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Attention is a mental process that ensures the direction and focus of consciousness on a fixed object. Without it, a person will not be able to organize productive conscious activity, and therefore it is important already in preschool age offer children effective games and exercises to develop attention.

Exercise 1: Icons in Shapes

Preparation

1. Table 5x5, randomly filled with geometric shapes:
   • rhombus;
   • square;
   • triangle;
2. Sample Fill:
   • "+" in a square;
   • "-" in a circle;
   • "v" in a rhombus;
   • "o" in a triangle

Exercise

1. Look carefully at the sheet.
2. How many shapes are in each line?
3. How many figures are in each column?
4. What color are the [squares | diamonds | triangles | circles]?
5. Take a pencil in your hands and put down an icon in each figure, as in the sample. If you forget which icon to put, you can peep into the sample.

When the child completes the task of the exercise, discuss the results. Count how many mistakes he made.

The game can be made even more interesting. For each correctly placed badge, the child earns 1 point. Having scored 25 points, the baby receives a small prize (a small toy, candy, apple, etc.). For each mistake made, he must perform 1 phantom. If the exercise is performed by several children, the winner makes forfeits to the losers.

Exercise 2: Fix the mistake

At the age of 4–5 years, kids already know the grammatical structure of speech, and the accumulated knowledge base allows them to find logical inconsistencies in sentences. Use this to train your child's auditory attention, work on his stability

This exercise does not require special preparation, but you can print cards with sentences in advance in which the child will need to look for an error. If the baby has already learned to read on his own, offer him independent work with cards. Otherwise, read the text, and let the little one correct the mistakes made by the author.

For example:

1. White snow falls on the sky.
2. The plane flies under the forest.
3. A white snowflake swirls beautifully in the air.
4. Water freezes and turns into ice.
5. An old kindergarten was built next to our house.

Exercise 3

Perfectly develops mindfulness drawing by cells. In this segment of tasks, you can choose an option for any level of development.

Ask the kids to continue the line of the simplest patterns:

If the continuation of the pattern is not difficult, arrange the task in the form of a simple one: the child needs to complete the pattern, focusing on your verbal commands, without a visual sample. In this format, the exercise perfectly trains visual and auditory attentiveness, and also perfectly develops spatial thinking.

Attentive preschool children are invited to repeat the drawing according to the model:

Exercise 4

Preparation:

Multiple images. You can prepare an arbitrary set of pictures or use this exercise to further practice the lexical topic you are studying:

• winter;
• dishes;
• furniture;
• vegetables and fruits;
• pets, etc.

You can replace pictures with objects: toys, sports equipment, clothing items, etc.

Exercise

You show the child a picture (object) and pronounce the word. If the image and the word match, the baby claps his hands; if not, he stomps his feet.

Pictures can be shown repeatedly.

Stop the game if you notice that the baby has lost interest or, on the contrary, is overly excited (shouts from a place, does not let you finish the word, has become fussy and not collected).

Exercise 5. Spy dances

You can develop attention in different ways. For example, during a fun children's disco. Offer your child not ordinary dances, but spy dances. Agree that for dance moves you will have your own cipher: each pa is encoded by some number.

For example:

• 1 - two jumps;
• 2 - spin in place;
• 3 - three claps.

Now turn on the music and command. It will probably be difficult for the child at first. In this case, connect the display of the corresponding movements to the verbal commands. Gradually, the baby will remember your code, and then the success of the task will depend solely on children's attentiveness.

1. Significant influence on the formation of mindfulness in childhood plays food. Milk and dairy products have a beneficial effect on brain function, fresh fruits, vegetables, greens.
2. It is important to follow the daily routine. active work(be it physical or mental work) should alternate with rest. Develop the child, train his attention and memory, but please do not overdo it. Your brain needs just as much rest as your muscles.
3. For performance child's body oxygen is needed. Regular walks to fresh air will help you raise an attentive, collected and assiduous child, who will find it easy to study at school, complete the tasks of the teacher and learn new sciences for him.

Be attentive to your little one, enjoy parenthood, and let it be happy.

Modern society is developing dynamically and requires comprehensively developed personalities. Therefore, teachers actively involve parents in the process of teaching children with disabilities. early age. It is no coincidence that the emphasis is on the development of attention at the age of 6 years.

Attention is the concentration of consciousness on some external object. It can be anything - objects, phenomena, relationships, feelings, or inner world person. To focus attention on any object, it is necessary to make an effort and collect perception on one thing. The outside world and way of life surrounds a person from birth with a huge amount of information. A person is not able to fully absorb all this. He needs a system that helps to highlight the most important and necessary information. This system is attention.

The ability to focus their attention plays a huge role for students. Therefore, it is especially important to use the age of 5-6 years for the development of attention in children. This development is one of the main to prepare children for school. Developing attention is just as important as teaching reading and writing.

How can you describe attention?

The main problem in the development process is the restlessness of children. Children aged 5-6 often suffer from inability to maintain attention. They find it difficult to focus on one thing. Any learning process turns into torture. The child is constantly distracted, indulges and cannot remember even the simplest lesson.

In this case, another quality that is inherent in children at this age will help - curiosity. Babies are very curious. Therefore, any process of teaching children should interest and involve them. Information "under pressure" will not be assimilated. At worst, such a lesson will inflict psychological trauma to kid.

A feature of the attention of children 5-6 years old is that it attracts appearance items. Attention is divided into several types:

1. Arbitrary - this type requires a person to make an effort to concentrate. That is, it is a forced process when a person does what is necessary.
2. Involuntary - arises spontaneously, and does not depend on the efforts of a person.
3. Post-voluntary - occurs during training, removing concentration and volitional effort.

Children aged 5-6 years are not yet able to independently force themselves to do anything. Therefore, their attention is mostly arbitrary. The learning process should be built on attracting the attention of the child and keeping it. With each lesson, the attention span will increase.

The baby's involuntary attention arises and remains as long as interest in objects persists. Psychologists recommend forcing the child to reason out loud. Then the process of involvement in learning is maximum.

Attention has the following properties:

• stability;
• concentration;
• volume;
• selectivity;
• switchability.

Violation of any property leads to a change in the behavior of the baby.

Important: up to 5 years old, the baby cannot concentrate and control his attention. He may be attracted to large bright objects, loud sounds etc. But by the age of 6, the situation has changed dramatically. Development goes in a different direction. Children are immersed in the study of new knowledge with their heads. They can already control their attention, speech and train of thought. True, not for long.

How to determine the level of attention

Every year voluntary attention develops and becomes more stable. Children 5-6 years old already have the opportunity to follow the course of their thoughts, draw conclusions and analyze the situation.

To understand at what level the child's attention development is, objective and subjective methods are used:

1. Raven's table.
2. B. Bourdon's algorithm "Correction test".
3. Algorithm N. Gutkina "House".

To determine the level of attention, not only methods of testing children are used. Parents should also be involved in this process. Teachers usually ask them to fill out questionnaires and conduct a survey.

These are the techniques that experienced teachers and psychologists use in educational institutions. At home, you are unlikely to be able to cope with such techniques on your own, and draw the right conclusions.

Important: the amount of attention of a child under 5 years old is no more than 2 objects that he will be interested in. By the age of 6, this is already 3 objects. Schoolchildren can keep their attention on 5 objects, and an adult on 7. You should not demand more from your baby than he can by age.

For self-determination level of attention of the child, you can use simple games:

1. Find 5 differences (two identical pictures, except for a few details).
2. Find the same pair.
3. Find the hidden triangle/square/circle in the picture.
4. Labyrinth (you can not use a pencil, look for a way out only with your eyes).

It is so easy to understand whether your baby can show perseverance and cope with the task. The norm for concentration of attention at the age of 5-6 years is considered time: 10 - 30 minutes.

For any learning process, it is important to ensure the correct environment. It is good to practice outdoors. Without access to oxygen, in rooms with stale air, the brain cannot cope with new information and does not absorb it. shallow breathing can disrupt the learning process. Therefore, it is important to monitor the child's breathing and teach him how to do it. deep breaths. Soap bubbles and balls, whistles and wind instruments perfectly help with this.

The technique used by our grandmothers is called needlework. It is simple and effective. Pursuing manual labor, the child actively develops concentration and finger motor skills. It is wrong to think that needlework is for girls. At this age, boys sew dolls with interest, knit toys and assemble ship models.

Participation in household chores, actively helps the child learn to focus on any business. Pet care plays an important role in this.

The main thing is to be patient, and not to rush to do the work for the child if something does not work out for him.

In order to fully prepare a child for school, it is necessary almost from the very birth to turn Special attention on the formation of higher mental processes. One of them is attention. This is a selective, conscious orientation of perception to a certain object for some time. And if the kids do not yet have it as such (at least it is very insignificant), then the development of attention in children of 3-4 years old, and even more so at 5 years old, goes almost by leaps and bounds. And this aspect of raising a child needs to be given a lot of time.

In order for the development of attention in children of 4-5 years old to correspond to the norm, parents need to know the basic properties of this mental process. This will allow you to correctly place accents when educating. At this age, the child must learn to select the information he needs and discard the excess. Every second enters his little brain great amount signals. And if at the age of 3-4 a child does not begin to form attention, which acts as a kind of filter, his brain will not avoid overload, which will subsequently negatively affect his learning success. This function has certain properties. If their development does not correspond to age, this will lead to deviations in the child's activities.

1. Volume. If it is small, it is impossible to concentrate on several subjects at the same time, and even more so to keep them in mind.
2. concentration and persistence. If they are insufficient, it is impossible to maintain attention for a long time without weakening it and without being distracted.
3. Selectivity. Without the development of this property, children cannot concentrate on the necessary part of the material necessary for solving a particular problem assigned to them.
4. switchability. If it is poorly developed, it is difficult to move from one type of any activity to another.
5. Distribution. Without it, the child will not be able to do several things at the same time.
6. Arbitrariness. Without its development, it is difficult for children to focus their attention if it is required of it.

In order for the development of the child's attention in the period from 3 to 5 years to correspond to it, you need to purposefully work on all of the above listed properties this mental function. For this there are special techniques, games, exercises. If a precious moment has been missed, and something has not been formed in accordance with the norms, it will be necessary to carry out specially organized work, involving specialists. To prevent this from happening, it is useful for parents to know about the age-related characteristics of the development of attention in children 3-4-5 years old.

Peculiarities

Immediately before school, the development of attention in a 5-year-old child should be such that he passes a test in grade 1, where there will definitely be tasks for the formation of all these properties. Age features of this higher mental function for children 3-4-5 years old are as follows.

Are common

• The ability to control attention is extremely small;
• it is difficult to direct it to the subject through verbal directions;
• switching requires repeating the instruction over and over again;
• the volume includes no more than 5 objects;
• retention is possible for only 7-8 minutes;
• is involuntary;
• stability depends primarily on the nature of the activity: it is negatively affected by the impulsiveness of the baby, the capricious and unrestrained desire to immediately get the object he needs, do something, answer.

3 years

• The initial form of voluntary attention is developing;
• distribution between 2 items or actions is practically inaccessible;
• the baby cannot yet be attentive as such;
• attention at this age is manifested only in specific mental processes: the child peers, listens, wants to guess the riddle, tries to read the “primer book”, plays, draws with enthusiasm.

4 years

• Finally, a full-fledged ability to direct one's own attention to a specific object or activity appears at the direction of an adult, according to his instructions;
• accordingly, the development of all the above properties begins.

5 years

• The most original, elementary form of full-fledged voluntary attention arises;
• willingly and successfully plays games for attention and memory for children aged 5, completing all tasks;
• is able to compose the simplest self-instruction for his own attention and follow it;
• resilience is built into vigorous activity, manipulation of objects, in games, when performing various actions.

This is the pace at which the attention of children 4-5 years old is developing. At the age of 3, it is still difficult to talk about the formation of this mental function, and after 2 years it should already meet fairly high criteria. In order to check whether everything is in order in this area with your baby, you can give him a few simple tasks for attention.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of the development of attention in children 4-5 years old is carried out by specialists, as well as upon admission to grade 1. At home, parents can independently give him a few tasks and see how quickly and efficiently he will cope with them.

1. Find the same objects in the picture, name their color.
2. Draw 2 houses, 2 bunnies. Draw a path from each animal to a separate house so that they intersect. Follow with your eyes the path of each bunny to his personal house. Show where someone lives. Is it difficult to do it visually? You are allowed to run your finger along the path.
3. Colorize geometric and irregular shape model figurines.
4. Draw the outlines of several (about 3-4) different objects so that they overlap each other. Find what items are shown.
5. Find differences in the picture. In case of difficulty, leading questions are resolved.

If the preschooler found it difficult to complete any of the tasks, then more time should be devoted to this aspect. And for this, there are specially designed games for the development of attention in children of 4-5 years old, which will be both useful and interesting to him at the same time.

Development Methods

Inextricably linked games for attention and memory for children 4 years old (+/- 1 year old), since these two higher mental functions are interconnected. Such game lessons they will entertain the baby, and along the way they will teach you to pay attention to something interesting and new around, which may come in handy in the future.

• Interesting walk

As you walk, describe every little detail you see along the way. For example, what bright green leaves on the trees, what a beautiful mannequin in the window, how cheerfully the dog wags its tail. Talk to your little one more.

But first, make sure the baby knows all these numbers. Tell him: "Try as quickly as possible to find, show and say aloud the numbers from 1 to 25." Most children 5-7 years old complete this task in 1.5-2 minutes and almost without errors. Another version of this game: prepare a table with 25 cells, on which the numbers from 1 to 35 are randomly written, 10 of which are missing. Ask the child to find and show all the numbers in a row, and write down the missing numbers (if he cannot write down the numbers, then just let him call them to you). Record the time it took the child to complete this task. If these exercises turned out to be difficult for a son or daughter, make a simpler table, for example, from 9 cells

Where is whose house?

Game for development of stability of attention. Offer your child a drawing of seven different little animals, each of which hurries to its own house. Lines connect the animals to their houses. It is necessary to determine where whose house is, without drawing a pencil along the lines. If the task is difficult for the baby, then allow the pencil to be put aside over time.

Clap your hands

You can play like this. Give your child different words: table, bed, cup, pencil, bear, fork, etc. The kid listens attentively and claps his hands when he comes across a word denoting, for example, an animal. If the baby is confused, repeat the game from the beginning.