Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev. The secret of Brezhnev's biography

Many Soviet citizens were not even aware of its existence. Everyone knew that Leonid Ilyich had a daughter, Galina. Why was Yuri in the shadows? How was his fate? When he died? The answers to these and other questions are given in the article.

Yuri Brezhnev: biography, family

He was born on March 31, 1933 in the Ukrainian city of Kamensky, in the Dnipropetrovsk region. He was brought up in a working-class Brezhnev family. Father Leonid Ilyich had long dreamed of the appearance of an heir. And it looks like God heard his prayers. The family already had one child - daughter Galina (b. 1929).

Yura grew up as an active and sociable boy. He had many friends and girlfriends. Soon the war began. Leonid Ilyich went to the front. And his family was evacuated to the Kazakh city of Alma-Ata.

Victoria Petrovna (Yura's mother) believed that her beloved husband would come home from the war safe and sound. After the announcement of the Victory, Leonid Ilyich really returned. But not alone, but with a field wife. He was going to leave his family for a young lovebird. And only the son of Yura could stop his father from such a step. Victoria forgave her husband. The family returned to Ukraine.

Adulthood

On the advice of his father, Yuri Brezhnev submitted documents to the Dneprodzerzhinsk Metallurgical Institute. He managed to enter this university the first time. He was one of the best students in the course.

Leonid Ilyich built a brilliant political career, becoming the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1964. But the son of Yura did not have the same penetrating character. Both friends and strangers often took advantage of his naivety and gullibility.

The Secretary General considered sending his son abroad as a solution to the problem. Previously, this could only be done through a trade or diplomatic line. As a result, Yuri Leonidovich Brezhnev got abroad only a few years later. He was sent to Sweden as a senior engineer of the trade mission.

"Honey Trap"

Many of you know that the relatives of any influential politician are under vigilant control by the secret services. Yuri was no exception. Brezhnev, whose biography we are considering, was tracked down by British intelligence officers MI-6. They put together a whole dossier on him. In the materials, the character of the Secretary General's son was described in the following words: weak-willed, non-confrontational, abusing alcohol.

In the late 1960s, the British MI6 (together with the Swedish state security service) developed an operation code-named "honey trap". It is not difficult to guess that Y. Brezhnev was supposed to fall into it. The main "performer" was appointed a beautiful Englishwoman named Ann. She arrived in Stockholm. There she was supposed to meet Yuri, bring him to an apartment stuffed with photographic equipment, give him a drink and put him to bed. However, the operation failed miserably. 2 days before the planned implementation of this plan, Brezhnev was suddenly summoned to Moscow. It is possible that Lubyanka was warned in time by one of the KGB agents in Sweden.

Career

If you think that Yuri Brezhnev bathed in the rays of his father's former glory, then you are mistaken. He worked hard, providing a decent life for his wife and children. At various times, our hero was the manager of a plant in Dnepropetrovsk, Deputy Minister of Foreign Trade of the USSR, deputy of the Supreme Council, an employee of the Foreign Ministry.

Children of Yuri Brezhnev

In the mid-1950s, our hero married his beloved girl Lyudmila. She was a graduate of the English Department of the Pedagogical Institute, located in Dnepropetrovsk. The General Secretary approved the choice of his successor.

In March 1956, Yuri and his wife Lyudmila had their first child, a son. The baby was named Leonid in honor of the outstanding grandfather. In 1961, another replenishment took place in the Brezhnev family. Their second son, Andrei, was born. The couple also dreamed of having a daughter. But fate had its own way. The children of Yuri Leonidovich Brezhnev have long grown up, got their own families.

The youngest son Andrei received a higher economic education. Recently engaged in politics, is the first secretary of the Communist Party of Social Justice.

The eldest son Leonid learned to be a chemist-technologist. At various times he taught at Moscow State University, worked at one of the capital's enterprises. Now he is a businessman (engaged in the development of chemical additives and shampoos). He has four children - three daughters and a son. Divorced.

Hard times

The death of his father in 1982 was a real blow to Yuri. He sincerely mourned the loss of a loved one. Our hero had no idea that from now on his life would change. Soon M. Gorbachev came to power. All the achievements of the former general secretary were subjected to the harshest criticism. Yuri Brezhnev was very worried about the current situation. He began to seek solace in alcohol. As a result, he was sent into retirement with the wording "for health reasons."

In 1991, Yeltsin became president of Russia. However, Yuri Leonidovich's attitude to power has not changed. After all, the new rulers continued to criticize his late father.

In 2003, our hero was returned a personal pension, assessing his services to the Russian Federation. The decree on this was personally signed by V.V. Putin.

In 2012, Yuri became a widower. After a serious illness, his beloved wife Lyudmila died. The sons were close and supported the father.

Death

In the last years of his life, Yuri Leonidovich Brezhnev suffered from diseased kidneys. In order to improve his health, he tried to spend more time at his dacha in the Crimea. His sons often visited him.

In 2006, Yuri was diagnosed with a tumor (meningioma) in the parietal part of the brain. Doctors prescribed him an operation, which was ultimately successful. However, the disease receded only for a while. Soon she made itself felt, and with renewed vigor.

Yuri Brezhnev (son of Leonid Brezhnev) died on August 3, 2013 at the Central Clinical Hospital located in Moscow.

On December 19, Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev was born - a Soviet statesman and party leader who held the highest leadership positions in the Soviet state hierarchy for 18 years: from 1964 until his death in 1982. Veteran of the Great Patriotic War. Participant in the Victory Parade on Red Square on June 24, 1945.
First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1964-1966, from 1966 to 1982 - General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1960-1964 and 1977-1982. Marshal of the Soviet Union (1976).
Hero of Socialist Labor (1961) and four times Hero of the Soviet Union (1966, 1976, 1978, 1981). Laureate of the International Lenin Prize "For strengthening peace between peoples" (1973) and the Lenin Prize for Literature (1979).
In 1978 he was awarded the Order of Victory, in 1989 this award was posthumously canceled by a decree of the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR M. S. Gorbachev.
In total, Brezhnev had 117 Soviet and foreign state awards.
According to the results of a public opinion poll in 2013, Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev was recognized as the best head of state in Russia (USSR) in the 20th century

Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev was born in Kamenskoye, Yekaterinoslav province (now Dneprodzerzhinsk, Dnepropetrovsk region of Ukraine) in the family of Ilya Yakovlevich Brezhnev (1874-1930) and Natalia Denisovna Mazalova (1886-1975).
His father and mother were born and before moving to Kamenskoye lived in the village. Brezhnevo (now the Kursk district of the Kursk region). Brezhnev's father was a technical worker at a metallurgical plant - a "fabricator".
Brother - Brezhnev Yakov Ilyich (1912-1993). Sister - Brezhneva Vera Ilyinichna (1910-1997).
In various official documents, including the passport, Leonid Brezhnev's nationality was indicated as Ukrainian or Russian (see the "Documents" section of this article).
In 1915 he was admitted to the classical gymnasium of the city of Kamenskoye, from which he graduated in 1921.
Since 1921, Leonid Ilyich worked at the Kursk oil mill, in 1923 he joined the Komsomol.
In 1923-1927 he studied at the Kursk land surveying and reclamation technical school. Having received the qualification of a land surveyor of the 3rd category, he worked as a surveyor-land surveyor: for several months in the village. Terebreno, Krasnoyaruzhsky volost, Graivoronsky district, Kursk province, then in the Kokhanovsky district of the Orsha district of the Byelorussian SSR (now Tolochinsky district).
In 1927 he married Victoria Denisova.
In March 1928, Brezhnev was transferred to the Urals, where he worked as a land surveyor, head of the district land department, deputy chairman of the Bisertsky district executive committee of the Ural region (1929-1930), deputy head of the Ural regional land administration.

In September 1930, he left the Urals and entered the Moscow Institute of Agricultural Engineering named after M. I. Kalinin, and in the spring of 1931 he was transferred to the evening faculty of the Dneprodzerzhinsk Metallurgical Institute. Simultaneously with his studies, he works as a mechanic for
In 1935 he graduated from the institute, received a diploma of an engineer in thermal power plants.
Member of the CPSU (b) since October 24, 1931.
In 1935-1936 he served in the army: a cadet and political instructor of a tank company in Transbaikalia (the village of Peschanka, 15 km southeast of the city of Chita). He studied at the motorization and mechanization courses of the Red Army, after which he received his first officer rank - lieutenant. In 1982, after the death of L. I. Brezhnev, his name was given to the Peschansky Tank Training Regiment.
In 1936-1937 he was the director of the metallurgical technical school in Dneprodzerzhinsk. In 1937
From May 1937 he was deputy chairman of the Dneprodzerzhinsk city executive committee. Since 1937 at work in party bodies. In Dneprodzerzhinsk, Leonid Brezhnev lived in a modest two-story four-apartment house number 40 on Pelin Avenue. Now it is called "Lenin's house". According to former neighbors, he was very fond of chasing pigeons from the dovecote that stood in the yard (now there is a garage in its place). The last time he visited his ancestral home was in 1979, taking a picture with its residents as a keepsake.
Since 1938, the head of the department of the Dnepropetrovsk regional committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, since 1939, the secretary of the regional committee.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he takes part in the mobilization of the population into the Red Army, and is engaged in the evacuation of industry. Then he served in political positions in the army: deputy head of the political department of the Black Sea Group of Forces of the North Caucasian Front (1941-1943), head of the political department of the 18th Army, deputy head of the political department of the Southern Front (1943-1945).

At the beginning of 1942, for participation under the command of R. Ya. Malinovsky in the offensive Barvenkovo-Lozovsky operation in the south of the Kharkov region, Brezhnev received his first Order of the Red Banner.

As a brigadier commissar, when the institution of military commissars was abolished in October 1942, instead of the expected general rank, he was certified as a colonel.

In 1943 he participated in the liberation of Novorossiysk. During the preparation of the operation to liberate the city, he repeatedly visited with an amphibious assault the Malaya Zemlya bridgehead, surrounded from land by the enemy, on the western shore of the Tsemesskaya Bay. For the liberation of Novorossiysk, he was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree.

The head of the political department of the 18th Army, Colonel Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, sailed forty times to Malaya Zemlya, and this was dangerous, since some ships on the road were blown up by mines and died from direct shells and air bombs. Once the seiner, on which Brezhnev was sailing, ran into a mine, the colonel was thrown into the sea ... sailors picked him up ...
- S. A. Borzenko in the article "225 days of courage and courage" ("Pravda", 1943)
“In repelling the German offensive, the head of the political department of the 18th Army, Colonel Comrade, took an active part. Brezhnev. The calculation of one machine gun (private Kadyrov, Abdurzakov, from the replenishment) was confused and did not open fire in a timely manner. Before a platoon of Germans, taking advantage of this, they crept up to our positions to throw a grenade. Tov. Brezhnev physically influenced the machine gunners and forced them to join the battle. Having suffered significant losses, the Germans retreated, leaving several wounded on the battlefield. By order of Comrade Brezhnev's crew conducted aimed fire at them until they destroyed it.

Since June 1945, Leonid Brezhnev was the head of the political department of the 4th Ukrainian Front, then - the head of the political department of the Carpathian military district.

Participated in the suppression of the movement for the independence of Ukraine - the armed detachments of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN).

At the Victory Parade on June 24, 1945 on Red Square in Moscow, L. I. Brezhnev was the commissar of the combined regiment of the 4th Ukrainian Front, walked at the head of the column along with the front commander.

From August 30, 1946 to November 1947, he was the first secretary of the Zaporozhye regional party committee (appointed on the recommendation of N. S. Khrushchev). He supervised the restoration of enterprises destroyed during the war and the Dneproges. For success in the revival of the Zaporizhstal metallurgical plant, L. I. Brezhnev received his first Order of Lenin on December 7, 1947.

In 1947-1950 he worked as the first secretary of the Dnepropetrovsk regional party committee. He did a lot for the post-war reconstruction of the city and industrial enterprises. In 1948 he was awarded the medal "For the restoration of the ferrous metallurgy enterprises of the South."
Since the summer of 1950 - the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Moldova. He stayed in this post until October 1952, when, after a personal meeting with Stalin at the 19th Congress of the CPSU, he was elected a member of the Central Committee for the first time, and at the post-Congress Plenum of the Central Committee he was elected Secretary of the Central Committee and a candidate member of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Party. He was also a member of the standing committees under the Presidium of the Central Committee - on foreign affairs and on defense issues (in the latter from November 19, 1952).

After Stalin's death in March 1953, Brezhnev was relieved of both posts and appointed head of the political department of the Naval Ministry. According to Mlechin, with the unification of the Military and Naval Ministries that followed in the same month to form the Ministry of Defense, their political agencies were merged, and Brezhnev was left without work. In May 1953, Brezhnev wrote a letter to the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR G. M. Malenkov with a request to send him to work in the party organization of Ukraine. By order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR No. 01608 of May 21, 1953, Brezhnev was returned to the cadres of the Soviet army.

According to P. A. Sudoplatov and General K. S. Moskalenko, L. I. Brezhnev was among the 10 armed generals summoned to the Kremlin on June 26, 1953 to arrest L. P. Beria.

From May 21, 1953 to February 27, 1954, Deputy Head of the Main Political Directorate of the Soviet Army and Navy. Lieutenant General (08/04/1953).

In 1954, at the suggestion of N. S. Khrushchev, he was transferred to Kazakhstan, where he first worked as the second, and since 1955 as the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the republic. Leads the development of virgin lands. Participates in the preparation of the construction of the Baikonur cosmodrome in central Kazakhstan.

Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU for the defense industry from February 1956 to July 1960, in 1956-1957 a candidate member of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU, since 1957 a member of the Presidium (since 1966 - Politburo) of the Central Committee of the CPSU.

From May 1960 to July 1964 - Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. At the same time from June 1963 to October 1964 - Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU.
Being the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, L. I. Brezhnev participated in solving the issues of the construction of the Baikonur Cosmodrome, inspected the progress of work on the construction of launch complexes. He wrote:

Experts understood well: it would be faster, easier, cheaper to settle in the Black Lands. Here, there is a railway, a highway, water, and electricity, the whole area is inhabited, and the climate is not as harsh as in Kazakhstan. So the Caucasian version had many supporters. At that time I had to study a lot of documents, projects, certificates, discuss all this with scientists, business executives, engineers, specialists who in the future were to launch rocket technology into space. Gradually, a well-grounded decision took shape in my own mind. The Central Committee of the party came out for the first option - the Kazakh one. ... Life has confirmed the expediency and correctness of such a decision: the lands of the North Caucasus are preserved for agriculture, and Baikonur has transformed another region of the country. The missile range needed to be put into operation quickly, the deadlines were tight, and the scale of the work was huge.

As secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, L. I. Brezhnev oversaw the issues of the military-industrial complex, including the development of space technology. For the preparation of the first manned flight into space (Yu. A. Gagarin, April 12, 1961) was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor (the decree was not published)

In 1964, he participated in organizing the removal of N. S. Khrushchev. Leonid Brezhnev offered V.E. Semichastny, chairman of the KGB of the USSR during the preparation of the October plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1964, to physically get rid of N.S. Khrushchev. Member of the Politburo, Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU (1964-1973), First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (1963-1972) Pyotr Efimovich Shelest recalls:

I told Podgorny that I had met in Zheleznovodsk with V.E. Semichastny told me that Brezhnev offered him to physically get rid of N. S. Khrushchev by arranging an airplane accident, a car accident, poisoning or arrest.
Podgorny confirmed all this and said that Semichastny and him had rejected all these “options” for eliminating Khrushchev ...

All of this will be known someday! And what will “our leader” look like in this light?
October 14 p. The Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU was held. The Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU granted the request of N. Khrushchev to release him from the duties of the First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, member of the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR due to advanced age and deteriorating health. The Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU elected Comrade L. I. Brezhnev as the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU.

At the Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee on October 14, 1964, Brezhnev was elected First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee and Chairman of the Bureau of the CPSU Central Committee for the RSFSR
Formally, in 1964, a return to the "Leninist principles of collective leadership" was proclaimed. Along with Brezhnev, A. N. Shelepin, N. V. Podgorny and A. N. Kosygin played an important role in the leadership.

The fact is that initially the figure of Brezhnev as Secretary General was not considered as permanent. And he knew it very well.

On January 22, 1969, during a solemn meeting of the crews of the Soyuz-4 and Soyuz-5 spacecraft, an unsuccessful attempt was made on L. I. Brezhnev. The junior lieutenant of the Soviet Army Viktor Ilyin, dressed in someone else's police uniform, entered the Borovitsky Gate under the guise of a security guard and opened fire with two pistols at the car in which, as he assumed, the general secretary was supposed to go. In fact, cosmonauts Leonov, Nikolaev, Tereshkova and Beregovoy were in this car. The driver, Ilya Zharkov, was killed by shots and several people were injured before the escort motorcyclist knocked the shooter down. Brezhnev himself was driving in another car (and according to some sources, even by a different route) and was not injured.

In 1967, Brezhnev paid official visits to Hungary, in 1971 - France, in 1973 - Germany, in 1974 - Cuba.

March 22, 1974 Brezhnev was awarded the military rank of Army General (bypassing the rank of Colonel General)

Brezhnev, in the course of the apparatus struggle, managed to eliminate Shelepin and Podgorny and place people personally devoted to him in key positions (Yu. Note 1]). Kosygin was not eliminated, but his economic policy was systematically sabotaged by Brezhnev.

We, people close to the top leadership of the country at that time, knew that there were certain frictions between them. And Brezhnev more than once, in conversations with us, the secretaries of the regional committees, spoke disapprovingly about the activities of the government. That, they say, it does not work well enough, and many issues have to be resolved in the Central Committee, that is, he emphasized the shortcomings in the work of the Council of Ministers. And it was perfectly clear to everyone that these arrows were aimed at Kosygin.

The party apparatus believed in Brezhnev, considering him as his protege and defender of the system. According to Roy Medvedev and L. A. Molchanov, the party nomenklatura rejected any reforms, sought to maintain a regime that provided it with power, stability and wide privileges, and it was during the Brezhnev period that the party apparatus completely subjugated the state, ministries and executive committees became mere executors of party decisions bodies, and non-party leaders have practically disappeared

In 1968, after a series of interstate negotiations with the participation of the heads of the socialist countries (except Romania), Brezhnev and his colleagues in the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU decided to send troops to Czechoslovakia to suppress the Prague Spring. On August 18, a meeting of the leaders of the USSR, East Germany, Poland, Bulgaria and Hungary took place in Moscow, where military-political measures were agreed upon, the implementation of which began 2 days later. Brezhnev was inhibited, his reactions were inadequate, and during the negotiations, the Secretary General lost his diction. The aides demanded an answer as to whether Brezhnev would be able to continue negotiations. Brezhnev himself muttered something, tried to get up, and a reaction arose that frightened the entire Politburo. Kosygin sat next to Brezhnev and saw how he gradually began to lose the thread of the conversation.

“His tongue began to weave,” Kosygin said, “and suddenly the hand with which he propped up his head began to fall. We should have him in the hospital. Nothing terrible would happen." This was for us the first signal of the weakness of Brezhnev's nervous system and, in connection with this, a perverted reaction to sleeping pills.

There is a statement that in November 1972 Brezhnev suffered a stroke with serious consequences. However, Academician Chazov, who treated Brezhnev, refutes this:

In his life, he [Brezhnev] only once, being the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Moldova, suffered a myocardial infarction. In 1957, there were slight changes in the heart, but they were only focal in nature. Since then, he has not had a heart attack or stroke.

Before Prince Philip visited the USSR in 1973, the Foreign Office provided him with brief profiles of the persons he was to meet. Leonid Brezhnev was described there as “a strong-willed man, exuding confidence and competence, without possessing a brilliant intellect. Despite the blooming appearance, he suffered several heart attacks. Likes hunting, football and driving; doesn't speak English."

US President Jimmy Carter with the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU. L. I. Brezhnev. Vienna, 1979
In early 1976, he suffered a clinical death. After that, he was never able to physically recover, and his serious condition and inability to govern the country became more and more obvious every year. Brezhnev suffered from asthenia (nervous mental weakness) and atherosclerosis of the cerebral vessels. He could work only an hour or two a day, after which he slept, watched TV, etc. He became addicted to sleeping pills - Nembutal.

A syringe is enough - and the Secretary General becomes a puppet in someone's hands. I suspect that it was the medical intervention that made Brezhnev a parody of Brezhnev...

On May 22-30, 1972, the first official visit of a US President to Moscow in the history of Soviet-American relations took place. During the meeting between Brezhnev and Richard Nixon, the Treaty between the USSR and the USA on the Limitation of Anti-Missile Defense Systems (ABM Treaty), the Interim Agreement between the USSR and the USA on Certain Measures in the Field of Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (SALT-1), the Fundamentals of Relations between the USSR and USA.

On June 18-26, 1973, Brezhnev made a return visit to the United States, held talks with Nixon in Washington, as a result of which an agreement was signed on the prevention of nuclear war, the non-use of nuclear weapons, and a strategic arms reduction treaty. On behalf of American businessmen, Nixon presented Brezhnev with a $10,000 car. For several days, Brezhnev stayed at Nixon's villa in San Clemento (California). Brezhnev's visit took place at a difficult moment for Nixon, recalled Anatoly Dobrynin, Soviet Ambassador to the United States, his influence and authority in the United States were going through a crisis that ended on August 9, 1974 with his resignation. During Brezhnev's visit, the Watergate hearings, which were televised throughout the States, were interrupted for a week. A film "In the name of peace on earth" was made about Brezhnev's visit to the United States.

On November 23-24, 1974, a working meeting between Brezhnev and US President Gerald Ford took place in the Vladivostok region. During the meeting, a Joint Soviet-American Statement was signed, in which the parties confirmed their intention to conclude a new agreement on SALT for a period up to the end of 1985.

On June 18, 1979, in Vienna, Brezhnev and US President Jimmy Carter signed the Treaty between the USSR and the United States on the limitation of strategic offensive arms (SALT-2 treaty).

After the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979, top-level contacts between the USSR and the United States were curtailed. The next meeting took place only in November 1985, when Mikhail Gorbachev became General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee.

Nevertheless, a US state delegation headed by Vice President George W. Bush and Secretary of State George Shultz arrived in Moscow for Brezhnev's funeral in November 1982.

In the 1970s, a partial reconciliation of the two systems (“détente”) took place in the international arena. It was at this time (1973) that Brezhnev received the Lenin Prize for strengthening peace between peoples.

In May 1973, Brezhnev made an official visit to Germany, where for the first time the topic of the inviolability of borders in Europe was raised at the highest level. Federal Chancellor Willy Brandt answered Brezhnev evasively and, as it turned out, shrewdly: "There are no eternal borders, but no one should seek to change them by force." An agreement was signed between the USSR and the FRG. The success of Brezhnev's visit to Germany was facilitated by the operation carried out by the Stasi secret service of the GDR, together with Soviet foreign intelligence, to bribe several deputies of the Bundestag, which prevented the defeat of Chancellor Brandt in parliament when voting a vote of confidence in him on April 27, 1972. This ensured the subsequent ratification of the treaties of the FRG with the Soviet Union, Poland and the GDR, which fixed the eastern borders of the FRG that developed after the Second World War.

March 22, 1974 (bypassing the rank of colonel general) Brezhnev was awarded the military rank of army general.

On August 1, 1975, Brezhnev signed the Helsinki Accords in Helsinki, which confirmed the inviolability of borders in Europe. Before that, the FRG had not recognized the Potsdam Agreements, which changed the borders of Poland and Germany, and did not recognize the existence of the GDR. The FRG actually did not even recognize the accession of Kaliningrad and Klaipeda to the USSR.

In the capital of Finland, Brezhnev also held a number of bilateral meetings. During a conversation with British Prime Minister Harold Wilson, according to the personal photographer Vladimir Musaelyan, who accompanied the Secretary General, there was a funny episode in which Leonid Ilyich showed his extraordinary sense of humor. Lighting his pipe, Wilson could not figure out where to put his case. Brezhnev immediately helped him and at the same time joked: "All the secrets of England are in my hands!".

In the early 1980s, Brezhnev declared that the capitalist countries had moved from Harry Truman's ideology of "containment of communism" to the idea of "convergence of the two systems" and "peaceful coexistence." Reagan, who became President of the United States in 1981, objected, and soon, after the Shield-82 military exercises conducted by the USSR in the summer of 1982, Reagan called the USSR the "Evil Empire" on March 8, 1983.

From June 20 to June 22, 1977, Brezhnev paid an official visit to France and held talks with President Valery Giscard d'Estaing, as a result of which he signed a joint statement on detente of international tension, the Soviet-French declaration on the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons and other documents.
On February 20, 1978, he was awarded the Order of Victory, for, as stated in the decree, “... a great contribution to the victory of the Soviet people and its Armed Forces in the Great Patriotic War, outstanding services in strengthening the country's defense capability, for the development and consistent implementation of the foreign policy of the Soviet world of a State Reliably Ensuring the Development of the Country in Peaceful Conditions”, which was awarded only in wartime for outstanding services in front command during victories that provided a radical turning point in a strategic situation. The award was canceled by decree of M. S. Gorbachev on September 21, 1989 as contradicting the status of the order.
A group of well-known Soviet journalists was commissioned to write Brezhnev's memoirs ("Malaya Zemlya", "Renaissance", "Vselina"), designed to strengthen his political authority. As Leonid Mlechin pointed out, “Brezhnev himself not only did not participate in the work on his own memoirs, but did not even tell the people who wrote them anything. For them, they found some documents in the archive and found Brezhnev's colleagues. Thanks to millions of copies, Brezhnev's fee amounted to 179,241 rubles. By including the General Secretary's memoirs in school and university programs and making them mandatory for a "positive" discussion in all labor collectives, party ideologists achieved the exact opposite result - L. I. Brezhnev became the hero of numerous jokes during his lifetime. Vyacheslav Tikhonov, People's Artist of the USSR, read his memoirs on All-Union Radio.

On December 12, 1979, Brezhnev and his closest associates decided on a special operation to change power in Afghanistan and to send Soviet troops into this country, which was the beginning of the USSR's long-term participation in the intra-Afghan conflict.

... my uncle called Dmitry Ustinov every day and, using the generally accepted folklore dialect, asked: "When will this ... war end?" Angry and blushing, the general secretary shouted into the phone: “Dima, you promised me that this would not be for long. Our children are dying there!”

After the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, which Brezhnev decided on, the West imposed sectoral sanctions on the USSR, the most sensitive of which affected the gas export industry: the Soviet Union was no longer supplied with large-diameter pipes and compressors for gas pipelines, which, according to the last Soviet Prime Minister Nikolai Ryzhkov, gave an impetus to the construction of pipe-rolling plants and the production of import-substituting domestic products for gas and oil pipelines.

In 1981, on the eve of the 50th anniversary of Leonid Ilyich's stay in the party, only for him alone was issued a badge cast in gold "50 years of being in the CPSU" (for other veterans of the CPSU, this badge was made of silver with gilding).

The fourth Gold Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to Brezhnev in December 1981 on the occasion of his 75th birthday [
On March 23, 1982, during Brezhnev's visit to Tashkent, a walkway full of people collapsed on him at an aircraft manufacturing plant. As a result, Brezhnev's collarbone was broken, which then never healed. After this incident, the Secretary General's health was completely undermined. The next day, Brezhnev was to speak at a ceremonial meeting in Tashkent. He was persuaded to immediately return to Moscow and be treated, but Brezhnev refused, stayed, made a speech. It seemed to those sitting in the hall and TV viewers that Brezhnev had drunk the day before, because he was somewhat sluggish. Only the people accompanying him knew that even a slight movement of his right hand was extremely painful for him, so the doctors gave him a painkiller. On November 7, 1982, Brezhnev made his last public appearance. Standing on the podium of Lenin's Mausoleum, he took the military Parade on Red Square for several hours; however, his difficult physical condition was conspicuous even in the official shooting.

Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev died in his sleep on the night of November 10, 1982 at the Zarechye-6 state dacha. According to the conclusion of the medical examination, death occurred between 8 and 9 o'clock in the morning from sudden cardiac arrest. From the published materials and evidence, it remains unclear why on that night and by the time the body was discovered, Brezhnev’s personal doctor Mikhail Kosarev (who usually even during meals always sat at the table with the Secretary General) was absent at the dacha, there was no medical post, due to what to carry out resuscitation for about an hour had only the guard Vladimir Sobachenkov. This strange and inexplicable circumstance, even after more than 30 years, is indicated, in particular, by the historian and publicist Leonid Mlechin. At the call of the chief of security, Major General of the KGB of the USSR Vladimir Medvedev, the attending physician Yevgeny Chazov soon arrived, who, according to his recollections, barely glancing at the blue face of the Secretary General, realized that resuscitation was already useless. Chazov, having carefully weighed all the circumstances and consequences, decided to first inform everyone about the death of General Secretary Yuri Andropov, the second person in the party and the state. Andropov, the first of the politicians to arrive at the place of death, immediately took Brezhnev's personal briefcase with a digital lock, which Leonid Ilyich himself told his relatives with a laugh, as if it contained dirt on all members of the Politburo. The media reported Brezhnev's death only a day later, on November 11 at 10 am. However, many experienced people both in the USSR and abroad, even on the day of the death of the Secretary General, guessed that something out of the ordinary had happened in the country: minor classical music sounded on all radio channels, television canceled the broadcast of a festive concert dedicated to Police Day (his was replaced by the screening of a film about Lenin "A Man with a Gun"), by the evening on Red Square there was an unusual crowd of black government cars - "member carriers", which attracted the attention of Western correspondents, who made the first public assumptions on the air.

Brezhnev was buried on November 15 in Red Square in Moscow near the Kremlin wall. According to published testimonies, it was the most magnificent and pompous funeral after Stalin's in March 1953, the heads of state and government of more than 35 countries of the world were present.

Among those who arrived to say goodbye to Brezhnev was unexpectedly the president of Pakistan, General Zia-ul-Haq, who actively supported the Afghan Mujahideen in the war against the Soviet troops and therefore was perceived in the USSR as an unfriendly figure. Taking advantage of an unforeseen opportunity, Andropov and Gromyko held a meeting with Zia-ul-Haq in the Kremlin, and these were the first direct negotiations of the Soviet leadership to resolve the conflict in Afghanistan

And for whom will these Jewish Jews build the third temple? after all, in their Talmuds it is very clearly written that the MESSIAH will come and wake up to preach in the second temple, which it was! But the Jews simply apparently do not know how to count, or they are simply waiting for their Messiah Satan, for this a third temple will be built, and every Jew knows that the MESSIAH wakes up in the SECOND TEMPLE
that's the whole truth about the Jews!

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THE LIFE OF THE ANTICHRIST HAS 3 PERIODS...
FIRST PERIOD. THIS IS HIS BIRTH AND HIS SECRET EDUCATION UNTIL THE AGE OF 26.5 YEARS ... AND THIS IS FROM THE RECENT NEWS ... READ ... “Telling about the Antichrist, Father. Gury directly told me that the ANTICHRIST had already been born, and that someone had already seen him.”
AND THIS IS WHAT THE ANCIENTS KNEW ... * ANTICHRIST * will come from THE MOST * PRODICTIVE VIRGIN * - a Jewess from the tribe of DAN As a young man, he will be very capable and smart, and especially since then, when he, being a boy of 12 years old, walking with mother in the garden, he will meet with Satan, who, coming out of the abyss itself, will enter into it. The boy will shudder with fright, and Satan will say: “Don’t be afraid, I will help you now in everything.” From this youth, the Antichrist will mature in the form of a human,” wrote (St. PROBABLY HAS ALREADY
SECOND PERIOD. 26.5 YEARS - 29 FULL YEARS... 3.5 YEARS..OR 42 MONTHS... HE WILL APPEAR AS A BRIGHT YOUNG POLITICAN... AND WILL BE THE HEAD OF THE *NEW WORLD GOVERNMENT* SOON... SEDUCING THE WORLD WITH HIS WORK AND MIRACLES... THIS A TIME OF TERRIBLE PERSECUTION ON * THE CHURCH OF CHRIST * ... WELL, IN GENERAL, THE WHOLE GODLESS WORLD WILL EAT ... DRINK AND HAVE FUN ... AS in 37 years in the USSR. WHEN *ENEMIES OF THE PEOPLE* DIE ALL OVER THE COUNTRY IN THE BASEMENTS OF THE NKVD IN HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS IN TERRIBLE TORTURES ... AND THE PEOPLE WERE UNITEDLY MARCHING IN PARADES AND GLORIOUS * NATIVE * STALIN ... WE READ WHAT WRITTEN IN ANCIENT TIME ... He will come ... especially respecting the Jewish people because the Jews will be waiting for his coming…” St. Ephraim the Syrian.... "He will sound his trumpet, he will call himself the promised Messiah..." St. Ephraim the Syrian.... “The first step... will be to achieve popularity among the Jews. This * WORLD LEADER * ... will take all efforts so that the Jews recognize him as their promised Messiah "... THIS WAS WRITTEN IN THE 4TH CENTURY ... IT IS IMPORTANT TO ADD HERE ... WHAT EXACTLY THE PERSECUTION OF CHRISTIANS WILL RAISE ITS POPULARITY AND RECOGNITION BY EVERYONE EUR. BY THE PEOPLE. THEY WILL BELIEVE THIS IS THE *LONG-WAITED MESSIAH*
THIRD PERIOD
ENHANCEMENT ON THE THRONE in the NEW TEMPLE...2030. The beginning of the year .... HIS LIFE from 30 years ... to 33.5 years ... Exactly 3.5 YEARS.
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ALMOST ALL THEOLOGISTS NOW.... AND BEFORE, THEY CLEARLY UNDERSTAND THAT THE ANTICHRIST... WHICH WILL APPEAR FIRST UNDER THE DIMENSION OF THE PIVIOUS * SAVOR OF THE WORLD* FOR THE FIRST 3.5 YEARS, WILL START MONSTERLY DECEIVING ALL PEOPLE... CREATING TOGETHER WITH THE FALSE PROPHET MIRACLES... AND SIGNS ... THAT ALL PEOPLE ... AND EXACTLY THE JEWS FIRST OF ALL BELIEVED THAT HE IS * THE COMING MESSIAH * ... AND THE JEWS WILL BELIEVE ... ALMOST EVERYTHING ... EXCEPT THE CHRISTIANS OF THE WORLD MOVEMENT * JEUSES JESUS * ... AND WILL REIGN HE IS ON THE THRONE IN THE NEW TEMPLE AT THE AGE OF 30...EXACTLY AS CHRIST STARTED HIS MINISTRY AT THIS AGE...WHY?...AND BECAUSE 30 years. - ACCORDING TO JUDAAN LAWS, THIS IS THE AGE OF *MALE SPIRITUAL MATURITY*... BEFORE WHICH NO ONE CAN SERVE IN THE TEMPLE... HOW MUCH WILL A YOUNG *FALSE MESSIAH* APPEAR IN HIS 2nd PERIOD OF LIFE 42 MONTHS...or (3.5 YEARS). ..WHEN HE APPEARS FOR THE FIRST TIME AS A YOUNG * BRIGHT POLITIC * ... AND TOGETHER WITH HIM AND THE FALSE PROPHET ... TWO PROPHETS WILL APPEAR IN JERUSALEM ... BIBLICAL TYPES OF ELIJAH ... AND ENOCH ... AND ALL THESE FIRST 3.5 YEARS (42 MONTHS) THESE TWO WITNESSES WILL BE ANNOUNCING TO EVERYONE... SCREAMING LITERALLY IN ALL THE SQUARE OF THE CITY... PEOPLE OF ISRAEL WAKE UP! ..
*SO BELIEVE*... WE TAKE OFF FROM 30 years - 42 MONTHS (3.5 years)... and SIMPLE ARITHMETIC GIVES US 26.5 YEARS... WHO DOES IT DO NOT UNDERSTAND???... THERE IS ONE * YOUNG CHRISTIAN * ON THE SITE WRITES TO ME WITH OUTRAGE AND ANGER...*WHAT THE FUCK ARE YOU WRITING*?...*I HAVE READ THE BIBLE FOR 15 YEARS...AND THERE IT IS NOT WRITTEN THAT THE ANTICHRIST WILL BE 26.5 YEARS OLD*...WHAT CAN SUCH EXPERTS OF SCRIPTURE ANSWER?... AND THEIR 99% ... YES PEOPLE! ... IT IS NOT WRITTEN ... AS MUCH OTHER ... WHAT THE Apostle JOHN DID NOT WRITE ABOUT ... FOR THE ANGEL FORBIDDEN TO WRITE TO HIM MUCH ... AND THEREFORE WE DO NOT KNOW MANY OF THE EVENTS OF THE FUTURE... BUT THINKING.. WE CAN DO IT AND ANALYZE IT... AND SHOULD??? ...and *EXPLORE*...AND THE DIFFERENCE HERE IS BIG...VERY BIG!... AND THIS IS IMPORTANT... IN THE FIRST 3.5 YEARS *YOUNG LEADER*...or THE NEW WORLD LEADER...how ALL *MASS MEDIA* IN THE WORLD WILL CALL HIM... THEY CAN'T DO ANYTHING TO THESE PROPHETS... FOR GOD ENDOWED THE PROPHETS WITH GREAT POWER... ANYONE APPROACHING THEM WITH EVIL INTENTIONS... THEY CAN DESTROY THEM WITH FIRE... THEREFORE THEY DO NOT SILENT... READING Rev. John. 3. And I will give it to my two witnesses, and they will prophesy a thousand two hundred and sixty days, clothed in sackcloth. 4. These are the two olive trees and the two lampstands standing before the God of the earth...
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NOW LOOK ... EXACTLY AT 30 YEARS OLD THE ANTICHRIST WILL RECEIVE ALL THE POWER * OF THE DEVIL SPIRIT * FROM SATAN ... JUST LIKE CHRIST WAS BAPTIZED * WITH THE HOLY SPIRIT * AT 30 ... AND HERE ALREADY * A YOUNG POLITICIAN * WILL BE IN ESSENCE SUPERMAN... – or more simply *SUPERMAN*...AND WHAT WILL HE DO???... IMMEDIATELY BY THIS SPIRIT HE WILL KILL THESE TWO PROPHETS...WHOSE BODIES THE AUTHORITIES OF JERUSALEM WILL LEAVE IN THE CENTRAL SQUARE OF THE CITY WITHOUT BURIAL. ..WHAT IS A MONSTERIOUS blasphemy UNDER JEWISH LAWS...BUT!...ALL RESIDENTS WILL REJOICE THEIR DEATH...CONGRATULATIONS TO EACH OTHER...AND GIVING GIFTS...THEY WILL REJOICE BECAUSE TELLING THE TRUTH TO ALL UNCLEANERS... LIVING IN SINS AND VICES, THESE TWO WITNESSES ARE PROPHETS... THE PEOPLE'S FAVORITES WILL NOT BE... THEY WILL BE TO ALL LIKE *an eyesore*... CONDEMNING THEIR LIFE IN SINS...AND THEREFORE EVERYONE WILL HATE THEM... WRITING TELLS US THAT THE RAVEN WILL BE ALREADY CIRCULATE OVER THEIR BODIES... HOWEVER!... look... AFTER 3 DAYS GOD WILL RESURRECT THEM... AND THEY WILL RISE INTO THE SKY ON A CLOUD... AND THE WHOLE WORLD WILL OBVIOUSLY SEE THIS on * TV * ... AND IMMEDIATELY A TERRIBLE EARTHQUAKE WILL HAPPEN IN JERUSALEM ... WHERE 7 THOUSAND PEOPLE WILL DIE IN A SECOND ... WELL, AND WE DO NOT KNOW HOW MANY WOUNDED WILL BE ... BUT VISIBLY THIS WILL BE A TERRIBLE DISASTER ... HOWEVER A NEW TEMPLE... ERECTED IN JERUSALEM AT THE END OF THE FIRST PERIOD... AFTER THE 3rd WORLD WAR... PEOPLE FROM THE NORTH... PRINCE ROSH... WHICH ARMY WILL ALL DIE IN THE VALLEY *EUPHRATS*... SURVIVE... AND THIS IS THE 30-YEAR-OLD *ANTICHRIST*, ALREADY OPENING TO THE WORLD, REGULATED IN HIM...THE SPOKES PROUDLY AND BLESSINGLY...NOW WE READ THE SCRIPTURE Rev. John 13-6... And he opened his mouth to blaspheme God, to blaspheme his name, and his dwelling place, and those who dwell in heaven. Rev. 13:7. And it was given to him to make war with the saints and to overcome them; and power was given unto him over every kindred, and people, and tongue, and nation. Rev. 13:8. And all those living on earth will worship him, whose names are not written in the book of life by the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world ... HE WILL INSTANTLY CANCEL ALL RITUALS AND SACRIFICES OF THE HIGH PRIESTS ... AND WILL DEMAND UNDER PAIN OF DEATH FROM ALL PEOPLE ON EARTH ... ... GENERAL WORSHIP OF YOURSELF AS *GOD*...WHICH WILL BE A COMPLETE *SHOCK* FOR ALL JEWS...THE BELIEVE IN HIM AS IN THE LONG-WAITED *Messiah* IN HIS FIRST PERIOD...2026 - 2029... THEREFORE THEY WILL RISE AGAINST HIM... AND ON THE SAME FIRST DAY OF HIS *REUNION*... AND ORGANIZE THE ATTEMPT ON THE ANTICHRIST... MOST MOSTLY A FATAL SHOT TO THE HEAD... VISIBLY A SNIPER... BUT THIS WOUND IS TO THE Amazement OF EVERYTHING OF THE WORLD *WILL HEAL*... READ THE SCRIPTURE. .. THAT IS, IN ESSENCE, HE *WILL RESURRECT THEIR DEAD*... WE READ THE SCRIPTURE... *And I saw that one of his heads was, as it were, mortally wounded, but this mortal wound was healed.* ... And everyone marveled the earth, watching the beast, and bowed to the dragon, who gave power to the beast * ... AND HERE IS THE KEY TO UNDERSTANDING ... THAT THIS ATTEMPT WAS PERFORMED EXACTLY ON THE 1st DAY OF HIS ACCESSION IN THE NEW TEMPLE ... WE READ .. Open. John 13 ch. *And a mouth was given to him speaking proudly and blasphemies, and power was given to him to act FOR FORTY-TWO MONTHS.* ...OR 3.5 YEARS...
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THAT IS - THIS IS THE 3rd PERIOD OF THE ANTICHRIST'S LIFE... IMMEDIATELY AFTER HIS HEALING... AND THIS IS THE BEGINNING OF THE *GREAT tribulation*...2030 - 2033... THE SECOND HALF... A * RISEN* ANTICHRIST.. KNOWING WHO ATTEMPTED ON HIM ... AND FOR REFUSING TO WORSHIP HIM AS * GOD * ... IMMEDIATELY IN A FURIOUS RAGE THE MONSTERIOUS PERSECUTION OF JEWS ALL OVER THE EARTH WILL START ... THIS IS, UNFORTUNATELY, WHAT MOST JEWS DO NOT KNOW NOW ...
ACTUALLY, ROCKEFELLER...AND GEORGE SARORSE AND THE ENTIRE COMMITTEE OF 300 RICHEST JEWS IN THE WORLD FEEL THEIR COMPLETE OWNERS IN THE WORLD... CAN YOU IMAGINE WHAT POWER IS IN THEIR HANDS? BUT WHAT * APPEARED YOUNG LEADER * THEY MIGHT NOT WAIT VERY MUCH... BUT!... THEY WILL ACCEPT HIM... WITH THEIR *OBEDIENT* INSTRUMENT IN HANDS... AND EVEN MAKE HIM THE HEAD OF THE *NEW WORLD GOVERNMENT*... AS THEY APPOINT ALL THE HEADS NOW STATES ALL OVER THE WORLD ... NOT KNOWING AT ALL WHAT THEY WILL HAVE SOON ... UNDER THE ANTICHRIST ... THE FUTURE ANTICHRIST UNDERSTANDS THIS WELL ... THEREFORE, HE WILL IMMEDIATELY ALLIE WITH ISRAEL IN THESE FIRST 3.5 YEARS ... WILL BE VERY WISE... SO WISE.. WHAT ALL THESE *POWERFUL OF THE WORLD*... WILL FALL IN LOVE AND BELIEVE IN HIM... SINCE ITS MAIN PURPOSE IS TO CONVINCE THE JEWISH PEOPLE... THAT HE IS *LONG-WAITED MESSIAH*...NOW IMAGINE THE POSITION...AND THE TOTAL SHOCK OF ALL THESE BILLIONAIRES...COMMITTEE OF 300...WHEN THIS *YOUNG LEADER* SEATS THE THRONE IN THE NEW TEMPLE AND IMMEDIATELY DEMANDS *GENERAL WORSHIP* FROM EVERYONE.. and FROM * THEM* ALSO ... BECAUSE * AS GOD .. AND NOT LIKE A MESSIAH * ... YES THEY ALL WILL BE FUCKED ... THAT'S WHY HAVING ALL THE SECURITY SERVICES IN THEIR HANDS THEY IMMEDIATELY ORGANIZE THE ATTEMPT ON * THE ANTICHRIST * ... ON THE FIRST DAY ... EVEN UNDERSTANDING THAT THIS IS NO LONGER A YOUNG *WISE POLITICIAN* ... RECENTLY OBEYED TO HIM .... AND THIS IS A REAL *BEAST* ... SUPERMAN ... ENDOWED WITH THE FULL SATANIC FORCE and EVIL... By and large, ALL * SIMPLE JEWS * HOLY BELIEVE IN THAT THE * LONG-WAITED MESSIAH * WILL COME AND SAVE THEM FROM ALL THE PROBLEMS IN THE WORLD ... NO PEOPLE! ... HE WILL COME TO DESTROY THEM ... THIS FIRST. ..DURING THE FIRST 42 MONTHS HE WILL SOLVE THEIR MANY PROBLEMS... AND IT IS QUITE POSSIBLE THAT UNDERSTANDING THIS SOME... A SMALL PART OF THE JEWS LATER... ALREADY DURING HIS SECOND PERIOD... WILL WORSHIP THE ANTICHRIST... AND THEY WILL WISHLY ACCEPT THE SEAL * THE BEAST * ... AND THIS WILL BE A MICROCHIP UNDER THE SKIN ON THE WRIST ... THEIR PROTOTYPES ARE ALREADY READY ... AND HERE IS IMPORTANT ... LOOK ... EXACTLY *OBAMA * COME TO POWER IN AMERICA AND ALLOCATED 14 BILLION. DOLLARS FOR THEIR DEVELOPMENT EIGHT YEARS AGO ... AND THE COMPUTER SIGN BAR - CODE on *PERSON* ... ON FOREHEAD. THIS DEVICE IS ALREADY CREATED AND TESTED IN THE USA. THE HANDS OF ROCKEFELLER ARE BEHIND ALL THIS... GEORGE SOROS AND THEIR TEAM... AND ABOUT THIS 5 YEARS AGO A SHOCKING INTERVIEW OF ONE FAMOUS HOLLYWOOD PERSON... *Aaron Russo*...ARON RUSSO... ROCKEFELLER'S GREAT FRIEND WAS PUBLISHED ABOUT THIS JUNIOR ...THE ONE DRINKED AND TOLD HIM ABOUT THEIR PLANS FOR COMPLETE CONTROL OVER HUMANITY......HOWEVER ARON RUSSO THOUGHT WELL LATER IN PRIVATE. ..AND DIDN'T APPROVE THEIR PLANS... WELL, AND SOON GIVED A PUBLIC..SCANDALY INTERVIEW ON THIS POINT IN 2012... A LOT WRITTEN ABOUT THIS IN AMERICA... BY THE WAY THERE IS A SHOW ON TV... IT'S CALLED *THREADS OF CONSPIRACY *... ALL THIS WAS DISCUSSED ON IT... AS WELL AS THE HISTORY OF THE CREATION OF *DOLLAR* WITH THE PYRAMID AND THE EYE... AND MUCH.. MANY OTHER... WHAT WAS... AND IS.

In recent years, an increasing number of people are beginning to warmly recall the Brezhnev era of stagnation. The presence of stability and social lifts in consciousness begins to outweigh the absence of dozens of varieties of sausage and the queue for shortages. Many note the practical absence of tension in relations between peoples. Therefore, in those days, no one was interested in Brezhnev's nationality.

Origin

Leonid Ilyich was born on January 1, 1907, although December 19, 1906 was considered his official birthday in the Soviet Union. Perhaps the adoption of the date of birth according to the old style was explained by the fact that they wanted to separate the celebration of the New Year and the anniversaries of the first leader. He was born in the village of Kamenskoye (in Soviet times, the city of Dneprodzerzhinsk). In 2016, the city where Brezhnev was born was given back its historical name.

Father Ilya Yakovlevich (1874-1930) and mother Natalya Denisovna Mazalova (1886-1975) lived in the village of Brezhnevo (now the Kursk region) before coming to Kamenskoye. Leonid Ilyich had a younger brother, Yakov Ilyich (1912–1993) and a sister, Vera Ilyinichna (1910–1997).

Nationality Brezhnev

The metric and other official documents of the early period, which were kept in the regional archive of the city of Dnepropetrovsk, were confiscated. In one of the rare available documents, a questionnaire of 1935, filled out by him with his own hand, in the column "nationality" Brezhnev wrote - Ukrainian. In later documents, he indicated Russian nationality.

Many myths are still being generated around her, based on the fact that Leonid Ilyich occupied the highest party posts in Moldova and then in Kazakhstan. Corresponding roots are attributed to him, because the post of the first secretary of the party of the Soviet republic was usually occupied by a representative of the local nationality. Stalin considered Brezhnev a Moldavian.

As usual, Jewish roots were "found" in him, as well as Polish, Gypsy and Romanian. Leonid Ilyich's mother spoke Polish well, which she explained by her close proximity to the Poles. Most researchers are of the opinion that Brezhnev's nationality is Russian with Ukrainian roots.

early years

In their hometown, the Brezhnev family lived in an ordinary two-story house number 40 on Pelin Avenue, which had four apartments. Later, the inhabitants of the city began to call it "Lenin's house". As a child, he was very fond of playing with pigeons, for which a dovecote was built in the yard. The last time Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev visited his homeland was in 1979. He visited the house where he spent his childhood, and the residents got the opportunity to take pictures with their former neighbor.

The official biography says that he is from a working-class family, but most likely his father was a technical worker at a metallurgical plant, since Ilya Yakovlevich managed to send his eldest son to study at a classical gymnasium in 1915. Leonid Ilyich graduated from it in 1921, by which time the gymnasium had become a labor school.

Having received a secondary education, the young Brezhnev went to work at the Kursk oil mill, where in 1923 he joined the Komsomol. From 1923 to 1927, he studied at the land surveying and reclamation technical school, marrying Victoria Denisova in the year of graduation. Then Leonid Ilyich worked as a land surveyor in Belarus and other regions of the country. In 1931 he became a member of the Communist Party. In 1935 he graduated from the Dneprodzerzhinsk Metallurgical Institute.

War years

Leonid Ilyich began the war in October 1941 with the rank of brigade commissar on the Southern, then Caucasian fronts. In 1943, he became the head of the political department of the 18th Army, which was part of the First Ukrainian Front, where Khrushchev N.S. led political work. They already met in 1931, and Nikita Sergeyevich became the mentor of the young Brezhnev.

In 1943, he participated in the battles for Novorossiysk, where about 40 times, at the risk of his life, he sailed with an amphibious assault to the Malaya Zemlya bridgehead. Once, by a blast wave, he was thrown into the sea from a seiner, from where Leonid Ilyich was pulled out by sailors. The obsessive propaganda in Soviet times of L. I. Brezhnev's book "Small Land" made many skeptical about this period of life. But, according to military sources, he really fought bravely. At the Victory Parade, he walked along with the commander A. I. Eremenko at the head of the column of the Fourth Ukrainian Front.

In the first year after the war, he served in the Carpathian military district, where he participated in the fight against Ukrainian nationalists. According to one version, it was at this time that Brezhnev began to write nationality as Russian.

Good and bad

In 1964, after the dismissal of Khrushchev N.S. as a result of a conspiracy in the top leadership of the country, L.I. Brezhnev became the first person in the state. In the first decades, there was a qualitative improvement in the life of the population, the majority of the population gained access to the main benefits of that time. Further, the implementation of the space program, the program of oil and gas production in Siberia, was successfully launched.

However, in the last decades of Brezhnev's rule, due to inefficient economic policy, the cult of personality, and the conservation of the development of social and spiritual life, an era of stagnation began.

V. Zhurakhov.

Brezhnev the surveyor (in the center with a badge).

In the 1970s, as a pioneer and member of the Komsomol, I sometimes heard the speeches of Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, from the blue TV screen. These were long and boring speeches. On this occasion, the people even composed a saying: "Eyebrows are black, thick, speeches are long, empty ...". Such a critical attitude towards Leonid Ilyich was dictated not by his heroic past, but by the not always adequate behavior of an elderly person. Seeing the old man broken by sores, we did not at all think about the fact that he had once been a determined young guy and a brave military officer. Leonid Ilyich's weakness for fame and honors caused ridicule and parody of the general secretary's physical shortcomings, which is the case at the present time. Absolutely no one takes into account the fact that Brezhnev is a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, and at least this fact should be a deterrent in assessing this historical figure. But no, and there are many who mock his front-line past, although these people themselves have never sniffed gunpowder. And in general, it is not known how they would behave if they were in battle.

Head of the political department of the 4th Ukrainian Front, Major General Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (center), commissar of the combined regiment of the 4th Ukrainian Front during the Victory Parade. Far left - the commander of the 101st Rifle Corps, Lieutenant General A.L. Bondarev, a native of the Novooskolsky district, Hero of the Soviet Union, commander of the combined regiment of the 4th Ukrainian Front at the Victory Parade.

We, the pioneers and Komsomol members of the 70s, became interested in Leonid Ilyich right now, when we, 50-year-olds, went through a difficult life path, having visited the Afghan and Chechen wars. All the "charms" of Gorbachev's perestroika and Yeltsin's democratization fell like a heavy burden on our shoulders. The firm civic position of many of us and the ability to protect the interests of society, as well as our interests, which are closely related, helped Russia gain statehood and build a truly strong and free country.

Interested in the life and work of Brezhnev, I decided to look into the years of his youth in order to understand what extraordinary qualities of character Leonid Ilyich possessed, which helped him rise to the highest post. Could a cowardly, obliging and mentally limited boy, who began his career in the Ilkovskaya economy, choose the right path of life in those troubled years of the country's formation?

Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev with his wife Victoria Petrovna Brezhneva (Denisova), a native of the city of Belgorod.

An analysis of historical documents suggests otherwise. Leonid Ilyich was an ideological person from an early age and knew how to quite competently defend his interests, which were an integral part of the interests of his service. In 1927, while working as a land surveyor in the village of Terebrino, Krasnoyarzhsky volost in the Graivoronsky district, he acquired a Browning pistol for his defense in the city of Kursk. Everyone knows that in those years the country was undergoing great transformations in agriculture, and since the land was the main breadwinner, there was a fierce struggle for every sazhen. There were cases when the peasants took up the pitchfork, and others even for sawn-off shotguns, and killed surveyors, seeing in them the main enemies of their well-being.

The weapons acquired by Brezhnev gave him the opportunity to protect himself and protect his activities. Such a bold approach to solving the problem that arose was initiated by him personally. This fact speaks not of thoughtless heroism bordering on bravado, but of a balanced and thoughtful decision, because Leonid Ilyich had previously coordinated all his actions with the Komsomol cell.

Studying the statement found in the archive, written by Leonid Ilyich himself, one can trace his courage to oppose the actions of the GPU officer Klimov. Guessing that he had been denounced, Brezhnev was not afraid to bring this issue to the attention of the Volkkom of the CPSU (b). Leonid Ilyich also understood how the challenge to such a powerful organization could end for him.

As you know, he came out of this situation with honor and continued his career. Such a seemingly insignificant touch of his biography speaks of the formation of his life position, which subsequently led him to the heights of power.

The deeper and more scrupulously you study the life of the General Secretary, the more you discover the secrets of that era, you understand that the person who ousted Khrushchev through a coup was not so simple and primitive. He was a real grandmaster of the political game, as well as an unsurpassed strategist of international relations, who managed in the conditions of the Cold War, when the world was on the verge of a nuclear catastrophe, not to unleash a third world war.

Especially for the site "Chronicle of Belogorye"

Member of the Union of Journalists of Russia,

combat veteran Vasily Zhurakhov