The first signs of a heart attack in women and men - how to provide first aid, treatment and consequences. How does a heart attack go?

First aid for a heart attack allows you to temporarily eliminate the threat to the life of the patient until qualified support is provided to him. First aid for a heart attack is provided to the victim if there are certain symptoms of the disease. How to recognize them for an ordinary person? How and what to do with a heart attack?

Symptoms of the disease

In order to help a patient who has a heart disease that manifests itself in the form of an attack, you need to know that there are two forms of this phenomenon:

Painful kind of injury.
Painless type of illness.

They are characterized by various features. The manifestation of a heart attack in a painful form can cause the following symptoms:

Sudden pain syndrome of a compressive nature on the left side of the chest.
Burning pain in the heart muscle.
Pressing, paroxysmal soreness behind the sternum or in the left side of the body, lasting from 3 to 5 minutes.
The pain syndrome can be given to the hand (left).
Sometimes soreness can occur under the left shoulder blade or hit the neck from the side of the heart muscle.
In some cases, a heart attack causes pain in the upper abdomen.

If there is no pain, then the attack manifests itself in the following form:

The patient has severe shortness of breath.
The person complains about the lack of air.
There are interruptions in the work of the heart muscle.
The patient is rapidly weakening.
The patient may become dizzy.
In some cases, a heart attack can be recognized by a single vomiting.

All of the above phenomena can occur individually or in combination with each other. When they appear, you must immediately provide first aid to the patient, otherwise a fatal outcome may occur.

Ways of temporary relief

What to do in the event of a heart attack? If the symptoms listed above are present, then even with mild or moderate manifestations of the disease, lasting no more than 5 minutes, an ambulance should be urgently called.

The patient in this position is forbidden to get up, walk, smoke, drive a car, drink alcohol. You can not eat anything until the doctor allows it.

If there is a doctor nearby, then you need to follow his instructions, and if he is not there, then you can use the following instructions:

Remember the start time of the attack.
Measure the patient's pulse, heart rate and, if possible, blood pressure.
The victim must be seated or laid on a sofa (bed). In this case, be sure to raise the headboard.
If the attack occurred indoors, it is recommended to open the window, unfasten the patient's collar.
Give the patient an aspirin. He must chew and swallow the tablet. This drug should not be given if the patient cannot tolerate it or has already used it that day. It is also forbidden to use aspirin for stomach and duodenal ulcers.
After aspirin, give nitroglycerin tablets - it is placed under the tongue and absorbed. If this medicine is available in capsules, then it is chewed, but not swallowed. This medicine can also be in the form of a spray, then a dose is injected under the tongue. There is no need to inhale. If, after using nitroglycerin, the patient developed severe weakness, excessive sweating, he complained of severe pain in the head, shortness of breath appeared, then the victim should be urgently laid down and his legs raised (for example, a pillow is placed under them). After that, the patient should be given a glass of cold water. No more nitroglycerin. This drug should not be used for low blood pressure, sudden weakness, severe headache, severe loss of vision, speech, dizziness, or incoordination.
If the patient's condition after the measures taken has improved within 5 minutes, then you must wait for the arrival of an ambulance. The patient should be limited in physical activity.
If the pain does not disappear after 10-15 minutes, then you need to give the patient nitroglycerin a second time, and then wait for the ambulance to arrive. In the absence of the above medications and the patient has a pain syndrome for more than 5 minutes, you should immediately call an ambulance.
If the pain does not stop after the second dose of nitroglycerin, then after 10 minutes you need to take the third, and then wait for an ambulance.

All these activities must be carried out without panic and haste.

Their main purpose is to alleviate the condition of a person with a heart attack.

Naturally, it is impossible to cure it at such a time, since only a cardiologist can make a correct diagnosis after examining the patient. Therefore, the main task is to wait for an ambulance.

Additional measures

A person who suffers from any kind of heart disease should always wear nitroglycerin and aspirin. In some cases, this can save him from sudden death. An increased risk of an attack due to damage to the heart muscle is in people who drink alcohol, smokers. The risk group includes people exposed to stress, having high cholesterol levels in the blood, athletes, etc.

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A heart attack is not a diagnosis, but a variant of the course of one of the diseases of the cardiovascular system with temporary manifestations. The paroxysmal nature of the disease is always dangerous, since the symptoms appear suddenly, do not depend on the time and location of the patient, and significantly complicate the provision of medical care.

Severe seizures can occur in a passerby on the street, in a summer cottage, in a store. The life of the victim depends on how familiar the surrounding people are with the rules of first aid. Because, in any case, such manifestations serve as a signal of a serious trouble in the state of the heart.

The clinical picture is not always typical. Sometimes manifestations of osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine, muscle pain in intercostal neuralgia, diaphragmatic hernia, gastric ulcer, acute pancreatitis or cholecystitis are masked as heart attacks.

Why does an attack occur

The causes of a heart attack are malnutrition of the heart muscle (myocardium) due to spasm or narrowing of the coronary vessels. The worst cause is complete thrombosis of the vessel with the cessation of blood flow to the area of \u200b\u200bmuscle tissue. This causes acute necrosis (necrosis), myocardial infarction.

Pathological changes occur when:

atherosclerosis with the deposition of plaques of cholesterol, narrowing and thrombosis of the arteries;
increased blood pressure;
sudden nervous shock (both from negative emotions and joy), fright.

Significantly increased risk of heart attack in patients with cardiac arrhythmias, especially those suffering from paroxysms of atrial fibrillation or tachycardia, in patients with defects. In such cases, the required amount of blood does not enter the coronary vessels.

First aid is provided by work colleagues, passers-by

Heat, stuffiness, exercise, overeating, drinking alcohol, smoking can provoke a heart attack.

Who gets seizures

The risk of a heart attack increases during an unstable course of diseases, in the off-season, with high atmospheric pressure. Statistics show that seizures are most susceptible to:

middle-aged men (40-60 years old);
having excess weight;
people who do not want to give up smoking and alcohol;
hypertension "with experience";
persons suffering from ischemic heart disease;
patients with initial manifestations of heart failure;
sensitive natures who do not tolerate stressful situations;
persons who arbitrarily stop taking medications.

Characteristics of typical heart pain

In another way, such pains are called "angina pectoris", angina pectoris.

There is a feeling of pressure behind the sternum or on the left, due to pressing pain, the patient cannot take a deep breath.
Irradiates to the left shoulder, shoulder blade, less often to the throat, lower jaw.
Associated with exercise, the condition improves at rest.
There is a feeling of lack of air, the patient cannot lie down, tries to sit up, gasps for air.
Quite often interruptions of a rhythm disturb.
There is a pallor of the face, cold sweat.
Accompanied by a feeling of fear of death.
Lasts from 5 minutes to half an hour.

If the attack depends on physical activity, this form is referred to. In a more severe variant, paroxysmal pain occurs at night, without any load. This is rest angina. A change in the form of seizures indicates a possible pre-infarction condition and requires prompt treatment.

Other manifestations of an attack

Symptoms of a heart attack differ depending on the underlying disease that caused it. The main symptom is always pain in the region of the heart.

Atypical symptoms are:

The maximum localization of pain to the right of the sternum, in the epigastric region, in the throat. It is not uncommon for patients to soar in the bathroom, believing that they have a cold or cause vomiting, being sure of their poisoning.
Pain may be completely absent. The main manifestation is sudden suffocation. Unlike an attack of bronchial asthma, a person cannot inhale (bronchospasm causes a violation of exhalation, a whistle is heard at a distance).
Against the background of stabbing, rather than pressing pains, a sharp weakness appears.

Attack with hypertension

In the cardiac course of hypertension, pain in the heart occurs during each hypertensive crisis. This condition is characterized by:

simultaneous headaches in the back of the head or crown;
dizziness;
noise in ears;
muscle tremors;
visual impairment;
nausea and vomiting;
paresthesia ("goosebumps") on the skin of the hands and feet;
excitation or, conversely, lethargy of consciousness.

Without assistance, the crisis clinic lasts from several hours to a day.

Symptoms suggestive of non-cardiac causes

You should not try to take heart remedies if you have the following symptoms:

the pain is short-term, stabbing, goes away on its own;
increases with deep breathing, movement of the torso, arms;
there is pain on pressure along the lower edge of the costal arch;
at the same time there is heartburn, belching, a tendency to loose stools;
constant aching pain, not dependent on physical activity.

With such symptoms, there is more data to suggest osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine, intercostal neuralgia, chest trauma, stomach problems, cardioneurosis.

When to think about a heart attack

It's good when adults know that the threat of death from myocardial infarction, unfortunately, is not decreasing. The possibility of a heart attack is indicated by an increase in angina attacks. But a sudden development of the disease is also possible if a thrombus blocked a large vessel and a large mass of the heart muscle was immediately excluded from the working regime.

A person who has had angina pectoris will not confuse it with any other attack.

Main signs:

pain is localized behind the sternum;
the intensity is much greater than with a normal attack, patients describe them as "dagger, burning";
give to the left shoulder blade, shoulder joint (as in angina pectoris);
pallor, blueness on the lips appears;
clammy cold sweat on forehead;
last more than half an hour;
their intensity does not depend on physical activity;
pain cannot be relieved with a nitroglycerin tablet.

Atypical manifestations are possible: fainting, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain.

How to help with a heart attack

First aid for a heart attack can be decisive in the fight for a person's life.

From suffocation, people themselves unbutton their clothes

An ambulance must be called as soon as possible.
Lay the person down with the head section raised.
Unbutton a tight belt, collar, tie.
Indoors, provide air access, fanning in the heat.
If it is possible to measure blood pressure and an increase is recorded, then ask the patient if he carries the necessary medicines with him. Doctors orient hypertensive patients to the constant presence of drugs with a vasodilating effect. This tablet should be kept in the mouth until dissolved.
If others or in the home medicine cabinet have nitroglycerin, it is necessary to give it to the patient.
You can offer to chew and swallow, washed down with water, 2 aspirin tablets. Be sure to tell the emergency doctor about this.
The setting of the mustard plaster on the region of the heart is shown.

Do not leave the patient alone until the arrival of a team of specialists. They know what to do in case of a heart attack, take an ECG, and conduct an initial diagnosis.

Treatment

Further treatment of a heart attack is carried out on an outpatient basis (in the absence of suspicions of) or in a hospital (if there is a lot of data in the clinical course and examination results that allow diagnosing a pre-infarction condition or a heart attack is clearly confirmed).

A popular fast-acting drug for relieving heart pain

It is imperative that for a short time it will be necessary to reduce physical activity to a minimum, to observe bed rest. This is the only way to give your heart a rest. This does not mean a ban on exercises for the hands and feet. Do everything at a slow pace.

A little unloading and salt restriction will not interfere with nutrition. Foods that cause fermentation (meat, legumes, whole milk) are not recommended in the coming days so that the diaphragm does not rise.

For "abusive" there is reason to seriously think about their health. Often it is a heart attack with an experienced fear of death that changes a person for the better.

It is mandatory to carry out a general blood test, biochemical tests for transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase, ECG with control after a few days.

Long-acting nitro-containing drugs, drugs that reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, and anticoagulants are used in the treatment.

Hypertensive patients need to adjust the dosage of the drugs taken, the initial appointment and the selection of the optimal treatment, if high blood pressure was not previously determined.

People who have had a heart attack should not despair. It should be treated as a requirement of the body to pay more attention to itself.

Heart attacks: causes, signs and types, first aid and withdrawal

The name "heart attack" can hide a wide range of pathological conditions caused by diseases of the heart and blood vessels, which periodically or systematically remind themselves of themselves in this way, even despite the fact that the patient is constantly taking treatment. These are life-threatening attacks, etc. Sometimes a heart attack occurs in people who, in general, are not very sick, but not very healthy either, whose nervous system is especially sensitive to any influences. This group includes patients diagnosed with her characteristic panic attacks and adjustment disorders.

The reason for them may be:

, which is usually preceded by unstable angina;
, often developing as a result of a sedentary lifestyle in old age, thrombophlebitis of the venous vessels of the legs;
Exfoliating that occurs at any age against the background of arterial hypertension;
, formed as a result of a weakening of the contractility of the heart, the cause of which could be various diseases of the cardiovascular system (arterial hypertension, atherosclerotic, aortic defects, etc.)

All these diseases can complement each other, exist in isolation, but each of them can be asymptomatic or atypical, which is why the concept of “heart attack” is so widely used and it’s good, because a person who does not have a medical education will be able to explain the essence of the problem in a nutshell.

You don't have to be a doctor to distinguish a life-threatening attack from a condition that requires the use of sedatives, you just need to know the symptoms of a heart attack well. Life is such that any of us can find ourselves in a situation where another person needs help, and conscience will not allow to pass by, because myocardial infarction at the beginning of its development (until a diagnosis is made) is also called a heart attack.

Real heart attack

pain with a heart attack, which are based on the death of myocardial cells resulting from the closure of a vessel by a thrombus, or a sharp spasm of arterial vessels, leading to a violation of the blood supply to the heart muscle (ischemia), quite long (up to half an hour). In addition, they are distinguished by a special intensity, and seizure relief with nitroglycerin or other drugs by mouth, usually has no effect , do not alleviate suffering by changing the position of the body, access to fresh air, ammonia and rest.

In addition to pain, the course of a heart attack, depending on its cause, may be accompanied or expressed by other symptoms:

A feeling of fear and anxiety (), forcing the patient to take a motionless frozen posture with a reflection of horror in the eyes.

Strong palpitations and / or heart rhythm disturbances.

Unpleasant sensations behind the sternum, in the arm, in the back and neck.

Feeling short of breath, shortness of breath, general weakness.

Vertigo, nausea, heaviness in the epigastrium, as if food were stuck, sometimes with heartburn and/or vomiting.

Sweating, pallor or cyanosis (cyanosis) of the skin, possibly a decrease in the temperature of the extremities.

It is not out of place to focus on such a heart attack, which is called a "silent heart attack", which proceeds almost imperceptibly, without any symptoms and can happen to each of us, but patients who suffer are more prone to such MI.

What to do in case of a heart attack?

It is better for the sick person to do nothing, it is advisable to call someone to have another person provide first aid for a heart attack.

In such situations, one must keep in mind the likelihood of myocardial infarction, therefore, tactics should be appropriate:

Measurement of pulse (number of beats, rhythm, filling, tension) and (if there is a tonometer);

under the tongue;

An urgent call on 103, starting with the words "heart attack", because with a heart attack, and other similar conditions, every minute counts.

Of course, heart problems can catch a person in any place where there is no apparatus for measuring blood pressure and nitroglycerin, so the very first aid for a heart attack should be to let the emergency medical workers know about the patient as soon as possible.

Call 103 - heart attack

A person who calls an ambulance about a heart attack cannot be accused of going out of his way and making a diagnosis. What kind of attack - the doctors will figure it out, and the spoken words have a magical effect: the station dispatcher knows that a catastrophe has occurred, the patient's serious condition is urgent, therefore, a cardio team is required. Sometimes it is these words that save lives, so it would be appropriate to briefly touch on some emergency cases that are difficult to diagnose in the first minutes.

The threat to human life is: an attack of shortness of breath, proceeding according to the type, can quickly transform into pulmonary edema or develop into in case of extensive myocardial infarction. An attack of tachycardia with a gallop rhythm, as a rule, complements the phenomena of suffocation. Patients suffering chronic heart failure, know what palpitations and painful sensations of acute lack of air are, accompanied by anxiety, sweating, cyanosis, they must constantly keep all the necessary medicines nearby, but, meanwhile, they are always very frightened, because in most cases these attacks “grab” at night. Needless to say, for people who are nearby, these phenomena will have the significance of a heart attack, which requires immediate call for an ambulance.

Video: help with an attack - myocardial infarction

Attack of the heartbeat, unusual in frequency and rhythm, arising against the background of some kind of cardiac pathology, often have to be attributed to heart attacks and life-threatening conditions. Patients who are often visited by attacks of arrhythmia also take heaps of drugs, they know when and what they themselves try not to take to the extreme or to remove an arrhythmia attack on their own (taking antiarrhythmic drugs, β-blockers). But ... anything happens, and when the situation gets out of control of the patient, he calls an "ambulance", which deals with the relief of an attack at the patient's home.

What is done for arrhythmias?

There are various types of arrhythmias, dangerous and not very dangerous, for example, if not everyone, then many have heard about such a rhythm disorder as atrial fibrillation. For the first time, an attack of this kind of arrhythmia frightens the patient, he feels that something terrible is happening to his heart, so the best solution would be to urgently seek medical help. In addition, this condition usually requires hospitalization. Of course, by calling 103, a person will report that he is having a heart attack.

An ambulance doctor can relieve an arrhythmia attack with the help of antiarrhythmic drugs, It is better for the patient and his relatives not to do this. An individual approach is needed here, drugs that restore the rhythm have their own indications and contraindications, and there is no single algorithm for stopping an attack of all arrhythmias. Usually, in such cases, verapamil is used, which is administered intravenously, and along the way, the issue of hospitalization in a specialized hospital is decided.

As for the attack of tachycardia, the patient usually copes with it himself with the help of β-blockers, for example. However, such self-activity is possible if the cause is known, the diagnosis is established and treatment is prescribed, otherwise, you need to consult a doctor.

Clue in the nature of pain

Sometimes it is really very difficult to distinguish between heart pain, and, accordingly, a heart attack from pain of another origin, including cardiac, but there are still differences:

gender, age, atherosclerosis

Probably, angina pectoris is one of the most frequent "affairs of the heart", more than half of people with problems of the cardiovascular system suffer from this disease. arterial vessels in general, and, in particular, is the main cause of the development of angina pectoris, the clinical expression of which can be considered a heart attack.

insufficiency of blood supply to the myocardium due to blockage of the coronary arteries with the risk of formation and occurrence of a heart attack

Heart failure in patients with atherosclerosis is formed when there is a disproportion between the needs of the heart muscle in oxygen and the possibilities of blood circulation in the arterial vessels of the heart. This is especially pronounced if a person receives additional physical activity, and the heart has to work hard to provide the tissues of the body with the necessary substances. The situation will be complicated by the insufficiency of detours with which the body could compensate for the violation of blood flow. In addition, a negative effect in this case is given by factors that negatively affect the arteries of the heart:

In the systole phase (myocardial contraction), the loaded heart muscle compresses the small arterial vessels, obstructing their blood flow.

Increased end-diastolic volume, increased pressure in the LV (left ventricle), reduced myocardial contractility leads to increased pressure within the heart muscle.

Symptoms of a heart attack stem from the formed coronary insufficiency. Due to the imbalance between the transport of oxygen with the blood and the need of the heart muscle for it, the myocardium begins to experience oxygen starvation and, under conditions of hypoxia, responds with ischemia. This should be remembered by people at risk for myocardial infarction (gender, age, weight, excessive exercise, bad habits, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis).

Attack with unchanged vessels

It should be noted that signs of an angina attack are not excluded in people with unchanged heart vessels.

"Seize the heart" can in other cases:

Increased production of physiologically active substances (catecholamines) and their accumulation in the myocardium during psycho-emotional and / or physical stress causes the heart to work intensively which is manifested by rapid heartbeat. Under conditions of stress on the heart muscle, the myocardium requires an additional volume of oxygen, which cannot be delivered due to vasospasm and blood flow disturbance caused by catecholamines. These active substances include the so-called "hormone of fear" - adrenaline, the production of which is sometimes provoked by the patients themselves - lovers of all kinds of extreme sports. Contributes to a strong heartbeat, attacks of shortness of breath and angina pectoris another hormone of the adrenal glands - norepinephrine, called the "hormone of rage", which is actively synthesized during stress. People with vegetative-vascular dystonia are very familiar with paroxysms caused by the influence of the sympathetic-adrenal system. They are distinguished by a variety of symptoms and are often classified as a panic attack: the vessels are clean, the heart is healthy, and signs of an angina attack are evident.

Under the influence of the sympathetic-adrenal system, activation of coagulation factors of hemostasis. When there is no agreement in the processes of coagulation and anticoagulation, the prerequisites are created for the formation of disseminated intravascular coagulation (), which further exacerbates coronary insufficiency, if it occurs, and contributes to the development of myocardial ischemia.

If the movement of blood along the microcirculatory bed encounters an obstacle on its way, then it goes around along the lateral vessels (collaterals). This adaptive mechanism exists in case of unforeseen circumstances and is especially developed in women, which is programmed by nature (pregnancy, childbirth), and the male gender is considered a risk factor. Women are protected by collaterals, however, for the time being, until hormonal function fades with the onset of menopause. After 60 years, both sexes are equally likely to get a heart attack. Underdevelopment of collaterals(workarounds) reduces the body's defenses, and a heart attack will come faster in such people compared with patients who are all right in this regard. Clearly, young women of reproductive age benefit.

If a person is lucky, then during a heart attack, a sudden onset of acute coronary insufficiency can turn on mechanisms that compensate for blood circulation and thereby prevent the formation of an ischemic focus. In an attempt to adapt to circumstances, existing fistulas are revealed, and new ones are urgently formed. In addition, the myocardium tries to supplement the supply of oxygen by increasing its extraction from the arterial blood. However The “coronary supply” is not bottomless, and as it depletes, the symptoms of a heart attack become more and more pronounced.

Video: heart attack - myocardial infarction in the program "Live Healthy!"

Speaking about a heart attack and methods of dealing with it, you need to understand that this is a pathological condition caused by an acute lack of blood supply to the heart muscle.

Therefore, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, heart failure - all this can be attributed to heart attacks.

A simple person (not a doctor) will not be able to distinguish one condition from another by symptoms, but first aid for a heart attack at home for all these diagnoses will be identical.

How to determine a heart attack at home?

Pain in the sternum. It is most often pressing, less often burning. The pain can radiate to the left side: to the shoulder, shoulder girdle, neck, and sometimes even to the lower jaw on the left.

Dyspnea- frequent shallow breathing.

pale skin, cold sweat.

If at least one of the three symptoms is observed, the person’s task is to call an ambulance as soon as possible.

Knowing how to recognize a heart attack can possibly save a life. A heart attack is a serious matter, here the time for saving a human life goes by seconds.

Many people are interested in: "How does a heart attack begin?". It usually arises unexpectedly, which is why many people get lost, do not know what to do.

In addition to the three main symptoms, weakness, nausea or vomiting, arrhythmia, and dizziness appear against the background of a heart attack.

Such an unpleasant problem for many people as a panic attack (a malfunction of the nervous system), some confuse with a heart attack.

According to the symptoms, a panic attack is really similar to a heart attack - lack of air, anxiety, a feeling that the heart is about to jump out of the chest. How not to confuse these problems and start treatment of the existing heart pathology in time?

With a heart attack, pain in the chest area can be given to the arm, back, neck. It can be long-term (from 10 minutes to several hours or even days). The intensity of pain can change - then it subsides, then it becomes active again.

In a panic attack, chest pain usually resolves within 10 to 15 minutes.. At the same time, a person experiences a strong fear, for example, because he might die or go crazy.

But a panic attack is not a disease at all, it is a mental attack, which indicates that the nervous system is very tired. Panic attacks occur in people aged 20-50 as a result of stress or phobias.

If you don’t know for sure what happened to you: a heart attack or a panic attack, then urgently call an ambulance. A routine electrocardiogram will definitely show the presence of heart problems.

If these are not found, then the cause of chest pain lies in nervous disorders. In this case, you will have to treat panic attacks with antidepressants.

Often in life there are cases when a person has a heart attack, and there are no relatives, friends or just strangers nearby who could at least call an ambulance.

In this case, many patients are lost, with an attack they are waiting for the continuation. But at this time they themselves can help themselves, save their lives.

How to relieve a heart attack at home if no one is around?

First you need to pull yourself together and remember that you have only 5 (!) minutes left to do something, then you can just faint and not regain consciousness.

Therefore, you need to act quickly:

Step 1: Start coughing

The patient must cough: take air into the lungs as much as possible and begin to actively cough with a frequency of 1-2 seconds.

In this case, the blood begins to be actively saturated with oxygen, and by compressing the chest, you will thereby help the heart pump blood better.

Step 2. Call an ambulance

Give your address, phone number, intercom code, the problem you are contacting.

Be sure to open the front door so that medical personnel can freely enter the apartment.

Calling an ambulance, we must not forget about such a technique as a cough. You need to cough constantly, without stopping until the ambulance arrives.

Step 3. Rubbing peroxide into the heart area

Pour a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide into the palm of your hand, rub the drug into the heart area. The pain should subside a bit.

If you suspect that a relative or friend has this problem, then you need to help him immediately. What to do in case of a heart attack, what actions of an outsider will help save the life of the patient:

If, after all of the above actions, the patient feels a little better, his breathing is restored, an acute attack of pain has passed and you are waiting for an emergency team, then during this time it is advisable for the person helping the victim to prepare:

medicines that a person took the day before - put them in a prominent place so that the ambulance doctor can see what the patient was drinking;

a list of those drugs to which a person has an allergic reaction;

find his medical card, any medical documents - certificates, extracts, results of previous cardiograms, as well as a passport.

What is absolutely impossible to do?

A person with a heart attack is prohibited from:

perform any physical activity - walking, getting up, etc .;

eat food, drink coffee;

smoke;

give any pills, drugs, if the person is unconscious.

Not only will you know how to help a person with a heart attack, it is important to act now. And for this, it is necessary to do the following before the possible start of the problem:

Knowing how to provide emergency care at home to a person with a heart attack increases the chances of a positive outcome.

But if a person is confused, does not know what actions to take, then this can lead to the death of a sick relative, friend, colleague, etc.

An obligatory step in case of a heart attack is to call an ambulance team, which will help relieve the attack, perform the necessary resuscitation and therapeutic measures to save the patient's life.

Signs of a heart attack are the appearance of pain in the chest area, which can radiate to the left arm, shoulder blade, hands, left half of the neck and lower jaw, to both arms, to the shoulders, upper abdomen. The pain can be pressing, squeezing, burning or bursting intense. If the pain is characterized as stabbing, cutting, aching, aggravated by a change in body position or breathing, then it is impossible to talk about making an accurate diagnosis of a heart attack. Often the pain can be accompanied by weakness, shortness of breath, severe sweating. The pain is felt for more than 5 minutes.

3. Give the patient aspirin and nitroglycerin. If there is a sharp weakness, sweating, shortness of breath or a sharp headache after taking nitroglycerin, the patient should be laid down, legs raised (on a pillow, roller, etc.), give 1 glass of water, and no longer take the medicine. When the pain disappears and the condition improves after taking the medicine, it is necessary to call a doctor and follow his instructions;

4. If the pain persists, then you still need to take nitroglycerin and call an ambulance. If 10 minutes after taking nitroglycerin for the second time, the pain does not subside, then you need to take it a third time.

What not to do with a heart attack

1. A person with a heart attack should not get up, walk, smoke, eat food until the permission of the doctor;

2. If there is intolerance to aspirin or it was taken already on that day, then it should not be taken. Also, aspirin should be excluded if peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum is clearly exacerbated;

3. If the blood pressure is low, if there is a sharp weakness, sweating, as well as severe headache, dizziness, acute impairment of speech, vision or coordination of movements, then you can not take nitroglycerin.
Waiting for the ambulance

While you are waiting for the ambulance to arrive, provide first aid: make sure that the patient is sitting or lying down. Release the patient from tight clothing, do not leave him unattended until the doctors arrive.

It is more difficult to provide first aid for a heart attack if a person has lost consciousness. First of all, you need to check the pulse and breathing. To do this, you need to approach the cheek to the mouth and nose of the patient, feel his breath and at the same time you need to follow the movements of the chest. Try to feel the pulse on the carotid artery, which is located just under the jaw on the side of the neck.

If the person's heart has stopped and you can't feel their breathing, you should perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Performing an indirect body massage, even without skills, you can save a person's life. If CPR is not performed, then the chances of a person surviving a cardiac arrest decrease by 7-10% every minute. Thanks to chest compressions done in time, you can double or even triple the chances of resuming the work of the heart.