Who is the Morozov Children's Hospital named after? History of the development of the Morozov Children's Clinical Hospital

But how much do we know about the people after whom these clinics are named? Do we often think about what we owe to them? In order to better acquaint Moscow residents with these great people, an exhibition telling about famous doctors and scientists is running on Chistoprudny Boulevard until December 10.

“This is probably one of the most important and grandiose Moscow exhibitions,” says Alexey Svet, chief City Clinical Hospital doctor No. 1 named after N.I. Pirogov.“We have heroes whom the whole country knows—cosmonauts, artists. But for some reason, famous doctors were on the sidelines, but the glory of Moscow medicine is quite old. All the people whose names the capital’s hospitals are named today were truly brilliant doctors.”

Doctor-legend

Another doctor whom not only our city, but the whole country can be proud of is Sergei Petrovich Botkin, who also lived in the last century. He was called a legendary doctor - he was such a brilliant therapist and diagnostician.

Botkin is considered the founder of scientific clinical medicine. This doctor was the first to prove that the body is a single whole, controlled nervous system and being inextricably linked with its environment. Sergei Botkin created the first experimental laboratory in Russia, where they studied the effects of drugs on human body. Moreover, he created a free outpatient clinic at the clinic where the poor could be treated. Dr. Botkin became a trustee infectious diseases hospitals in Russia, introduced the first ambulance - the prototype of a modern ambulance. And the famous “Botkin’s disease” - hepatitis A - bears this name because Sergei Petrovich established infectious nature diseases.

In 1920, his name was given to the Soldatenkovskaya Hospital. Today it is a multidisciplinary hospital where care is provided in surgical, gynecological, therapeutic, cardiac surgery, traumatology and other areas. The Botkin Hospital operates a regional vascular center, joint replacement center, hematology center. Almost all departments of the clinic are clinical bases of leading educational and research institutions in Russia.

A brilliant diagnostician, a brilliant therapist, “donated” his name to the Botkin Hospital. Photo: AiF/ Eduard Kudryavitsky

Master of good deeds

Among the people after whom famous clinics are named, there are both famous doctors and those who have nothing to do with this science at all. However, in their time they became famous for their good and good deeds. One of these Muscovites was Vikula Eliseevich Morozov, whose name is given to the children's city clinical hospital.

Morozov owned a huge fortune, which he earned as an entrepreneur-manufacturer. At the same time, a significant part of his family’s money went to good deeds. Vikula Eliseevich bequeathed to his children to spend 600 thousand rubles - a huge amount for those times! — for charitable purposes, including the establishment of medical institutions. His sons carried out his will, and in 1900, after the death of the entrepreneur, the construction of a children's hospital named after Vikula Morozov began. It must be said that other large Moscow entrepreneurs also donated money for the development of this clinic.

Today Morozov Hospital— a multidisciplinary clinical and diagnostic complex that provides high-tech medical care children. The hospital is being renovated: a modern building with unique transplant departments has been built on the site of old buildings bone marrow and pediatric cardiac surgery. Thanks to Vikula Morozov and his sons, schools, theaters, hospitals, orphanages, and libraries appeared in our city. More than 70 buildings were built in the capital with their funds.

Vikula Morozov created the financial “foundation” of the Morozov Children’s Hospital. Photo: AiF/ Eduard Kudryavitsky

Sklifosovsky Castle

How many human lives have been saved? Nikolai Vasilievich Sklifosovsky, impossible to count. Nikolai Pirogov himself spoke with admiration of him as an excellent field surgeon.

It was Sklifosovsky who introduced the principles of asepsis and antisepsis (in other words, disinfection of wounds), and this sharply reduced the mortality rate among surgical patients. He was the first to introduce rules for disinfecting instruments and operating table, marked the beginning of abdominal surgery. During the Russian-Turkish War, more than 10 thousand wounded passed through his hands, sometimes the doctor operated for days on end.

Among Sklifosovsky’s achievements is the creation of a device for maintaining anesthesia throughout the entire operation, a method local anesthesia. It was he who came up with original way connections of crushed bones, which are called “Russian castle”, or “Sklifovsky castle”.

Under the name of Nikolai Sklifosovsky, a scientist and surgeon, the largest research institute for emergency care operates today. Photo: AiF/ Eduard Kudryavitsky

The golden hands of a surgeon

Sergei Sergeevich Yudin was a brilliant surgeon who made a serious contribution to the development of military field surgery and traumatology. Even during the First World War, he headed a medical detachment and operated on soldiers right on the front line, in trenches and dugouts. Later he worked as the chief surgeon of the Sklifosovsky Research Institute, operating daily, and sometimes at night. It was difficult to find a better surgeon in the world than Yudin. He was an unsurpassed master of gastric surgery; during his life he performed more than 17 thousand operations on the stomach.

Today, the city clinical hospital, a huge modern hospital, is named after him.

Sergei Yudin was proud and the best surgeon capital, he sometimes operated for days on end. Photo: AiF/ Eduard Kudryavitsky

Doctor No. 1

In the name Nicholas Ivanovich Pirogov, the most famous surgeon in the whole world, the city clinical hospital No. 1 was named. Pirogov’s personality is unique. A participant in four wars, Nikolai Pirogov laid the foundations of military field surgery, developing a number of medical appointments, which made it possible to avoid amputation of the limbs of soldiers.

For the first time in the history of world medicine, Pirogov began to use plaster casts, implemented general anesthesia and performed the first operation under anesthesia in field conditions. In our country, Dr. Pirogov was the first to propose the idea plastic surgery and for the first time in the world came up with the idea of bone grafting.

By the way, it was on Pirogov’s initiative that sisters of mercy appeared in the Russian army. And it is quite natural that one of the oldest and largest hospital in the capital today, No. 1, a multidisciplinary hospital, where more than 40 thousand inpatients are treated and more than 400 thousand receive outpatient care, is named after this man.

Hospital No. 1 is named after Nikolai Pirogov, the famous Russian surgeon and scientist. Photo: AiF/ Eduard Kudryavitsky

The most ambulance

Among the great Russian doctors there are names that are little known to the general public. Few people know why the capital's ambulance station emergency care, the largest in Europe, including 58 substations and 87 posts throughout the city, bears the name Alexander Sergeevich Puchkov.

It’s all very simple: it was this doctor who founded the service in Moscow emergency assistance. In 1921, when the riots were raging in Moscow terrible epidemic typhus, Puchkov led the evacuation of the sick. But the patients were put into ordinary cars, which became the first ambulances transporting people to hospitals and infectious disease barracks. In this way, 70 thousand patients were transported, and this fact played a huge role in the fight against the spread of typhus.

Puchkov created the basic principles for organizing rapid medical care for the population, and he himself took part in the development of a new type of ambulance. Later, the experience of organizing a Moscow service with the famous telephone “03” was introduced in all cities of Russia. Today, the capital's emergency ambulance station named after Puchkov carries out up to 12 thousand calls daily, and the arrival time in Moscow is 10-12 minutes.

Alexander Puchkov in the 1920s. organized the transportation of patients in Moscow, laying the foundation for the capital's ambulance service. Photo: AiF/ Eduard Kudryavitsky

Errors - to a minimum

Multidisciplinary clinic named after Ippolit Davydovsky, located in an old mansion in the center of Moscow, provides assistance to people with acute heart attack myocardium and coronary disease hearts. But how much do we know about Ippolit Vasilyevich himself? He was the most famous pathologist and pathologist of his time. He thought pathological anatomy primarily by the method of scientific monitoring of the doctor’s work and improving diagnostics. During the war, Davydovsky dealt with the problems of sepsis and wound processes. On his initiative, it became mandatory in all hospitals of the USSR to compare clinical and post-mortem pathological-anatomical diagnoses - this makes it possible to minimize medical errors. Ippolit Davydovsky understood the significance of the demographic problem in the country and was the first to study the biology of aging, organizing a laboratory for the pathology of old age. By the way, the doctor himself, fortunately, lived to an old age.

Ippolit Davydovsky, whose name this clinic bears, worked, among other things, on the problems of aging. Photo: AiF/ Eduard Kudryavitsky

Health of the soul

The name Gilyarovsky is familiar to any Muscovite, but in this case we are not talking about an expert on old Moscow, but about a great psychiatrist and scientist Vasily Alekseevich Gilyarovsky, who became the founder of child psychiatry.

During the First World War, he created a shelter in Moscow for nervously ill refugee children - confused, frightened, shocked. Gilyarovsky paid attention not only to severe diseases, but also to their prevention, as well as tracking the so-called borderline states. He was one of the first in our country to introduce methods of treating the mentally ill - electrosleep, insulin shock, collective psychotherapy and occupational therapy. He is the author of 250 scientific works, and his "Manual of Psychiatry" long years used as a textbook for students. Today, psychiatric clinical hospital No. 3 is named after him.

Vasily Gilyarovsky is the founder of child psychiatry. Photo: AiF/ Eduard Kudryavitsky

We haven't mentioned yet Alexandra Eramishantsev, who was the first to successfully perform a liver transplant in our country; O Mikhail Zhadkevich, who for the first time removed a blood clot from pulmonary artery in the conditions of a regular medical unit; O Leonida Vorokhobov, a brilliant surgeon who headed the capital’s medicine for more than 20 years (under him, more than 80 new hospital buildings and 137 clinics were opened in Moscow); O Valentina Buyanov, whose textbook on surgery is still a reference book for mid-level medical specialists; O Valentina Voino-Yasenetsky, surgeon, scientist and theologian, who took monastic orders.

But you can find out for yourself everything about the great Russian doctors - you just have to come to Chisto-Prudny Boulevard, see the exhibition and bow deeply to these truly great people.

Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital began its history back in 1900. The money for the construction of the buildings of the children's infectious diseases hospital was donated by the merchant of the first guild, manufacturing adviser Vikula Eliseevich Morozov.
Just two years after the start of construction, patients began to be admitted on an outpatient basis, and at the beginning of 1903, the first three buildings of the infectious diseases hospital were opened. Construction was carried out under the leadership of the head physician of the hospital Alekseev, as well as the architect Ivanov-Shits.
At first, patients were admitted on an outpatient basis on the first floor of the administrative building. Housings are open in next year accommodated 100 beds for the treatment of infectious patients in the clinic. In 1906, six buildings were ready for operation, for patients with various diseases, a building for the surgical department, as well as premises for the kitchen, warehouses, and chapel. One building was set aside so that hospital managers could live there.
In 1906, the construction of the fourth children's hospital named after V.I. Morozov. in Moscow was completed. In total, the hospital was designed for 340 beds.
The work on treating young patients was led by such doctors as: Egiz B.A. and Colley V.A. in the infectious diseases department, Dr. William was the senior physician in internal medicine, in surgical department worked Krasnobaev T.P. In the administrative building of the surgery, on the second floor lived young specialists who combined study and work. Medical staff from the “Quench My Sorrows” community lived there. Staff working in different departments of the hospital could not communicate with each other, thus protecting themselves from the spread infectious diseases inside the hospital.
The public was very concerned high level child mortality infancy, as well as the spread of nosocomial infections. A problem with infants resolved when a specialized building was built to treat children of this age. The merchant Karzinkin donated money for the construction. In the building, which is called S.A. Karzinkina, there was a hospital for 25 people, there was also a dairy kitchen and an outpatient clinic. The work was carried out under the guidance of Professor Langovoy N.I. Problem nosocomial infection was decided later. In 1930, one infectious diseases department was reconstructed into boxes. Then they built three compartments with boxes that could accommodate 120 people. This hospital was the first in the country to use Meltzer boxes. In 1960-1970, some buildings were expanded to two or three storey buildings. In 1972, construction of a seven-story building designed to accommodate more than 300 people was completed. In 1983, the construction of a building with boxes was completed, on the ground floor of which there were Meltzer boxes. In 1976, a pathology department appeared in a separate building. In 1997, the hematology building was reconstructed and a blood transfusion department was organized on its basis. In 1932 it was opened pediatric ENT department, and two years later the department of rheumatology was opened. In 1942, a department for the treatment of neurological diseases was opened. This neurological department was the second in Moscow at that time. Five years later, a department for the treatment of meningitis and tuberculosis was opened for the first time. In 1962, a department was opened for the first time to treat newborns with diseases of the nervous system. The following year, traumatology and endocrinology were opened. In 1965, the hematology department was opened, where patients with leukemia were treated. Neurosurgery was first discovered in 1970.
The first ophthalmology department, as well as an ophthalmological clinic, was opened at the Morozov Hospital. In 1962, children's cardiorheumatology was organized. Later, a clinic was opened for consultations on neurological diseases. In 1937, a school was organized at the hospital to train highly qualified paramedical personnel.
Nowadays, the Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital is one of the city's largest hospitals for children. The hospital has only twenty-four departments with 1020 beds, seventeen specialties and seven additional services, a clinic, an ophthalmological sanatorium, and a medical school.
Two hundred and sixty-four doctors work at the Morozov Hospital, about half of whom have highest category, and 4 doctors received the title Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation.

Construction of the hospital on Mytnaya Street began in 1900 with funds from the Moscow merchant of the first guild Vikula Eliseevich Morozov. In 1902, an outpatient clinic was built and administrative building, in 1903 - the first three infectious diseases buildings. The work was supervised by the architect I.A. Ivanov-Shits and the chief physician of the hospital N.N. Alekseev. The main principle of construction infectious diseases hospitals there was their division into several buildings - isolation of infectious patients was the only way preventing epidemics. Until the recent demolition of several buildings in the southern part of the territory (at the beginning of the century there was still a horse yard there), the hospital consisted of 26 medical and technical buildings. The oldest buildings (1902-1906) are recognized as architectural monuments and are protected by the state.

Panorama. 1913-1914: http://www.oldmos.ru/old/photo/view/15972

Main building. 1913-1914: http://www.oldmos.ru/old/photo/view/5856

There was a chapel here, probably destroyed in the 1930s. In 2003, a memorial cross was installed here and plans were made to build a church.

Chapel 1905-1917: http://www.oldmos.ru/old/photo/view/15974

In the 1930s, three more buildings were erected; in 1972, a seven-story building with 310 beds was built. Over more than a century of history, some buildings have been reconstructed and rebuilt to accommodate new departments. Thus, in Morozovka, for the first time in the capital, a specialized children's otolaryngology department, a rheumatology department, and a department for patients with tuberculous meningitis, children's traumatology and endocrinology departments and others.

Now the hospital is ready to accept over 1000 patients, 264 doctors work in the hospital, half of them have the highest qualifications. In addition to the hospital itself, Morozovka has four advisory clinics, a sanatorium and a medical school. Based on the results of 2013, Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital was recognized as the best children's clinic in the capital. Official website: http://mdgkb.pro/ It is curious that the management does not hide shortcomings in the work and on the website in the reviews section you can read not only thanks to the doctors, but also critical opinions.

At the beginning of the century, on the site of the new building there was a horse yard. 1901-1903: http://www.oldmos.ru/old/photo/view/21597

Chief physician Igor Efimovich Koltunov

In February 2014, at the Consultative and Diagnostic Center of the Morozov Hospital, artists presented a fresh look at the interiors of a medical institution, decorating the walls with mysterious drawings and installations.

In the vocabulary of capital residents there are words whose meaning is completely unambiguous. For example, “Filatovskaya”, “Morozovskaya”, “Sklifosovsky”, “Botkinskaya” - it is clear to everyone that we are talking about famous Moscow medical institutions.

But how much do we know about the people after whom these clinics are named? Do we often think about what we owe to them?

Doctor-legend

Another doctor who not only our city, but the whole country can be proud of is Sergei Petrovich Botkin, who also lived in the century before last. He was called a legendary doctor - he was such a brilliant therapist and diagnostician.

Botkin is considered the founder of scientific clinical medicine. This doctor was the first to prove that the body is a single whole, controlled by the nervous system and at the same time being inextricably linked with its environment. Sergei Botkin created the first experimental laboratory in Russia, where they studied the effects of drugs on the human body. Moreover, he created a free outpatient clinic at the clinic where the poor could be treated. Dr. Botkin became a trustee of infectious diseases hospitals in Russia, introduced the first ambulance - the prototype of a modern ambulance. And the famous “Botkin’s disease” - hepatitis A - bears this name because Sergei Petrovich established the infectious nature of the disease.

In 1920, his name was given to the Soldatenkovskaya Hospital. Today it is a multidisciplinary hospital where care is provided in surgical, gynecological, therapeutic, cardiac surgery, traumatology and other areas. The Botkin Hospital has a regional vascular center, a joint replacement center, and a hematology center. Almost all departments of the clinic are clinical bases of leading educational and research institutions in Russia.

A brilliant diagnostician and brilliant therapist “donated” his name to the Botkin Hospital

Master of good deeds

Among the people after whom famous clinics are named, there are both famous doctors and those who have nothing to do with this science at all. However, in their time they became famous for their good and good deeds. One of these Muscovites was Vikula Eliseevich Morozov, whose name is given to the children's city clinical hospital.

Morozov owned a huge fortune, which he earned as an entrepreneur-manufacturer. At the same time, a significant part of his family’s money went to good deeds. Vikula Eliseevich bequeathed to his children to spend 600 thousand rubles - a huge amount for those times! - for charitable purposes, including the establishment of medical institutions. His sons carried out his will, and in 1900, after the death of the entrepreneur, the construction of a children's hospital named after Vikula Morozov began. It must be said that other large Moscow entrepreneurs also donated money for the development of this clinic.

Today, the Morozov Hospital is a multidisciplinary clinical and diagnostic complex that provides high-tech medical care to children. The hospital is being updated: a modern building with unique bone marrow transplantation and pediatric cardiac surgery departments has been built on the site of old buildings. Thanks to Vikula Morozov and his sons, schools, theaters, hospitals, orphanages, and libraries appeared in our city. More than 70 buildings were built in the capital with their funds.

Vikula Morozov created the financial “foundation” of the Morozov Children’s Hospital.

Sklifosovsky Castle

It is impossible to count how many saved human lives Nikolai Vasilyevich Sklifosovsky has saved. Nikolai Pirogov himself spoke with admiration of him as an excellent field surgeon.

It was Sklifosovsky who introduced the principles of asepsis and antisepsis (in other words, disinfection of wounds), and this sharply reduced the mortality rate among surgical patients. He was the first to introduce rules for the disinfection of instruments and the operating table, and laid the foundation for abdominal surgery. During the Russian-Turkish War, more than 10 thousand wounded passed through his hands, sometimes the doctor operated for days on end.

Among Sklifosovsky's achievements is the creation of a device for maintaining anesthesia throughout the operation and a method of local anesthesia. It was he who came up with an original way to connect crushed bones, which is called the “Russian castle”, or “Sklifovsky castle”.

Under the name of Nikolai Sklifosovsky, a scientist and surgeon, today the largest research institute for emergency care operates

The golden hands of a surgeon

At the beginning of the twentieth century. native Muscovites argued that there were three attractions in the capital: the Tretyakov Gallery, Red Square and Doctor Yudin. Such a strange saying. What kind of person is this, whose name could be compared with the central square of the capital?
Sergei Sergeevich Yudin was a brilliant surgeon who made a serious contribution to the development of military field surgery and traumatology. Even during the First World War, he headed a medical detachment and operated on soldiers right on the front line, in trenches and dugouts. Later he worked as the chief surgeon of the Sklifosovsky Research Institute, operating daily, and sometimes at night. It was difficult to find a better surgeon in the world than Yudin. He was an unsurpassed master of gastric surgery; during his life he performed more than 17 thousand operations on the stomach.

Today, the city clinical hospital, a huge modern hospital, is named after him.

Sergei Yudin was the pride and best surgeon in the capital; he sometimes operated for days on end.

Doctor No. 1

City Clinical Hospital No. 1 is named after Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov, a world-famous surgeon. Pirogov’s personality is unique. A participant in four wars, Nikolai Pirogov laid the foundations of military field surgery, developing a number of medical techniques that made it possible to avoid amputation of soldiers’ limbs.

For the first time in the history of world medicine, Pirogov began to use plaster casts, introduced general anesthesia and performed the first operation under anesthesia in the field. In our country, Dr. Pirogov was the first to propose the idea of plastic surgery and was the first in the world to come up with the idea of bone grafting.

Hospital No. 1 is named after Nikolai Pirogov, the famous Russian surgeon and scientist.

The most ambulance

Among the great Russian doctors there are names that are little known to the general public. Few people know why the capital's ambulance station, the largest in Europe, which includes 58 substations and 87 posts throughout the city, bears the name of Alexander Sergeevich Puchkov.

It’s very simple: it was this doctor who founded the emergency service in Moscow. In 1921, when a terrible typhus epidemic was raging in Moscow, Puchkov led the evacuation of the sick. But the patients were put into ordinary cars, which became the first ambulances transporting people to hospitals and infectious disease barracks. In this way, 70 thousand patients were transported, and this fact played a huge role in the fight against the spread of typhus.

Alexander Puchkov in the 1920s. organized the transportation of patients in Moscow, laying the foundation for the capital's ambulance service

Errors - to a minimum

The multidisciplinary clinic named after Ippolit Davydovsky, located in an old mansion in the center of Moscow, provides care to people with acute myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease. But how much do we know about Ippolit Vasilyevich himself? He was the most famous pathologist and pathologist of his time. He considered pathological anatomy primarily a method of scientific control of the doctor’s work and improvement of diagnosis. During the war, Davydovsky dealt with the problems of sepsis and wound processes. On his initiative, it became mandatory in all hospitals in the USSR to compare clinical and post-mortem pathological diagnoses - this makes it possible to minimize medical errors. Ippolit Davydovsky understood the significance of the demographic problem in the country and was the first to study the biology of aging, organizing a laboratory for the pathology of old age. By the way, the doctor himself, fortunately, lived to an old age.

Ippolit Davydovsky, whose name this clinic bears, worked, among other things, on the problems of aging.

Health of the soul

The name Gilyarovsky is familiar to any Muscovite, but in this case we are not talking about an expert on old Moscow, but about the great psychiatrist and scientist Vasily Alekseevich Gilyarovsky, who became the founder of child psychiatry.
During the First World War, he created a shelter in Moscow for nervously ill refugee children - confused, frightened, shocked. Gilyarovsky paid attention not only to severe diseases, but also to their prevention, as well as monitoring the so-called borderline conditions. He was one of the first in our country to introduce methods of treating the mentally ill - electrosleep, insulin shock, collective psychotherapy and occupational therapy. He is the author of 250 scientific papers, and his Manual of Psychiatry was used as a textbook for students for many years. Today, psychiatric clinical hospital No. 3 is named after him.

Vasily Gilyarovsky is the founder of child psychiatry.

We have not yet mentioned Alexander Yeramishantsev, who was the first to successfully perform a liver transplant in our country; about Mikhail Zhadkevich, who for the first time removed a blood clot from the pulmonary artery in a regular medical unit; about Leonid Vorokhobov, a brilliant surgeon who headed the capital’s medicine for more than 20 years (under him, more than 80 new hospital buildings and 137 clinics were opened in Moscow); about Valentin Buyanov, whose textbook on surgery is still a reference book for mid-level medical specialists; about Valentin Voyno-Yasenetsky, surgeon, scientist and theologian, who took monastic orders.
But you can find out for yourself everything about the great Russian doctors - you just have to come to Chistoprudny Boulevard, see the exhibition and bow deeply to these truly great people.