Who lives where is a mystery. Original text of Einstein's riddle

Albert Einstein is known not only for his research and discoveries, several hundred works on physics and books and articles in the field of journalism, history and philosophy, but also for others. interesting facts. Not everyone knows that even before becoming a scientist, he created an interesting problem. It is called Einstein's riddle, and this article is devoted to it.

Einstein's riddle

There are several opinions about the appearance of Einstein's riddle. According to one, Albert Einstein created it as a child. According to another, he created it later to test the ability of candidates for his assistants to think logically. Also, the authorship of the problem is sometimes attributed to the English writer and scientist Lewis Carroll. But there is no exact evidence of the authorship of either the first or the second. In addition, the condition of the problem, which we will consider below, mentions the brand of American cigarettes "Kool", which did not yet exist during the life of the alleged authors.

According to some researchers, Einstein said that only 2% of all people can operate in their minds with patterns that are associated with five various signs. For this reason, only those who belong to this 2% can solve the Einstein riddle without using paper. In addition, the solution in the mind is supposed to be the most difficult version of the problem. If you use paper and make notes, then the riddle is noticeably simplified and can be solved quite simply, and its solution will not say anything about the abilities of the subject.

So the task.

Original text of Einstein's riddle

Riddle text:

There are five houses on the street.
The Englishman lives in a red house.
The Spaniard is holding a dog.
The Ukrainian loves tea.
House Green colour located immediately to the right of the house white color.
Smoker of "Old Gold", breeds snails.
In the house yellow color lives smoking "Kool".
They drink milk in the center of the house.
The Norwegian lives in house number 1.
Chesterfield smoker's neighbor keeps a fox in the house.
In the house next to the one where the horse is kept, there lives a smoking "Kool".
Smoking "Lucky Strike" love Orange juice.
The Japanese smokes "Parliament".
The Norwegian lives in a house located next to the house of blue color.

Question: Who drinks water and who keeps a zebra?

For a more accurate understanding, it should be added that all the houses are painted in different colors, and all their inhabitants are representatives of different nationalities, they keep different animals, prefer different drinks, and also smoke different brands of cigarettes. And a note: when it says to your right, it means to your right. The initial condition, however, does not indicate that the houses are in a row, and there is no information that anyone can even drink water or keep a zebra. Those. the premises for solving the riddle can be called implicit (in comparison with other similar logical problems), which greatly complicates the solution.

Einstein's riddle solution

The steps below to solve the riddle are deductive in nature. And the meaning of the solution method is to try to enter the available data into the table, excluding options that are impossible one after another.

Step #1(points of the text of the riddle are indicated in brackets)

According to the condition, the Norwegian lives in house number 1 (10). Where the countdown starts is not important, because. we are not concerned with the direction of the numbering of houses, but only with their order. (10) and (15) say that house number 2 is blue. So what color is house number 1? It cannot be either green or white, because they should be close, based on the color of the house #2 and (6). Also, house number 1 is not red, because the Englishman lives in red. Accordingly, house number 1 is yellow.

It follows that in house #1 they smoke “Kool” cigarettes (8), and in house #2 there is a horse (12). Yellow House No. 1 Norwegian who smokes Kool does not drink tea (5), does not drink coffee (4), does not drink milk (9) and does not drink orange juice (13). It turns out that the Norwegian is the one who drinks water.

Step #2

What kind of cigarettes are smoked in the blue house #2, where there is a horse?

"Kool" is smoked in house number 1 (8). “Old Gold” is smoked by the one who has snails in the house (7). If, for example, we assume that Lucky Strike is smoked in house number 2, then it turns out that orange juice is also preferred there (13). So who can live in house number 2? Not Norwegian (10), not English (2), not Spaniard (3), not Ukrainian (5) and not Japanese (14). But such a situation cannot be, which means that this is not a Lucky Strike.

If we assume that this is "Parliament", then it turns out that a Japanese lives in house number 2 (14). But what does he drink? Not tea (5), not coffee (4), not milk (9) and not juice (13). There cannot be such an option either, which means that this is not a “Parliament”. The only conclusion remains: Chesterfield is smoked in house number 2.

Who lives in blue #2, smokes Chesterfield, and who owns a horse? He cannot be Norwegian (10), English (2), Spanish (3) or Japanese (14). Accordingly, this is a Ukrainian who drinks tea (5).

Step #3

Given that Chesterfields are smoked in house #2, it becomes clear from (11) that the fox is either in house #1 or house #3. But in what?

To begin with, let's say that the fox is in house number 3. Then what does a man who smokes Old Gold and breeds snails drink? Because water and tea are already excluded in the first two steps and it cannot be juice (13) and milk (9), then it remains coffee that the villager drinks green house(four). Therefore, if the fox is in house number 3, then a person who smokes “Old Gold”, breeds snails and lives in a green house coffee drinker. Who is he? This is not a Norwegian (10), not a Ukrainian (5), not an Englishman (2), not a Japanese (14) and not a Spaniard (3). This option cannot be, which means that the fox is in house number 1.

Step #4

Based on all the previous reflections, it turns out that orange juice and coffee are drunk in the remaining houses No. 5 and No. 4. It doesn't matter in what - what. Therefore, let's just call them "juice house" and "coffee house".

Where does the man who smokes Old Gold and breeds snails live? Not in the juice house, because the one who smokes "Lucky Strike" lives there (13). Let's say he lives in a house with coffee. It turns out that a person who smokes "Old Gold", breeds snails and drinks coffee, lives in a green house (4). And this, again, cannot be (we are guided by the reasoning from step number 3). It turns out that the person who smokes "Old Gold" and breeds snails lives in house number 3.

From all this it follows that the person who smokes "Parliament" lives in a green house where people like coffee. And this is a Japanese (14). Further, it turns out that the Spaniard is a person who smokes "Lucky Strike", drinks orange juice and keeps a dog. Thinking in the same way, we get that the Englishman should live in house number 3, which should be red. Excluding everything else, we conclude that the Spaniard lives in a white house.

Obviously, the zebra is in the house of the Japanese.

The answer to Einstein's riddle

But here one point should be taken into account: in the solution that we presented, it was assumed that the house number 1 is on the far left. If we imagine that house number 1 is on the far right, then the situation will change slightly, but the answer will be the same:

This is the riddle of Einstein and the principles of its solution. Looks, by and large, not very difficult. But keep in mind that we solved the problem in writing. To solve it in the mind, for sure, not everyone can. Try your luck and try to repeat the solution without using any means at hand. If you do not want to solve an already familiar problem, you can “break” your head over a slightly different formulation of it.

Another version of Einstein's riddle

There are five houses in a row on the same street. Each house has a different color. The residents of each house represent different nationalities, smoke different cigarettes, drink different drinks, and keep different pets. Plus to this:

A Norwegian lives in house number 1.
The Englishman lives in a red house.
The green house is to the left of the white house, next to it.
The Dane loves tea.
The Marlboro smoker lives next to the cat owner.
The tenant of the yellow house smokes Dunhill.
The German smokes Rothmans.
The tenant of the central house drinks milk.
Neighbor smoking "Marlboro", drinking water.
The smoking Pall Mall breeds birds.
The Swede keeps dogs.
The Norwegian lives in the house next to the blue house.
The one who keeps the horses lives in the blue house.
Smoking "Winfield", drinking beer.
They drink coffee in the green house.

Question: Which of the residents breeds fish?

Good luck with this task!

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Not everyone knows, but even before becoming a great scientist, Einstein came up with one unusual problem. He believed that 98% of the inhabitants of the Earth are not able to solve it in their minds. Are you one of the remaining 2% smartest?

website invites you to prove it and solve the famous problem of Einstein.

Condition

5 different people at 5 different houses different color love 5 different dishes, contain 5 different types animals drink 5 different types of drinks. Q: Who raises the fish?

Try to solve this problem in your mind or on a piece of paper by drawing a small sign. Scroll down when you're ready to test yourself and find out the answer.

Solution

From clues we know that Norwegian lives in the first house, next to the blue house. BUT a man who has a horse lives in a blue house. The one who lives in the center, drinking milk.

A Norwegian cannot live in a red or blue house, an Englishman lives there and one who has a horse. He also cannot live in white, since the green house is to the left of the white one, and the house of the Norwegian is the most left. Green is also not for him, as it stands on the right White House, and to the right of the Norwegian should be blue. So he lives in yellow and likes to eat pizza.

Green is to the left of white, so it has number 4. White - 5, and red - 3. An Englishman lives here. Coffee is drunk in the 4th house.

It is said that the German loves donuts, so he does not eat rice and does not drink beer. Also, he does not drink milk and tea, this is done by an Englishman and a Frenchman. So the German drinks water or coffee.

A Norwegian cannot drink beer (because he eats other food), coffee (does not live in a green house), tea (not a Frenchman). So, the Norwegian drinks water, and the German coffee, and lives in a green house. And since a Norwegian drinks water with us, then his neighbor loves apples (from tips).

Since the Swede has a dog, he cannot live in the second house (there is a horse), which means that the Swede lives in the fifth house (white). And in the second house lives a Frenchman who drinks tea.

If a cheese lover raises birds, then this is not a Swede, then an Englishman. Therefore, the Swede eats rice and drinks beer.

And now we have left last clue: the one who eats apples lives next to the one who has a cat. A Frenchman eats apples (second house). To his right is an Englishman who has birds, which means that the second neighbor is a Frenchman (on the left), and a Norwegian has a cat.

And finally, the German raises the fish.

Einstein's riddle- famous , which was compiled Albert Einstein. By the way, perhaps this is not so, but it is not so important for us who made this riddle, only the riddle itself and checking our logical abilities. All the same, if you stick to the sources that claim that Einstein compiled it, then according to them, the riddle was invented by him as a child. Many claim that he composed this puzzle to select candidates for positions that require good logical thinking.

Many of us have heard the phrase Einstein's riddle: “Only 2% of people can solve it”. This is not entirely true, or rather, this expression needs to be supplemented. Maybe in fact only a fiftieth of the population will be able to solve it, but without the use of paper and pen (or things that can replace them). In fact, for a clean solution to this problem, we should have only our memory and logic. If you use any additional ways memorization (pen, paper), then the riddle loses the lion's share of complexity - but for some reason I don’t want to break my brain, so when I first read this riddle, I immediately grabbed the sheet)

single version Einstein's riddles not now, there are many variations of it. I will give as an example the most famous version Einstein's mysteries.

Conditions of the Einstein's Riddle.

On the street - five houses.
Each house has your color.
In every house - 1 person lives.
Every person - own nationality.
Everyone prefers to smoke a unique brand of cigarettes, drink your drink and keep animals.

Well, we are done with the introduction - now let's move on to the tips (well, just go nuts what simple tips)

Norwegian lives in first home.
Englishman lives in red home.
Green the house is to the left of white, next to him.
Dane drinks tea.
The one who smokes Marlboro, lives next to the one who grows cats.
The one who lives in yellow at home, smoking Dunhill.
German smokes Rothmans.
The one who lives in the center, drinks milk.
Neighbor someone who smokes Marlboro, drinks water.
The one who smokes pall mall, grows birds.
Swede grows dogs.
Norwegian lives beside With blue home.
The one who grows horses, lives in blue home.
The one who smokes winfield, drinks beer.
AT green drinking at home coffee.

The question is to Einstein's riddle sounds in the following way: Who breeds fish? Ha! you think, but no; not so simple. As long as we define who breeds fish we almost learn the biography of each participant in the puzzle, and most last action we can still determine who it is fish lover. (no, they would have asked: in what house does the Norwegian live? (:)

Well? gathered their will into a fist, grabbed a pen with a piece of paper (or can you try in your mind?) and forward: for the answer to Einstein's riddle.

School of Yuri Okunev

Hello friends. With you Yuri Okunev. With the Soviet pioneers sorted out. Let's raise the bar today. Let's solve the riddle of Einstein.

Einstein's riddle - famous logical task attributed to Albert Einstein.

It is believed that this puzzle was created by Albert Einstein during his childhood years. There is also an opinion that it was used by Einstein to test candidates for assistants on the ability to think logically.

Some attribute to Einstein a reasoning in which he claims that only two percent of the world's population are able to operate in their minds with patterns associated with five signs at once. As a particular consequence of this, the above puzzle can only be solved without the use of paper by those who belong to this two percent. However, there is no documented evidence that Einstein ever made such a claim.

In its most difficult version, the problem involves a solution in the mind, without the use of any records or means of storing information. Without this, the puzzle noticeably loses in complexity, since it can be solved by simply drawing up a table with the exception of obviously contradictory options - and therefore says little about the abilities of the subject.

5 different people in 5 different colored houses, smoke 5 different brands of cigarettes, raise 5 different types of animals, drink 5 different types of drinks.

Q: Who raises the fish?

Hints:

The Norwegian lives in the first house.
The Englishman lives in the red house.
The green house is to the left of the white one.
The Dane drinks tea.
The one who smokes Rothmans lives next to the one who
raises cats.
The one who lives in the yellow house smokes Dunhill.
The German smokes Marlboro.
The one who lives in the center drinks milk.
A neighbor who smokes Rothmans drinks water.
Whoever smokes Pall Mall raises birds.
The Swede breeds dogs.
The Norwegian lives next to the blue house.
The one who raises the horses lives in the blue house.
Anyone who smokes Philip Morris drinks beer.
They drink coffee in the green house.

Try to guess who raises the fish?