Proper selection of eyeglasses. How to choose glasses for vision Glasses for vision how to choose

If you are having trouble seeing distant objects clearly, are unable to distinguish letters when reading at your usual distance, are very tired when working in an office, then you need to check your visual acuity and choose glasses or replace the ones you use.

Where to check

To select glasses, you need to check visual acuity and get a prescription for glasses. Today, visual acuity can be tested: in the office of an optometrist in an optical salon, at an appointment with an ophthalmologist in a clinic and using tests on the Internet, online.
Online vision testing is gaining popularity - there are many sites dedicated to vision, which will offer you to download various tests to your computer to check your vision at home. For example, you can download and print a table with Landolt rings on a printer, hang it on the wall and try to read the letters from a certain distance. Or set the size of the most clearly visible letters on the screen for each eye. These classes can be quite interesting, but will not help you understand what glasses you need. At home, using a homemade table or using a computer, it is possible to determine visual acuity only very approximately, since it is impossible to meet all the conditions for conducting such tests: illumination level, contrast and size of characters, distance, etc. In addition, such studies of visual acuity are not allow you to find out what kind of optical power lenses, spectacle or contact lenses will provide the most clear and comfortable vision. Only a specialist, in the course of studying your refraction with a set of trial spectacle lenses, can determine which lenses are needed.

An ophthalmologist in a clinic will determine visual acuity, but even if he has a prescription, it is worth double-checking these data in an optical salon. It is not uncommon for spectacle specialists to deal with customer complaints about the quality of vision in new glasses that fit a prescription from another institution. In this case, the customer is not entitled to make any claims against the manufacturers of glasses. Checking or rechecking visual acuity in the office of an optometrist will be the key to making high-quality glasses, moreover, companies often do it for free when you place an order with them. Currently, many optics salons have an optometrist's or ophthalmologist's office equipped with modern diagnostic equipment.

How to prepare

No special preparation is required for the vision test. All you have to do is provide the specialist with complete information about your vision problems. Remember at what time they occur: in the morning or after a long day of work, in what situations you experience discomfort and what it consists of. Think about the types of activities you need glasses for: working at a computer, etc. If you already use glasses or contact lenses, then take them with you so that the specialist can take into account their parameters when selecting new ones. You must also bring a preserved prescription for glasses.

Before starting a visual acuity test, an ophthalmologist or optometrist will talk with you and ask questions to get the necessary information about you, the condition of your eyes and your general health. Be prepared to talk about common diseases, hereditary eye diseases, specific occupational risk factors, medications you take, and allergies.
Be aware that some medications can affect vision, causing short-term or long-term side effects. So, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiarrhythmic drugs, antidepressants, antipsychotic drugs, calcium channel blockers, oral contraceptives, tranquilizers, psoriasis drugs, tetracycline, thiazide diuretics and some others contribute to increasing the photosensitivity of the organ of vision. A number of drugs sometimes cause changes in pupil size by affecting the light sensitivity of the eye, these are atropine and other anticholinergics, scopolamine, antibiotics (fluoroquinols and tetracyclines), anticonvulsants (phenytoin), antidepressants (selective inhibitors of serotonin reuptake), antihistamines, central nervous system stimulants (amphetamines, cocaine), sedatives (benzodiazepines), anti-erectile drugs, phenothiazines.

Visual acuity test

Visual acuity is the ability of the eye to distinguish fine details of an object from a certain distance. It changes depending on the illumination. Visual acuity may be different for each eye due to hereditary characteristics or acquired defects (nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, and other deviations of the organ of vision from the norm). In addition, visual acuity decreases with age. Visual acuity testing includes the study of the ability of the eyes to distinguish details near and at large distances, the ability to distinguish colors and the study of the visual field (determination of its defects).
Many optometrist's offices in optical salons are equipped with autorefkeratometers, which allow you to quickly determine the objective refraction, which helps in the selection of the necessary correction tools. However, these measurements cannot replace a prescription for eyeglasses (See Article ).

When checking distance visual acuity, special tables are used, which are viewed from a certain distance under standardized lighting. For adults, Golovin-Sivtsev tables with letter optotypes and Landolt rings are intended. To determine visual acuity in children, they use the table of E. M. Orlova, on which images of objects and animals serve as optotypes.

The tables consist of 12 rows of randomly arranged letters or characters of a certain size - optotypes. In each row, the optotypes are of the same size, but from the top row to the bottom they gradually decrease. The value of optotypes changes in arithmetic regression: in the first ten rows, neighboring ones differ by 0.1 units of visual acuity, in the last two rows - by 0.5. When using the Golovin-Sivtsev table, visual acuity is determined from five meters. If the patient from this distance sees the details of the optotypes of the 10th row of the table, then his visual acuity is 1.0. At the end of each row of optotypes, under the symbol V, the visual acuity of the patient who read this row from five meters is indicated.
Distance visual acuity can also be tested using special devices - sign projectors. In this case, a set of letters or symbols of different sizes is projected onto a screen hanging on the wall. The patient is required to name the displayed letters or identify the symbols.

Rules for checking visual acuity:
1. Visual acuity should be examined monocularly - separately for each eye. And always start on the right.
2. Both eyes of the patient should be open, one should be closed with an opaque shield. In the absence of a shield, you can close the eye with the palm (but not fingers) of the patient. It is important not to press through the eyelids on the covered eye, as this may cause a temporary decrease in visual acuity. The shield or palm should be held vertically in front of the eye so that the possibility of intentional or unintentional peeping is excluded, and the light enters the open palpebral fissure from the side. It is unacceptable to squint when examining visual acuity; with myopia, this leads to an increase in visual acuity;

3. The study should be carried out with the correct position of the head and eyelids. Care must be taken that the head is not tilted to either shoulder, either forward or backward, and not turned to the right or left.
4. It is necessary to take into account the time factor: during a routine check, the time for determining the optotype is 2-3 s, with control and expert studies - 4-5 s;
5. Optotypes should be shown in the table with a pointer, the end of which should be clearly visible, when working with a character projector - a laser pointer;
6. You need to start checking by showing a breakdown of the optotypes of the 10th row of the table and gradually move on to rows with larger characters. In children and patients with reduced visual acuity, it is permissible to start the test from the top, showing one sign up to the row where the patient makes a mistake, and then return to the previous row. Visual acuity must be assessed by a series in which all signs were correctly named. One error is allowed in the 3rd-6th rows and two errors in the 7th-10th rows, errors are recorded in the record of the result of the check.
To test near vision, a small card is used, on which several paragraphs of text are printed. Each paragraph is typed in letters of different sizes. The card is held at a distance of 33-35 cm. A patient with normal near vision must read a paragraph whose letter size corresponds to a visual acuity of 1.0.
If, as a result of the test, it is found that visual acuity is below the norm (visual acuity equal to 1.0 is taken as the norm), then the ophthalmologist further investigates the causes of this decrease - determines the patient's refraction.

refraction study

Determination of refraction using a set of trial lenses is the oldest method. It allows you to set the optical power of the lens, which, when placed in front of the eye, provides the highest visual acuity. The study consists in checking the quality of vision with diagnostic lenses of different optical powers. To do this, the patient usually puts on a special trial frame, into which different lenses are inserted alternately, depending on the refraction detected by the autorefractometer, positive or negative.

If autorefractometry was not performed, then, by attaching weak plus and minus lenses, it is found out in which case the vision has improved, and then the lenses of the corresponding sign are selected. lenses Successively try lenses of increasing optical power until the maximum visual acuity for the eye is reached. With myopia, a lens with a minimum refractive power is prescribed, providing high visual acuity. With farsightedness, on the contrary, with the maximum refractive power, at which visual acuity is the highest.
Then, visual acuity is checked binocularly, that is, both eyes together. In this case, the visual acuity of each eye should be 0.9-1.0. And if the quality of vision is different, then the maximum allowable difference in the optical power of the prescribed lenses should be no more than 2-3 diopters, depending on the individual tolerance of the patient.
Identification of the type and degree of astigmatism consists in determining the spherical and astigmatic components of the correction, as well as the position of the axis of the astigmatic lens, which provide maximum visual acuity. To determine astigmatism, the so-called astigmatic figures are often used, and when using optotypes, crossed cylinders are used.

The research method is based on the uneven vision of lines of different orientations in astigmatic figures, or, as they are sometimes called, dials, by the astigmatic eye. These figures are used both to detect astigmatism and to determine its degree and position of the main sections. Crossed cylinders are mainly used at the final stage of the study of refraction to clarify the degree of astigmatism and the position of its main sections, that is, the strength and direction of the axis of the correcting cylinder.
After inserting lenses into the trial frame, the patient should be allowed to stay in the trial frame for several minutes, read, walk around to check the tolerance of corrective lenses. The parameters of these lenses are indicated in the prescription for glasses or contact lenses.
Pupillary distance measurement is carried out after the selection of the correction using a set of trial lenses or a phoropter. Usually, the distance between the centers of the pupils is measured using an ordinary ruler or a special device - a pupillometer. In well-equipped ophthalmological rooms, special electronic measuring systems are used, which make it possible to set all the necessary lens centering parameters with high accuracy. Incorrectly measured interpupillary distance will lead to incorrect centering of the lenses in the frame, which, in turn, can cause poor health during visual stress. The prescription indicates the interpupillary distance for both eyes, and if progressive or aspheric lenses are required, the monocular pupillary distance.

Visual field examination carried out to check peripheral vision. The field of view is the area that is visible in a certain direction of view. Objects in the center of the field of view are seen more clearly than those located at the periphery.
Color perception tests used to test the ability to distinguish colors. This study allows you to identify color blindness (color blindness) in patients with suspected diseases of the retina or optic nerve or with a hereditary predisposition to color blindness, that is, color blind people.

Other methods for studying refraction

The duochromic test is based on the phenomenon of chromatic aberration in the eye. It consists in the fact that short-wave rays (blue-green) are refracted more strongly than long-wave (red), and therefore the focus of blue-green rays is located closer to the cornea than the focus of red ones. Thus, the myopic eye sees more clearly in red light, and the hypermetropic eye sees more clearly in green.

The subject is shown a luminous board, the left half of which is colored green, and the right half is red. Both have black optotypes applied symmetrically. The subject with the selected lens is asked to indicate on what background the signs seem clearer, blacker to him: on red or green.
If on red, then the setting of the eye is myopic and a negative lens of greater optical power should be placed in front of the eye, and a positive lens of lesser optical power; if on a green background, then the eye setting is hypermetropic and you need to choose a weaker negative lens, and a positive one, on the contrary, of greater strength.

binocular vision test

A test with covering the eye (cover test) allows with a high probability to detect overt or hidden strabismus. The patient sits opposite the specialist and stares intently, without blinking, at some distant object behind him. In this case, the specialist, without an interval, covers either the right or the left eye of the patient. If at the moment of opening (transferring the shutter to the other eye) neither eye moves, then most likely there is no strabismus; if movement is noted, then there is strabismus: divergent - when moving towards the nose, or converging - in the direction of the ear.
In the case of obvious strabismus, when one eye (leading) is opened, both make a quick adjusting movement in one direction, and when the other eye (squinting) is opened, they remain motionless. Latent strabismus is characterized by the slow movement of only the opened eye.

prescription for glasses

After determining the visual acuity, the ophthalmologist or optometrist writes out a prescription for the manufacture of glasses, which indicates: patient data, the functional purpose of the glasses (for distance, for reading, for permanent wear, etc.), the required optical power of spherical and, if necessary, cylindrical lenses (indicating the values ​​of the axes of the cylinder), interpupillary distance.

All written prescriptions should be kept, as they can, if necessary, determine how vision has changed over time.

The selection of glasses must be carried out by a qualified specialist. Incorrectly selected glasses can cause constant overwork of the eyes, cause headaches, fatigue, and impaired performance.

Prepared by Olga Shcherbakova

Poor vision is mostly corrected with glasses. This problem is not limited to the elderly. Proper selection of glasses for vision allows you to achieve its maximum sharpness. A complete correction allows the muscular apparatus to work fully with daily increased eye strain, which modern people experience.

You can buy glasses only after examination and consultation with a doctor. Where to check your eyesight? It is better to undergo an initial complete examination at an ophthalmologist at a polyclinic, an eye clinic or a dispensary. With the help of special tables, the doctor checks whether there is farsightedness or myopia, finds out how much vision has deteriorated.

The fundus is often checked using drops that dilate the pupil, while the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe examination visible to the doctor increases. From the action of the drug for the next 5-6 hours, it can be difficult to focus the vision. When studying the fundus, inflammatory processes or other pathologies may be detected.

If you decide to check your eyes in an optics salon (they do it for free, subject to the purchase of glasses or lenses), ask what qualifications the specialist has, whether he has a certificate. It is better if the vision test and the selection of glasses are carried out in the same medical institution.

A complete review of all structures of the eye is carried out using computer diagnostics.

Based on the results of the examination, the doctor prescribes treatment or writes out a prescription for the purchase or manufacture of glasses, which indicates the following:

• the value of the optical power of the lens in diopters;
• distance between pupils;
• purpose of scoring.

Some prescriptions indicate additional measurements taken to fit individual single vision or progressive lenses: the height of the pupil center for each eye, the angle of the frame, the vertex distance (from the cornea to the lens), etc. eyes cause them to strain and dizziness.

Farsightedness and myopia

It is a mistake to assume that with farsightedness, a person sees very well into the distance. In fact, he sees distant objects better than close ones. But how good? With weakened or paralyzed internal muscles, the farsighted sees poorly from any distance. The loss of elasticity of the lens is felt early, the tension of the intraocular muscle cannot increase its optical power.

Over time, it becomes difficult to distinguish distant objects. How to choose glasses for vision with farsightedness? Plus glasses with diopters are suitable for correction, depending on the diagnosis.

The optimal distance from the lenses to the cornea should be 12 mm, otherwise they may change their optical effect.

With nearsightedness (myopia), a person sees objects that are close well and poorly those that are far away. The size of the eye in a healthy person is 23-24 mm, in myopic - up to 30 mm. With its strong elongation, the retina moves away from a stable focus location, so the image comes out blurry. The cause of constant myopia can also be an excess of the optical power of the lens and cornea that refracts light rays.

How to choose glasses for vision with myopia? Correction is carried out with the help of scattering (negative) optical glasses, which are thin in the center, thicker closer to the edges, and the more diopters, the greater the thickening.

What are lenses for myopia? Until recently, they were made only of glass, they were heavy, uncomfortable and unattractive, besides, they were suitable for a small number of frames. Today they are made light, with less rough edges. With mild to moderate myopia, durable plastic lenses or thinner polycarbonate lenses are chosen, and glasses are not constantly worn up to -3 diopters. They are worn only if necessary to clearly see objects located in the distance. With high myopia (from -6 diopters), you should choose glasses with lenses 1 value less than diagnosed, and wear them constantly.

This greatly reduces eye fatigue.

For vision correction, optics are made of high-index (high-refractive) materials. The higher the refractive index, the thinner the lens. With a high degree of myopia, the most suitable ones are made of high-index polymer materials with an anti-reflective coating that eliminates glare and increases light transmission.

Astigmatism

This is a common vision defect, the main symptom of which is a blurry image. Pathology is associated with uneven curvature of the lens or cornea of ​​​​the eye. How to choose the right glasses for astigmatism? For correction, special unevenly curved lenses are used, which do not look like spheres, but ovals, which are important to start wearing as early as possible, preferably in childhood, so that the functions of the eye are formed correctly. Without correction, complications may occur, such as strabismus or amblyopia.

Choosing glasses for astigmatism is a complex process. It happens that they are changed several times before they find the best option. Patients with a simple pathology, which is characterized by a refractive error in only one meridian, are prescribed glasses with cylindrical lenses. With a more complex degree of the disease - with toric ones, which have different optical powers in the vertical and horizontal directions. One value corrects astigmatism along the desired meridian, and the other corrects existing refractive pathologies - myopia or hyperopia.

To choose glasses for complex forms of astigmatism, especially for older people, you should contact experienced ophthalmologists. Adults tolerate mixed lenses with difficulty, therefore, for gradual adaptation, they are first prescribed weaker glasses, after 4-6 months - stronger ones. And only after perfect addiction, completely corrective glasses are prescribed. If you choose glasses incorrectly, the patient will experience dizziness, visual discomfort, and fatigue when wearing them.

When selecting lenses, the doctor uses a universal frame, which makes it possible to rotate the lenses and read the position of the cylinder axis.

The optical center of astigmatic glasses should be at the level of the middle of the eyes. Large frames and lenses can cause discomfort around the periphery of the lens. In the process of wearing, the frame can be deformed and cause a shift in the optical axes. As a result, glasses become uncomfortable. Therefore, they should be periodically adjusted by a specialist at the place of purchase. All prescriptions must be saved in order to be able to track the change in vision.

Glasses for children

Children's vision should be checked regularly in order to detect violations at an early stage. The child does not always complain about the fuzziness of the image, because he does not realize that he does not see as well as he should.

Ophthalmologists note that every year there are more children with poor eyesight, so the demand for glasses is growing. This trend is associated with a sharp increase in visual load. How to choose the right glasses for a child? The main conditions for children's corrective glasses are as follows:

• shock resistance - you should choose lenses made of polycarbonate and travex;
• protective coating against UV and glare;
• abrasion resistance.

Studies show that long-term exposure to blue light caused by artificial light sources can cause damage to the retina.

What glasses should a child with astigmatism have? Polycarbonate lenses are lightweight and inexpensive, but can be tricky to get used to as they have the most distortion. Therefore, it is better if plastic ones are picked up for the child. With this pathology, children wear glasses all the time, so it is very important that they are comfortable, with adjustable nose pads and temples, and the frame is an attractive bright color. If the child does not like the glasses, he will not want to wear them. Children should be taught to be careful with glasses.

Novelties in ophthalmology

To correct vision in patients with senile hyperopia, ophthalmologists have developed progressive glasses with variable focus. The optical power of the lenses varies from top to bottom: the upper part is suitable for distance, the lower one for close range. The lack of progressive glasses in peripheral distortion, which is present even in the most advanced of them.

Much more convenient are products with variable focus, which have fundamentally special designs.

For example, electronic progressive glasses, known to the world since 2011, which increase the addition by +0.75 D by tilting the head or touching the temple.

In Russia, glasses with adjustable diopters are allowed for sale: from +3 to -6. In the frame 2, the lenses fit snugly against each other and move freely when the wheel controls are rotated. In this way, you can correct the image for each eye individually in a few seconds. The body of the product is made of lightweight polycarbonate. Adaptive glasses can be purchased without a prescription, but you need to undergo an examination and get advice from an ophthalmologist. You should buy them only from official trusted distributors, as fakes are often found.

One of the new developments is hydraulic glasses, each lens of which is double, and the space between them is filled with liquid.

By changing the pressure using a special slider on the bridge of the frame, a clear image of close or distant objects is obtained. For example, for reading it is increased. The main advantage of hydraulic glasses is the absence of peripheral distortion.

For a narrow circle of users, they produce such special glasses:

1. For computer work. The lenses have a number of diopters 2 units less than the standard ones determined by the doctor, coated with a coating that protects the eyes from radiation. Suitable for those who work at the computer all day.
2. For drivers. Lenses with two photochromic layers, one of which darkens under the influence of ultraviolet light, and the other - under the influence of blue light. Glasses protect from bright sun and glare.
3. Sun protection. They should change only the brightness, but not the color rendering. In high-quality glasses, the lenses are marked indicating the degree of darkening. It is recommended by a doctor.

How to choose a frame?

In order for the lenses to hold well, the frame material must be of high quality. Among metal, titanium is the best for lightness, hypoallergenicity and strength. They are expensive. Attention should also be paid to products made of non-ferrous metal alloys. Their neutrality suits any style of clothing. Frames made of alloys containing nickel are varnished, which wears off over time, and the metal can cause irritation on the skin of the face.

Plastic frames hold lenses securely, but break easily and fade in the sun. Durable and durable carbon products. Rimless glasses, which are popular today, are almost invisible on the face. Fasteners in them are screws and fishing lines. Only plastic lenses are suitable for this type of glasses.

It is important that the bridge of the frame does not press on the bridge of the nose and fits the shape of the nose.

Wearers of progressive eyeglasses should choose movable nose pads that allow you to adjust the position of the lenses in relation to your eyes. The temples should not squeeze the area behind the ears.

The modern optics market offers such aesthetic frames that they can become a real decoration that emphasizes the image. It should be noted that oval, round or rimless glasses are most suitable for a square face. Glasses look ugly if their upper part is above the eyebrow line or the lower one touches the cheeks. A dark nose bridge visually brings the eyes closer together, a low bridge visually shortens the nose. An unfortunate choice - a massive frame on the face with small features. Narrow visually enlarges the cheeks. A well-chosen frame can emphasize the dignity of appearance, ennoble the face. Remember that glasses should be pleasant.

Hello, friends!

Modern technologies make life much easier, make our life much more interesting, provide new opportunities, but also bring some negative consequences.

So, the abundance of gadgets and the long time that we spend at screens and monitors reduce the sharpness of perception.

A visit to an ophthalmologist ends with a prescription for glasses. How to choose them correctly so as not to aggravate the situation, how can this accessory change and improve your image?

From this article you will learn

Diagnosis and examination

The reason that caused a decrease in the severity of perception may be a genetic predisposition.

A child, at least one of whose parents has problems in this area, will most likely have to correct their vision with optical devices.

Poor ecology, improper diet, injuries and some diseases contribute to the deterioration of the sharpness of the dawn. But, regardless of the reasons, before you buy, you should undergo an examination and get recommendations from a narrow-profile specialist.

The ophthalmologist will find out the state of the functioning of the organs of vision and write out a prescription for correction with the help of eyepieces. This is necessary both for those who first encountered this problem, and for those who have been wearing them for a long time, since after some time the parameters may change.

Incorrectly selected eyepieces can aggravate the situation, the ability to see will decrease, various uncomfortable sensations may occur, such as dizziness, loss of orientation, eyes and head will hurt, eye ailments occur, you get tired quickly.

Therefore, you should not buy such an important accessory on your own. Better entrust it to a specialist.

Modern equipment allows the ophthalmologist to accurately determine all the necessary parameters.

A narrower specialist (he is easy to find in large cities), an optometrist, measures all the necessary parameters, the main of which is the distance between the center of the pupils.

This is a very important nuance, since those made without taking into account this value focus incorrectly, which will lead to various negative consequences: from discomfort to reduced vision.

Depending on whether you have farsightedness or, conversely, with myopia, different lenses are prescribed. Be sure to clarify what exactly you need eyepieces for, as this also matters.

The most difficult is the selection of eyepieces when correction is required for both near and far vision, such combinations of needs require high class and experience.

It is also not easy to choose optical devices for astigmatism. Here glasses have their own characteristics that allow you to correct this pathology.

How to choose lenses?

Modern optics offers two types of lenses: glass and plastic. Which of them should be preferred?

Glass ones have a higher degree of refraction, which is better for health, but they are heavier than plastic ones.

This is an important quality if you have to wear them all the time. Glass ones are less prone to scratches, but plastic ones will not break into many small fragments.

At the same time, the strength of glass is much higher, and in the frame they look more sophisticated.

You should choose taking into account how long you will use the glasses, and try to pre-evaluate how you feel these or those lenses, there are individual preferences that you need to feel for yourself.

In the summer, it is better to give preference to glasses with a sun protection coating: they correct the vision and protect against the negative effects of ultraviolet radiation.

We select a frame

In order for eyeglasses to be effectively corrected, it is necessary to choose the right frame.

Because not only the quality of glasses affects the quality and comfort of wearing, but also other factors:

• the material from which it is made,
• an overview that gives
• form,
• ease,
• strength and other parameters.

Basically they are made of plastic, metal or combined. The plastic ones are the lightest and cheapest. At the same time, Kevlar and nylon are quite strong, but at the same time light. They have the widest range of colors.

Metal is made from alloys such that they do not cause irritation and allergies to the skin. They are very thin, but with everything - durable. The color scheme is also varied.

Today there is a demand for frames made of precious metals, so even such models are individually made.

Combined are in high demand. Parts that are subjected to the greatest load during operation are made of metal. Thus, they have achieved that they are durable, but at the same time light and comfortable to wear.

Accessory for image and beauty

Today, to improve the image, many people who have one hundred percent vision acquire "null" lenses - lenses that do not have diopters.

This is an accessory that successfully emphasizes the individuality of a person, changes the appearance, emphasizes the peculiarity of style, gives a sense of confidence and attractiveness.

Before you make your choice, try on a few to understand how this optical device changes the face and image as a whole. It is necessary to take into account not only the quality of the product, but also the color, shape.

For fair-haired, blue, gray, steel, greenish shades are most suitable. Brunettes - dark, gray, blue colors. And for those who have fiery hair, pale shades, golden, brown, olive, will suit their faces.

1. Multifocal professional. There are 3 segments (separate) in them at once: intermediate, for working near, for working at a distance. They can be used for presbyopia.
2. Monofocal. Provide good vision at a distance to the screen, providing a wider view. They affect the ciliary muscle, relaxing it, so tension goes away, a feeling of blurred vision.
3. Progressive professional. Similar to multifocal lenses, they also include 3 sections, only the transition between them is smooth. Another difference is the size of progressive lenses - they are much larger and it is this part that is used when working at a computer.

On the surface of each optics there is an anti-reflective coating, sometimes they are covered with a special film of orange or yellow colors (this makes them look like anti-headlights). The latter are convenient to use in offices with a lot of fluorescent lighting, as they additionally block the blue spectrum of rays, making the picture clearer due to better focusing.

Polarized lenses: how to choose?

A more familiar name for drivers is anti-headlights. They acquired it from the effect of polarization, i.e., "erasing" the glare of light from the headlights, giving a clear contour, absorbing excess sunlight. For most drivers, anti-headlights are a guarantee of safety on the road.

So, using anti-headlights, not all drivers understand that they actually use polarized glasses. Their structure is such that a special polarizing film is installed in the lenses, which removes horizontal rays, that is, those that are reflected from snow, water, and other surfaces. Conventional sun optics do not have a similar effect. Anti-headlights are designed only to prevent glare and reduce the headlights of oncoming cars; when using polarized lenses, the eyes suffer less. The images become clearer, the quality of vision is higher, and eye fatigue is practically not felt.

How to choose polarized glasses? First of all, you need to take into account the state of your own vision. If there is myopia or farsightedness, then the right choice is that they not only fit the face, but also correct vision. Often, optics with diopters are made to order, when it is known that a person has farsightedness or myopia, how these diseases have progressed. Lenses of this type can be conditionally classified into 3 categories:

• transparent glasses;
• in the light acquire a brown tint;
• chameleons that adapt to the lighting and take on different shades (usually brown, purple, yellow, transparent).

For a person who does not have vision problems, the question of how to choose polarized glasses is not worth it. In this case, it will be enough to choose any suitable brand with a special coating. The only difficulties in this case are the selection of a stable and optimal frame so that it fits the shape of the face and the choice of lens material (glass, polycarbonate). The price range is affordable, one copy can be purchased from 500-700 rubles or more.

In theory, glasses should not only improve vision, but also match the appearance, and ideally, even serve as decoration. Therefore, the question of how to choose glasses for vision is very relevant.

In practice, with the wrong choice of glasses, in which everything is perfectly visible, after a while they cause headaches and even fatigue. The simplest advice for a buyer is to ask a doctor for a prescription. But the doctor cannot know all the nuances, and the experience of choice comes to the buyer within a few years. How to choose eyeglasses?

How to choose the right eyeglasses?

Here is just a short list of what you should focus on when choosing:

• The material from which the lenses are made - (plastic or glass). This item affects the total weight of the glasses and the load on the bridge of the nose, as well as the cleanliness of the lens surface during the entire service life (the glass is less scratched). It is desirable to take into account the safety of plastic and resistance to impact when falling.
• Frame material: metal, plastic (reinforced). The metal frame is elegant and often emphatically thin, which, if the material is of poor quality, can be decisive for the service life.
• The nose pads are preferably made of silicone with sufficient softness and comfortable mobility. The temples should not put too much pressure on the temples.
• Spectacle lens index also plays a role. The higher it is, the less the thickness and curvature of the lens and the easier the selection of the frame. Glass lenses give a higher refractive index. They are preferred when the optical power of glasses is more than 4 diopters. Lenses with a low refractive index are used in children's glasses and rimless frames.
• The coating of spectacle lenses is also important. Photochromic changes the ability to let in light depending on the intensity of the light. Anti-reflective antireflection is useful for those who drive a car or work at a computer, as it reduces the discomfort from reflected radiation. Hydrophobic prevents dust and dirt from accumulating on the lenses.

How a doctor chooses glasses

How to choose glasses for vision is well known to the ophthalmologist, who should be visited before ordering them.

First, the center-to-center distance between the pupils is measured. To do this, measure the distance between the outer edge of the iris of the right eye and the inner edge of the iris of the left eye with a millimeter ruler.

For the selection of lenses, a set of glasses and a table of visual acuity are used. Lenses are selected separately for each eye. The patient is put on a special frame. The left eye is covered by a screen. A biconvex lens of 0.5 diopters is installed opposite the right one. Then the lenses are changed step by step until the best vision is achieved. They write out the strongest glass with which there was the best vision.

If vision is not clear with convex lenses, use concave lenses, starting at 0.5 diopters and gradually increasing the strength of the glass. They write out the weakest concave glass, with which there was a clear vision.

If glasses do not suit you at all, and you want to forget about glasses and lenses forever, we recommend M.S. Norbekov.

It's no secret to anyone that glasses - this is not only a necessary thing for people with poor eyesight, but also a rather stylish accessory that always emphasizes the style and originality of a person.

What should be kept in mind when buying this item? This and other questions will be discussed in the article. So let's get started!

Remember: In order to find the right glasses for your eyes, you first need to visit an ophthalmologist and have a full consultation with a doctor. As you know, only he is able to tell you how to choose the right glasses for vision, suitable for a particular person.

The doctor will indicate what type of lenses you need, write out a prescription, and then, guided by all the recommendations, you will purchase the glasses you like yourself.

Glasses with holes to improve vision

For a short-term improvement in vision, you can purchase the so-called "".
They allow you to see everything around much more clearly due to the effect of focusing your vision through small holes arranged in a certain order on black plastic lenses.

With these glasses you can watch TV, do small chores around the house. However, their effectiveness, as improving vision, has not been proven. In addition, eyeglasses with holes are not intended for patients with progressive.

Convenience

Remember that glasses fit you or not - you need to decide based not only on the appearance of this accessory, but also on other points that will be listed below.

1. Take care of buying "second eyes" that sit comfortably on the bridge of your nose. If the frame puts even a little pressure on the bridge of the nose or temples, then it definitely does not suit you. You should also take care of the soft pads for the bridge of the nose. They will help to properly fix the glasses and prevent them from slipping when you turn your head sharply.
2. Unfortunately, not all people have a perfectly symmetrical face. In order for the glasses to look at least nice on your face, they should not “sit” crookedly.
3. Good, and most importantly, properly selected glasses should hide the existing flaws and emphasize all the advantages of your face.

Important! Incorrectly chosen glasses with poor-quality frames and temples can provoke constant headaches, irritability and eye fatigue. The first thing you should promise yourself before buying glasses is to try not to skimp on the convenience and quality of the accessory. High-quality lenses and frames simply cannot be cheap, given that such a thing is usually bought for years.

Eyeglass size

Good glasses on the inside of the temple have their own (original) sizes and parameters. As a rule, the sizes of points are divided into the following parameters:

1. The width of the spectacle aperture - this parameter is especially important for the correct selection of lenses
2. Bridge width - the distance between the eyes
3. Support width
4. Headphone length

Remember: so that the glasses look very aesthetically pleasing on your face and emphasize all the advantages - choose a frame according to the type of your face. As a rule, a large frame is able to completely hide all the existing imperfections of the face, which cannot be said about a miniature one.

frame material

Frame materials can be of the following three types:

1. metal
2. plastic
3. Combined

Hair and clothing selection

How to choose a frame shape? The right choice of glasses depends not only on the shape and features of your face, but also on the hairstyle / style of clothing that you prefer to wear.

As with any other element of clothing or style, it can take a lot of time to choose the right, and most importantly, completely suitable glasses for you. To choose the right glasses for yourself, you need to be guided by all the moments and nuances of your lifestyle, clothing style, hairstyle, etc.

Advice: If you want to get one pair of glasses that will perfectly match almost any outfit, then make sure that they are made in black, nude-beige or gray edging. It is gray, beige, black shades that are the most unique and practical for any frame.

Conclusion

As you could understand, choosing the right glasses can sometimes be very difficult, but guided by all the above tips, you can easily get glasses that will delight you with their uniqueness and originality day after day, as well as emphasize all the beauty and all the advantages of your face .

Also, if you are looking for glasses for vision, and not an ordinary accessory, then you should not forget about contacting an ophthalmologist. This doctor will help and pick up glasses so that the eyes do not get tired, and the eyepieces perform their main task.