for their visit, they directed the patients either to the main entrance or to the side entrances of the building for infectious patients.

The appointment at the outpatient clinic was conducted by 3 doctors: a pediatrician, an infectious disease specialist and a surgeon. There was an operating room, a smallpox vaccination room with a separate entrance, in addition, a laboratory room, a library for doctors and a pharmacy for outpatients. Up to 500 sick children were admitted daily.

Discoverers

In 1903, the first infectious diseases buildings were opened for patients with scarlet fever, diphtheria and mixed infections. In 1906 - 6 more medical buildings, staff housing, a chapel, and all outbuildings. As a result, an entire medical campus was created: 9 buildings arranged in three rows. (Several pavilions - therapeutic, surgical buildings, for “doubtful patients” and other buildings - were built according to the project I. A. Ivanova-Shica.) They laid out a park, planted trees both around the buildings and around the entire territory.

Major clinicians B. A. Egiz, V. A. Kolli, T. P. Krasnobaev(a monument to him was erected on the territory of the hospital) they not only carried out medical work, but also taught young specialists who also lived at the hospital. Doctors were engaged in scientific activities, publishing manuals on the diagnosis and treatment of severe infectious diseases, and on pediatric surgery.

Much of what was carried out here was then for the first time in Russia. And throughout its entire further history The Morozov hospital continued to be a pioneer in many ways. Already in Soviet time here the first department in Russia with Meltzer boxes for complete isolation of patients was opened, then the first specialized otolaryngological department, the first rheumatology department, the first department for patients with tuberculous meningitis(and the first such sick child was cured here). Already in the 60s, the country's first department for newborns with damage to the nervous system, traumatology and endocrinology, hematology for patients with leukemia, and neurosurgical departments appeared.

Now the Morozov City Children's Hospital (4th Dobryninsky Lane, 1) is one of the largest hospitals in the city. And its architectural decoration is a pink oasis of elegant Russian Art Nouveau. A brilliant art connoisseur, Alexey Vikulovich Morozov knew how to choose projects.

Morozovskaya treated up to 500 sick children every day. And when it opened, its hospital had 340 beds.

Vikulovich

On Podsosensky Lane in Moscow there is a beautiful mansion, with magnificent stucco decorations, built by the famous architect Mikhail Chichagov in the 19th century. In 1917, the mansion was nationalized, but its owner did not go anywhere, “did not rush abroad.” Modestly located in the two lower rooms of his former house, he greeted visitors and gave them excursions, introducing them to his lovingly collected collection of antique porcelain, silver, engraved portraits, and icons (the best in Russia). He “with amazing submissive calm was engaged in the description and protection of his museum.”

It was Alexey Vikulovich Morozov, thanks to whom one of the best city children's hospitals, Morozovskaya, once appeared in Moscow. A wonderful portrait by Valentin Serov gives us an idea of the appearance of this man.

In 1898, Alexey Vikulovich turned to the Moscow City Duma with an application for a donation of 400 thousand rubles, bequeathed by his late parent for the construction of a children's hospital. Having accepted the Morozovs' donation, the city hastily allocated a site. In Moscow at that time there was an extremely high level of spread of infectious diseases among children: measles, whooping cough, diphtheria... And children with infectious diseases were admitted only in one city hospital - St. Vladimir. And only a small number of places were intended for this. There were only three children's hospitals at that time: in addition to the above-mentioned St. Olga - for 40 beds and St. Sophia - for 100. For the city, which at that time was experiencing one of the most turbulent periods of growth and influx of people in its history, this was a drop in the ocean .

On Horse Square

The location was determined at the beginning of Mytnaya Street, where Horse Square was located. The fact that the hospital should be built specifically in Zamoskvorechye was a condition of the will of Vikula Evseevich Morozov, as well as the availability of medical care for children of all classes.

On the map of Moscow, Horse Square looked like an irregularly shaped quadrangle: horse fairs were held there and... court verdicts were announced. (For example, the verdict of the first revolutionary terrorist Nechaev was announced precisely at the Konnaya.)

Morozov Children's Hospital in Moscow, administrative building

Everything is separate

Having transferred the money bequeathed by his parent to the city, Morozov took upon himself the main efforts associated with the design, construction and organization of a completely new children's medical institution for the city. First of all, he sent the best pediatric surgeon in Moscow, Timofey Petrovich Krasnobaev, on a long foreign business trip “across Europe” to get acquainted with the latest achievements in order to use the best experience at that time when creating a hospital.

Since staff can also be carriers of the infection, in each department in the second floor superstructure it was planned to equip housing for nannies and paramedics only for that building.

Discoverers

In 1903, the first infectious diseases wards were opened for patients with scarlet fever, diphtheria and mixed infections. In 1906 - 6 more medical buildings, staff housing, a chapel, and all outbuildings. As a result, an entire medical campus was created: 9 buildings arranged in three rows. (Several pavilions - therapeutic, surgical buildings, for “doubtful patients” and other buildings - were built according to the design of I. A. Ivanov-Shits.) A park was laid out, trees were planted both around the buildings and around the entire territory.

Prominent clinicians B. A. Egiz, V. A. Kolli, T. P. Krasnobaev (a monument to him was erected on the territory of the hospital) not only carried out medical work, but also taught young specialists who also lived at the hospital. Doctors were engaged in scientific activities, publishing manuals on the diagnosis and treatment of severe infectious diseases, and on pediatric surgery.

Much of what was carried out here was then for the first time in Russia. And throughout its subsequent history, the Morozov hospital continued to remain a pioneer in many ways. Already in Soviet times, the first department in Russia with Meltzer boxes for complete isolation of patients was opened here, then the first specialized otolaryngology department, the first rheumatology department, the first department for patients with tuberculous meningitis (and the first such sick child was cured here). Already in the 60s, the country's first department for newborns with damage to the nervous system, traumatology and endocrinology, hematology for patients with leukemia, and neurosurgical departments appeared.