The main secrets of the Romanov dynasty. Royal blood: how the youngest descendants of the Romanovs live

"Dynastic" disputes within the modern monarchist movement in Russia are formally based on different interpretations of a number of historical facts from the point of view of their compliance with the legislation of the Russian Empire.

The law on succession to the throne was first issued in Russia by Emperor Paul I in 1797 (before that, either the eldest son of the previous sovereign, or the person named by him as heir in his will, was considered the legitimate heir to the throne). With some additions (introduced, in particular, in 1820), the law of 1797 was in force until the fall of the monarchy in 1917.

The legitimate heir to the throne must satisfy several rules, one of which is descent from "equal marriage" included in the Succession to the Throne Law in 1820 following the Austrian model. At the same time, the heir to the throne must be or become Orthodox (at present, of the possible foreign applicants for the legacy of the House of Romanov, only Serbian, Bulgarian, Romanian and Greek princes are Orthodox; German, Spanish and English - of course, are Catholics or Protestants). Princess Sophia of Greece had rights to the Russian throne before her conversion to Catholicism and marriage to Juan Carlos of Spain; her rights passed to her and Juan Carlos's children and grandchildren - theoretically, they can receive the Russian throne, provided they convert to Orthodoxy and waive their rights to the Spanish crown.

Monarchists - supporters of strict observance of the Law of Succession, are called legitimists.

Unlike the legitimists, the conciliar monarchists - supporters of the election of the tsar at the All-Russian Zemsky Sobor - believe that the conditions in the country have changed so much that it is no longer possible to strictly follow all the imperial laws. In their opinion, it is necessary to return to a tradition older than the post-Petrine legislation - namely, to the Zemsky Sobor, which can decide which of the laws of the Russian Empire (including legislation related to issues of succession to the throne) must be observed at all costs, and which ones can be ignored or corrected. The most radical individuals even allow the choice of a new dynasty (the proposed options: the offspring of Rurik, the grandson of Stalin, the grandson of Marshal Zhukov), but the majority still recognize the Sobor oath of 1613 to the House of Romanov and are inclined to exclude, first of all, the rule of descent from an equal marriage (as "alien to Russian tradition" and - most importantly - undermining the rights of all or almost all possible non-foreign applicants), as well as to the consideration at the Zemsky Sobor of the preferential rights and human qualities of the descendants of the Romanov family, including descendants from unequal marriages.

Among the possible contenders, Tikhon and Gury Kulikovsky (sons of Nicholas II's sister Olga) were most often called "soborniks" in the old days. However, Tikhon Kulikovsky died on April 8, 1993, and even earlier, in the 80s, his brother Gury died.

ROMANOVA Maria Vladimirovna, Grand Duchess, Head of the Imperial House of Romanov, Locum Tenens of the Russian Throne

Great-great-granddaughter of Alexander II. Her father, Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich (1917-1992) - the son of Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich (1876-1938) and cousin of Nicholas II - headed the Russian imperial house for 54 years and was considered by legitimist monarchists as the locum tenens of the throne. Grandfather - Kirill Vladimirovich - in 1922 declared himself locum tenens of the throne, and in 1924 he took the title of Emperor of All Russia ("Kirill I"). In 1905, against the will of Nicholas II, Kirill Vladimirovich married his cousin, Princess Victoria-Melita (1878-1936), who in her first marriage was married (in 1894-1903) to Ernst Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt - native brother of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, wife of Nicholas II. After a divorce (because of the "unnatural inclinations of the duke", which was not known before marriage), Victoria-Melita married Cyril in 1905. The marriage of Cyril and Victoria was not recognized by Nicholas for the first time and was legalized by a royal personal decree only in 1907, after the birth of their first daughter, Maria.

Mother of Maria Vladimirovna - Grand Duchess Leonida Georgievna (1914), nee Princess Bagrationi-Mukhranskaya, belongs to the Georgian royal house, was married to Vladimir Kirillovich by a second marriage (the first husband was an American businessman of Scottish origin Sumner Moore Kirby, who participated in the French Resistance and died in German concentration camp in 1945).

Maria Vladimirovna grew up in France and studied at Oxford. On December 23, 1969, the day she came of age, the head of the imperial house, Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich, published an "Appeal" in which he declared her guardian of the throne. At that moment, seven members of the male dynasty (aged 55 to 73 years) remained alive, who had the right to inherit the throne in the event of the death of Vladimir Kirillovich, but, as stated in the "Appeal", all of them "are in morganatic marriages and .. ... it can hardly be assumed that any of Them, taking into account Their age, will be able to enter into a new equal marriage, and even more so to have offspring who would have the right to succession to the throne. Accordingly, it was announced that after their death the legacy would pass to Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna.

In 1976, she married Franz Wilhelm Hohenzollern, Prince of Prussia (son of Prince Karl Franz Josef of Prussia, grandson of Prince Joachim and, accordingly, great-grandson of the German Emperor Wilhelm II). The wedding took place after the adoption of Orthodoxy by the prince; At a wedding in an Orthodox church in Madrid, Franz Wilhelm was proclaimed "Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich".

After the death in 1989 of the last of the princes of imperial blood - Prince Vasily Alexandrovich - Maria Vladimirovna was officially proclaimed heir to the throne. In 1992, when Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich died, she became head of the Imperial House of Romanov. Legitimist monarchists, referring to the Law on Succession to the Throne, consider Maria Vladimirovna as the locum tenens of the Russian throne and de jure empress, and her son George as the only legitimate heir to the throne.

Opponents of the Kirill branch of the Romanovs question the rights of Mary and her son to the Russian throne, referring to the fact that Grand Duke Kirill was married to his cousin, who was also divorced (i.e., his marriage was illegal according to the canons of the Orthodox Church), and also deny the equality of the marriage of Vladimir Kirilovich with the Grand Duchess Leonida (who, in their opinion, either lost her royal status as a result of her first unequal marriage, or did not have it from the very beginning, since the Bagration-Mukhransky family ceased to be a sovereign house after the inclusion of Georgia into the Russian Empire). However, the international monarchical "public" (in the person of European monarchs and representatives of the ruling houses who lost their thrones) recognizes only the Kirillovich branch as real Romanovs.

Maria Vladimirovna lives in Saint-Briac (France), speaks good Russian. In 1986, she divorced her husband (Bishop Anthony of Los Angeles divorced the spouses, who married them); after the divorce, Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich returned to Lutheranism and began to be titled as before - Franz Wilhelm, Prince of Prussia.

ROMANOV Georgy Mikhailovich, Grand Duke of Russia, Prince of Prussia (George, Prince of Prussia Romanov), heir to the Russian throne.

According to his father - a direct descendant (great-great-grandson) of the German Emperor Wilhelm II. Great-great-great-grandson of Emperor Alexander II. On the line of the great-grandmother of the English Princess Victoria-Melita (or Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna) - a direct descendant of the English Queen Victoria.

He studied at elementary school in Saint-Briac (France), then at St. Stanislaus College in Paris. Since 1988 he has been living in Madrid, where he attended an English school for the children of diplomats.

George's native language is French, he is fluent in Spanish and English, and knows Russian somewhat worse.

He first came to Russia at the end of April 1992, accompanying his family to St. Petersburg with the coffin with the body of his grandfather, Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich. He visited Russia for the second time in May-June 1992 to take part in the transfer of his grandfather's body from the Alexander Nevsky Lavra to the grand ducal tomb of the Peter and Paul Cathedral, and then visited Moscow.

Maria Vladimirovna has repeatedly stated that George's education will be continued in Russia. In late 1996 - early 1997, there were reports in the media that Georgy would return to his homeland in 1997, but this did not happen.

Doubts about the rights to the throne are the same as for his mother.

Opponents of the Kirillovichs call Grand Duke George "Georg of Hohenzollern", and also - jokingly - "Prince Gosha" (and his adherents, respectively, "Goshists").

ROMANOV Andrey Andreevich

Great-great-grandson of Tsar Nicholas I in the male junior line, descendant of Alexander III in the female junior line, son of Prince Andrei Alexandrovich Romanov (1897-1981) from a morganatic marriage with Elizaveta Fabritsievna Ruffo, daughter of Duke Don Fabrizio Ruffo and Princess Natalia Alexandrovna Meshcherskaya, grandson of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich (1866-1933) and Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna (daughter of Alexander III, sister of Nicholas II), younger brother of Mikhail Andreevich Romanov, cousin of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov.

Married third marriage to Ines Storer. His first marriage was to Elena Konstantinovna Durneva, and his second to Kathleen Norris. Has three sons: the eldest Alexei (1953) - from his first marriage, the younger Peter (1961) and Andrei (1963) - from the second.

From the point of view of legitimists, he has no legal rights to the throne, since he comes from an unequal marriage. From the point of view of cathedral monarchists, he can be considered by the Zemsky Sobor as a candidate for the throne, since he descends from Nicholas I in the male line.

ROMANOV Dmitry Romanovich

Great-great-grandson of Tsar Nicholas I in the male junior line, great-grandson of Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolayevich Sr. (1831-1891), grandson of Grand Duke Peter Nikolayevich (1864-1931) and Montenegrin Princess Milica, son of Roman Petrovich Romanov (1896-1978) and Countess Praskovia Sheremeteva .

In 1936, together with his parents, he moved to Italy, where the queen was Elena, the sister of Milica Chernogorskaya, who, respectively, was his father's own aunt. Shortly before the liberation of Rome by the Allies, he was hiding, as the Germans decided to arrest all the relatives of the Italian king. After the referendum in Italy on the monarchy, following the abdicated Italian king and his wife, he left for Egypt. He worked at the Ford automobile plant in Alexandria as a mechanic, a car salesman. After the overthrow of King Farouk and the beginning of the persecution of Europeans, he left Egypt and returned to Italy. He worked as a secretary to the chief of the shipping company.

In 1953 he visited Russia for the first time as a tourist. While on vacation in Denmark, he met his future first wife, married her a year later and moved to Copenhagen, where he worked as a bank employee for more than 30 years.

Since 1973, he has been a member of the Association of Members of the House of Romanov, since 1989 headed by his elder brother, Prince Nikolai Romanovich Romanov.

In June 1992 he became one of the founders and chairman of the "Romanov Foundation for Russia". In 1993-1995 visited Russia five times. In July 1998, he attended the funeral of the remains of Nicholas II and his family in St. Petersburg.

An opponent of the restoration of the monarchy, he believes that Russia "should have a democratically elected president."

From the point of view of the Legitimists, he has no legal rights to the throne, since his father comes from an unequal marriage.

Collects orders and medals. Wrote and published in English several books about awards - Montenegrin, Bulgarian and Greek. He is working on a book about Serbian and Yugoslav awards, dreams of writing a book about the old Russian and Soviet, as well as the awards of post-Soviet Russia.

Married a second marriage to the Danish translator Dorrit Reventrow. He married her in July 1993 in the cathedral in Kostroma, in which Mikhail Romanov was married to the kingdom. Have no children.

ROMANOV Mikhail Andreevich

Great-great-grandson of Tsar Nicholas I in the male junior line, descendant of Alexander III in the female junior line, son of Prince Andrei Alexandrovich Romanov. Lives in Australia.

In 1953 he married Esther Blanche, divorced her the following year and married Elizabeth Shirley. (Both marriages, of course, unequal). Have no children. Has a younger brother - Andrei Andreevich (1923).

The publicist of the conciliar camp Leonid Bolotin defended the hypothetical rights of Mikhail Andreevich (as well as Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov - see below) to the throne, interpreting the mention in the "Prophecy of Daniel" of the future tsar named Michael as a prediction specifically about Russia. At the same time, from the point of view of the majority of conciliar monarchists, who are almost all very indifferent to the "Jewish question", the rights of Mikhail Andreevich (as well as Andrei Andreevich and Mikhail Fedorovich) are apparently doubtful, since their great-grandmother, the mother of Grand Duke Alexander the Great Princess Olga Feodorovna, Princess of Baden, had family ties with representatives of the dynasty of Jewish financiers from Karlsruhe (according to Count Sergei Witte, expressed by him in his memoirs, it was precisely because of this that Olga Feodorovna's children - Nikolai, Mikhail, George, Alexander and Sergei - did not like Emperor Alexander III, not alien to anti-Semitism).

[2009 note: died September 2008]

ROMANOV Mikhail Fedorovich

Great-great-grandson of Tsar Nicholas I in the male junior line and Alexander III in the female line, great-grandson of Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich, grandson of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich and Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna (daughter of Alexander III, sister of Nicholas II), son of Grand Duke Fyodor Alexandrovich (1898-1968 ) and Irina Pavlovna (1903), daughter of Grand Duke Pavel Alexandrovich from a morganatic marriage with Olga Valerianovna Paley.

Lives in Paris.

In 1958 he married Helga Stauffenberger. Son Mikhail (1959), granddaughter Tatyana (1986).

ROMANOV Nikita Nikitich

Great-great-grandson of Tsar Nicholas I in the male junior line, great-grandson of Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich (1832-1909), grandson of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich (1866-1933), son of Nikita Alexandrovich Romanov (1900-1974) and Countess Maria Illarionovna Vorontsova-Dashkova (1903) . Lives in New York.

Vice-Chairman of the Association of Members of the House of Romanov, established in 1979 (Chairman - Prince Nikolai Romanovich Romanov). He visited Russia several times, visited the Crimea in the estate of his grandfather Ai-Todor. In July 1998, he attended the funeral of the remains of Nicholas II and his family in St. Petersburg. There is a younger brother Alexander Nikitich Romanov (1929), also living in the USA.

Married to Janet (in Orthodoxy - Anna Mikhailovna) Shonvald (1933), has a son, Fyodor (1974).

Does not comply with the law on succession to the throne (comes from an unequal marriage, is in an unequal marriage).

ROMANOV Nikolay Romanovich

Great-great-grandson of Tsar Nicholas I in the male junior line, great-grandson of Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich Sr. (1831-1891), a participant in the liberation of Bulgaria. The grandson of Grand Duke Peter Nikolayevich (1864-1931) and the Montenegrin Princess Milica (daughter of the Montenegrin King Nicholas I), the son of Roman Petrovich Romanov (1896-1978) from a morganatic marriage with Countess Praskovya Dmitrievna Sheremetyeva (1901-1980). Great-nephew of Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich Jr. (1856-1929), commander-in-chief of the Russian army during the First World War, conspirator and pretender to the throne.

In 1936, together with his parents, he moved from France to Italy. In 1941, he refused Mussolini's offer to take the throne of the King of Montenegro.

After the referendum in Italy on the monarchy, following the abdicated Italian king and Queen Elena, the family moved to Egypt, and when King Farouk was overthrown, they returned to Italy.

Watercolor artist.

He lived in Rougemont (Switzerland), then moved to Rome (after he married the Florentine countess Sveva della Garaldesca and took Italian citizenship in 1993).

In 1989, after the death of Grand Duke Vasily Alexandrovich, chairman of the "Association (Association) of Members of the House of Romanov", he headed this association, whose members do not recognize the rights to the throne of Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna, and her son Georgy Mikhailovich is considered to belong to the House of Hohenzollern, not the Romanovs. He initiated the congress of the Romanov men in June 1992 in Paris. At the congress, the Russian Assistance Fund was created, headed by his brother Dmitry.

After the death (April 8, 1993) of Tikhon Kulikovsky, Russian opponents of the Kirillov branch were considered "senior in the House of Romanov", but undermined his authority in this environment with his republican and Yeltsinist statements. Called himself a supporter of Yeltsin. He advocates a presidential republic, believes that "Russia should have borders more or less similar to those of the Soviet Union, the former Russian Empire", and "a form of organization reminiscent of the United States", that "it is necessary to create a truly federal republic with a strong central government, but with strictly limited powers. In an interview with the Parisian magazine Pointe de Vu in 1992, he expressed his confidence that "the monarchy in Russia cannot be restored."

He does not comply with the law on succession to the throne, since he comes from an unequal marriage and is in an unequal marriage.

In July 1998, he attended the funeral of the remains of Nicholas II and his family in St. Petersburg.

Nikolai Romanovich has three daughters: Natalia (1952), Elizaveta (1956), Tatyana (1961). All of them are married to Italians, they have two older daughters - a son and a daughter each.

ROMANOV-ILYINSKY (Romanovsky-Ilyinsky) Pavel Dmitrievich (Paul R. Ilyinsky)

Great-grandson of Tsar Alexander II, grandson of his fifth son - Grand Duke Pavel Alexandrovich (killed in the Peter and Paul Fortress in 1919) - and Alexandra of Greece, son of Grand Duke Dmitry Pavlovich (1891-1942). Grand Duke Dmitry Pavlovich was one of the murderers of Grigory Rasputin, in the USA he married an American who converted to Orthodoxy Anna (Audrey) Emery (1904-1971), the daughter of John Emery, who bore him a son, Pavel (Field). (In 1937 they divorced, Anna was later married to Prince Dmitry Georgadze for the second time.) Dmitry Pavlovich died in Switzerland.

Paul Romanov-Ilyinsky is a retired colonel in the US Marine Corps. Member of the municipal council of the city of Palm Beach in Florida, at one time was the mayor of this city.

Member of the US Republican Party.

Member of the Association of the House of Romanov, headed by Nikolai Romanov. He did not claim the throne, but considered himself (after the death of Vladimir Kirillovich) the head of the Romanov House.

Married with a second marriage to an American converted to Orthodoxy, Angelica Kaufman. His first marriage was to American Mary Evelyn Prince.

Does not comply with the law on succession to the throne: comes from an unequal marriage, is in an unequal marriage.

Children Dmitry (1954), Mikhail (1960), Paula (1956), Anna (1959). Has seven grandchildren.

[Died after 2000. Sons Dmitry Romanovsky-Ilyinsky and Mikhail Romanovsky-Ilyinsky recognize the rights to the throne of Maria Vladimirovna and her son George; in turn, Maria recognizes their right to be called princes (NB: but not Grand Dukes), and also recognizes Dmitry Romanovsky-Ilyinsky as "the senior male representative of the Romanov FAMILY (that is, all male and female descendants of the DYNASTY Members, regardless of the marriages of the above persons) ")].

LEININGEN Emich-Kirill, 7th Prince of Leiningen

Born in 1926

Son of Friedrich-Karl, 6th Duke of Leiningen, and Grand Duchess Maria Kirillovna Romanova (daughter of Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich, who proclaimed himself "Emperor Kirill I" in 1924). His father, a German naval officer, died of starvation in August 1946 in Soviet captivity in a camp near Saransk, his mother died of a heart attack on October 27, 1951 in Madrid.

As a child, he was a member of the Hitler Youth.

Has two younger brothers - Karl-Vladimir (1928) and Friedrich-Wilhelm (1938) and three sisters - Kira-Melita (1930), Margarita (1932) and Matilda (1936). It is related to the Bulgarian and Greek royal houses, as well as to the younger branch of the Serbian Karageorgievich dynasty.

According to the "Kirillian" interpretation of the Law on Succession to the Throne, he is the first in the "line" for the Russian throne after Grand Duke George Mikhailovich. In the event of the childless death of George (and, accordingly, the suppression of the senior line of the Kirillovichs), Emich-Kirill Leiningen or his sons will inherit the rights to the throne - subject to conversion to Orthodoxy.

KENT Michael (Michael, Prince of Kent)

Born in 1942

Great-great-great-grandson of Nicholas I, cousin of Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain. Grandson of the English King George V, younger son of George, Duke of Kent, Prince of Great Britain (1902-1942) and Princess Marina (1906-1968), daughter of the Greek Prince Nicholas (1872-1938) and Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna (1882-1957), sister Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich.

Through his grandfather Nicholas of Greece, the son of Grand Duchess Olga Konstantinovna (1851-1926), he was the great-great-grandson of the second son of the Russian Emperor Nicholas I, Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich Romanov (1827-1892). Through his grandmother Elena Vladimirovna, he was the great-great-grandson of the Russian Emperor Alexander II. Accordingly, he is a second cousin of the Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna.

Elder brother - Duke Edward of Kent, sister - Princess Alexandra.

He graduated from a military school, where he learned Russian, received the profession of a military translator. He served in the headquarters of military intelligence. He retired with the rank of major. Unsuccessfully tried to go into business. Then he made two television films - about Queen Victoria and her husband Albert and about Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra.

Mason. According to some reports, the head of the Grand Lodge of the East.

After 1992 he repeatedly visited Russia.

In the English succession, he initially occupied the 8th place (his father George, Duke of Kent, was the younger brother of Kings Edward VIII and George VI), but, having married a Catholic, he lost his rights to the British throne - according to the law of 1701 (Wife - previously divorced Austrian Baroness Maria Christina von Reibnitz, her father was a member of the Nazi Party in 1933 and rose to the rank of SS-Sturmbannführer.)

Theoretically, he retains the rights to the Russian throne - subject to the transition to Orthodoxy. His marriage, however, is unequal and the descendants from this marriage (if any) cannot inherit the throne.

In Frederick Forsyth's novel Icon (1997) he appears as a candidate for the throne (and then tsar), invited to Russia to save her from dictatorship.

VOLKOV Maxim (Max)

Descendant of Nicholas I through his grandson Grand Duke Nicholas Konstantinovich Romanov (brother of Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich Romanov, better known as the poet "K.R") and his (Grand Duke Nicholas) daughter Olga Pavlovna Sumarokova-Elston (surname and patronymic - after her stepfather) .

Worked as a guide in the Tretyakov Gallery.

He has no rights to the throne, since the marriage of Grand Duke Nikolai Konstantinovich was morganatic.

Publications in the Architecture section

Where did the Romanovs live?

Small Imperial, Marble, Nikolaevsky, Anichkov - we go for a walk along the central streets of St. Petersburg and recall the palaces in which representatives of the royal family lived.

Palace embankment, 26

Let's start the walk from the Palace Embankment. A few hundred meters east of the Winter Palace is the palace of Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich, son of Alexander II. Previously, the building built in 1870 was called the "small imperial court". Here, almost in its original form, all the interiors have been preserved, reminiscent of one of the main centers of the social life of St. Petersburg at the end of the 19th century. Once upon a time, the walls of the palace were decorated with many famous paintings: for example, on the wall of the former billiard room hung "Barge haulers on the Volga" by Ilya Repin. Monograms with the letter "V" - "Vladimir" have been preserved on the doors and panels.

In 1920, the palace became the House of Scientists, and today the building houses one of the main scientific centers of the city. The palace is open to tourists.

Palace embankment, 18

A little further on the Palace Embankment you can see the majestic gray Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace. It was erected in 1862 by the famous architect Andrey Shtakenshneider for the wedding of the son of Nicholas I - Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich. The new palace, for the reconstruction of which neighboring houses were bought out, absorbed the styles of baroque and rococo, elements of the Renaissance and architecture from the time of Louis XIV. Before the October Revolution, there was a church on the top floor of the main facade.

Today, the palace houses the institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Millionnaya street, 5/1

Even further on the embankment is the Marble Palace, the family nest of Konstantinoviches - the son of Nicholas I, Konstantin, and his descendants. It was built in 1785 by the Italian architect Antonio Rinaldi. The palace was the first building in St. Petersburg to be faced with natural stone. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich, known for his poetic works, lived here with his family, in the pre-revolutionary years - his eldest son John. The second son, Gabriel, wrote his memoirs "In the Marble Palace" in exile.

In 1992 the building was transferred to the Russian Museum.

Admiralteyskaya embankment, 8

Palace of Mikhail Mikhailovich. Architect Maximilian Messmacher. 1885–1891 Photo: Valentina Kachalova / photo bank "Lori"

Not far from the Winter Palace on the Admiralteyskaya Embankment, you can see a neo-Renaissance building. Once it belonged to Grand Duke Mikhail Mikhailovich, the grandson of Nicholas I. It was started to be built when the Grand Duke decided to marry - Alexander Pushkin's granddaughter Sofya Merenberg became his chosen one. Emperor Alexander III did not give consent to the marriage, and the marriage was recognized as morganatic: the wife of Mikhail Mikhailovich did not become a member of the imperial family. The Grand Duke was forced to leave the country without having lived in the new palace.

Today, the palace is leased to financial companies.

Labor Square, 4

If you walk from the palace of Mikhail Mikhailovich to the Blagoveshchensky bridge and turn left, on Labor Square we will see another brainchild of the architect Stackenschneider - the Nikolaevsky Palace. Until 1894, the son of Nicholas I, Nikolai Nikolaevich the Elder, lived in it. During the years of his life, there was also a house church in the building, everyone was allowed to attend services here. In 1895, after the death of the owner, a women's institute named after Grand Duchess Xenia, sister of Nicholas II, was opened in the palace. Girls were trained in the professions of an accountant, housekeeper, seamstress.

Today, the building, known in the USSR as the Palace of Labor, hosts guided tours, lectures, and folklore concerts.

English embankment, 68

Let's go back to the embankment and go west. Halfway to the Novo-Admiralteisky Canal is the palace of Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich, son of Alexander II. In 1887, he bought it from the daughter of the late Baron Stieglitz, a well-known banker and philanthropist, whose name is the Art and Industry Academy he founded. The Grand Duke lived in the palace until his death - he was shot in 1918.

The palace of Pavel Alexandrovich was empty for a long time. In 2011, the building was transferred to St. Petersburg University.

Embankment of the Moika River, 106

On the right side of the Moika River, opposite the island of New Holland, is the palace of the Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna. She was married to the founder of the Russian air force, Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich, the grandson of Nicholas I. The palace was presented to them for a wedding - in 1894. During the First World War, the Grand Duchess opened a hospital here.

Today the palace houses the Lesgaft Academy of Physical Culture.

Nevsky prospect, 39

We leave on Nevsky Prospekt and move in the direction of the Fontanka River. Here, at the embankment, the Anichkov Palace is located. It was named so after the Anichkov Bridge in honor of the old family of pillared noblemen Anichkovs. The palace, built during the reign of Elizabeth Petrovna, is the oldest building on Nevsky Prospekt. Architects Mikhail Zemtsov and Bartolomeo Rastrelli participated in its construction. Later, Empress Catherine II donated the building to Grigory Potemkin. On behalf of the new owner, the architect Giacomo Quarenghi gave Anichkov a more austere, close to modern look.

Starting with Nicholas I, the heirs to the throne mainly lived in the palace. When Alexander II ascended the throne, the widow of Nicholas I Alexandra Feodorovna lived here. After the death of Emperor Alexander III, Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna settled in the Anichkov Palace. Nicholas II also grew up here. He did not like the Winter Palace and most of the time, already being emperor, he spent in the Anichkov Palace.

Today it houses the Palace of Youth Creativity. The building is also open to tourists.

Nevsky prospect, 41

On the other side of the Fontanka is the Beloselsky-Belozersky Palace - the last private house built on the Nevsky in the 19th century and another brainchild of Stackenschneider. At the end of the 19th century, Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich bought it, and in 1911 the palace passed to his nephew, Grand Duke Dmitry Pavlovich. He sold the palace in 1917, being in exile for participating in the murder of Grigory Rasputin. And later he emigrated and took the money from the sale of the palace abroad, thanks to which he lived comfortably for a long time.

Since 2003, the building has been owned by the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation, it hosts concerts and creative evenings. On some days there are guided tours of the halls of the palace.

Petrovskaya embankment, 2

And walking near Peter's house on Petrovskaya Embankment, you should not miss the white majestic neoclassical building. This is the palace of the grandson of Nicholas I, Nicholas Nikolaevich the Younger, the supreme commander of all land and sea forces of the Russian Empire in the early years of the First World War. Today, the palace, which became the last grand-ducal building until 1917, houses the Representation of the President of the Russian Federation in the Northwestern Federal District.

More and more people are talking about the Romanov dynasty today. Her story can be read like a detective story. And its origin, and the history of the coat of arms, and the circumstances of accession to the throne: all this still causes ambiguous interpretations.

Prussian origin of the dynasty

The ancestor of the Romanov dynasty is considered to be the boyar Andrei Kobyla at the court of Ivan Kalita and his son Simeon the Proud. We know almost nothing about his life and origins. Chronicles mention him only once: in 1347 he was sent to Tver for the bride of Grand Duke Simeon the Proud, daughter of Prince Alexander Mikhailovich of Tver.

Having found himself at the time of the unification of the Russian state with a new center in Moscow in the service of the Moscow branch of the princely dynasty, he thus chose the “golden ticket” for himself and his family. Genealogists mention his numerous descendants, who became the ancestors of many noble Russian families: Semyon Zherebets (Lodygins, Konovnitsyns), Alexander Elka (Kolychevs), Gavriil Gavsha (Bobrykins), Childless Vasily Vantei and Fyodor Koshka - the ancestor of the Romanovs, Sheremetevs, Yakovlevs, Goltyaevs and Bezzubtsev. But the origin of the Mare itself remains a mystery. According to the Romanov family legend, he traced his lineage to the Prussian kings.

When a gap is formed in the genealogies, it provides an opportunity for their falsification. In the case of noble families, this is usually done with the aim of either legitimizing their power or gaining extra privileges. As in this case. The blank spot in the genealogies of the Romanovs was filled in the 17th century under Peter the Great by the first Russian King of Arms, Stepan Andreevich Kolychev. The new history corresponded to the “Prussian legend” fashionable even under the Rurikovichs, which was aimed at confirming the position of Moscow as the successor of Byzantium. Since the Varangian origin of Rurik did not fit into this ideology, the founder of the princely dynasty became the 14th descendant of a certain Prus, the ruler of ancient Prussia, a relative of Emperor Augustus himself. Following them, the Romanovs "rewrote" their history.

A family tradition, subsequently recorded in the “General Armorial of the Noble Families of the All-Russian Empire,” says that in the year 305 from the birth of Christ, the Prussian king Pruteno gave the kingdom to his brother Veydevut, and he himself became the high priest of his pagan tribe in the city of Romanov, where an evergreen sacred oak grew.

Before his death, Veidewut divided his kingdom among his twelve sons. One of them was Nedron, whose clan owned a part of modern Lithuania (Samogit lands). His descendants were the brothers Russingen and Glanda Kambila, who were baptized in 1280, and in 1283 Kambila came to Rus' to serve the Moscow prince Daniil Alexandrovich. After baptism, he began to be called Mare.

Who fed False Dmitry?

The personality of False Dmitry is one of the biggest mysteries of Russian history. Apart from the unresolvable question of the identity of the impostor, his "shadow" accomplices remain a problem. According to one version, the Romanovs, who fell into disgrace under Godunov, had a hand in the plot of False Dmitry, and the eldest descendant of the Romanovs, Fedor, the pretender to the throne, was tonsured a monk.

Adherents of this version believe that the Romanovs, Shuiskys and Golitsins, dreaming of the "Monomakh's hat", organized a conspiracy against Godunov, using the mysterious death of the young Tsarevich Dmitry. They prepared their pretender to the royal throne, known to us as False Dmitry, and led the coup on June 10, 1605. After, having dealt with their main rival, they themselves joined the struggle for the throne. Subsequently, after the accession of the Romanovs, their historians did everything to connect the massacre of the Godunov family exclusively with the personality of False Dmitry, and leave the hands of the Romanovs clean.

The Secret of the Zemsky Sobor 1613

The election of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov to the kingdom was simply doomed to be covered with a thick layer of myths. How did it happen that in a country torn apart by turmoil, a young, inexperienced youth was elected to the kingdom, who at the age of 16 was not distinguished by either military talent or a sharp political mind? Of course, the future tsar had an influential father, Patriarch Filaret, who himself once aimed for the tsar's throne. But during the Zemsky Sobor, he was a prisoner of the Poles and could hardly have somehow influenced the process. According to the generally accepted version, the decisive role was played by the Cossacks, who at that time represented a powerful force to be reckoned with. Firstly, under False Dmitry II, they and the Romanovs ended up in “the same camp”, and secondly, they were certainly satisfied with the young and inexperienced prince, who did not pose a danger to their liberties, which they inherited during times of unrest.

The bellicose cries of the Cossacks forced Pozharsky's adherents to propose a two-week break. During this time, a wide agitation in favor of Mikhail unfolded. For many boyars, he also represented an ideal candidate, which would allow them to keep power in their hands. The main argument put forward was that the allegedly deceased Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich, before his death, wanted to transfer the throne to his relative Fyodor Romanov (Patriarch Filaret). And since he languished in Polish captivity, the crown passed to his only son, Michael. As the historian Klyuchevsky later wrote, "they wanted to choose not the most capable, but the most convenient."

Defunct coat of arms

In the history of the dynastic coat of arms of the Romanovs, there are no less white spots than in the history of the dynasty itself. For some reason, for a long time, the Romanovs did not have their own coat of arms at all, they used the state emblem, with the image of a double-headed eagle, as a personal one. Their own family coat of arms was created only under Alexander II. By that time, the heraldry of the Russian nobility had practically taken shape, and only the ruling dynasty did not have its own coat of arms. It would be inappropriate to say that the dynasty did not have much interest in heraldry: even under Alexei Mikhailovich, the “Tsar's Titular” was published - a manuscript containing portraits of Russian monarchs with the emblems of the Russian lands.

Perhaps such loyalty to the double-headed eagle is due to the need for the Romanovs to show the legitimate succession from the Rurikids and, most importantly, from the Byzantine emperors. As you know, starting with Ivan III, they begin to talk about Rus' as the successor of Byzantium. Moreover, the king married Sophia Paleolog, the granddaughter of the last Byzantine emperor Constantine. They adopted the symbol of the Byzantine double-headed eagle as their family crest.

In any case, this is just one of many versions. It is not known for certain why the ruling branch of the vast empire, which was related to the noblest houses of Europe, so stubbornly ignored the heraldic orders that had been developing over the centuries.

The long-awaited appearance of the Romanovs' own coat of arms under Alexander II only added to the questions. The then King of Arms Baron B.V. took up the development of the imperial order. Ken. The ensign of the governor Nikita Ivanovich Romanov, who at one time was the main oppositionist Alexei Mikhailovich, was taken as the basis. More precisely, its description, since the banner itself had already been lost by that time. It depicted a golden griffin on a silver background with a small black eagle with raised wings and lion heads on its tail. Perhaps Nikita Romanov borrowed it in Livonia during the Livonian War.

The new coat of arms of the Romanovs was a red griffin on a silver background, holding a golden sword and a tarch topped with a small eagle; on a black border are eight severed lion heads; four gold and four silver. First, the changed color of the griffin is striking. Historians of heraldry believe that Quesnay decided not to go against the rules established at that time, which forbade placing a golden figure on a silver background, with the exception of the coats of arms of such highest persons as the Pope. Thus, by changing the color of the griffin, he lowered the status of the family coat of arms. Or the “Livonian version” played a role, according to which Kene emphasized the Livonian origin of the coat of arms, since in Livonia from the 16th century there was a reverse combination of coat of arms colors: a silver griffin on a red background.

There is still a lot of controversy about the symbolism of the Romanov coat of arms. Why is so much attention paid to lion heads, and not to the figure of an eagle, which, according to historical logic, should be in the center of the composition? Why is it with lowered wings, and what, in the end, is the historical background of the Romanov coat of arms?

Peter III - the last Romanov?

As you know, the Romanov family was interrupted by the family of Nicholas II. However, some believe that the last ruler of the Romanov dynasty was Peter III. The young infantile emperor did not have a relationship with his wife at all. Catherine told in her diaries how anxiously she waited for her husband on their wedding night, and he came and fell asleep. This continued further - Peter III did not have any feelings for his wife, preferring her to his favorite. But the son, Pavel, was still born, many years after the marriage.

Rumors about illegitimate heirs are not uncommon in the history of world dynasties, especially in times of trouble for the country. So here the question arose: is Paul really the son of Peter III? Or the first favorite of Catherine, Sergei Saltykov, took part in this.

A significant argument in favor of these rumors was that the imperial couple had not had children for many years. Therefore, many believed that this union was completely fruitless, which the empress herself hinted at, mentioning in her memoirs that her husband suffered from phimosis.

Information that Sergei Saltykov could be Pavel's father is also present in Catherine's diaries: could not compare with him at court ... He was 25 years old, in general and by birth, and in many other qualities he was an outstanding gentleman ... I did not give in all spring and part of the summer. The result was not long in coming. September 20, 1754 Catherine gave birth to a son. Only from whom: from her husband Romanov, or from Saltykov?

The choice of the name of the members of the ruling dynasty has always played an important role in the political life of the country. Firstly, with the help of names, intra-dynastic relations were often emphasized. So, for example, the names of the children of Alexei Mikhailovich were supposed to emphasize the connection of the Romanovs with the Rurik dynasty. Under Peter and his daughters, they showed a close relationship within the ruling branch (despite the fact that this did not correspond at all to the real situation in the imperial family). But under Catherine the Great, a completely new order of names was introduced. The former tribal affiliation gave way to another factor, among which political played a significant role. Her choice was based on the semantics of the names, going back to the Greek words: “people” and “victory”.

Let's start with Alexander. The name of the eldest son of Paul was given in honor of Alexander Nevsky, although another invincible commander, Alexander the Great, was also implied. About her choice, she wrote the following: “You say: Catherine wrote to Baron F. M. Grimm, that he will have to choose who to imitate: a hero (Alexander the Great) or a saint (Alexander Nevsky). You don't seem to know that our saint was a hero. He was a courageous warrior, a firm ruler and a clever politician and surpassed all other specific princes, his contemporaries ... So, I agree that Mr. Alexander has only one choice, and it depends on his personal talents which path he will take - holiness or heroism ".

The reasons for choosing the name Konstantin, unusual for Russian tsars, are even more interesting. They are connected with the idea of Catherine's "Greek project", which meant the defeat of the Ottoman Empire and the restoration of the Byzantine state, headed by her second grandson.

It is not clear, however, why the third son of Paul received the name Nicholas. Obviously, he was named after the most revered saint in Rus' - Nicholas the Wonderworker. But this is just a version, since there is no explanation for this choice in the sources.

Catherine had nothing to do only with the choice of a name for the youngest son of Paul - Michael, who was born after her death. Here the father's long-standing passion for chivalry has already played a role. Mikhail Pavlovich was named in honor of the Archangel Michael, the leader of the heavenly host, the patron of the emperor-knight.

Four names: Alexander, Konstantin, Nikolai and Mikhail - formed the basis of the new imperial names of the Romanovs.

DESCENDANTS OF THE ROMANOVS,

With some additions (introduced, in particular, in 1820), the law of 1797 was in force until the fall of the monarchy in 1917.

The legitimate heir to the throne must satisfy several rules, one of which is descent from "equal marriage" included in the Succession to the Throne Law in 1820 following the Austrian model.

At the same time, the heir to the throne must be or become Orthodox (at present, of the possible foreign applicants for the legacy of the House of Romanov, only Serbian, Bulgarian, Romanian and Greek princes are Orthodox; German, Spanish and English - of course, are Catholics or Protestants).

Princess Sophia of Greece had rights to the Russian throne before her conversion to Catholicism and marriage to Juan Carlos of Spain; her rights passed to her and Juan Carlos's children and grandchildren - theoretically, they can receive the Russian throne, provided they convert to Orthodoxy and waive their rights to the Spanish crown.

Monarchists - supporters of strict observance of the Law of Succession, are called legitimists.

In their opinion, it is necessary to return to a tradition older than the post-Petrine legislation - namely, to the Zemsky Sobor, which can decide which of the laws of the Russian Empire (including legislation related to issues of succession to the throne) must be observed at all costs, and which ones can be ignored or corrected.

The most radical individuals even allow the choice of a new dynasty (options offered: -

the offspring of Rurik, grandson of Stalin, grandson of Marshal Zhukov), but the majority nevertheless recognizes the Sobor oath of 1613 to the House of Romanov and tends to exclude, first of all, the rule of descent from equal marriage (as "alien to Russian tradition" and - most importantly - undermining the rights of all or almost all possible non-foreign applicants), as well as to the consideration at the Zemsky Sobor of the preferential rights and human qualities of the descendants of the Romanov family, including descendants from unequal marriages.

ROMANOVA Maria Vladimirovna, Grand Duchess, Head of the Imperial House of Romanov, Locum Tenens of the Russian Throne

ROMANOV Georgy Mikhailovich, Grand Duke of Russia, Prince of Prussia (George, Prince of Prussia Romanov), heir to the Russian throne.

George's native language is French, he is fluent in Spanish and English, and knows Russian somewhat worse.

Doubts about the rights to the throne are the same as for his mother.

Opponents of the Kirillovichs call Grand Duke George "Georg of Hohenzollern", and also - jokingly - "Prince Gosha" (and his adherents, respectively, "Goshists").

ROMANOV Andrey Andreevich

ROMANOV Dmitry Romanovich

Since 1973, he has been a member of the Association of Members of the House of Romanov, since 1989 headed by his elder brother, Prince Nikolai Romanovich Romanov.

An opponent of the restoration of the monarchy, he believes that Russia "should have a democratically elected president."

From the point of view of the Legitimists, he has no legal rights to the throne, since his father comes from an unequal marriage.

Married a second marriage to the Danish translator Dorrit Reventrow. He married her in July 1993 in the cathedral in Kostroma, in which Mikhail Romanov was married to the kingdom. Have no children.

ROMANOV Mikhail Andreevich

Great-great-grandson of Tsar Nicholas I in the male junior line, descendant of Alexander III in the female junior line, son of Prince Andrei Alexandrovich Romanov. Lives in Australia.

[2009 note: died September 2008]

ROMANOV Mikhail Fedorovich

Lives in Paris.

In 1958 he married Helga Stauffenberger. Son Mikhail (1959), granddaughter Tatyana (1986).

ROMANOV Nikita Nikitich

Married to Janet (in Orthodoxy - Anna Mikhailovna) Shonvald (1933), has a son, Fyodor (1974).

Does not comply with the law on succession to the throne (comes from an unequal marriage, is in an unequal marriage).

ROMANOV Nikolay Romanovich

In 1936, together with his parents, he moved from France to Italy. In 1941, he refused Mussolini's offer to take the throne of the King of Montenegro.

After the referendum in Italy on the monarchy, following the abdicated Italian king and Queen Elena, the family moved to Egypt, and when King Farouk was overthrown, they returned to Italy.

Watercolor artist.

He lived in Rougemont (Switzerland), then moved to Rome (after he married the Florentine countess Sveva della Garaldesca and took Italian citizenship in 1993).

He does not comply with the law on succession to the throne, since he comes from an unequal marriage and is in an unequal marriage.

In July 1998, he attended the funeral of the remains of Nicholas II and his family in St. Petersburg.

Nikolai Romanovich has three daughters: Natalia (1952), Elizaveta (1956), Tatyana (1961). All of them are married to Italians, they have two older daughters - a son and a daughter each.

ROMANOV-ILYINSKY (Romanovsky-Ilyinsky) Pavel Dmitrievich (Paul R. Ilyinsky)

Paul Romanov-Ilyinsky is a retired colonel in the US Marine Corps. Member of the municipal council of the city of Palm Beach in Florida, at one time was the mayor of this city.

Member of the US Republican Party.

Married with a second marriage to an American converted to Orthodoxy, Angelica Kaufman. His first marriage was to American Mary Evelyn Prince.

Does not comply with the law on succession to the throne: comes from an unequal marriage, is in an unequal marriage.

Children Dmitry (1954), Mikhail (1960), Paula (1956), Anna (1959). Has seven grandchildren.

LEININGEN Emich-Kirill, 7th Prince of Leiningen

Born in 1926

As a child, he was a member of the Hitler Youth.

KENT Michael (Michael, Prince of Kent)

Born in 1942

Elder brother - Duke Edward of Kent, sister - Princess Alexandra.

Mason. According to some reports, the head of the Grand Lodge of the East.

After 1992 he repeatedly visited Russia.

In Frederick Forsyth's novel Icon (1997) he appears as a candidate for the throne (and then tsar), invited to Russia to save her from dictatorship.

VOLKOV Maxim (Max)

Worked as a guide in the Tretyakov Gallery.

He has no rights to the throne, since the marriage of Grand Duke Nikolai Konstantinovich was morganatic.

HALF I CAN CONFIRM OFFICIALLY. THERE IS AN INTERESTING OBJECT IN MOSCOW.

STALIN'S COTTAGES. TERESHKOV'S WEDDING WITH NIKOLAEV WERE PLAYED THERE. ALEXEY KOSYGIN HAPPENED FREQUENTLY. NEAR KREMLYOVKA - HOSPITAL OF EXTRA CLASS. WHAT DO I DO WITH HERE? I REALLY HAVE NOTHING TO DO. HERE IS MY GRANDPA.

PROTECTED BY YOUTH THIS OBJECT. WHEREAS, MY GREAT-GRANDPAD, WHO HAVE BEEN THERE OFTEN, WAS ARRANGING IT HERE.

BUT THIS IS ALREADY MY FAMILY STORIES. THEY SAW NICHOLAS THERE, AND, KOSYGIN, BY THE WAY.

REAL EPISODE - KOSYGIN COME TO MY MOTHER'S WEDDING. GIVED RARE KALA (HUGE BOUQUET). MILO CONGRATULATED AND LEFT. IN MEMORY OF THE OLD BOLSHEVIK WITH WHICH I WAS FRIENDS. VERSION INTERESTING. OUR RELATIVE VALENTINA CHURUSOVA WAS THE PERSONAL NURSE OF ALEXEY KOSYGIN. YES, HEMOPHILIA. BUT IN A SMOOTHED FORM.

RARE DISEASE. DISEASE OF KINGS. AGREE?

ON THE INJECTIONS HE WAS CONSTANTLY.

MAYBE THE MYSTERY WILL BE REVEALED SOMETIME.

History, like a venal girl, lies under every new "king". So, the newest history of our country has been rewritten many times. "Responsible" and "unbiased" historians rewrote biographies and changed the fate of people in the Soviet and post-Soviet period.

But today access to many archives is open. Conscience is the only key. What bit by bit gets to people does not leave indifferent those who live in Russia. Those who want to be proud of their country and raise their children as patriots of their native land.

In Russia, historians are a dime a dozen. If you throw a stone, you will almost always hit one of them. But only 14 years have passed, and no one can establish the real history of the last century.

Modern henchmen of Miller and Baer rob Russians in all directions. Either, mocking Russian traditions, they will start a carnival in February, or they will bring an outright criminal under the Nobel Prize.

And then we wonder: why is it in a country with the richest resources and cultural heritage, such a poor people?

Abdication of Nicholas II

Emperor Nicholas II did not abdicate the Throne. This act is a "fake". It was compiled and printed on a typewriter by the Quartermaster General of the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief A.S. Lukomsky and the representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the General Staff N.I. Basili.

This printed text was signed on March 2, 1917, not by Sovereign Nicholas II Alexandrovich Romanov, but by the Minister of the Imperial Court, Adjutant General, Baron Boris Frederiks.

After 4 days, the Orthodox Tsar Nicholas II was betrayed by the top of the Russian Orthodox Church, misleading the whole of Russia by the fact that, seeing this fake act, the clergy passed it off as a real one. And they transmitted by telegraph to the entire Empire and beyond its borders that the Sovereign supposedly abdicated the Throne!

On March 6, 1917, the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church heard two reports. The first is the act on March 2, 1917, on the "renunciation" of the Sovereign Emperor Nicholas II for himself and for his son from the Throne of the Russian State and on the resignation of the Supreme Power. The second is the act on March 3, 1917 on the refusal of Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich of the perception of the Supreme Power.

After the hearings, until the establishment in the Constituent Assembly of the form of government and the new fundamental laws of the Russian State, it was ORDERED:

“The aforementioned acts should be taken into account and performed and announced in all Orthodox churches, in urban churches on the first day after receiving the text of these acts, and in rural areas on the first Sunday or holiday, after the Divine Liturgy, with the performance of a prayer to the Lord God for the appeasement of passions , with the proclamation of many years to the God-protected State of Russia and its Blessed Provisional Government.

And although the top of the generals of the Russian Army for the most part consisted of Jews, but the middle officer corps and several higher ranks of the generals, such as Fyodor Arturovich Keller, did not believe this fake and decided to go to the rescue of the Sovereign.

From that moment, the division of the Army began, which turned into a Civil War!

The priesthood and the whole of Russian society split.

But the Rothschilds achieved the main thing - they removed Her Legitimate Sovereign from governing the country, and began to finish off Russia.

After the revolution, all the bishops and priests who betrayed the Tsar suffered death or dispersion around the world for perjury before the Orthodox Tsar.

Chairman of the V. Ch. K. No. 13666/2 comrade. Dzerzhinsky F. E. INSTRUCTION: “In accordance with the decision of V. Ts. I. K. and the Council of People's Commissars, it is necessary to put an end to priests and religion as soon as possible. Priests must be arrested as counter-revolutionaries and saboteurs, shot mercilessly and everywhere. And as much as possible. Churches are to be closed. Temple premises to be sealed and turned into warehouses.

Chairman V. Ts. I. K. Kalinin, Chairman of the Sov. nar. Komissarov Ulyanov /Lenin/.

Kill simulation

There is a lot of information about the Sovereign's stay with his family in prison and exile, about his stay in Tobolsk and Yekaterinburg, and it is quite truthful.

Was there a shooting? Or perhaps it was staged? Was it possible to escape or be taken out of the Ipatiev house?

It turns out yes!

There was a factory nearby. In 1905, the owner, in case of capture by revolutionaries, dug an underground passage to it. During the destruction of the house by Yeltsin, after the decision of the Politburo, the bulldozer fell into a tunnel that no one knew about.

Thanks to Stalin and the intelligence officers of the General Staff, the Royal Family was taken to various Russian provinces, with the blessing of Metropolitan Macarius (Nevsky).

On July 22, 1918, Evgenia Popel received the keys to the empty house and sent a telegram to her husband, N. N. Ipatiev, to the village of Nikolskoye about the possibility of returning to the city.

In connection with the offensive of the White Guard Army, Soviet institutions were evacuated in Yekaterinburg. Documents, property and valuables were taken out, including those of the Romanov family (!).

Strong excitement spread among the officers when it became known in what condition the Ipatiev house was, where the Tsar's Family lived. Who was free from service, went to the house, everyone wanted to take an active part in clarifying the question: “where are They?”.

Some were inspecting the house, breaking down the boarded-up doors; others sorted things and papers that were lying around; the third, raked the ashes from the furnaces. Fourth, scoured the yard and garden, looking into all cellars and cellars. Everyone acted independently, not trusting each other and trying to find an answer to the question that worried everyone.

While the officers were inspecting the rooms, people who came to profit, took away a lot of abandoned property, which was then found in the market and flea markets.

The head of the garrison, Major General Golitsin, appointed a special commission of officers, mostly cadets of the Academy of the General Staff, chaired by Colonel Sherekhovsky. Which was instructed to deal with the finds in the Ganina Yama area: local peasants, raking up recent fires, found charred items from the Tsar's wardrobe, including a cross with precious stones.

Captain Malinovsky received an order to explore the Ganina Yama area. On July 30, taking with him Sheremetevsky, the investigator for the most important cases of the Yekaterinburg District Court A.P. Nametkin, several officers, the doctor of the Heir - V.N. Derevenko and the servant of the Sovereign - T.I. Chemodurov, went there.

Thus began the investigation into the disappearance of Tsar Nicholas II, the Empress, the Tsesarevich and the Grand Duchesses.

The Malinovsky Commission lasted about a week. But it was she who determined the area of all subsequent investigative actions in Yekaterinburg and its environs. It was she who found witnesses to the cordon of the Koptyakovskaya road around Ganina Yama by the Red Army. I found those who saw a suspicious convoy that passed from Yekaterinburg into the cordon and back. I got evidence of destruction there, in the fires near the mines of the Royal things.

After the entire staff of the officers went to Koptyaki, Sherekhovsky divided the team into two parts. One, headed by Malinovsky, examined the Ipatiev house, the other, led by Lieutenant Sheremetevsky, took up the inspection of Ganina Yama.

When inspecting the Ipatiev house, the officers of the Malinovsky group managed to establish almost all the main facts in a week, on which the investigation then relied.

A year after the investigations, Malinovsky, in June 1919, showed Sokolov: “As a result of my work on the case, I became convinced that the August family is alive ... all the facts that I observed during the investigation are a simulation of a murder.”

At the scene

On July 28, A.P. Nametkin was invited to the headquarters, and from the side of the military authorities, since civil power had not yet been formed, it was proposed to investigate the case of the Royal Family. After that, they began to inspect the Ipatiev House. Doctor Derevenko and old man Chemodurov were invited to participate in the identification of things; Professor of the Academy of the General Staff, Lieutenant General Medvedev, took part as an expert.

On July 30, Aleksey Pavlovich Nametkin participated in the inspection of the mine and fires near Ganina Yama. After inspection, the Koptyakovsky peasant handed over to Captain Politkovsky a huge diamond, which was recognized by Chemodurov as a jewel belonging to Tsaritsa Alexandra Feodorovna.

Nametkin, inspecting the Ipatiev house from August 2 to 8, had publications of the decisions of the Ural Council and the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, which reported on the execution of Nicholas II.

Inspection of the building, traces of shots and signs of spilled blood confirmed the well-known fact - the possible death of people in this house.

As for the other results of the inspection of the Ipatiev house, they left the impression of an unexpected disappearance of its inhabitants.

On August 5, 6, 7, 8, Nametkin continued to inspect the Ipatiev house, described the state of the rooms where Nikolai Alexandrovich, Alexandra Fedorovna, the Tsarevich and the Grand Duchesses were kept. During the inspection, I found many small things that belonged, according to the valet T. I. Chemodurov and the doctor of the Heir V. N. Derevenko, to members of the Royal Family.

Being an experienced investigator, Nametkin, after examining the scene of the incident, stated that an imitation of an execution took place in the Ipatiev House, and that not a single member of the Royal Family was shot there.

He repeated his data officially in Omsk, where he gave an interview on this topic to foreign, mainly American correspondents. Declaring that he had evidence that the Royal Family was not killed on the night of July 16-17, and was going to make these documents public soon.

But he was forced to hand over the investigation.

War with investigators

On August 7, 1918, a meeting of the branches of the Yekaterinburg District Court was held, where, unexpectedly for the prosecutor Kutuzov, contrary to agreements with the chairman of the court, Glasson, the Yekaterinburg District Court, by a majority of votes, decided to transfer the “case of the murder of the former Sovereign Emperor Nicholas II”, to a member of the court Ivan Alexandrovich Sergeev .

After the transfer of the case, the house where he rented a room was burned down, which led to the death of Nametkin's investigative archive.

The main difference in the work of a detective at the scene lies in what is not in the laws and textbooks, in order to plan further activities for each of the significant circumstances discovered. That is why their replacement is harmful, because with the departure of the former investigator, his plan to unravel the tangle of riddles disappears.

On August 13, A.P. Nametkin handed over the case to I.A. Sergeev on 26 numbered sheets. And after the capture of Yekaterinburg by the Bolsheviks, Nametkin was shot.

Sergeev was aware of the complexity of the upcoming investigation.

He understood that the main thing was to find the bodies of the dead. Indeed, in forensic science there is a rigid setting: "no corpse - no murder." He had great expectations for the expedition to Ganina Yama, where they searched the area very carefully and pumped out water from the mines. But ... they found only a severed finger and a prosthesis of the upper jaw. True, the “corpse” was also removed, but it was the corpse of the dog Grand Duchess Anastasia.

In addition, there are witnesses who saw the former Empress and her children in Perm.

The doctor Derevenko, who treated the Heir, as well as Botkin, who accompanied the Royal Family in Tobolsk and Yekaterinburg, testifies over and over again that the unidentified corpses delivered to him are not the Tsar and not the Heir, since the Tsar on his head / skull / should have a trace from the blow of the Japanese sabers in 1891

The clergy also knew about the release of the Royal Family: Patriarch St. Tikhon.

The life of the royal family after the "death"

In the KGB of the USSR, on the basis of the 2nd Main Directorate, there was a special. department that monitored all the movements of the Royal Family and their descendants across the territory of the USSR. Whether someone likes it or not, this will have to be taken into account, and, consequently, Russia's future policy should be reconsidered.

Daughters Olga (she lived under the name Natalia) and Tatyana were in the Diveevsky Monastery, disguised as nuns, and sang in the kliros of the Trinity Church. From there, Tatyana moved to the Krasnodar Territory, got married and lived in the Apsheron and Mostovsky districts. She was buried on September 21, 1992 in the village of Solyonoye, Mostovsky District.

Olga, through Uzbekistan, went to Afghanistan with the emir of Bukhara, Seyid Alim-Khan (1880 - 1944). From there - to Finland to Vyrubova. Since 1956, she lived in Vyritsa under the name of Natalya Mikhailovna Evstigneeva, where she rested in Bose on 01/16/1976 (11/15/2011 from the grave of V.K. Olga, Her fragrant relics were partially stolen by one possessed, but were returned to Kazan temple).

On October 6, 2012, her remaining relics were removed from the grave in the cemetery, added to the stolen ones and reburied near the Kazan Church.

The daughters of Nicholas II Maria and Anastasia (who lived as Alexandra Nikolaevna Tugareva) were for some time in the Glinskaya Hermitage. Then Anastasia moved to the Volgograd (Stalingrad) region and got married on the Tugarev farm in the Novoanninsky district. From there she moved to St. Panfilovo, where she was buried on 06/27/1980. And her husband Vasily Evlampievich Peregudov died defending Stalingrad in January 1943. Maria moved to the Nizhny Novgorod region in the village of Arefino there and was buried on 05/27/1954.

Metropolitan John of Ladoga (Snychev, d. 1995) took care of Anastasia's daughter Yulia in Samara, and together with Archimandrite John (Maslov, d. 1991) took care of Tsarevich Alexei. Archpriest Vasily (Shvets, d. 2011) took care of his daughter Olga (Natalia). The son of the youngest daughter of Nicholas II - Anastasia - Mikhail Vasilyevich Peregudov (1924 - 2001), having come from the front, worked as an architect, according to his project, a railway station was built in Stalingrad-Volgograd!

The brother of Tsar Nicholas II, Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich, was also able to escape from Perm right under the noses of the Cheka. At first he lived in Belogorye, and then moved to Vyritsa, where he rested in Bose in 1948.

Until 1927, Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna was at the Tsar's Dacha (Vvedensky Skete of Seraphim of the Ponetaevsky Monastery in the Nizhny Novgorod Region). And at the same time she visited Kyiv, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sukhumi. Alexandra Feodorovna took the name Xenia (in honor of St. Xenia Grigoryevna of Petersburg /Petrova 1732 - 1803/).

In 1899, Tsaritsa Alexandra Feodorovna wrote a prophetic poem:

"In the solitude and silence of the monastery,

Where guardian angels fly

Far from temptation and sin

She lives, whom everyone considers dead.

Everyone thinks she already lives

In the Divine heavenly realm.

She steps outside the walls of the monastery,

Submissive to your increased faith!”

The Empress met with Stalin, who told her the following: "Live in peace in the city of Starobelsk, but there is no need to interfere in politics."

Stalin's patronage saved the Tsaritsa when local Chekists opened criminal cases against her.

Money transfers were regularly received in the name of the Queen from France and Japan. The Empress received them and donated them to four kindergartens. This was confirmed by the former manager of the Starobelsky branch of the State Bank Ruf Leontievich Shpilyov and the chief accountant Klokolov.

The Empress did needlework, making blouses, scarves, and straws were sent to her from Japan to make hats. All this was done by order of local fashionistas.

Empress Alexandra Feodorovna

In 1931, the Tsaritsa appeared at the Starobelsk regional department of the GPU and stated that she had 185,000 marks in the Berlin Reichsbank, and 300,000 dollars in the Chicago bank. She supposedly wants to transfer all these funds to the disposal of the Soviet government, provided that it provides for her old age.

The statement of the Empress was forwarded to the GPU of the Ukrainian SSR, which instructed the so-called "Credit Bureau" to negotiate with foreign countries about receiving these deposits!

In 1942, Starobelsk was occupied, the Empress on the same day was invited to breakfast with Colonel General Kleist, who suggested that she move to Berlin, to which the Empress replied with dignity: “I am Russian and I want to die in my homeland.” Then she was offered to choose any house in the city that she wished: it would not be good, they say, for such a person to huddle in a cramped dugout. But she refused that too.

The only thing the Tsaritsa agreed to was to use the services of German doctors. True, the commandant of the city nevertheless ordered a sign to be installed near the Empress's dwelling with an inscription in Russian and German: "Do not disturb Her Majesty."

What she was very happy about, because in her dugout behind the screen were ... wounded Soviet tankers.

The German medicine was very useful. The tankers managed to get out, and they safely crossed the front line. Taking advantage of the favor of the authorities, Tsaritsa Alexandra Feodorovna saved many prisoners of war and local residents who were threatened with reprisal.

From 1927 until her death in 1948, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, under the name of Xenia, lived in the city of Starobelsk, Lugansk region. She took monastic vows with the name of Alexandra at the Starobelsk Holy Trinity Monastery.

Kosygin - Tsarevich Alexei

Tsarevich Alexei - became Alexei Nikolaevich Kosygin (1904 - 1980). Twice Hero of the Socialist Labor (1964, 1974). Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Sun of Peru. In 1935, he graduated from the Leningrad Textile Institute. In 1938, head. department of the Leningrad regional party committee, chairman of the executive committee of the Leningrad City Council.

Wife Claudia Andreevna Krivosheina (1908 - 1967) - niece of A. A. Kuznetsov. Daughter Lyudmila (1928 - 1990) was married to Jermen Mikhailovich Gvishiani (1928 - 2003). The son of Mikhail Maksimovich Gvishiani (1905 - 1966) since 1928 in the State Pedagogical Department of Internal Affairs of Georgia. In 1937-38. deputy Chairman of the Tbilisi City Executive Committee. In 1938, the 1st deputy. People's Commissar of the NKVD of Georgia. In 1938 - 1950. early UNKVDUNKGBUMGB Primorsky Krai. In 1950 - 1953 early UMGB of the Kuibyshev region. Grandchildren Tatyana and Alexey.

The Kosygin family was friends with the families of the writer Sholokhov, the composer Khachaturian, and the rocket designer Chelomey.

In 1940 - 1960. - Deputy prev. Council of People's Commissars - Council of Ministers of the USSR. In 1941 - deputy. prev. Council for the evacuation of industry in the eastern regions of the USSR. From January to July 1942 - authorized by the State Defense Committee in the besieged Leningrad. Participated in the evacuation of the population and industrial enterprises and property of Tsarskoye Selo. The prince walked along Ladoga on the Shtandart yacht and knew the surroundings of the Lake well, therefore he organized the "Road of Life" through the Lake to supply the city.

Aleksey Nikolaevich created an electronics center in Zelenograd, but enemies in the Politburo did not allow him to bring this idea to fruition. And today Russia is forced to buy household appliances and computers all over the world.

The Sverdlovsk Region produced everything from strategic missiles to bacteriological weapons, and was filled with underground cities hiding under the Sverdlovsk-42 indices, and there were more than two hundred such Sverdlovsk.

He helped Palestine, as Israel expanded its borders at the expense of the lands of the Arabs.

He brought to life projects for the development of gas and oil fields in Siberia.

But the Jews, members of the Politburo, made the main line of the budget the export of crude oil and gas - instead of the export of processed products, as Kosygin (Romanov) wanted.

In 1949, during the promotion of the "Leningrad case" by G. M. Malenkov, Kosygin miraculously survived. During the investigation, Mikoyan, deputy. Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, "organized Kosygin's long trip to Siberia, in connection with the need to strengthen the activities of cooperation, improve matters with the procurement of agricultural products." Stalin coordinated this business trip with Mikoyan in time, because he was poisoned and from the beginning of August until the end of December 1950 lay in the country, miraculously remaining alive!

In his treatment of Alexei, Stalin affectionately called him "Kosyga", since he was his nephew. Sometimes Stalin called him Tsarevich in front of everyone.

In the 60s. Tsarevich Alexei, realizing the inefficiency of the existing system, proposed a transition from a social economy to a real one. Keep records of sold, not manufactured products as the main indicator of the efficiency of enterprises, etc. Alexei Nikolaevich Romanov normalized relations between the USSR and China during the conflict on about. Damansky, having met in Beijing at the airport with Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China Zhou Enlai.

Alexei Nikolaevich visited the Venevsky Monastery in the Tula region and talked with the nun Anna, who was in touch with the entire royal family. He even gave her a diamond ring once, for clear predictions. And shortly before his death, he came to her, and she told him that He would die on December 18!

The death of Tsarevich Alexei coincided with the birthday of Leonid Brezhnev on December 18, 1980, and these days the country did not know that Kosygin had died.

The ashes of the Tsesarevich have been resting in the Kremlin wall since December 24, 1980!

KOSYGIN MADE AN ECONOMIC MIRACLE OUT OF OUR COUNTRY! REAL! EVERLASTING MEMORY!

Until 1927, the Royal Family met on the stones of St. Seraphim of Sarov, next to the Tsar's dacha, on the territory of the Vvedensky Skete of the Seraphim-Ponetaevsky Monastery. Now only the former baptismal remained from the Skit. It was closed in 1927 by the NKVD forces. This was preceded by general searches, after which all the nuns were moved to different monasteries in Arzamas and Ponetaevka. And icons, jewelry, bells and other property were taken to Moscow.

In the 20s - 30s. Nicholas II stayed in Diveevo at st. Arzamasskaya, 16, in the house of Alexandra Ivanovna Grashkina - schema nun Dominica (1906 - 2009).

Stalin built a dacha in Sukhumi next to the dacha of the Royal Family and came there to meet with the Emperor and his cousin Nicholas II.

In the form of an officer, Nicholas II visited the Kremlin with Stalin, as confirmed by General Vatov (d. 2004), who served in Stalin's guard.

Marshal Mannerheim, having become the President of Finland, immediately left the war, as he secretly communicated with the Emperor. And in the office of Mannerheim hung a portrait of Nicholas II. Confessor of the Royal Family since 1912 Fr. Aleksey (Kibardin, 1882 - 1964), living in Vyritsa, took care of a woman who arrived there from Finland in 1956 on a post-maternity leave. the eldest daughter of the Tsar - Olga.

In Sofia after the revolution, in the building of the Holy Synod on St. Alexander Nevsky Square, the confessor of the Highest Family Vladyka Feofan (Bystrov) lived.

Vladyka never served a memorial service for the August Family and told his cell-attendant that the Royal Family was alive! And even in April 1931, he traveled to Paris to meet with Sovereign Nicholas II and with the people who freed the Royal Family from imprisonment. Vladyka Feofan also said that over time the Romanov family would be restored, but through the female line.

Expertise

Head Oleg Makeev, Department of Biology of the Ural Medical Academy, said: “Genetic examination after 90 years is not only difficult due to the changes that have occurred in the bone tissue, but also cannot give an absolute result even if it is carefully performed. The methodology used in the studies already conducted is still not recognized as evidence by any court in the world.”

A foreign expert commission to investigate the fate of the Royal Family, established in 1989, chaired by Pyotr Nikolaevich Koltypin-Vallovsky, commissioned a study by scientists from Stanford University and received data on the inconsistency of the DNA of the “Yekaterinburg remains”.

The Commission provided for DNA analysis a fragment of the finger of V. K. St. Elizabeth Feodorovna Romanova, whose relics are stored in the Jerusalem Church of Mary Magdalene.

“The sisters and their children should have identical mitochondrial DNA, but the results of the analysis of the remains of Elizaveta Feodorovna do not correspond to the previously published DNA of the alleged remains of Alexandra Feodorovna and her daughters,” the scientists concluded.

The experiment was conducted by an international team of scientists led by Dr. Alec Knight, a molecular systematist at Stanford University, with the participation of geneticists from Eastern Michigan University, Los Alamos National Laboratory, with the participation of Dr. Lev Zhivotovsky, an employee of the Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

After the death of an organism, DNA begins to rapidly decompose, (cut) into parts, and the more time passes, the more these parts are shortened. After 80 years, without creating special conditions, DNA segments longer than 200 - 300 nucleotides are not preserved. And in 1994, during the analysis, a segment of 1.223 nucleotides was isolated.”

Thus, Pyotr Koltypin-Vallovskoy emphasized: “Geneticists again refuted the results of the examination conducted in 1994 in the British laboratory, on the basis of which it was concluded that the Yekaterinburg remains belonged to Tsar Nicholas II and his Family.”

Japanese scientists presented to the Moscow Patriarchate the results of their research regarding the "Ekaterinburg remains".

On December 7, 2004, Bishop Alexander of Dmitrov, vicar of the Moscow Diocese, met with Dr. Tatsuo Nagai in the MP building. Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Director of the Department of Forensic and Scientific Medicine, Kitazato University (Japan). Since 1987 he has been working at Kitazato University, he is Vice Dean of the Joint School of Medical Sciences, Director and Professor of the Department of Clinical Hematology and the Department of Forensic Medicine. Published 372 scientific papers and delivered 150 presentations at international medical conferences in various countries. Member of the Royal Society of Medicine in London.

He carried out the identification of the mitochondrial DNA of the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II. During the assassination attempt on Tsarevich Nicholas II in Japan in 1891, his handkerchief was left there, which was applied to the wound. It turned out that the structures of DNA from the cuts in 1998 in the first case differ from the structure of DNA in both the second and third cases. A research team led by Dr. Nagai took a sample of dried sweat from the clothes of Nicholas II, stored in the Catherine Palace of Tsarskoye Selo, and performed a mitochondrial analysis of it.

In addition, a mitochondrial DNA analysis of the hair, bone of the lower jaw and the thumbnail of V.K. Georgy Alexandrovich, the younger brother of Nicholas II, buried in the Peter and Paul Cathedral, was performed. I compared DNA from the cuts of bones buried in 1998 in the Peter and Paul Fortress with blood samples from Tikhon Nikolayevich, the native nephew of Emperor Nicholas II, as well as with sweat and blood samples of Tsar Nicholas II himself.

Dr. Nagai's conclusions: "We got results different from those obtained by Drs. Peter Gill and Pavel Ivanov on five points."

Glorification of the King

Sobchak (Finkelstein, d. 2000), being the mayor of St. Petersburg, committed a monstrous crime - he issued death certificates for Nicholas II and members of his family to Leonida Georgievna. He issued certificates in 1996 - without even waiting for the conclusions of the "official commission" of Nemtsov.

The “protection of the rights and legitimate interests” of the “Imperial House” in Russia began in 1995 by the late Leonida Georgievna, who, on behalf of her daughter, the “Head of the Russian Imperial House”, applied for state registration of the deaths of members of the Imperial House killed in 1918-1919. and the issuance of death certificates.

On December 1, 2005, an application was submitted to the Prosecutor General's Office for the "rehabilitation of Emperor Nicholas II and members of his family." This application was submitted on behalf of "Princess" Maria Vladimirovna by her lawyer G. Yu. Lukyanov, who replaced Sobchak in this post.

The glorification of the Royal Family, although it took place under Ridiger (Alexius II) at the Bishops' Council, was just a cover for the "consecration" of Solomon's temple.

After all, only the Local Council can glorify the king in the face of the Saints. Because the Tsar is the spokesman of the Spirit of the whole people, and not just of the Priesthood. That is why the decision of the Bishops' Council of 2000 must be approved by the Local Council.

According to ancient canons, it is possible to glorify God's saints after healing from various ailments occurs at their graves. After that, it is checked how this or that ascetic lived. If he lived a righteous life, then healing comes from God. If not, then such healings are done by the Bes, and then they will turn into new diseases.

In order to be convinced from your own experience, you need to go to the grave of Emperor Nicholas II, in Nizhny Novgorod, at the Krasnaya Etna cemetery, where he was buried on December 26, 1958.

The famous Nizhny Novgorod elder and priest Grigory (Dolbunov, d. 1996) buried and buried the Sovereign Emperor Nicholas II.

Sergey Zhelenkov