Interesting facts about blood presentation. Human blood: interesting facts
1. The heart muscle is a natural pump that is capable of ejecting blood into 9 meters.
2. Among other things, the heart is a very wear-resistant organ. During its “life” it is capable of passing through itself 170 million liters of blood. This is enough to fill about a hundred large swimming pools.
3. Above one million mosquitoes would be required to completely bleed a person.
4. Horned lizards sometimes use their blood as a defense tool against predators. In the most dangerous situations reptile shoots blood from the corners of the eyes at a distance of up to 5 m.
5. History is unlikely to forget the Hungarian Countess Elisabeth Bathory. Also known as Bloody Countess, Elizabeth killed more than 650 Hungarian girls to take blood baths. According to legend, the Countess believed that this would help her become younger.
6. At the end of the 1990s, a version of the Koran appeared, written in the blood of Saddam Hussein. Bloody Koran was created for about two years, during which the President of Iraq acted as a kind of “donor”.
7. Have you ever seen pictures from horror films where a person cries blood? This happens in reality too. Hemolacria is a very rare condition caused by tumors of the glands.
8. American James Christopher Harrison almost died in his youth, so he promised himself to become a donor and help others. As a result, the man donated blood about 1000 times and thus saved 2,000,000 babies.
9. Before 40% of blood can be lost man and survive. Important role plays the time during which the required blood volume will be replenished.
10. Each of us must remember: only 500 ml donated blood able save some lives.
One of critical systems the human body is the cardiovascular system. Blood circulates in it, without which our life is impossible. Let's consider interesting facts about human blood.
1. The heart of an adult pumps almost 10 thousand liters of blood in one day. With one heartbeat, approximately 130 milliliters are ejected into the aorta.
2. B calm state In the body, the blood in it is distributed as follows: a quarter of the total volume is located in the kidneys and muscles, 15% is in vascular system intestinal walls, 13% moves in the vessels of the lungs and other organs, 10% is located in the liver, 8% circulates in the brain, 4% is contained in the cardiac coronary vessels.
3. The adaptation of Tibetans to life in the highlands is explained by the increased content of hemoglobin in their blood. This is ensured by the presence of the EPAS1 gene allele in their genome. Such adaptation has not been observed among any other people. The only exception was the Denisovan genome, in which the same allele was found. Denisovans are not classified as Homo Sapiens, nor even Neanderthals. The most probable hypothesis is that the Denisovans interbred with the predecessors of the Chinese and Tibetans, which took place many millennia ago. In more late times The Chinese living on the plains lost this allele as unnecessary; it was preserved only among the Tibetans.
4. Old blood cells die and are replaced by new ones. Every hour in an adult, 5 billion white blood cells, 2 billion platelets and 1 billion red blood cells die. They are replaced by new cells produced by the bone marrow and spleen. About 25 grams of blood undergoes daily renewal.
5. Average weight bone marrow an adult is equal to 2600 grams. Over the course of 70 years of human life, it produces 650 kilograms of red blood cells and almost a ton of white blood cells.
6. Blood flows through the vessels of the brain in a volume of 740-750 milliliters within one minute.
7. Human body functions normally if the blood moves through the vessels in a continuous flow and not in jerks. This was proven by the medical history of American Craig Lewis, whom even an electronic pacemaker could not save from heart disease. After the heart was removed, the patient was connected to a different type of machine that ensures continuous blood circulation throughout his body. Craig Lewis lived without a pulse for five weeks - his ECG was a straight line. Lewis's cause of death was liver failure due to amyloidosis, and this had nothing to do with the implanted device.
8. The total area of all human alveoli supplying blood to the lungs is equal to the area of a tennis court. And the number of alveoli in both lungs reaches 700 million.
9. Normal frequency A person's pulse at rest is considered to be 60-80 beats/min. It is noted that the heart rate in women exceeds the heart rate of men by 6-8 beats. Heavy exercise stress can accelerate the pulse to more than 200 beats per minute. It is interesting to compare - a mouse has a heart rate of 500 beats per minute, a rabbit - 200, a frog - 30 and an elephant - only 20.
10. The only part human body, not having circulatory system to supply it with oxygen is the cornea of the eye. Since it must be perfectly transparent, its cells are provided with oxygen dissolved in tears directly from the air.
11. While telling interesting facts about human blood, it is interesting to note that the liquid contained inside green coconuts can be used as a substitute for blood plasma.
12. Blood banks first appeared during World War II. The pioneer of this business was the American Charles Drew. In a cruel irony, he died in 1950 as a result of blood loss after a car accident.
13. Human blood is red because of the iron it contains, which acts as an oxygen carrier. Some types of spiders have blood of blue color, since copper serves as an oxygen carrier in it.
14. Total length of all blood vessels the human body is about 100 thousand kilometers. Let us remind you that the distance between New York and Moscow is only 7500 km.
Interesting video about human blood:
June 14 is World Blood Donor Day, dedicated to the birthday of Karl Landsteiner, the Austrian scientist who first divided blood into groups. This discovery marked new stage in the development of medicine. In general, blood has been attributed to various medicinal properties. And some even claim that a person’s fate directly depends on their blood type.
Life Stream
In ancient times, blood symbolized life flow. It was believed that blood could make the earth more fertile, as it contained part of the divine energy. Blood (later red paint) was smeared on the foreheads of seriously ill patients, women in labor and newborns to give them vitality. In the Roman Catholic and Orthodox traditions Wine is used for communion, symbolizing the blood of Christ.
For example, red blood cells are also called red blood cells because they contain hemoglobin, which gives the blood its red color. Hemoglobin ensures fulfillment main function red blood cells - transport of gases, in particular oxygen. Red blood cells are shaped like biconcave discs, which is why many say they resemble a donut shape without the hole. Red blood cells circulate in the blood for 120 days and are then destroyed in the liver and spleen.
Platelets are colorless oval or rod-shaped bodies that play a key role in the blood clotting process and protect the body from significant blood loss from cuts and wounds. Their lifespan is much shorter than red blood cells - only 8-10 days.
White blood cells or leukocytes - part immune system body. Their main function is protective. They participate in immune reactions and are the main “fighters” against viruses and harmful substances. Normally, there are much fewer leukocytes in the blood than other elements. If their number exceeds the specified values, this means that an infection has entered the body. The lifespan of leukocytes varies: from several hours and days to several years.
"Blood type on a sleeve"
It's no secret that there are four blood types in total. They were discovered at the beginning of the 20th century by the Austrian scientist Karl Landsteiner, for which in 1930 he was awarded Nobel Prize in the field of physiology and medicine. And in 1940, Landsteiner, together with other scientists Wiener and Levine, discovered the “Rh factor”.
Belonging to a certain blood group does not change throughout life. Although science knows one fact of changing blood type. This incident happened to an Australian girl, Demi-Leigh Brennan. After the liver transplant surgery, her Rh factor changed from negative to positive. This event alarmed the public, including doctors and scientists.
There are several divisions of human blood into groups, but highest value has a division of blood into four groups according to the "AB0" system and into two groups - according to the "Rhesus" system. The four blood groups are designated by symbols: I(0), II(A), III(B), IV(AB). Thus, blood type I(0) is the most common - it is found in 45% of people on Earth. II(A) blood type predominates among Europeans - about 35% of people are its carriers. III(B) blood group is less numerous - it can be found in only 13% of people. Most rare group blood is IV (AB) - occurs in only 7% of people.
Some scientists have a rather interesting opinion. They believe that a person's fate directly depends on their blood type. There is a lot of research being done around the world on this topic. In Japan, for example, it is believed that blood determines the character and characteristics of a person to a greater extent than the signs of the zodiac. According to vanicon.ru, conducting tests and recording blood type in Japan is called “ketsu-eki-gata”.
The Japanese are confident that those with blood type I are sociable, emotional and energetic people. People with blood type II are more stress-resistant, patient, love harmony and order, but are somewhat stubborn. People with blood group III are considered impressionable, demanding, powerful and creative individuals. People with the rare IV group in life are guided by feelings, balanced, indecisive and harsh.
"Bloody" diet
Some see a relationship between blood type and diet. For example, owners of the oldest blood group (I) are recommended to adhere to a high-protein diet - eat meat (except pork), fish and seafood. Any vegetables and fruits are healthy, except sour ones. It is better to avoid wheat and wheat products and corn in your diet, reports abc-your-health.com.
But people with II group blood prone to oncological diseases, anemia, heart, liver and stomach diseases. They are advised to adhere vegetarian diet- limit the consumption of dairy products, replace them with soy products, eat cereals, fruits and fish.
It is believed that people with III group blood at wrong diet instability to rare viral diseases, syndrome chronic fatigue. Therefore, they are advised to adhere balanced diet- eat meat (except poultry), eggs, cereals, vegetables (except corn, tomatoes), fruits. It is not recommended to eat seafood.
The “youngest” blood group is IV; its owners are not advised to indulge in seafood, nuts, cereals, vegetables and non-acidic fruits.
The material was prepared by the Internet editors of www.rian.ru based on information from open sources.
While reading the Bible, I noticed that negative information was leaving my eyes and also leaving my head. I measured the biofield of the book and it turned out to be commensurate with the human biofield. If a book is placed under the light of an electric light bulb, the biofield in the book increases. Putting left hand to a closed book, then negative information began to come out from my sore spots. In addition, the book protects your home from the penetration of negative information. She very quickly clears books that carry negativity, so the Bible should be on the student’s desk. I think that this book contains a code that turns on the Energy-information field of the Earth and it accordingly cleanses the book and the people present, I think that faith has nothing to do with it, if a person believes or not, it does not matter, the main thing is that the person does not brought harm to nature and people. Hatred is a logical thought form emanating from a person subconsciously, affected by dark forces, aimed at defeating the person’s ability to distinguish lies from truth. It affects the hypothalamus and the human soul, and therefore reduces his biofield and the immunity of the soul, as well as the body. If they fail, anger and even aggression arise. This is the basis for the conflict between parents and children; children know how to distinguish truth from lies, as they say, the truth speaks through the mouth of a baby. .Constant hatred leads to the fact that a person becomes the same. If you have already picked up hatred, then you need to cleanse yourself. To do this, you can use the number from the Bible, Genesis, Chapter 7, Verse 24, and the number itself is 724-150, which must be said five times in the morning. And hatred will go back to where it came from, and if anger arises against you, then you need to say the number mentally three times 72-72 Bible, Chapter 7, Verse 2. Many people are struck by hatred, their fate is the destruction of the soul in Tar-Tara and the destruction of the record in the book of Life, since all the actions of people are recorded in the Mind of the Earth, according to the information recorded in it, the same person can be born at any time, if necessary. If you evil people curses, you will feel it on your cheeks, they may turn red, or you will feel as if blows are being struck on them, and you will have hiccups. Then in this case, say the numbers from Genesis 300-50-30 chapter 6 verse 15 at least seven times. And what they wish for you will go to your ill-wisherCrosses himself with his hand, what does that mean?
.
I noticed that crossing myself with my hand did not give any effect. I remembered the words that I was taught as a child: In the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. With the words he crossed himself with three fingers three times and with nerve ganglia forearm, as well as negative information began to come out from the head. I tried to cross myself with the words with all my fingers pressed together. Negativity began to come out of me from sore spots, as well as from the nerve nodes of the forearm and head. in both cases the biofield almost doubles. This means that celestial forces impose additional shells on the biofield. Therefore, if you cross yourself when leaving the house, you will not be vulnerable. You can also cross with the words: In the name of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit, any things: computers, monitors, televisions, cars and other things. At the same time, the negativity leaves this thing, and the negativity will leave you in this thing, and then on those people who sent negative information to this thing
10. Primitive experiments
In the 17th century human blood considered "the essence of life and useful only because of its supposed mental effects" Because of this belief, almost 200 years passed before blood was used as a tool. replacement therapy while treating a British woman who suffered from postpartum hemorrhage.
This medical advance was preceded by years of experimentation using various other fluids instead of blood. First intravenous injection occurred in London in 1657 when Christopher Wren injected ale and wine into a dog's vein.
The dog got drunk, and the experiment was considered a success. Eight years later, the first animal-to-animal blood transfusion took place when Richard Lower used two dogs as his research subjects. After bleeding the small dog almost to the point of death, Lower opened an artery in a large mastiff and transfused blood from it to the bled animal. In doing so, Lower demonstrated that transfusion was vital to the restoration of the circulatory system. This led to a series of experiments that, over the course of next three centuries took place throughout Europe.
9. Corpse blood
Before the Austrian physician Karl Landsteiner discovered the existence of blood groups in 1901, blood transfusions most often led to tragic consequences. This medical breakthrough saved countless lives of men fighting in the trenches during the First World War.
Direct and rapid blood transfusions on the battlefield were necessary for survival, but over the next two decades, scientists pondered how to store blood long enough for later use without having to urgently seek a donor.
In 1930, Soviet scientists Vladimir Shamov and Sergei Yudin discovered that cadaveric blood could be stored for a short period of time. However, its viability was still in question.
On March 23, 1930, Yudin performed the first cadaveric blood transfusion to a living patient. This procedure was successful, although questionable given the source. However, refrigerated blood storage centers were established throughout Russia, paving the way for modern practice long-term storage of canned blood.
8. Crisis prevention
In 1938, the onset of World War II seemed inevitable. In the same year, Brigadier Lionel Whitby was appointed director of the UK Autonomous Blood Transfusion Service, which provided blood to military personnel from its centralized depots.
Three years later, the United States realized it could not transport American blood by air to Europe or Africa, causing shortages among American troops fighting far from home. As a result, Whitby was faced with the difficult task of providing blood for the troops of both armies at a time when blood supplies were dwindling.
To ensure that American soldiers would not suffer a shortage of blood on the battlefield because British troops would have priority in receiving it, President Franklin Roosevelt threatened Winston S. Churchill with bankruptcy of the British Empire. Apparently Roosevelt's blackmail was heard, as Churchill ordered British blood to be provided to both armies Western countries.
This continued until the spring of 1945, when the Allies mastered the method of storing and long-distance transportation of blood. In total, almost 50,000 liters of blood were sent abroad. Events that occurred during this time led to the establishment of the National Blood Transfusion Service and Brigadier Whitby was awarded a knighthood.
7. Donor blood
In 1984, three years after the first case of AIDS, the cause of the disease was determined to be HIV. IN next year American blood banks have begun using screening tests to detect the virus. However, the technology did not match necessary requirements determination of viral antigens and antibodies.
By 1993, the number of Americans who had contracted AIDS through blood transfusions was 1,098. This exposed a vulnerability in public health, which few people knew about, and led to the understanding that HIV and AIDS are not only a disease of homosexuals. The new data sowed growing distrust of government and public institutions, and challenged the country's entire health infrastructure, including biomedical and behavioral research.
Despite recent advances in the development of effective HIV testing, even the most sensitive blood donation screening technologies cannot detect the virus within the first week of infection. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 16 million blood donations occur each year across the country and go to hospitals and community blood banks. This number accounts for approximately 11 cases when infected blood and 20 cases where blood components containing HIV infection were received. This could potentially infect many recipients of donated blood.
6. Cases with fatal
When Yolanda Saldivar fatally shot Tejano star Selena Quintanilla in March 1995, it sparked debate over whether her death could have been prevented. According to court documents As the 23-year-old girl bled to death, her father tried to prevent doctors from transfusing her blood due to the religious beliefs of Jehovah's Witnesses. However, doctors injected three liters of blood into the dying singer, but this did not save her.
Such tragic but preventable incidents are common among Jehovah's Witnesses, who believe that taking the blood of another person is as sinful as having an extramarital affair. According to their interpretation of the Acts of the Apostles, those who do not keep the Scriptures are deprived of divine love and become unworthy of resurrection.
This belief has led to countless unnecessary deaths of faithful followers of Jehovah's Witnesses in the United States. Just as Jehovah's Witnesses have the right to refuse blood transfusions, doctors have the right to refuse to act if surgery cannot be performed without transfusion. According to surgeon Lyell Gorenstein, doing surgery with possible heavy bleeding without the possibility of a transfusion, it’s the same as performing a deadly acrobatic act without a safety net.
5. France, 1667
In 1667, a 15-year-old boy in France bled himself out of a desire to improve his health. As a result, in addition to his past ailments, he began to suffer from severe blood loss. This prompted Dr. Jean-Baptiste Denis to perform the first documented human blood transfusion, using sheep blood.
Surprisingly, the boy survived. Dr. Denis’s second experiment ended just as successfully. In the third case, with patient Antoine Maurois, things got worse. A mentally ill Parisian, Maurois, who wandered the streets naked and shouted obscenities, was forced by Dr. Denis to undergo a transfusion.
After the third infusion of calf blood into Mr. Maurois, the patient died, and Dr. Denis was accused of murder. After a long judicial trial the doctor was rehabilitated, but it was decided that blood transfusions would no longer be performed in France without the approval of the Paris Faculty of Medicine.
4. Street transfusions
In the town of Delmas in South Africa's Mpumalanga province, drug dealers roam the streets in broad daylight and drug addicts number in the tens of thousands. The most common drug is a mixture called "nyaope" because it is very effective and incredibly cheap, costing only $2 per dose.
This white powdery substance is a mixture of marijuana, low-grade heroin, rat poison and household chemical cleaning products. It can be smoked, but most often it is dissolved in water and injected into a vein to achieve more long lasting effects.
3. Blood for gold
Before William Harvey created his theory of blood circulation in 1628, it was believed that drinking another person's blood could be beneficial both in medicine and in a spiritual context. During the times of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, spectators drank the blood of dying gladiators, believing that in this way they would gain their courage and strength.
Perhaps the most absurd incident resulting from this archaic and erroneous belief occurred in 1492, when the first recorded attempt at blood transfusion was made, described by Stefano Infessura. After Pope Innocent VIII fell into a coma, three ten year old boys They promised to give each a ducat (gold coin) in exchange for their blood.
When the children's veins were opened, blood began to be poured into the pontiff through the mouth. Not surprisingly, this procedure was unsuccessful and led to the death of all three boys, as well as the Pope himself.
2. Change of soul
As we have already said, the first human blood transfusion was performed in 1667 by Dr. Denis using sheep blood. The choice of sheep was not random, and it was not related to the convenience and availability of sheep blood in a moment of crisis.
In reality, a variety of animals have been used as blood providers, based on factors related to the characteristics of both the individual animal and the individual. In the 17th century, it was believed that receiving someone else's blood changed the soul and endowed the recipient with the different traits that the donor exhibited in his life.
Therefore, doctors who conducted such experiments sought to find a balance between two different personalities in order to create a person with more equal characteristics. If a patient in need of a transfusion was known to have a turbulent temperament, the ideal animal was a gentle lamb, whose blood was believed to bring calm to the troubled soul.
On the other hand, if the patient was reticent or timid, the blood of the most sociable creatures was chosen to make the shy person more sociable.
1. Fountain of Youth
In the 17th century, a German doctor suggested that infusion of “hot and strong blood young man"can become a fountain of youth. This idea was picked up and tried to be implemented by the Soviet doctor Alexander Bogdanov in 1924. He began to inject “young blood” into his own veins.
Bogdanov, who is said to be the founder of the world's first institution entirely devoted to the field of blood transfusion, concluded that he had discovered effective method life extension. In fact, after every transfusion Bogdanov gave himself, he insisted that his health was definitely improving.
A Soviet doctor's naive attempt to become immortal ultimately ended when the blood he transfused into his body was contaminated with malaria and tuberculosis, causing his death. Interestingly, Bogdanov’s theory may not be too far from the truth, as shown by the results of a study conducted in 2014 and published in the journal Nature Medicine.
According to the researchers, young blood injected into old mice sharpened the rodents' reactions, spatial thinking and memory. Research has shown that blood may contain anti-aging properties that can improve learning and thinking.
Especially for readers of my blog, the site - based on an article from listverse.com - was translated by Dmitry Oskin
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