Is it possible to grow crayfish at home? Business from scratch: crayfish farming

Such a business idea does not require large expenses and can bring stable income for six months - from May to October. Seasonal view This income is perhaps the only drawback of such a business. Before starting this business, it is necessary to determine the demand in the market - whether it exists in principle, and if it exists, then how great it is. Of course, you can breed crayfish only for your own consumption, but it is much more pleasant to not only enjoy the final product, but also receive stable income for a long time.

What is the demand in the market?

To start with crayfish farming as a business, it is advisable to call restaurants and supermarkets with an offer to sell crayfish through constant deliveries from your farm. Large supermarkets in the country have fish departments that sell not only fish, but also crayfish. However, many wholesale hypermarkets (where, by the way, restaurants and cafes buy their products) do not have such goods. Therefore, it’s up to you - by calling all major sales points, you will probably find clients. And this is a sure signal that the crayfish farming business plan for this method of trading will pay off in the future.

Another way to create a customer base is to simply sell the product through 2-3 acquaintances or friends. They, in turn, will tell their friends. In other words, word of mouth will start working. But in order to ensure a constant influx of customers, you must adhere to several basic conditions: high quality goods, prices lower than in supermarkets and other sellers, and, as an option, improved service - home delivery of crayfish. Thus, in one season you can form a permanent customer base.

Choosing the type of crayfish farm

Everything has been decided with the client base, the most important part of the business plan remains - the direct organization of a cancer farm at home. Artificial breeding of crayfish is divided into two types, depending on the form of farming: crayfish breeding in ponds and factory type of breeding. The first type is considered the most profitable, since the process is labor-intensive and large-scale capital investments are required for running a business on an industrial scale.

Lake and river crayfish are bred at home. Breeding crayfish as a business in our climate is considered impractical, since most of the year temperatures prevail that are low for reproduction. The exception is the southern regions of the country. Grow crayfish to presentation very difficult - they quickly hibernate when low temperatures water below 17 degrees and their development stops indefinitely. Therefore, the most optimal and best technology for breeding crayfish for our latitudes involves the creation of artificial closed reservoirs. Therefore, we need to breed lake crayfish, because we need the utmost short term receive the finished product.

Technology for constructing breeding ponds

The ideal option is a reservoir (or preferably several reservoirs) within your land plot. Breeding crayfish at home is beneficial due to the close location of reservoirs, you can always control the entire breeding process. In addition, this will significantly secure your business - there will be no danger that someone will want to collect your entire source of income.

So, several reservoirs have been dug on your site. Their depth can be 1-3 meters (in some cases it can be 6 meters), the area of ​​one artificial pond is from 30 to 60 square meters. The bottom should be rocky and covered with sand, and the banks should be clay (so that crayfish can dig holes in them). Running water, as noted above, is not necessary for breeding crayfish. The main thing is to have a water source nearby so that you can fill the reservoirs with water and change it periodically.

Drainage pipes are also needed, which will perform the function of draining and pipes through which water will flow into the ponds. The drain should be covered with a wooden net. Metal mesh is harmful to crayfish, and they can easily bite through an ordinary fishing net. When all the drains are ready, you can start filling the reservoir with water and adding crayfish there. It is necessary to update the water once every 2-3 weeks, replacing no more than 30% of the water, so as not to disturb the established microclimate.

Home breeding of crayfish is also possible in aquariums, and this is one of the most profitable methods. Firstly, it is a much more convenient catch, secondly, it constantly maintains the optimal temperature, and thirdly, there is no need to constantly replace the water, it is enough to install cleaning filters. In addition, crayfish molt in an aquarium more often - up to 3 times a year, while in reservoirs they molt once. Molting is direct evidence of the growth of crayfish (the shell becomes tighter), which means the product will be ready for sale faster.

The only drawback of aquariums is the limited space available. Unable to install more aquariums, than the room allows. In addition, costs for electricity and space heating increase. But at the same time the volume of production also increases. But if you already have customers who are willing to constantly buy crayfish, you don’t have to worry about profitability. The cost of the crayfish will be worth the money spent.

You have a customer base, you know what kind of crayfish to breed, where to grow them and in what conditions. The only thing left to do is decide where to buy crayfish for breeding and how to properly keep them? If you live near a river or any other body of water in which these invertebrates are found, you can catch them yourself using special fishing rods, nets (a cylindrical net) or nets. Trapping can take place from mid-summer to the end of November. In dark waters the best catch will be in evening time, in transparent ones - during dusk. It is also advisable to catch crayfish in rainy weather and a warm night.

If that's enough for you difficult process which takes a lot of time, there is another option. Selling crayfish for breeding is one of the ways to earn money for local residents who live near reservoirs and fish. Usually a kilogram of crayfish costs 100 rubles, so you can buy a large number of. It is best to buy young of the year - crayfish that appeared this year; it is from them that you can make a good profit in the future.

• Regularly monitor the renewal of water so that it does not stagnate;
• Maintain optimal temperature for good nutrition for adult crayfish - it is 17-21 degrees, for larvae - several degrees higher;
• Crayfish, like all other representatives of the animal world, can get sick. Industrial crayfish farming involves maintaining optimal conditions, and this is different in each country. But everywhere the requirements are the same: standard hydrochemical and temperature conditions;
• You can feed crayfish with larvae, insects, fish, crustaceans, and worms. But before directly catching them for sale, it is necessary to put them on a special “diet”: feed them only with nettles, potatoes and other vegetation. It is not recommended to give fresh fish, since crayfish will get into fights while eating, losing claws and legs, and, as a result, their presentation. These are the basic conditions for breeding crayfish.

Costs, quantity of initial goods and liquidity

Of great importance is the acquisition of females with live eggs on pleopods (legs under the tail) and their transportation to crayfish farms. In order to grow a ton of crayfish, it is necessary to purchase about 450-600 fertilized females, which are caught from natural environment a habitat. With an average female weight of about 160 grams, the result is about 80,000 grams of live weight, which is 80 kg. crayfish that need to be purchased for breeding.

Thus, we can calculate the profitability of crayfish breeding: 80 kilograms of crayfish at a purchase price of 100 rubles will cost 8,000 rubles. Let's add to this the single costs of organizing and creating artificial reservoirs - about 180,000 rubles. It turns out 188 thousand rubles of start-up capital for running such a business. Now you can calculate how much profit these funds will bring. At the same time, we take into account that you have drawn up a sales plan and the customer base is already ready.

Suppose that in one season, 500 female crayfish give rise to 13,000 live offspring (at optimal conditions). The market value of 1 kilogram of crayfish is about 200-250 rubles. Adult crayfish weigh up to 300 grams, which in total will be about 3.5-3.9 tons of ready-to-sell goods. In total, provided that the crayfish are fully marketed and sold at wholesale cost, 500-700 thousand rubles of income are obtained, of which 312-512 thousand rubles are net profit for the season. As you can see, this way of doing business, such as breeding crayfish at home, is a cost-effective way to make a profit.

These conclusions were given after conducting experiments on breeding and growing crayfish by one of the domestic scientists. It is quite possible that they will be useful to you in the future:

After 1,400 fertilized females had given birth, the young crayfish were removed from the cages from the females. Instead, 600 males were placed there, and despite the fact that fertilization took place on time - in early November, this did not produce any results. positive results. From this it was concluded that old females cannot be kept in the pool for more than 3-4 months.

It is also impossible to keep old females for the reason that during breeding it was noticed that they eat their own cubs. This means that after the females lay eggs, it is necessary to move them to another pool, and leave the eggs separately for a year - until the crayfish appear and acquire hard shells.

Cancers are very sensitive to change external conditions, therefore, immediately after being caught from their natural habitats and moved into a reservoir, they can crawl out of the water. Therefore, it is advisable to keep the crayfish in a basket for several weeks and feed them there. After this, you can safely release the crayfish into the reservoir - they will no longer climb to the surface.

It is advisable to carry out transportation in containers covered on the inside with smooth straw or moss. Before releasing them into the pond, first water the crayfish with warm water from a watering can.

If this type running a business is to your liking, then you can additionally watch a video about crayfish breeding and educational materials, where each stage is clearly described and explained. It is worth noting that the process of breeding and growing is quite interesting, and with due effort it can develop from an ordinary hobby into a source of permanent income.

• Where to start breeding crayfish?
• Technology for growing crayfish at home
• How much can you earn from raising crayfish?
• How much money do you need to start a business?
• How to choose equipment
• Which OKVED code must be indicated for crayfish farming?
• What documents are needed to open
• Which tax system to choose for crayfish farming
• Do I need permission to open?

Few residents and guests of Russia will refuse the original Russian dish - boiled crayfish. Today villager in the summer months they have a good additional income by catching crayfish in natural reservoirs. However, this way of earning money cannot be called humane. The population of animals in nature is declining, and entrepreneurs themselves may be charged with poaching. There is another way, which, unfortunately, has been undeservedly forgotten by modern businessmen. Even in the century before last, there were many farms in Russia where crayfish were grown. Then their production reached such a level that healthy meat was even exported. We’ll talk about how to breed crayfish in different ways at home in this article.

Where to start breeding crayfish?

For farmers who have the opportunity to lease a plot of land large area, a suitable option is to breed crayfish in artificial ponds. They are easy to create. A depth of 1-2 meters and a water surface area of ​​30-60 sq.m is sufficient. The average farm usually consists of 3-4 such reservoirs. One of the main conditions is a shore with big amount clay and rocky bottom. In such conditions, crustaceans can more easily set up their burrows and reproduce better.

The water in artificial reservoirs must be changed. For this purpose, a drainage system is installed during construction. At least once a month, 30% of the water is drained from the pond and new water is added. It cannot be completely changed, since the established favorable microclimate for crustaceans can be disrupted. During the season, each female produces 30 offspring, but the crayfish will reach marketable status only after six years. Growing in such conditions has several advantages:

• Minimum costs for arranging a reservoir;
• Food costs are reduced due to the formation of natural food in the pond;
• Labor costs throughout the entire growing period are practically absent.

Disadvantages of such a business:

1. Breeding crayfish in ponds is possible only in certain regions where winters are not severe and the pond does not freeze completely;
2. Waiting six years for the animals to grow increases the payback period for the initial costs;
3. Low population density per 1 sq.m. artificial reservoir.

Technology for growing crayfish at home

The next way is to set up a farm for breeding crayfish in aquariums at home. An artificially created microclimate, which will be maintained regardless of the time of year, contributes to the stable, continuous weight gain of animals. The cultivation of arthropods is carried out in an aquarium with a volume of 250 liters. Soil is poured at the bottom and driftwood is laid. This way, at home, the habitat will be close to natural. 350 animals can live on one square meter at the same time.

The most interesting, and one might even say mysterious, process of reproduction of crayfish in an aquarium. This phenomenon has not been fully studied even by scientists. The female’s readiness to reproduce is determined by a large number of factors: microelements in the environment, its acidity and others. For this process it is necessary to allocate a separate aquarium, at least 200 liters. Animals usually mate in the fall. To produce offspring, it is necessary that there be twice as many females as males. The female lays eggs on her paws and is in close contact with her offspring all the time. After the birth of the crustaceans, they are transplanted into a separate reservoir. Natural process molting leads to the death of some of the young, and the surviving animals continue to grow and gain the required weight.

Where to place such a number of aquariums at home? This is a logical question to which many enterprising businessmen have already found an answer. The basement in a house is often an area that becomes cluttered and does not bring any benefit. At the same time there excellent conditions for living animals such as crayfish. Growing crayfish in your own basement does not require large material costs. Additional heating or lighting is not needed if the temperature in winter does not drop below +7 degrees. The aquariums are installed on special shelves and the crayfish farm is ready for use.

On sale today it is difficult to find young crustaceans sold to farmers for breeding at home. Typically, entrepreneurs catch them in the nearest pond or buy them secondhand during the fishing season. Then begins the process of comprehending the mystery of animal reproduction, described above.

How much can you earn from raising crayfish?

Everyone who has practiced crayfish business claims that it is quite a troublesome business, but profitable. In a pond with an area of ​​25 sq.m. you can grow 30 kg of crayfish. One kilogram costs about 500 rubles. Minus the costs of feeding and care, the net profit is 26 thousand rubles. The disadvantage of the business is its duration, but if the entrepreneur has the patience to wait 6-8 years for the results of his work, then further income will increase every year. Experts advise starting to grow crayfish in parallel with another main activity.

How much money do you need to start a business?

To start your own crayfish farming business in household, then you can start with 100,000 rubles. However, this will most likely not be a business, but a kind of hobby, since with such investments it will most likely not be possible to get a big profit. For a full-fledged business you will need significantly heavy expenses. Everything will depend on the number of ponds located on the territory of the private farm and the number of individuals.

How to choose equipment

In cases of growing crayfish in artificial ponds, you will need to purchase pipes and drains, waterproofing and flow filters, an oxidizer and aerators, and measuring instruments. When offspring appear, the young animals will need to be separated from the adults. This will require concrete pools.

Which OKVED code must be indicated for crayfish farming?

Freshwater fish farming or code 03.22. It is this that will need to be reflected in various documents, including those submitted to the registration authority for registration of a new business entity.

What documents are needed to open

The package of documents will directly depend on the chosen organizational and legal form. If volume production is being established, then it is better to register as a limited liability company. To do this you will need to prepare:
Charter and a copy of the decision of the shareholders meeting to create a legal entity in the form of a limited liability company;
provide information to both the director of the company and the chief accountant;
pay the state fee and obtain a legal address;
open a bank account and register with government bodies.
For small production volumes, it is enough to open an individual entrepreneur. The list of documents here is somewhat smaller than for legal entities. You will need a photocopy of your passport and a receipt for payment of the state duty, an application established sample and a copy of the TIN.

Which tax system to choose for crayfish farming

The best option for paying taxes when running the above business is the imputed income tax. It should also be indicated in the application submitted for registration.

Do I need permission to open?

To legalize the sale of grown crayfish on your own farm, you will need to obtain permission from the sanitary and epidemiological station. No other permits or licenses are required.

Breeding crayfish as a business does not bring profit so quickly, but due to the small development of this niche, competition is not great.

An option with less investment is growing in aquariums; when keeping individuals in a pond you will have to spend more funds, but the benefits will be more noticeable.

This is a relatively new way of earning money, so there is not so much competition in the market.

The costs of setting up your own crayfish farm will not pay off so quickly.

But with proper planning, over time you can get a stable income from this type of investment.

Crayfish breeding business: where to start

Registration gives more guarantees to clients, and opens additional doors to the market for farmers.

There are two options here:

• if only cultivation is planned, the business is registered under OKVED code 01.21 (breeding of domestic animals);
• for retail trade follows 23 (retail sale of fish products).

In general, crayfish farming as a business at home can be called a fairly profitable business.

Depending on the scale, you can recoup the costs of setting up a farm within a year.

However, significant profits can be achieved after 4-6 years.

Breeding crayfish will not provide tangible income so quickly, but subsequently the benefits will only grow.

This niche has not yet been fully developed, so the competition here is not so high.

Crayfish farming business idea

Industrial cultivation of crayfish is not popular among domestic businessmen. Large enterprises working in the field of aquaculture try to avoid this direction, since the long payback period does not justify significant investments in setting up a crayfish farm. As a result, the high demand for products is partially satisfied by catching crustaceans in natural reservoirs, however, the size and quality of these individuals leave much to be desired.

In such a situation, one can consider breeding crayfish at home as a business that brings in a small but stable profit. In addition, a farm of this scale does not require intensive care: the daily tasks of the entrepreneur are limited to feeding the pets once and checking the quality of the water. Finally, modern equipment makes it possible to grow not only the familiar crayfish, but also larger, heat-loving species, the high market value of which serves as an additional incentive for beginners.

Business Features

The simplest way to organize a business is considered to be breeding crayfish in a pond: to set up a farm, an entrepreneur just needs to rent or purchase a plot of land with a natural reservoir. The pond basin is cleared of debris, populated with young animals, and after 5–6 years a self-reproducing population is obtained.

Of course, one cannot expect any significant income in this case: the simplified methodology completely excludes the possibility of controlling the parameters that are most important for the growth of the herd, which include chemical composition and water temperature, feeding ration and stocking density. Therefore, experienced farmers prefer intensive crayfish breeding technologies, which involve the construction of artificial reservoirs with a partially or fully controlled environment. The advantages of this method are obvious:

• An entrepreneur can receive his first profit in 12–18 months;
• Individuals grow much faster, and within a year they reach a weight of 100–150 g;
• When placing aquariums or pools in heated rooms, you can buy heat-loving crayfish species that are highly productive for breeding at home;
• Thanks to control over reproduction and incubation, the survival rate of young animals increases to 85–90%.

The business of growing crayfish is characterized by certain advantages and disadvantages: in order to draw a conclusion about the feasibility of implementing this idea, the entrepreneur must consider them in their entirety, taking into account, first of all, factors that can turn into an insurmountable obstacle for him. When listing the positive aspects, it is necessary to mention that:

• There are several methods for breeding crayfish at home for sale, and some of them are quite loyal to the amount of investment;
• In the process of work, the entrepreneur’s expenses are limited to paying for utilities and purchasing feed at the rate of 0.5 kg per individual per year;
• Caring for crayfish requires virtually no time or physical effort;
• An entrepreneur need not be afraid of competition, since in Russia few farmers are involved in the implementation of the business idea of ​​crayfish breeding;
• Demand for products remains high regardless of the season.

The main disadvantage of this type of activity is considered to be the slow growth of crayfish: representatives of common river species reach marketable sizes within several years. Besides:

• Setting up a crayfish breeding farm using intensive technologies requires significant investments;
• In open reservoirs, at water temperatures below 17°C, crustaceans stop growing and hibernate, so the business is seasonal;
• Regardless of the method of cultivation and the type of crayfish, a return on investment should not be expected earlier than in 3-4 years.

Species for breeding

An entrepreneur who wants to buy live crayfish for breeding must take into account factors such as the growth rate and marketable size of individuals, consumer demand and climatic features of the region - the domestic buyer perceives some quite edible crustaceans exclusively as a decoration for the aquarium, and keeping heat-loving species in the conditions of the Middle Zone only possible in closed heated tanks. In general, the following are suitable for growing using intensive methods:

• Broad-clawed crayfish. It is distinguished by a fleshy body up to 20 cm long and large claws. It prefers reservoirs with a rocky bottom, heated to a temperature of 16–22°C, and therefore feels good in artificial pools. Currently, this species is endangered: you can buy crayfish for breeding only in nurseries in the Leningrad region, the Baltic states or Belarus;
• Narrow-fingered crayfish. The most common species in Russia, characterized by high fertility: every year the female lays at least 300 eggs. The body length of a male at the age of five reaches 16–18 cm and weighs 120–150 g. Crayfish prefer sandy and clayey soils suitable for building burrows, which helps them adapt to the conditions of open artificial ponds;
• Blue Cuban crayfish. It has a calm, peaceful character, as a result of which it rarely attacks relatives and fish. At quality nutrition this species grows to 8–12 cm in less than a year. It prefers moderately warm waters with a temperature of 23–25°C, so it takes root well in aquariums and pools, where each pair requires about 20 liters of water. To buy blue crayfish for breeding, you need to go to a large pet store;
• Marble cancer. It lives in well-heated reservoirs with a temperature of 20–28°C, where it grows up to 15 cm in two to three years. This species has no sexual division - each crayfish can simultaneously lay and fertilize up to 300 eggs. It calmly tolerates a planting density of up to 20 individuals per 100 liters of water, as it has a peaceful character. You can buy crayfish fry and adults for breeding in online stores or from private breeders;
• Australian red claw crayfish. A heat-loving species that prefers water bodies with a temperature of 21–28°C. It is distinguished by its fleshiness up to 30% of body weight, fertility and growth rate - within a year, young animals reach a weight of 120–150 g with a body length of 12–15 cm. Thanks calm character feels good at a planting density of up to 25 pcs./m². You can buy Australian crayfish for breeding in nurseries in Astrakhan and the Krasnodar Territory.

Breeding methods

Popular methods for keeping crustaceans can be divided into two groups: the first involves the creation of identical natural conditions for breeding crayfish, while the second focuses exclusively on achieving maximum productivity through the formation of an artificial environment with optimal parameters for the development of the population.

Open ponds

Breeding crayfish in a pond is characterized by high labor intensity. initial stage: on the site it is necessary to dig and equip several reservoirs with flat walls with water circulation systems. The area of ​​each can be 0.01–0.1 hectares with a depth of up to two meters. The bottom should be lined with clay, covered with sheets of polypropylene or plastic film, and then a layer of sand and stones should be poured on top, under which the crayfish can build their shelters.

In the future, the entrepreneur’s tasks are reduced to periodic monitoring of water quality, timely aeration and algae removal. It is also recommended to feed your pets regularly, since high density After planting, the volume of natural food supply may be insufficient. When listing other requirements for artificial ponds, it is necessary to mention that:

• In order to avoid the death of livestock, reservoirs should under no circumstances completely freeze, so in cold climates it is advisable to deepen them to 3.5–4 m;
• To prevent flowering and growth of microalgae, up to 30% of the total water volume must be replaced every two weeks;
• Drainage ditches should be dug along the perimeter of the ponds, and also strengthened coastline and create shade by planting grass and trees.

Advantages of the method:

• The cost of maintaining the reservoir is minimal;
• The water in the ponds is partially aerated and purified through natural processes;
• The development of a natural food supply allows you to save on the maintenance of crayfish.

Flaws:

• In open water, crayfish grow quite slowly;
• Acceptable planting density is no more than 5–6 pcs/m²;
• It is impossible to control the temperature and chemical composition of the water;
• To fill the ponds you need a constant source of water supply;
• It is necessary to think over ways to drain ponds - you cannot simply pour hundreds of tons of water into the garden or yard;
• It is difficult to remove young animals after breeding broodstock;
• In winter, crayfish do not gain weight.

Aquariums

You can start breeding crayfish in an aquarium not only in the village, but also in urban conditions - just choose a room in which the temperature does not drop below 19–21°C. Here, several wide aquariums with a capacity of about 250 liters each are installed, filled with soil and plants, and then equipped with microclimate and water quality control systems.

As a business, breeding crayfish for sale in an aquarium involves large-scale investments - the cost of a tank equipped with everything necessary is comparable to the cost of equipping a pond with an area of ​​90–100 m². That's why this method It is used primarily for keeping ornamental species, or for raising fry before planting in open ponds.

Advantages of the method:

• Availability automated system control;
• Ability to maintain any given temperature;
• Thanks to the heating of water, crayfish do not go to winter;
• The permissible planting density is up to 30 pcs/m².

Flaws:

• High cost of equipment per unit of production;
• Aquariums need to be cleaned regularly, water and plants changed.

RAS installations

Special equipment for breeding crayfish is more cost-effective and practical than ponds: for example, under natural conditions, individuals reach marketable weight in 3–4 years, while in closed water supply installations this period is halved. Moreover, the ability to regulate the parameters of the aquatic environment in a RAS makes it possible to breed Australian crayfish and other productive species that grow to the required size in just 12–18 months.

Commercially available installations are equipped with equipment that makes it possible to purify water from impurities and waste residues, subject it to disinfection, heat it and saturate it with oxygen. They are placed in any insulated rooms where the temperature does not fall below 10°C: in conditions home farm as such, the use of basements or sheds is allowed.

Advantages of the method:

• Water consumption is limited to the initial filling of the crayfish tanks and minor level adjustments after evaporation;
• The growth rate of pets does not depend on the season and outside temperature;
• The operation of the installation is fully automated;
• The vital activity of the herd is perfectly controlled - females can be removed for spawning, fry can be sorted and crayfish can be kept separately for sale;
• The planting density of adults is up to 25 pcs/m², fry - up to 250 pcs/m².

Flaws:

• High cost of equipment;
• The air humidity in the room increases significantly;
• The operation of the installation is accompanied by the consumption of electricity.

Farm in the basement

The advantages of intensive crayfish breeding technologies fully compensate for the costs associated with setting up a farm: the productivity of a RAS installation with a capacity of 2 m³ is equivalent to the productivity of an open pond with an area of ​​80 m². In a small insulated basement 5x10 m, you can place five such installations and by breeding Australian red-clawed crayfish, you can annually obtain at least 120–130 kg of products. In the process of preparing the premises, the following must be taken into account:

• The basement must be dry, free from fungus and mold, with concrete floors and walls. When pests are detected, it is necessary to use sulfur bombs and aerosol insecticides. It should be noted that crayfish can be introduced into pools only 12–14 days after treatment;
• For active life, crayfish practically do not need light. In the basement it is enough to install several lamps at the rate of 5 W/m² and organize the duration daylight hours within 10–11 hours;
• The room must be equipped with an exhaust ventilation system, since the evaporation of water from the pools increases the humidity level.

Farm equipment

A farmer planning to buy equipment for breeding crayfish should know that fish tanks with a capacity of 2–3 m³ s high walls are not suitable for these purposes: their filling is accompanied by excessive water consumption, and operation is inconvenient due to the great depth. Therefore, for growing crayfish, special RAS are used, which are a frame with six polypropylene pools installed on it in three tiers. In this case, five containers with dimensions of 2000x830x250 are used for keeping the herd, and the sixth contains:

• Circulation pump;
• Biological filter;
• Ultraviolet sterilizer lamp;
• Heating elements;
• Compressor for aeration.

An entrepreneur who has at his disposal five such three-tier RAS installations can organize the work of the farm as follows:

• One pool is designed to support a broodstock of 30 animals (20 females and 10 males) with a stocking density of 18–20 pcs./m²;
• Four tanks are used for seeding females for the incubation period and subsequent rearing of fry at a stocking density of 200–250 pcs./m²;
• Four installations with five tanks each are used to maintain a commercial herd of 830 animals with a stocking density of 25 pcs./m².

Farm arrangement

Name	price, rub.	Qty	Amount, rub.
Three-tier RAS	116000	5	580000
Oximeter	12800	1	12800
Universal measuring device	1400	1	1400
Shelters for fry	2,9	900	2610
Shelters for young animals	7,7	900	6930
Shelters for broodstock	12,5	50	625
Feeders	150	50	7500
Lamp	1200	5	6000
Exhaust fan	3200	1	3200
electronic scales	2000	1	2000
Total:			623065

Considering the functional purpose of the equipment, it should be mentioned that:

• An oximeter is used to measure the degree of oxygen saturation of water;
• The universal measuring device is a conductometer, salinity meter and thermometer combined in one housing;
• Shelters for adult crayfish and fry can be made from propylene pipes, cut into pieces 15–20 cm long;
• Electronic scales are used to weigh feed and control the weight of livestock.

Breeding conditions and technology

Studying the species characteristics of crustaceans, one can notice that breeding Australian crayfish at home seems to be more profitable: firstly, they grow much faster than the well-known narrow-toed crayfish, and secondly, their cost on the market is three times higher than the price of crayfish. The step-by-step technology for growing the red claw species is as follows:

• Purchased fry or adults are planted in RAS tanks;
• Crayfish are raised to reproductive age;
• Females with eggs are placed in free pools;
• After a month, the fry are left in incubators, and the females are returned to the herd;
• After two months, the grown young animals are distributed among the tanks.

After a year, the crayfish reach a weight of 130–150 g. Some of them are selected for the tribe, and the rest are sold wholesale or retail.

To create conditions comfortable for crayfish, it is necessary to adhere to the recommended values ​​of the most important parameters of the aquatic environment at all stages:

Chemical composition of water

Purchasing young stock

When choosing where to buy crayfish for breeding, novice entrepreneurs often go to the supermarket or the nearest market, or collect fishing gear and try to catch specimens for the breeding stock in the nearest body of water. Meanwhile, these methods can hardly be considered effective:

• Crayfish caught in the wild grow very slowly;
• The natural environment is not sterile, as a result of which there is a danger of catching infected individuals;
• When delivering to retail outlets, carriers are not bothered by creating ideal conditions for crayfish, which leads to drying out of the gills and oxygen starvation;
• Stores most often receive rejected specimens that are not suitable for breeding.

Therefore, when searching for suitable suppliers, it is better to contact private breeders and specialized nurseries: here it is advisable not only to make sure that crayfish do not have diseases, but also to get advice regarding their breeding.

You can buy Australian crayfish and representatives of other heat-loving species for breeding at a price of 120 rubles per adult, while the cost of an ordinary narrow-clawed crayfish is 400–500 rubles per kilogram. In the process of forming a herd, you should adhere to a 2:1 proportion - in other words, the number of females should be twice the number of males.

Feeding

When using intensive technologies, there is usually no natural food supply in the pools, and therefore, in a business plan for crayfish breeding, it is necessary to provide for the costs associated with the purchase of feed. To formulate the diet of animals in an artificial environment, use:

• Crushed corn, wheat, barley;
• Minced fish and meat, bone meal;
• Boiled mashed potatoes or carrots;
• Steamed hay;
• Oak or beech leaves as a natural antiseptic;
• Larvae, insects, worms.

However, with a large population, it is more advisable to use ready-made mixed feed - as practice shows, crayfish willingly eat mixtures intended for salmon and carp fish. The daily feeding rate is 2% of body weight for commercial stock and 5–6% for spawning females: thus, the annual supply of food for raising crayfish is determined at the rate of 530–550 g for each individual.

Composition of feed for crayfish

Ingredient	For young animals	For adults
Wheat bran	–	25 g
Broken wheat	–	15 g
Sunflower meal	15 g	20 g
Soybean meal	15 g	20 g
Fish flour	35 g	5 g
Feed yeast	10 g	5 g
Bone flour	–	5 g
Powdered milk	20 g	5 g
Sunflower oil	5 g	2 g
Premix for fish	1 g	1 g

Reproduction and growth

In nature, crayfish mate in the fall, after which the female sticks the eggs under her tail and carries them during the winter. In heated reservoirs this pause is absent, so the breeding cycle lasts two months instead of six.

Depending on the species, the clutch volume is 100–500 eggs, most of which die. As a result, 40–60 larvae are born, which quickly gain weight, and within a month they acquire the ability to feed on their own. Under natural conditions, the survival rate of fry usually does not exceed 15–20%, while in RAS pools with plenty of food Up to 90% of the brood can be saved.

During growth and development, crustaceans molt periodically - up to six times in the first year of life, and then two to three times annually. Due to the fact that this process does not occur simultaneously in the entire population, different stages growth, both small and larger individuals find themselves in the pool at the same time. To avoid cannibalism, it is recommended to place the latter in other tanks.

The molting stage itself is very dangerous for cancer: being left without a shell, covering gills and teeth, it becomes completely defenseless against aggressive relatives. Therefore, molting individuals tend to make a hole for themselves or find another shelter: the farm owner must provide them with this opportunity by placing pipe scraps, clay shards and stones on the bottom of the aquarium.

Paperwork

Unlike other types of agricultural business, the activities of a crayfish farm within the framework of private household plots can only be carried out when selling products to friends, since the sale of crayfish on the market or to other entrepreneurs requires the issuance of appropriate certificates. Therefore, the work of the enterprise should be legalized in the form of an individual entrepreneur or peasant farm; To avoid paying insurance premiums and completing unnecessary reporting, it is better to submit documents to the Federal Tax Service after receiving the catch.

WITH legal point From a perspective, crayfish farming can be presented as one of the industries Agriculture in the field of aquaculture. This means that the owner of a cancer farm is allowed to choose the Unified Agricultural Tax as a tax system at a rate of 6% of the total profit.

In addition, in accordance with legislation and sanitary requirements, retail stores and catering establishments purchasing products from a farmer may require such accompanying documentation as:

• Sanitary passport of the vehicle used for transporting crayfish (can be obtained by contacting the veterinary station);
• Declaration of conformity (issued by Rosselkhoznadzor);
• Form No. 2 (can be obtained after providing samples of water and products to the veterinary service department);
• Certificate of conformity GOST 50380-2005 (issued by both Rosselkhoznadzor and private certification bodies).

Investments

Organizing the work of a large enterprise requires knowledge, which can be acquired as a result of practical activities and studying the experience of other entrepreneurs - for example, by watching the video “Raising crayfish at home”:

Video on the topic

To organize the work of the farm, the entrepreneur must first prepare the premises and install here required amount RAS installations. Then you should resolve the issue of food supply and buy crayfish for breeding: prices for adult representatives of productive species are in the range of 90–120 rubles per head.

The main expenses during the year will be associated with replenishing the stock of feed and paying for electricity: each installation consumes up to 700 Wh during initial heating of water and 250–300 Wh during operation.

Annual expenses

Expected earnings

Crayfish farming as a business - profitable or not? To determine the profitability of a crayfish farm, it is necessary to estimate the annual production volumes: for an enterprise using five RAS installations of the type described above, after an annual feeding, the product yield will be at least 830 individuals with a marketable weight within 150 g. Accordingly, total weight the herd will reach 124.5 kg.

Australian crayfish of the indicated sizes on the market is estimated at 1500–1600 rubles per kilogram when sold live weight: total income the farmer in this case will be 199,200 rubles. Taking into account the amount of current expenses, we can calculate the annual profitability and payback period of the enterprise:

Economic parameters of a crayfish farm

Conclusion

Obviously, it is hardly advisable to consider raising a small population of crayfish as a source of main income: as calculations show, to make a profit of over 1 million rubles per year, an entrepreneur must have a whole complex of RAS installations with a total area of ​​200 m² or a pond farm with an area of ​​up to 1600 m² .

The second task that a beginning farmer must solve is organizing sales: despite the high level of demand, only large stores have equipment for selling crayfish, and only a few catering establishments include dishes from them on the menu. On entry level this problem is solved by selling products to private clients they know and refer, but increasing production volumes requires a qualitatively different approach. The solution may be to work closely with fish shops or open your own point of sale, supplemented by a full-fledged virtual representation.
43 voted. Grade: 4,53 out of 5)

The article is a unique material based on the author’s method of intensive cultivation of crayfish in the conditions of central and northern Russia. This extensive business manual includes full list equipment, detailed plan organization of a crayfish farm, a list of permits, an intensive method of crayfish breeding, as well as information on investment and expected profit.

 

1. The first is creation of artificial reservoirs, with a total area of ​​920 m². One part of the reservoirs (320m²) will be completely covered, with non-freezing all year round water, the other part of the ponds (600 m²) will be open for growing crayfish in natural conditions.
2. The second is mastering the intensive method of growing crayfish, which includes: species selection and breeding, feed composition and feeding, monitoring of aquatic environment parameters and farm maintenance.
3. The third is creation of a distribution network, which includes all kinds of sales channels, proper catching and transportation of live crayfish.

As a result, taking as a basis the information presented below on growing crayfish, the farm owner receives up to 30 centners per year finished products, with an average cost of 500 rubles. for 1 kg.

What is the essence of the intensive method of growing crayfish and the relevance of the business idea?

According to the latest research on the market of crustaceans and mollusks in Russia from 2012, the main suppliers of this beloved delicacy are Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Altai and Krasnodar territories. Moreover, the share of imported crayfish from Altai and Kuban is very small, since crustaceans are harvested naturally, and the quality of the supplied batches is low.

And it would seem that the situation is completely favorable for growing crayfish industrially, where the total volume of production can be increased to the maximum and sold at the best prices. For example, as 2,000 farms do in the state of Louisiana (USA), receiving up to 50 thousand tons of crayfish per year and earning about 100 million dollars. Or partially in Ukraine, where the number of crayfish grown in artificial reservoirs is close to 10 tons.

However, the problem lies in biological features breeding crayfish, which in natural conditions grow for a very long time, gaining marketable weight by 4-5 years of life. That is, in central Russia and northern Russia they do not grow at all for 5-7 months and partially hibernate. Moreover, industrial equipment, which is used in Europe and the USA to obtain marketable crayfish in a short period of time, is ineffective in Russia, since huge amounts of money will have to be spent to heat the crayfish breeding hangars.

Therefore, to the question: "What to do?" we get a simple and effective solution: use a method based on growing crayfish in indoor ponds and reservoirs which gives the entrepreneur whole line advantages:

• Obtaining the first batch of commercial crayfish in just 1.5 years, where each individual individual can reach a weight of 300 grams, with a wholesale cost of 500 rubles. for 1 kg!
• The sales problem has been completely resolved, since this type of product is in constant and increased demand among bars, restaurants and similar establishments, including high demand in retail trade.
• Lack of competition and the ability to influence pricing on the local market through the supply of truly high-quality products.

Organizational and legal forms of management

Registration of an individual as is mandatory conditions to create a crawfish farm. For crayfish farming as a type of business, the status of owner of a private household plot will not be suitable here, since in the future you will have to issue a certificate of conformity for this product. And receiving this document within the framework of an individual entrepreneur greatly simplifies this task.

OKVED and tax form

According to the All-Russian Classifier of Economic Activities (OKVED), breeding crayfish in artificial ponds falls under economic activity with the following wording: “Reproduction of fish and aquatic biological resources by agricultural producers,” with code number: 02/05/01. Accordingly, an entrepreneur engaged in a similar type of business is automatically classified as an agricultural producer, and can choose (Unified Agricultural Tax) as a form of taxation.

List of documents for opening a crab farming farm

In order to open a crab-breeding farm on your plot of land, you do not need to obtain any licenses and go through a whole series of approvals from various authorities. For this purpose, it is enough to meet a few simple conditions, which we will consider in more detail.

Regulations regulating the work of a crayfish farm:

So, based on paragraph 1 of Article 40 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation, the owner of the land plot has the full right to build a pond, as well as use it for his own purposes, subject to compliance with urban planning, environmental and sanitary standards and rules.

And here the phrase “owner of the land plot” is of key importance. That is future owner farms must own this plot of land, and not use it on a leasehold basis. Otherwise, to build a reservoir, you will have to go through a long process of obtaining various permits from various authorities.

Based on paragraph 2 of Article 8 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation, a pond or other flooded body of water located on the territory of the owner’s land plot is his full property.

The main thing is that the pond or ponds are not connected to natural water bodies, which, in accordance with the same Water Code of the Russian Federation, belong to federal property.

In accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 10 of the Federal Law “On Fisheries and Conservation of Aquatic Biological Resources”, any aquatic biological resources living in such a pond are the property of its owner.

It is worth adding to this that, according to federal law“About the subsoil”, the depth of the pond should be no more than 5 m. Therefore, this point should be taken into account when constructing reservoirs.

List of documents for the sale of live crayfish

In the future, for the sale of live crayfish to both legal and individuals(shops, etc.), you will need 4 types of documents:

• Sanitary passport for vehicles used for transporting crayfish.
• Veterinary certificate form No. 2.
• Declaration of Conformity.
• Mandatory certification according to GOST R 50380-2005.

The first two documents, a sanitary passport and a veterinary certificate, are obtained at the local veterinary station. The procedure for obtaining documents and their validity periods must be clarified on site. As for the declaration of conformity and product certification, they are issued by accredited bodies, for example, the local branch of Rosselkhoznadzor or commercial organizations.

Organization of a crab farm

Land plot

From the above, it becomes clear that to build a crab farming farm, you need a plot of land that is owned. The plot for the farm itself must meet certain requirements:

• Land area - from 2000 m² (20 acres).
• Availability of convenient access for heavy equipment (excavator).
• Maximum flat surface.
• The plot of land should not fall into a flood zone.

Layout of ponds on the farm

To understand how to properly use a plot of land for a crab farming farm and according to what scheme to locate the ponds, it is necessary to consider this point using a separate example.

Let's say there is a plot of land 25 m wide and 100 m long, i.e. 25 acres. On one side of the plot, for example, on the left, covered ponds will be built in the amount of 10 pieces. measuring 4x8m, located in length from east to west, with a distance between them of 3m. On the other side of the site, already open ponds will be built, also in the amount of 10 pieces, located from east to west, measuring 6x10m, with a distance between them of 3m.

A natural question arises: “What is the purpose of indoor and outdoor ponds?”

These are the indoor ponds designed for growing crayfish using the intensive method. Due to special equipment and polycarbonate coating, the water in such reservoirs will not freeze even in the most severe frosts. Accordingly, crayfish will not go into suspended animation, will constantly feed, molt every 2 months and gain weight very quickly.

Two of the ten indoor ponds are intended for permanent housing of adult females and males. Two more ponds will serve as incubators of sorts, while the remaining indoor ponds will be used to raise fingerlings.

But 10 larger open ponds will be used for growing crayfish in natural conditions.

- What is it for?

• Firstly, covering all 20 ponds with polycarbonate is very expensive.
• Secondly, the presence of open reservoirs allows for more rational use of a plot of land.
• Thirdly, these open ponds will give the entrepreneur the opportunity to obtain a rich assortment of products. That is, crayfish of different sizes and weights, corresponding to the cost.

Well, in the future, as production develops, all ponds can be transferred to indoor mode and completely switch to intensive crayfish breeding methods.

Pond requirements

The pond must meet the following requirements:

• The shape of the pond is strictly rectangular.
• The side walls of the pond are smooth and at an angle of 90° to the bottom.
• The bottom of the pond is flat, with a given load-bearing capacity.
• The depth of the pond is at least 2 m.
• Pond lining is polypropylene sheets with a thickness of 8mm.

— Why is it better to use polypropylene sheets for lining a pond?

For example, if the lining of a pond pit is carried out classical ways, i.e. Using reinforced concrete or wood, the likelihood of water pollution increases sharply. This is especially true for reinforced concrete structures, which tend to come into contact with water. chemical reaction. Wood is also not recommended for use as lining for pond walls. Firstly, it rots quickly, and secondly, the construction of walls made of wood and their subsequent replacement is too expensive.

After the frame of the pond is installed, a 20 cm thick layer of large stones or broken ceramic bricks is poured onto the bottom. Cover the top with a 10 cm thick layer of coarse sand and then fill the pond clean water. This bottom layering will serve as a kind of shelter for the crayfish and at the same time become the basis for aquatic vegetation.

Equipment for crab farming

Equipped ponds are the basis of a crayfish breeding business, through which the production stage of the plan is implemented. It is known that freshwater crustaceans are very demanding on living conditions, especially on water quality. In this connection, the presence of ponds alone is not enough for successful breeding of crayfish and they must be equipped with appropriate equipment.

Pond cover

An ordinary polycarbonate-based greenhouse serves as a thermal insulation structure that will maintain the water temperature in the ponds within the specified parameters. And here you can use two options:

• The first is to convert an ordinary greenhouse into one, where a huge solar collector can easily heat all the water in the pond. Such a greenhouse is perfect for breeding crayfish in the northern regions of Russia.
• The second is to take advantage of them, which, due to their large dimensions, capture and let through a lot sunlight and warmth.

Pond frame

As mentioned above, it is better to make the frame of the pond from polypropylene sheets. This material is absolutely neutral to the aquatic environment, and with the help of polyfusion welding, polypropylene sheets are easily and quickly connected to each other, forming a durable, waterproof structure.

Aerator

If you don’t install an aerator of a given power in the pond, also known as an air compressor, then within a couple of months the pond water will stagnate, turn green, and no one except mosquito larvae and other insect life will survive in it.

Oxidizer

An oxidizer is necessary to saturate pond water with oxygen. Special meaning This device is purchased in the winter season, when open ponds are covered with ice, and crayfish may lack oxygen. The oxidizer is installed on the bottom of the pond in late autumn and, using a cassette with dry hydrogen peroxide, gradually enriches the under-ice water with oxygen.

Flow filter

To maintain high vital activity of crayfish, you need to install a filtration system. Over time, the bottom of the reservoir, like the water, becomes contaminated with food residues and waste products of crustaceans and other organisms that are released into the water toxic substances. And if such a system is not installed in advance, production volumes will drop sharply.

Measuring instruments

Since the quality of water, as well as its temperature, plays a decisive role in breeding crayfish, to control its parameters it is necessary to use the following devices:

• Oximeter - measures the concentration of oxygen dissolved in water.
• Salinity meter - determines the level of salts in water and similar substances, and also gives an assessment of the overall hardness of the water.
• Conductometer - measures the electrical conductivity of water, on the basis of which the effectiveness of cleaning systems is checked.

Table 1. Full list equipment for a crab farming farm with an area of ​​1100 m².

Photo	Name of equipment	Purpose of the equipment	Cost in rub. for 1 piece or 1m².	Required quantity in pcs. or sq. m.	Total cost in rub.
		Construction of a pond frame
		Enrichment of water with oxygen
		Enrichment of subglacial water with oxygen
		Water purification
		Measuring oxygen in water
		Determination of water hardness
		Determining the level of water pollution
Total: 2 million 913 thousand rubles.

Note. This figure of 3 million rubles required for equipment should not be taken as a mandatory component of the initial investment. After all, the general infrastructure of the crayfish farming industry does not have a rigid relationship. Let’s say you can equip 2-3 indoor ponds and then, using the profit received, gradually develop the enterprise.

Breeding and feeding crayfish

— What type of crayfish is suitable for artificial breeding?

Long-fingered crayfish is best suited for breeding in artificial ponds.

This type of crustacean is ubiquitous in water bodies of central Russia. He is least demanding of conditions of detention and when good care quickly gains marketable weight. Cases have been recorded when captured record-breaking crayfish reached a length of 35 cm and weighed up to 700 grams!

But the problem is different: where can I get the required number of long-toed crayfish? It makes no sense to buy live crayfish from Kazakh or Altai suppliers, since the crayfish they import belong to different types, and their very condition upon arrival at the place of transportation leaves much to be desired. There are no specialized crab breeding farms in Russia. Therefore, there is only one way out - to independently catch viable and healthy individuals.

But how many crayfish need to be caught and at what time of year it is best to do this directly depends on the density of adult crayfish per 1 m² and the characteristics of their reproduction.

Stocking density of adult female and male crayfish

Table 2. Chemical indicators of water for keeping adult crayfish and juveniles.

If it is initially not possible to determine water indicators, then crayfish are placed at the bottom of the pond at the rate of 3 pcs/1 m².

Reproduction of crayfish

IN natural environment habitat The long-fingered crayfish mates in October-November, at a water temperature of 4-6 degrees, and only in late spring, when the water warms up to 15°C, do female crayfish begin to spawn. Based on this, we draw a simple conclusion: crayfish for breeding must be caught in August-September, before the mating period, and according to the scheme of the crayfish breeding farm, their number will be 384 pieces, where 256 pieces. there will be females and 128 pieces. males. That is, to properly place all the caught crayfish, you will need 2 indoor reservoirs.

After the required number of crayfish has been caught, the most important process begins - reproduction. And here, thanks to the non-freezing pond water, mating of females occurs not in late autumn, but in early spring, sometimes in February. Accordingly, this process needs to be monitored and controlled.

- How to do it?

The first sign that the crayfish are ready to mate or have already begun to do so is the water temperature - 4-6°C. The second sign by which the fertilization of eggs is determined is the presence of a white hardened mass of spermatophores in the lower part of the female’s cephalothorax. When the number of such females increases during control catches, they are caught and transferred to a separate incubator pond, while monitoring all phases of spawning, egg maturation and stages of fry development.

In a more condensed form, the entire reproduction process looks like this:

• The mating time for females is February-March.
• Spawning occurs at a water temperature of 14-15 degrees Celsius.
• The maturation of eggs from spawning to the eye stage takes 7-10 days at an optimal temperature of 21-24 degrees.
• The first stage of fry after hatching is 1-7 days.
• The second stage of fry after hatching is 5-8, then the first molt occurs, and the crustaceans begin active feeding.
• The third stage of fry after hatching is 14-20 days. Juveniles are completely similar to adults and can feed independently and do without the care of their mother.

Advice. To quickly lower or raise the temperature of water in a reservoir, it is enough to increase or decrease its volume.

As a result, from the period of spawning to the receipt of viable juveniles, about a month passes. During this time, the female crayfish is capable of carrying 40-50 fry in her underbelly. After which the females are caught again and transferred to their old place. And the crustaceans, as they grow, are gradually distributed among free ponds in accordance with the planting norm.

Food and feeding of crayfish

Table 3. Feed recipes for all age category crayfish in % ratio.

Note. Some expensive components, for example, fish, or can be completely replaced with fish or meat waste. That's just percentage meat and fish waste should be doubled in relation to their dry counterparts.

Feeding of crayfish is carried out in the morning or evening at the same time. The daily feed rate is 0.2% of the total wet weight of crayfish. For females during the spawning period, this rate increases by 0.7% and by the end of the month decreases to 0.3%. Aquatic flora and fauna, which include algae, river plankton, and insect larvae, play an important role in the diet of crayfish. Therefore, ponds need to be “populated” and “planted” with similar living creatures and plants in advance.

For more accurate calculations of feed supply rates, we present practical example.

So, we have an indoor pond with an area of ​​32 m², in which there are 192 yearlings of the year. (6pcs/m²). Their total weight will be about 30 kg (150g per individual). One percent of 30kg will be 0.3kg, and 0.2% of 0.3kg will be only 60g of feed. This is how tiny it turns out daily norm feed dachas. At the same time, a batch of live crayfish weighing 30 kg, according to the most conservative estimates, will cost 8-9 thousand rubles. And in a year, such a number of crayfish will eat no more than 25 kg of feed.

How to quickly establish sales channels for live crayfish?

Another advantage of the intensive method of crayfish breeding is manifested in the process of their implementation. The owner of such a farm does not need to rack his brains over how to sell huge, multi-ton batches of live crayfish, which large fishing companies are constantly faced with.

It is enough to find several restaurants, bars or just a group of people willing to purchase such a valuable food product in advance. And subsequently, at any convenient time of the year, be it summer or winter, catch the required batch of crayfish, for example, 100-150 kg, and register a vet for them. certificate form 2 and calmly distribute them to catering outlets, which are unlikely to refuse to diversify their menu with freshly cooked crayfish.

Feasibility studies for starting a business

Capital investments *

• Costs for constructing ponds: RUB 300,000.
• Equipment and components for ponds: 2,913,000 thousand rubles.
• Purchase of land: 60,000 rubles.
• Purchase of feed: 100,000 rubles.
• Other expenses: RUB 200,000.
• Total: 3,573,000 rubles.

* Capital expenditures, in in this example conditional and are given for the reader’s understanding of approximate order investments necessary to open a farm for breeding crayfish (note by Moneymakers Factory).

How much can you earn?

Revenue calculation:

• Production of crayfish per year: 12 thousand 500 pieces.
• The total weight of crayfish is 2500 kg.
• average cost for 1 kg 500 rub.
• Revenue for the year: 1,250,000 rubles.

Annual expenses:

• Electricity: 9 thousand rubles.
• Compound feed: 12 thousand rubles.
• Other expenses (transport, veterinary): 100 thousand rubles.
• Total: 121,000 rubles.

Profit calculation = 1,250,000 rub. - 121,000 rub. = 1,129,000 rub. **

Return on investment: 2.5 -3 years

** Size of profitability of activities according to expert opinion the author of the article and is of a conditional nature, presented for the reader’s understanding of how profitability is calculated (note from the Moneymaker Factory).

Video with experience from the USA