Symptoms of a sharp increase in blood sugar. diabetes mellitus in pregnant women

The classic list of external symptoms of high blood glucose includes:

1. Constant intense thirst.
2. Sharp non-dynamic increases or.
3. Frequent urination.
4. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.
5. Dryness of the skin and mucous membranes.
6. Vision problems, spasms of accommodative muscles.
7. Weak immune response to infections, poor wound healing.
8. Deep noisy breathing, medium form of hyperventilation.
9. In acute forms of hyperglycemia, severe dehydration, ketoacidosis, impaired consciousness, and in some cases coma are observed.

It should be understood that the above signs can be indicators of the symptoms of various diseases, therefore, if at least a few negative manifestations are found, you should consult a doctor and take tests to determine the exact diagnosis.

Possible reasons

Most often, the cause of the symptom is:

1. . In the vast majority of cases, chronic manifestation of hyperglycemia is the main characteristic of this disease.
2. Wrong nutrition. Severe violations of the normal diet, as well as the predominance of a high-calorie basis in food, can lead to acute forms of hyperglycemia and not be associated with its diabetic form.
3. Stress. Post-stress hyperglycemia is typical for patients with weak immunity, most often against the background of the development of a local inflammatory process.
4. Severe infectious diseases of a wide spectrum.
5. Taking a number of medications - rituximab, corticosteroids, niacin, free-form asperaginase, beta-blockers, 1-2 generation antidepressants, protease inhibitors, thiazide diuretics, fentimidine.
6. Chronic deficiency in the body, vitamins of group B.

Causes of high sugar levels in adults and pregnant women

As medical practice shows, in 90 percent of cases, persistent chronic hyperglycemia in adults is a manifestation of diabetes mellitus, mainly type 2. Additional negative factors are usually poorly developed circadian rhythms of sleep and wakefulness, stress at work, as well as a sedentary lifestyle accompanied by obesity.

Elevated blood sugar levels deserve special attention - hyperglycemia here can be temporary in nature, associated with the restructuring of the body as a whole and hormonal changes in particular (physiological manifestation), or be a special type of diabetes mellitus - the so-called gestational diabetes mellitus, which occurs during pregnancy and often disappears after childbirth. If in the first case, the usual medical monitoring of the patient's condition is sufficient, in the second case, the disease, which is detected in 4–5 percent of women in an interesting position, can harm both the fetus and the health of the expectant mother, so experts prescribe complex therapy, taking into account the current physiology sick.

Causes of High Blood Sugar in Newborns and Children

In children of primary school and adolescence, hyperglycemia is usually associated with a number of factors - malnutrition, stress and the development of infectious and inflammatory processes against the background of activation of activated endogenous counter-insulin hormones, which are produced in large quantities with the active growth of the body. Only in some cases, after the exclusion of all the above reasons, children are diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, mainly type 1.

Neonatal hyperglycemia deserves special attention - it is caused by a number of factors that are usually not related to the classical causes of symptoms in children and adults. In the vast majority of cases, an increase in blood sugar levels is due to the active intravenous administration of glucose in newborns with a small body weight. In premature babies in the first days of life, hyperglycemia is a manifestation of a lack of a hormone that breaks down proinsulin, often against the background of incomplete resistance to insulin itself.

The transient type of hyperglycemia can also be caused by the introduction of glucocorticosteroids, fungal sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome, hypoxia. As modern medical statistics show, more than half of newborns admitted to the intensive care unit for one reason or another have elevated blood sugar levels. Although high glucose levels are less common than classical hypoglycemia, the likelihood of complications and the risk of death is greater here.

Diagnostics

A set of basic diagnostic measures to detect elevated blood sugar levels include texts and testing. If you have mild hyperglycemia, it is quite difficult to determine it yourself using a classic convenient glucometer. In this case, it is better to consult a doctor who will prescribe the appropriate tests.

1. on an empty stomach A well-known orthotoluidine method that determines the concentration of glucose in plasma without taking into account other reducing components. It is taken in the morning on an empty stomach (12 hours before the analysis, it is necessary to refuse to eat, take medications and exercise). If the primary diagnosis reveals deviations from the norm, the specialist directs the patient for additional studies.
2. loading method. It is carried out mainly in a day / round-the-clock hospital. In the morning, blood is donated on an empty stomach, adhering to the rules of the first method, after which glucose is dosed into the body and after a few hours, blood is taken again. If the results of the secondary test threshold of 11 mmol / l are exceeded, the doctor usually makes a diagnosis of hyperglycemia.
3. Clarifying reducing method. Donating blood for analysis, taking into account other components - in particular, uric acid, ergonine, creatinine. Allows you to clarify the diagnosis and identify possible related problems - for example, diabetic nephropathy.

Possible consequences

Hyperglycemia is just a symptom that indicates a malfunction of the body's systems or diabetes. However, this does not mean that there are no complications with high blood sugar levels. The most dangerous consequence of this pathological condition is ketoacidosis. This violation of carbohydrate metabolism significantly increases the concentration of ketone bodies in the blood plasma, most often against the background of diabetes of any type of decompensation stage, which in turn provokes ketonuria, arrhythmia, respiratory disorders, the rapid progress of sluggish infections present in the body, dehydration. In some cases, in the absence of a proper qualified medical response, a diabetic / hyperglycemic coma develops, and after the pH level (acidity of the body) drops to 6.8, clinical death occurs.

How to lower blood sugar levels?

Therapy for hyperglycemia is aimed at temporarily eliminating high blood glucose levels, as well as treating the underlying disease that caused this pathological condition.

Medicines and drugs that lower blood sugar levels:

1. Direct injection of insulin. The dosage is selected individually, in the precoma state, preparations of ultra-short maximally rapid action are used - humalog, humulin.
2. The use of oral hypoglycemic agents. Groups of drugs based on benzoic acids, sensitizers, A-glucosidase inhibitors, phenylalanine amino acids, sulfonylurea - maninil, metformin, etc.
3. Abundant drink. A weak solution of baking soda in severe forms of hyperglycemia.
4. In the medium term - a therapeutic diet.

Nutrition and diet

Since persistent hyperglycemia in the vast majority of cases is a manifestation of diabetes, a proper diet is essential for effective treatment of the problem.

It is especially important to stick to a diet in case of detection of type 1 diabetes. Base - exclusion from the diet of food based on easily digestible carbohydrates, as well as the maximum balance of the diet in terms of calories, fats and proteins.

Foods that lower blood sugar

Of the variety of products on the domestic market, with a high level of glucose in the blood, it is necessary to choose those that have the lowest glycemic index. It should be understood that there is no food that would reduce sugar - all currently known low-glycemic food practically does not increase its level, however, it cannot relieve a person of hyperglycemia on its own.

1. Seafood - lobster, crabs and spiny lobsters have one of the lowest glycemic indexes.
2. Soy cheeses - in particular tofu.
3. Cabbage, zucchini, pumpkin, lettuce.
4. Spinach, soy, broccoli.
5. Mushrooms.
6. Separate types of fruits - lemons, avocados, grapefruit, cherries.
7. Cucumbers, tomatoes, sweet peppers, celery, carrots, asparagus, horseradish.
8. Fresh onion, Jerusalem artichoke.
9. Separate types of spices - ginger, mustard, cinnamon.
10. Oils - linseed or rasp.
11. Foods rich in fiber - legumes, nuts (walnuts, cashews, almonds), cereals (oatmeal).
12. Lentils.

All of the above products are on the "green list" and can be consumed without fear for people with hyperglycemia.

Diet

Modern medicine considers diet to be one of the main factors in normalizing the quality of life and health of patients with hyperglycemia, which plays a key role in the treatment of diabetes and allows effective compensation of carbohydrate metabolism.

For patients diagnosed with the first type of diabetes, diet is mandatory and vital. In type 2 diabetics, on the other hand, proper nutrition is often aimed at correcting body weight.

The basic concept of a diet is a bread unit, the equivalent of 10 grams of carbohydrates. For people with hyperglycemia, detailed tables have been developed indicating this parameter for most modern foods present in the diet.

When determining the daily set of such products, it is imperative to exclude any refined food, sweets, sugar and limit as much as possible pasta, white bread, rice / semolina, as well as diet components with refractory fats, focusing on carbohydrate foods with a large amount of dietary fiber. and not forgetting the balance of polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids.

It is advisable to eat food fractionally, developing a daily diet for three main and 2-3 additional meals. The daily set for the classic 2 thousand calories for a person with hyperglycemia without complications and an indicative menu includes:

• Breakfast 1 - 50 grams of black bread, one egg, 5 grams of butter, a glass of milk, 40 grams of allowed cereals.
• Breakfast 2 - 25 grams of black bread, 100 grams of fruit and low-fat cottage cheese.
• Lunch - 50 grams of permitted bread, 100 grams of lean meat and potatoes, 20 grams of dried fruits, 200 grams of vegetables and 10 grams of vegetable oil.
• Snack - 25 grams of black bread and 100 grams of fruit / milk.
• Dinner - 25 grams of bread, 80 grams of low-fat fish or seafood, 100 grams of potatoes, vegetables and fruits, 10 grams of vegetable oil.
• Before going to bed - 25 grams of bread and a glass of low-fat yogurt.

Any replacement of products is possible with calorie equivalents within the four main basic groups:

1. Vegetables, fruits / berries, bread, cereals.
2. Cottage cheese, low-fat varieties of fish / meat.
3. Sour cream, cream, oils.
4. Milk/eggs and other components containing a variety of food ingredients.

The use of sweeteners, so popular at the beginning of the new century, is now criticized by large groups of nutritionists because of their high calorie content, so we do not recommend abusing them, in extreme cases, using them strictly limited in your daily diet.

Useful video

Elevated blood sugar

Elena Malysheva. Treatment of diabetes

Whenever a person goes to the hospital, they take tests to determine the level of sugar in the blood. It is these indicators that are the main ones for determining the state of health of the patient. Thanks to glucose, the cells of the body are saturated and receive all the necessary energy.

But it is worth remembering that the body is not able to process the resulting sugar on its own without a hormone such as insulin, which is produced by the pancreas. There is a group of foods that help maintain blood sugar levels in both adults and children. Signs of high blood sugar may not appear immediately, therefore, with any discomfort in the body, you should consult a doctor and undergo an examination.

The norm of glucose in the blood

Sugar levels in the body should not exceed the allowable level, and if we talk about numbers, then the maximum allowable glucose level is 100 ml / 1 deciliter. With slight increases in the indicator, the patient may not feel any changes. But, if the level significantly exceeds the required norm, then the symptoms will be visible “obvious”. Unfortunately, few people know what sugar levels are considered acceptable.

Both men and women have the same blood sugar levels. But the exception can be attributed to the period of pregnancy. During 9 months of gestation, many changes occur in the body of the weaker sex, and the sugar level is no exception, which accordingly affects the development of the child.

It is worth considering that before donating blood for sugar, you must refuse food, as this affects the final result. Otherwise, it is necessary to warn the doctor about the products used, this will help to correctly calculate the indicators. The norm of blood glucose in a healthy person is considered to be a level in the range of 3.9-5 mmol / 1 liter. In the case when a person ate food or drinks shortly before the test, the indicators may increase to 5.5 mmol. It is worth remembering that the indicators of capillary and venous blood are slightly different.

Blood sugar readings for men and women differ significantly from those of a child, but the symptoms and causes of the changes are the same.

Signs of high sugar levels

Both an increase and a decrease in blood sugar levels will not go unnoticed, and the body will immediately begin to respond to such changes. A sharp change in glucose levels can be detected independently. This can be done by the following symptoms:

1. There is a constant feeling of thirst. A person constantly drinks water, but the feeling of fullness still does not come. This is due to the fact that glucose is a substance that attracts water. With an increase in the amount of sugar, the amount of water in the body decreases, which leads to constant thirst.
2. Against the background of the first sign, there is a desire for frequent visits to the toilet. The body begins to actively get rid of excess fluid, the kidneys work in an enhanced mode. With malfunctions of the kidneys, pressure can rise. Even with the manifestation of these symptoms, it is worth visiting a doctor.
3. There is itching on the skin. In children, this phenomenon can lead to the formation of wounds on the skin.
4. An increase in blood sugar can lead to inflammation of the genitourinary system. There are pains in the groin area in men, inflammation of the foreskin. Women may experience itching, burning in the labia, dry mucous membranes.
5. A high level of sugar leads to the fact that various lesions on the skin do not heal well in a person. This happens due to the fact that the cells do not have enough energy, the tissues cannot recover quickly. A high glucose content is a favorable condition for the reproduction of various bacteria, which leads to inflammation and purulent processes.
6. In the body, changes such as electrolyte imbalance occur. Such changes occur due to the fact that a person excretes a large amount of fluid, with which all useful microelements leave, this is especially dangerous for the child and his development. This manifests itself in the form of muscle and calf cramps and disorders of the cardiovascular system.
7. In parallel, a person may feel general constant fatigue, lethargy, headaches. In children, this manifests itself in a constant desire to sleep and inattention.
8. Another symptom of high blood sugar is a constant feeling of hunger. A person constantly wants to eat, the result is excess weight, which is quite difficult to get rid of.
9. Too high blood sugar is manifested by the smell of acetone from the body and mouth of a person. This condition is quite dangerous, therefore, with such a symptom, you need to consult a doctor very quickly.

If left untreated, a person gradually develops more serious disorders in the body:

• Violation of visual functions, vision gradually becomes worse, painful sensations in the eyes are noted.
• The gums begin to bleed and, as a result, the teeth stagger.
• The limbs may lose sensitivity, there is numbness, goosebumps, tingling.
• There are malfunctions in the work of the organs of the digestive tract, constipation alternates with diarrhea.
• Due to the constantly large amount of fluid in the body, swelling appears.
• There is a violation of the kidneys, diseases of the urinary system are often noted.
• Various diseases of the cardiovascular system are diagnosed.
• There are problems with the intellect, memory impairment is noted.

If in adults the disease manifests itself more clearly, then in children it is difficult to identify it at the first signs, and in order to identify a high level of sugar, it is necessary to take glucose tests.

Causes of an increase in glucose

There are a lot of reasons why blood sugar levels can rise, but the main ones include the following:

1. factor of heredity. Genetic predisposition can manifest itself at an early age in children. Most often, it is worth reviewing the diseases of the next of kin to determine the level of risk.
2. With autoimmune diseases. In this case, the body begins to reject its own organs, harming them.
3. Excess body weight.
4. Physical and psychological trauma. Often, severe stress experiences become violations of sugar levels. In a child, this can manifest itself in constant irritability and nervousness.
5. Changes in the blood supply to the pancreas.

All of the above symptoms occur in the case of a disease, but there are also accompanying points that can change glucose levels in a healthy person. The main reasons for the change in sugar include:

• eating food containing a large amount of carbohydrates;
• if low physical activity;
• bad habits (smoking, alcohol), very often this reason becomes the main one in men.

Patients who experience complications such as:

• diseases of the endocrine system;
• liver disease;
• pancreatic disorders.

It is worth noting that increased blood sugar in children, the symptoms of which are the same as in an adult, manifests itself slightly and in order to identify it, it is worth paying more attention to the well-being of the baby.

Restoring blood glucose levels

Before proceeding with the treatment and normalization of blood sugar levels, it is necessary to identify the causes of its violation. This can be done only after passing the tests and consulting with a specialist.

Usually, a violation of the norm of sugar is a consequence of a disease, and only if it is detected and treated accordingly, it is possible to bring sugar back to normal. You can restore the level of glucose not only with the help of medicines, but also use a certain diet, but only with the consent of the doctor.

If a patient is diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, then the doctor prescribes a specific course of treatment, the same for both men and women. In parallel, it is necessary to follow a certain diet, which involves reducing sugar intake.

It is also necessary to add foods that help reduce the amount of glucose in the body. It is necessary to discuss with your doctor what foods you can eat with diabetes. For children, following such a diet is much more difficult, but if it is difficult for them to give up sweets, then such products can be replaced with sweeteners.

In any case, at the slightest deviation in health, or a change in the well-being of a child or an adult, it is worth visiting a doctor and undergoing a full examination. After all, this can help to timely determine the disease and start treatment, which in many cases can even save you from the most deplorable consequences.

A general blood test includes. There are certain limits, being in which is considered the norm. But in some people it occurs or, on the contrary, is lowered.

The role of blood sugar

Sugar is glucose that enters the body with food. The main suppliers are simple sugars and easily digestible carbohydrates. Breaking down to acids, glucose is converted into energy needed by every cell of the body for life and development. The complex process of glucose breakdown is determined by the hormone insulin, which the pancreas produces in exactly the right amount, depending on the amount of incoming food.

With violations in the controlling organ - the endocrine system, there is a failure in the production of insulin. Excess glucose accumulates in tissues, causing a systemic disease -.

Type I diabetes mellitus is associated with a violation of insulin production; in type II diabetes, insulin is produced to the full, but is not able to process glucose. As a rule, the first type of diabetes mellitus manifests itself at an early age with a hereditary tendency to the disease, the second - acquired, is the result of an unhealthy lifestyle.

Symptoms

• For relatively healthy men and women, blood glucose norms are considered to be 3.3 - 5.5 mmol / l
• For a newborn child, the norm is 2.7 - 5.5 mmol / l, then this figure increases and by the year is compared with the norm for an adult.
• Perhaps a slight increase in sugar in a pregnant woman up to 6.6 mmol / l

For people with an established diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and constantly elevated blood sugar, up to 8.0 mmol / l is considered the norm.

The result of a study of capillary blood (from a finger) differs from venous blood. When the sugar level ranges from 4.0 to 6.8 mmol / l and is considered acceptable. The amount of sugar increases sharply after eating in 1.5 -2 hours. Therefore, blood sampling for sugar is carried out early in the morning on an empty stomach, even unsweetened tea is prohibited, and dinner on the eve of the test should be light and not plentiful. Alcohol consumption during the previous three days of blood donation significantly affects the result of the analysis.

Approximate blood sugar

The reasons

The causes of high blood sugar are varied. Spontaneous, non-disease related hyperglycemia is observed:

• In case of violation of the principles of a balanced diet, with an abundance of fatty, fried foods; milk fat; refractory animal fats; smoked meats; an abundance of bakery products and everything that loads the pancreas.
• Abuse of alcoholic products also negatively affects the functioning of the liver and kidneys.
• Systematic overeating leads to wear and tear of the digestive system, constantly working "at the limit".
• Prolonged stress and depression.
• Pregnancy.
• P.M.S.
• Regular violation of the diet leads to the development of type 2 diabetes.

The causes of the development of diabetes mellitus - a persistent increase in glucose, as a result of a change in insulin production:

• Pathologies in the system of hormonal regulation (diseases of the pancreas and pathological changes in the adrenal cortex and others).
• Chronic liver diseases.
• Obesity is a systemic disease associated with metabolic disorders.
• Heredity is characteristic of type II diabetes.

What to do

If deviations are found, a person, of course, wonders if blood sugar is elevated, what should I do? First of all, undergo a thorough examination of the endocrine system, pass all the necessary tests, check for the presence of concomitant diseases. Based on all the data, the endocrinologist makes a diagnosis and identifies the cause of the disease. If the diagnosis - diabetes mellitus is confirmed, this is not a reason to become depressed.

There are several main principles of behavior for people with hyperglycemia, the observance of which can significantly improve the quality of life:

1. Nutrition and weight maintenance.
2. Physical exercises.
3. Self-monitoring of sugar levels with.
4. Treatment with folk remedies.
5. Medical therapy.

Let's consider them in more detail.

Nutrition is the most important factor in the treatment of hyperglycemia:

The principle of nutrition in diabetes

• The daily dose of the diet should be divided into 5-6 times.
• Food should be taken at the same time.
• Minimize the consumption of easily digestible carbohydrates as much as possible: bakery products, semolina, sausages and boiled sausages, pastries.
• Completely eliminate sugar and fruits with a high content of sucrose (grapes, bananas) from the diet.
• Avoid overeating.
• Limit the amount of fried, smoked, fatty foods.
• Reduce the amount of salt and hot spices consumed.
• Liquids can be drunk up to 2 liters, but be sure to monitor diuresis.
• Weight gain provokes an increase in the load on the pancreas.

With increased sugar, the diet should consist mainly of: vegetables, leafy greens, fruits (except grapes), berries, legumes, cereals, dietary meat, fish, wholemeal bread, low-fat dairy products, vegetable oil.

Moderate physical activity can normalize the level of sugar with its low increase. And regular exercise helps to keep it within the normal range. In addition, they effectively fight excess weight.

With established hyperglycemia, sugar should be checked at least twice a day. For this, there are special devices - individual glucometers. The measurement process itself is extremely simple. The test strip is inserted into the machine and a drop of blood is taken. Once a month or more often, if necessary, a blood test should be taken at the clinic, since home measurement has some error.

With increased blood sugar, traditional medicine advises regularly using infusions and decoctions of herbs, as well as products that lower blood glucose levels. These include: tomatoes, cucumbers, zucchini, Jerusalem artichoke, asparagus.

Vegetables and juices that reduce sugar

Freshly squeezed juices are used to contain sugar. Such as cherry, pomegranate, citrus, pumpkin, tomato, potato. They can be drunk individually or mixed to taste.

Leafy supplements are very useful: parsley, celery, spinach, garlic.

As active additives that reduce the amount of glucose in the blood, suitable: omega-3 fatty acids, linseed oil, honey, nuts.

Herbal teas are useful for high sugar, both separately prepared and as an additive to regular black tea: blackcurrant, chokeberry, cranberry, rosehip, chamomile, St. John's wort, cornflower (flowers), mint.

All of the above recommendations apply equally to both types of diabetes. But with an insulin-dependent form, it is impossible to do without the use of medications. Patients are shown the introduction of insulin subcutaneously according to a certain schedule, such patients receive the medicine free of charge. In non-insulin-dependent diabetes, drugs are prescribed only in the absence of the effect of the above measures.

If a high level of glucose is detected in the blood, this is an occasion to pay closer attention to your health. Indeed, according to statistics, the vast majority of cases are acquired diabetes. And even with a favorable course of the disease, irreversible complications develop in 15-20 years, which means that the faster a person takes preventive measures, the less likely the disease is to attack him.

Blood sugar tends to rise and fall, which depends on external and internal factors. The main causes of a sharp increase in sugar are excessive consumption of sugary foods, exposure to severe stressful situations and predisposition. At the first manifestations of a sharp increase in glucose, you should immediately contact an endocrinologist to diagnose or exclude diabetes mellitus. It is diabetes that can give a sharp drop or increase in sugar with negative consequences.

In addition to diabetes, there are reasons that are not related to the functional disruption of the endocrine system - this is a psychological factor, a temporary physical one (increased load). Let us examine in more detail what can provoke a sharp increase and fall in sugar in the body of a healthy person, and why this can be fatal.

Causes of a sharp increase in glucose

The main reasons for a sharp increase in glucose lie in the mismatch between the intake of sugar and the ability of insulin to supply it to cells for further energy production, which is why this is accompanied by such manifestations as weakness and malaise. Blood sugar levels drop for the following reasons:

• short-term physiological changes in which the body needs more sugar - increased physical activity, psychological overstrain, stress;
• persistent pain syndrome;
• viral, infectious diseases, accompanied by fever;
• burn areas on the body that provoke pain;
• epileptic seizure, convulsions;
• a sharp hormonal failure or a persistent hormonal disorder in the body;
• diseases of the digestive system, violation of the pancreas.

With regard to diabetes, the causes of a sharp change in sugar depend on the inability of insulin to recognize glucose. But a healthy body does this well, so why is there a sharp drop? As mentioned above, the reasons for this lie in the imbalance. That is, after eating a few grams more sweet than the body needs for energy synthesis, a kind of intoxication begins. This condition has specific signs that you can recognize on your own and correct it in the shortest possible time.

Symptoms of high blood glucose

Typical signs of a sharp increase in glucose are focused on the general well-being of the patient, which changes against the background of disruption of the brain and other systems in the body.

1. External signs: dry mouth, feeling of constant thirst, frequent urge to urinate. All these symptoms indicate an increased need for fluid in the body, which is why the kidneys are disrupted. It is impossible to quench thirst in a pathological condition. Only after it was possible to restore the level of sugar, external manifestations disappear.
2. Pallor of the skin - anemic syndrome develops due to circulatory disorders. The skin becomes more sensitive, wounds heal poorly, as in diabetes, itching appears, which often leads to skin irritation and the appearance of purulent wounds.
3. Decreased performance, a sharp appearance of fatigue, lethargy, apathetic mood. These symptoms are related to the action of insulin. With increased glucose, it is lacking and energy production slows down, or even stops altogether.

Late symptoms of high sugar are weight loss due to hypoxia, neurological disorders, decreased activity, impaired brain function, loss of interest in the outside world, deterioration in concentration and memory.

What to do with a sharp increase in blood glucose

With the manifestation of specific symptoms of an increase in sugar, it is necessary to take a number of measures to restore the normal blood count. It is impossible to allow blood sugar to drop sharply or, on the contrary, increase. To do this, you need to understand the mechanism of action of sugar in the blood. With normal blood sugar levels, insulin is able to perform its function and make glucose extremely useful.

If glucose falls or rises, insulin is unable to perform its function. The first thing to do if sugar drops is to eat something sweet. With a sharp increase in blood glucose, medical assistance is needed, an appeal to an endocrinologist.

With increased glucose, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive examination of the internal organs (do an ultrasound examination and histological analysis), a search is made for latent diabetes. If the cause of the pathological condition is not associated with a systemic disease, the patient is given recommendations about nutrition and is allowed to go home. Already at home, you will have to make special teas based on natural herbs that help reduce sugar. Also, the doctor may prescribe some medications in case of recurrence of signs of hyperglycemia.

Changes in glucose levels are often observed in pregnant women, people with increased physical and mental activity. This is a normal response of the body to stressful changes that are not dangerous for humans, but require increased attention, improved nutrition and rest.

diabetis.ru

High Level Signs

To understand that there has been a jump in sugar concentration, you should know the main characteristic symptoms. The most obvious signs of high glucose include:

• frequent and profuse urination: polyuria develops against the background of high sugar, the kidneys begin to actively remove fluid from the body;
• an obsessive feeling of thirst: the amount of fluid drunk per day can exceed 5 liters, it occurs due to the fact that the kidneys actively remove fluid from the body;
• itching of the skin;
• discomfort in the groin;
• prolonged healing of skin lesions;
• malfunctions of the heart and blood vessels, the appearance of calf cramps - the occurrence of these symptoms is caused by an electrolyte imbalance and leaching of essential trace elements from the body;
• general deterioration of well-being: drowsiness, lethargy, loss of strength;
• feeling of hunger and the associated appearance of excess weight (with the second type of diabetes);
• sudden weight loss (typical for type 1 diabetes);
• decreased visual acuity, the appearance of fog before the eyes.

If these symptoms appear, check your glucose levels. If it turns out to be increased, then you should find out what exactly led to the increase in indicators.

Signs of hypoglycemia

Insufficient glucose content in the body causes neurological, vegetative and metabolic disorders. They usually appear when the level drops to 3 mmol/L. If its concentration drops to 2.3, then the patient will fall into a hypoglycemic coma.

Signs of a drop in glucose levels include:

• pain in the head;
• anxiety;
• hand tremor;
• sweating;
• feeling of irritation;
• constant hunger;
• nervousness;
• tachycardia;
• trembling in the muscles;
• pulsation in the head and on the periphery;
• dizziness;
• lowering blood pressure;
• loss of sensation in some areas;
• partial loss of motor activity.

Hypoglycemia can develop due to:

• intense physical activity;
• taking certain medications (tetracycline antibiotics, vitamin B6, anabolics, sulfonamides, calcium supplements);
• drinking alcohol.

If hypoglycemia is not recognized in time and the necessary measures are not taken, the patient will fall into a coma. Patients do not have much time; with this pathology, people lose consciousness quickly enough. Brain cells stop receiving energy and neurological disorders begin.

Causes of jumps

There can be several reasons for sudden sugar spikes. The most common of these are:

• malnutrition;
• stress;
• infectious diseases, the progression of which disrupts the work of internal organs;
• lack of physical activity.

These reasons provoke changes in indicators even in healthy people. It is possible to reveal that a healthy person has jumping blood sugar by accident. Usually, jumps do not cause concern and are almost asymptomatic. But over time, such a person will develop diabetes.

Non-compliance with the diet and the use of a large amount of fast carbohydrates, fats leads to the fact that the pancreas needs to work hard and produce a significant amount of insulin. Over time, the synthesis of the hormone may decrease and the patient's sugar will increase.

With sedentary work and the lack of sports in life, the likelihood of excess weight increases. A significant level of visceral fat reduces the absorption of insulin by cells, so the concentration of glucose may increase.

In stressful situations, the process of insulin production is inhibited in the body. At the same time, glycogen begins to be released from the liver. This in combination leads to an increase in the amount of sugar in the blood.

Under the influence of these factors, diabetes can develop, this will be evidenced by a constant high level of glucose.

Causes of glucose fluctuations in diabetics

In type 1 disease, constant slight fluctuations in glucose levels are normal. The pancreas cannot cope: it does not produce insulin or produces it in small quantities. Diabetics with type 1 diabetes must regularly inject insulin to compensate for diabetes.

In the second type of disease, an increase can be triggered by stress, poor diet, lack of physical activity, and other factors. Why does sugar jump in type 2 diabetes? The decrease is provoked by such reasons:

• development of persistent pain syndrome;
• infectious lesions, in which the temperature rises;
• the appearance of painful burns;
• convulsions;
• epilepsy;
• hormonal disruptions in the body;
• problems with the digestive system.

These reasons provoke jumps in glucose in both healthy people and diabetics. Patients with diabetes should be aware of the signs of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in order to detect them in time.

Impending danger

Diabetics need to be aware of the consequences of hyperglycemia. Ignoring the symptoms threatens that the patient may fall into a coma. This is what causes blood sugar spikes in diabetics.

With an increase in glucose values, signs of deterioration and impending coma develop gradually. In patients with an insulin-dependent form of the disease, a ketoacidotic coma may occur, and in diabetics with an insulin-independent form of the disease, a hyperosmolar coma.

The risk of ketoacidotic coma appears when:

• sugar rises more than 16 mmol / l;
• more than 50 g/l is excreted in the urine;
• acetone is found in the urine.

At first, the body compensates for such an increase on its own. But after a while, the patient begins to show signs of hyperglycemia. If timely assistance is not provided to him and the sugar does not drop, then other symptoms will join. An impending ketoacidotic coma is evidenced by:

• dyspeptic disorders;
• stomach ache;
• the smell of acetone in the mouth;
• deep breathing;
• dry skin;
• eyeballs become soft.

In the absence of help, the diabetic loses consciousness and falls into a coma. Treatment should be aimed at lowering sugar and restoring body functions.

Hyperosmolar coma in people with type 2 diabetes develops within 2 weeks. Glucose levels can rise to 50 mmol / l, it is actively excreted in the urine. Typical symptoms:

• drowsiness;
• severe weakness;
• dry skin and mucous membranes;
• eyeballs sink;
• breathing is intermittent, shallow and frequent;
• there is no smell of acetone.

Hyperosmolar coma is not preceded by abdominal pain and dyspeptic disorders. But if timely assistance is not provided, renal failure begins.

Coma can also develop against the background of low sugar levels. Therefore, when symptoms of hypoglycemia appear, measures should be taken immediately to increase glucose - for these purposes, you just need to eat sugar or candy. Before a coma in a patient:

• there is a feeling of severe hunger;
• behavior becomes inappropriate;
• euphoria begins;
• coordination is disturbed;
• convulsions begin;
• darkens in the eyes.

To avoid this, you need to know what to do if blood sugar jumps.

Action tactics

If the jumps are not significant and do not threaten a person's life, then the doctor sends the patient for a comprehensive examination to identify the causes of the pathology. In some cases, lifestyle changes and diet can help normalize the condition. By changing the diet, adding physical activity, you can forget about high sugar.

In cases where the patient has the first type of diabetes, insulin is indispensable. It must be administered several times a day. Insulin-dependent people should control their condition in order to avoid the development of complications. They need to learn how to compensate for diabetes. This will prevent spikes in blood glucose levels.

In type 2 disease, treatment tactics are determined after a comprehensive examination. Sugar should be brought back to normal: for this you will have to change your lifestyle. In the advanced form of the disease, insulin injections may also be prescribed. They are necessary in cases where it is not possible to compensate for the condition with diet, exercise and sugar-lowering medications.

You can prevent the appearance of sudden jumps if you completely remove simple carbohydrates from the diet: muffins, sweets, cookies, sugar, honey, sugar-containing juices, jam, soda. These are foods that are prohibited for diabetics. But something from this list must be eaten in cases where sugar has dropped sharply.

But even if you refuse fast carbohydrates, you need to carefully monitor your condition and regularly check your glucose levels. This is the only way to replace the problem in time and prevent further progression of diabetes.

Some women experience spikes in glucose levels during pregnancy and develop gestational diabetes. This condition requires special monitoring by doctors, because women with diabetes always have large children. Diabetes is the cause of preterm labor and many birth injuries.

A pregnant woman is registered with an endocrinologist. To compensate for the condition, the doctor prescribes a diet and physical therapy. If indicated, the endocrinologist may recommend insulin injections.

1.5 months after giving birth, you should check the sugar level again. Even if the indicators are normal, you can not relax. The appearance of gestational diabetes indicates that a woman has a predisposition to type 2 diabetes. Therefore, checks become mandatory.

If there are jumps in glucose concentration, you should immediately consult an endocrinologist. This means that it is not possible to compensate for diabetes and a change in therapy tactics is required. Fluctuations in indicators can be with insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent forms of the disease. In each case, the tactics of treatment is determined individually.

Expert comment:

adiabet.ru

Reasons for high sugar levels

Normal blood sugar levels in adolescents and adults range from 3.2 to 5.5 mmol/L. If the blood sugar levels differ from the norm, then this may indicate the development of pathology.

The reasons for the sharp fluctuations in indicators in type 1 or type 2 diabetes are associated with the inability of insulin, the main hormone that lowers sugar content, to recognize glucose. Sometimes an absolutely healthy person can consume more sweets than required. Then there is a process of increasing blood sugar, but the body overcomes it on its own.

However, diabetes is not the only reason for this increase. The main factors in increasing glucose levels are:

1. Stress and great physical activity. With such rapid physiological changes, the human body needs more glucose.
2. Wrong diet.
3. The presence of prolonged pain syndrome.
4. Viral and infectious diseases that cause an increase in body temperature.
5. The presence of burns on the human body that provoke pain.
6. Convulsions and epileptic seizures.
7. Taking various medications.
8. Violation of the work and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
9. Persistent or sharp hormonal failure in the body (menopause, menstruation in women).
10. Diseases associated with disruption of the endocrine system, pancreas and liver.

With a prolonged increase in glucose levels, you definitely need to sound the alarm.

Symptoms of an increase in sugar

When blood sugar rises, some changes occur in the body. So, the main symptom of an increase in this indicator may be a feeling of thirst, dry mouth and frequent need to relieve yourself.

The reasons for the appearance of such signs are associated with an increase in the load on the kidneys, which must remove excess sugar. They begin to take the missing liquid from the tissues, so they constantly want to drink and go to the toilet “in a small way”.

Other symptoms include:

• Paleness of the skin due to circulatory disorders. At the same time, wounds heal much longer than in a healthy person, sometimes the skin itches and irritations appear on it.
• Drowsiness, fatigue, irritability. This is due to the fact that the cells of the body do not receive the necessary energy, the source of which is glucose.
• Feeling of nausea and vomiting. These symptoms are worse between meals.
• Rapid weight loss and a constant desire to eat. This condition is explained by the fact that with a lack of energy, the body begins to receive it from fat cells and muscle tissues.
• Visual impairment is associated with disruption of the blood vessels inside the eyeballs. This contributes to the development of a disease over time - diabetic retinopathy, which can lead to vision loss in diabetes.

It can be concluded that all symptoms are associated with a lack of energy. After the sugar level rises, the blood begins to thicken. In turn, it cannot pass normally through small blood vessels. That is why the tissues of all organs lack energy.

With a careless attitude towards oneself, disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system and the brain, a large loss of body weight, memory impairment and a decrease in interest in the outside world are possible.

Features of the manifestation of symptoms in diabetes mellitus

If treatment is not started in time or the disease is allowed to take its course, ketoacidotic coma appears in type 1 diabetes mellitus, and hyperosmolar coma appears in type 2 diabetes.

The rapid rise in blood sugar in type 1 diabetics causes the following symptoms:

1. the value of the glucose level may increase up to 16 mmol / l;
2. the presence of acetone in the urine with its specific odor;
3. weakness and sleepiness;
4. thirst and excretion of a large volume of urine;
5. abdominal pain and disruption of the digestive tract;
6. shortness of breath, even with minor physical exertion;
7. skin is very dry;
8. in the worst cases - loss of reason, and then a coma.

In type 2 diabetics, hypermolar coma develops slowly over 1-2 weeks. The main symptoms in which sugar can increase and reach a critical level of sugar are:

1. sugar content is very high - up to 50-55 mmol / l;
2. dehydration of the body, the patient fails to quench his thirst, he often visits the restroom;
3. violation of the digestive processes causes nausea and vomiting;
4. weakness, irritability, drowsiness;
5. dry skin, sunken eyes;
6. in severe cases - the development of renal failure, loss of reason and the onset of coma.

If the worst happened, that is, a coma occurred, the patient needs urgent hospitalization and resuscitation.

Steps to take when lowering blood sugar

After discovering a glucose value that is outside the normal range, it is necessary to determine why the indicator could rise and reach a critical blood sugar level.

If there are no obvious reasons, and there is nothing to worry about, you just need to follow preventive measures to avoid getting diabetes. First of all, special nutrition helps to reduce sugar.

Its main rules are:

• food should be balanced with complex carbohydrates, fats and proteins;
• it is necessary to abandon easily digestible carbohydrates;
• meals should be 5-6 times a day, but in small portions;
• eat more vegetables and fruits;
• for normal digestion, take low-fat dairy products;
• accustom yourself to drink more fluids;
• give up bad habits - smoking and alcohol;
• eat less bread, pastries and sweets.

An active lifestyle will help keep your sugar levels in check. Even if there is no time for classes in the gym, you need to organize walking for at least half an hour a day. You can not load yourself with back-breaking work, the right combination of rest and physical activity will help prevent the development of diabetes.

Overweight and obese people should try to get rid of extra pounds, since they are at risk of developing diabetes.

diabetik.guru

Causes and symptoms of diet with high sugar

Diagnostics Folk remedies

How to lower sugar Complications with high sugar

A condition in which blood sugar rises is called hyperglycemia. Normal glucose levels should be 3.3-5.5 mmol / l, depending on the method of determination.

The level of sugar is an important biological constant (indicators of the internal environment of the body that form the normal physiological processes occurring in systems, organs), which can change for many reasons, leading to the appearance of symptoms of high sugar.

Causes of high blood sugar

Symptoms of high blood sugar

The main symptoms of hyperglycemia are:

• Frequent, painful urination;
• Itching of the skin, in the inguinal region;
• Polydipsia (constant thirst); Dryness in the mouth;
• General weakness, excessive fatigue, drowsiness;
• Decrease or increase in body weight;
• Nocturia (urinating at night)
• Polyuria (increased urine output);
• Decreased vision; The smell of acetone from the mouth.
• Frequent infectious diseases;
• Long healing wounds;
• headache, dizziness;
• Frequent vaginal infections, in some cases impotence in men;

All these symptoms indicate changes in glucose levels, the diagnosis is made on the basis of laboratory tests. For example, acute hyperglycemia is more pronounced than its chronic form.

Mechanism of development of symptoms

To understand why a particular symptom appears, you need to know the mechanisms of its development:

• Polydipsia (constant thirst) is formed due to the fact that sugar attracts water, while there is an increased excretion of fluid from the body. To make up for losses, the body "requests" more and more fluid from the outside;
• Frequent urination is due to the fact that a water molecule binds to a glucose molecule, which leads to an increase in the excretion of fluid from the body using the filtering apparatus of the kidneys;
• Weight loss is most often observed in type 1 diabetes due to the fact that the pancreas cannot produce its own insulin, while glucose is not able to get inside the cells and tissues. The body experiences constant energy starvation. In type 2, an increase in body weight is observed, while against the background of obesity, glucose cannot bind to tissues, since the receptors that bind them do not function correctly;
• Pain in the head, drowsiness, fatigue are associated with starvation of the brain, since glucose is the main source of energy for the central nervous system (CNS);
• Poor wound healing is also associated with high glucose levels, since sugar is a favorable nutrient medium for the propagation of conditionally pathogenic microflora (bacteria, viruses). For the full performance of leukocytes, glucose is also needed, which is not enough. Therefore, protective blood cells cannot destroy pathogens;
• The smell of acetone appears due to the oxidation of lipids (fats), an increase in the level of ketone bodies in the blood.

Diagnostics

With hyperglycemia, the patient should undergo a glucose tolerance test to establish a more accurate diagnosis. The test is carried out with the participation of glucose in its pure form (75 gr.). In the morning on an empty stomach, a person donates blood to the level of sugar, then drinks a glucose solution, after 2 hours the blood is donated again.

In order for the result to be reliable, the following rules must be observed:

• On the eve of the test, physical exercises, heavy physical activity should be excluded;
• The last meal should be no more than 10 hours before the study;
• Before taking the test, you must adhere to the usual diet;
• Before taking the test, you need to get a good night's sleep;
• It is advisable to avoid stress, emotional overstrain;
• Do not worry about the analysis, you should calm down;
• After taking the glucose solution, it is advisable not to walk.

The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is made if on an empty stomach sugar is above 7.0 mmol / l, and after taking the solution after 2 hours - 11.1 mmol / l and above.

Additionally, a test for glycated hemoglobin is carried out, a pathology is considered if the indicator is above 6%. In addition, a test is carried out for the level of amylin, which inhibits the rapid release of insulin into the blood after eating (for people with diabetes, the indicator will be low), incretins (stimulators of insulin production), glucagon (stimulates sugar production).

How to lower blood sugar

To achieve a steady decrease in sugar, you need to know the reason that led to its increase. In secondary diabetes, one of three methods can be applied:

1. Remove neoplasm;
2. Stop taking drugs that increase sugar;
3. Treat thyrotoxicosis and other diseases.

If it is impossible to eliminate the cause that caused the increase in glucose, or type 1 or type 2 diabetes was formed primarily, compensatory therapy is prescribed. For these purposes, use the introduction of insulin (type 1 diabetes) or hypoglycemic tablets (type 2 diabetes). If a person has gestational diabetes mellitus, then it is possible to achieve a decrease in hyperglycemia only with the help of one diet.

Diet with high sugar

With hyperglycemia, special attention should be paid to your diet, special diets have been developed, the main purpose of which is to reduce the consumption of simple (fast) carbohydrates.

If a person is overweight, the food should be low-calorie, include all the nutrients, vitamins. Every day a person should consume fats, carbohydrates, proteins. Carbohydrates should be slowly broken down and beneficial. A sign of a beneficial type of carbohydrate is its low position on the glycemic index (GI) table.

You need to eat in small portions up to 6 times a day, the breaks between meals should be no more than 3 hours. The number of calories consumed will depend on physiological indicators (weight, gender) and on the physical activity of a person.

Foods that lower blood sugar:

• Buckwheat - contains a large amount of minerals (iron, rutin), vitamins (B6), vegetable protein. Buckwheat porridge contains a small amount of carbohydrates, due to this, not only sugar is normalized, but also the patient's weight. Vegetable protein is quickly absorbed and leaves a feeling of satiety for a long time. Substances included in buckwheat remove toxins, reduce "bad" cholesterol, cleanse blood vessels, liver;
• Buckwheat flour with curdled milk is a reliable method to reduce sugar to normal levels. For cooking, you need 1 tbsp. a spoonful of buckwheat flour (grind the groats in a coffee grinder) pour 200 ml of yogurt or kefir. Leave the mixture overnight, you need to consume on an empty stomach one hour before meals for 7 days;
• Citrus and sour fruits (lemon, orange, grapefruit) normalize blood glucose levels;
• Vegetables (Jerusalem artichoke), herbs, spices (onion, garlic, spinach). Berries (chokeberry blueberries, lingonberries). Legumes (lentils, beans).

Folk remedies for high sugar

You can also lower the level of sugar with the help of folk methods:

• In the spring, collect swollen lilac buds, pour 2 tbsp. spoons of kidneys 2 mugs of hot water. You need to defend for 6 hours, you can in a thermos. Filter, then consume the infusion throughout the day;
• 40 gr. partitions from the walnut shell pour ½ liter of water. Put on a slow fire for 60 minutes, cool, filter. Consume 1 tbsp. spoon each time before the main meal;
• Grate fresh horseradish root, mix with sour milk or yogurt in a ratio of 1:10. Consume 1 tbsp. a spoonful of the mixture before meals three times a day;
• Take 1 mug of oats and pour 6 mugs of boiled hot water, put on a slow fire for 60 minutes. Cool, filter and drink whenever you want and in any quantity. Keep the drink in a cool place;
• Grind 10 bay leaves, put in a thermos and pour 1 cup of boiling water. Insist throughout the day, filter, consume warm ¼ cup before the main meal, no more than 4 times a day.

diabet-doctor.ru

Why do sugar spikes happen?

The main symptom with a sharp jump in glucose is provoked by its deviation from the norm and the ability of insulin to deliver glucose to the cells for subsequent energy produced by it. This leads to feelings of weakness and fatigue of the body.

The reasons for the drop in blood glucose levels are as follows:

• changes that manifested themselves for a short period of time at the physiological level (psychological, stressful state);
• viruses and infections that contribute to an increase in temperature;
• convulsive states and seizures of an epileptic nature;
• during a sudden failure of the hormonal background or in violation of the work of hormones.

If we consider diabetes mellitus in a sick person, then sudden shifts in sugar are directly dependent on the fact that insulin cannot recognize glucose. Insulin in a healthy person is able to recognize it, then why is there a rapid decrease? This factor depends on the imbalance. If a person ate sweets, more than expected, he becomes intoxicated. You can recognize it and adjust it yourself.

Symptoms of high blood sugar are:

• External indicators - the mucous membrane of the mouth dries up, there is a regular desire to drink, often you want to go to the toilet, the volume of outgoing urine increases. These symptoms indicate an increased need for fluid, so there is a violation of the kidneys. If the condition is pathological, then thirst will not be quenched. This can be done by restoring the glucose level.
• The skin is pale - this is due to a violation of the circulatory system. The skin becomes sensitive, wound healing takes a long time, skin itching appears, irritating it.
• The ability to act decreases, fatigue appears, the state is lethargic and sleepy. This is due to the fact that glucose does not enter the cells, but is located in the blood. Therefore, the body does not receive the necessary energy.
• A state of nausea that worsens between meals.
• Unexplained vomiting is possible.
• The body weight is rapidly decreasing. With a lack of insulin, energy is not produced. Then the body takes strength from muscle tissues and fat cells. A person constantly wants to eat.
• Sometimes reduced vision, headaches.
• For a long period of time, wounds and cuts are healed.

These symptoms are associated with the action of inulin. If glucose is elevated, then it is not enough, so energy is produced slowly or stops being produced altogether.

If blood sugar has increased, then disorders of the nervous system, weight loss, activity are noted as late symptoms, brain function is disrupted, attention to others is lost, memory deteriorates.

What actions should be taken with high sugar

The first thing to do when you find high sugar is to go on a therapeutic diet. The diet is aimed at reducing the amount of sugar in the blood. It decreases after the consumption of easily digestible carbohydrates with food has decreased in the diet.

Rules for the consumption of food aimed at reducing sugar:

• Patients who are overweight should reduce the calories of food consumed.
• Therapeutic nutrition is aimed at eating a diet balanced with fats, proteins and carbohydrates.
• Eat foods with slow digestibility of carbohydrates.
• Portions should be small, eat an average of 6 times a day.
• Calories in quantity should not exceed energy expenditure.
• Eat vegetables and fruits, low-fat dairy products.
• Drink plenty of water to keep the body imbalanced.
• It is necessary to give up alcoholic beverages, bakery products.

Diabetes progresses slowly. Type 1 disease will appear months after recovery from a viral infection. This type of diabetes mellitus is often observed in children who previously constantly suffered viral infections. In this case, increased glucose in the urine and blood is manifested rather difficult, acetone is also observed in the urine and a precoma and coma develops. If a person was given timely assistance, and the doctor prescribed the necessary dose of insulin, then diabetes mellitus will continue to proceed without complications throughout life.

Imperceptible onset in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its development falls on the age of a person after 45 years. The first symptoms of this type are all kinds of infections, ulcers, fungus, skin diseases, infections of the genitourinary system. With diabetes, metabolism is disturbed, then the immune system suffers. People who have reached the age of 45 and older take a blood test for sugar. Often in the blood and urine, the presence of glucose in excess of the norm is detected. With diabetes of this type, symptoms may not be expressed. A person may not notice them - this is a sufficient intake in the liquid, significant volumes during urination. Even when the patient is in good health, it is necessary to diagnose diabetes mellitus. As a result of not treating diabetes, everything ends in a diabetic coma. It can also be severe complications of other organs and tissues of the body.

Rapid increase in blood sugar in diabetes

If time is not corrected and measures are taken, increased glucose contributes to the appearance of a diabetic coma. Coma develops slowly. In type 1 patients, this is a ketoacidotic coma, and in type 2, it is hyperosmolar.

Symptoms in type 1

The course of ketoacidotic coma is observed in the contained increased sugar of 15-16 mmol / l, its excretion immediately with urine on average 50 g / l, acetone appears in the urine, metabolic acidosis develops. At the initial stages of type 1, the body compensates for these disorders, then the following symptoms appear: weakness in the body, sleepiness, thirst, accompanied by a large intake of fluid, a significant amount of urine is excreted. Without helping a person in time, vomiting may open, he feels sick, he swears, pains in the abdomen are felt, acetone is felt when exhaling, deep breathing becomes (thus, excess carbon dioxide leaves and acidity decreases). The skin is dry, there is a large loss of fluid along with sugar. Then the patient has a loss of reason and coma.

Type 2 symptoms

In type 2 diabetes, a delayed development of hyperosmolar coma occurs, over 7-14 days. In the blood, sugar jumps, reaching a dangerous level - 50-55 mmol / l and above and exits with urine. Since a large amount of it is released, dehydration of the body occurs, which is a continuation of the coma. A person is constantly thirsty, he consumes a lot of liquid and therefore repeatedly visits the bathroom. Then there are symptoms such as weakness in the body, lethargy, want to sleep. Vomiting and nausea, and pain in the abdomen do not occur. Obvious signs of type 2 dehydration in diabetes mellitus are very noticeable - the skin is dry to the touch, facial features are pointed, eyes are sunken, the patient breathes often, acetone is not felt. If you do not provide medical assistance, an acute form of renal failure develops, this leads to loss of reason and coma.

With the onset of a coma, urgent hospitalization and resuscitation are necessary.

Diabetes is a disease that requires constant monitoring. Therefore, people who have this disease monitor their glucose levels with a glucometer.

If nothing is done at the initial manifestations of diabetes mellitus and the hormone is not introduced into the body, then blood sugar jumps and can rapidly reach 21 units. For people with diabetes, this indicator is dangerous, you should immediately seek help from doctors, they will eliminate the factor that caused the disturbances in the body.

How to bring blood sugar back to normal

If sugar has increased by more than 21 units, the help of medical workers is needed, and it is also necessary to review the food consumed. Perhaps a sharp jump in sugar is associated precisely with the use of unhealthy foods. In addition, it is necessary to lower glucose at elevated rates. You can lower your glucose to normal with a low-carbohydrate diet. If a person with diabetes has a jump in glucose, another diet will not help him.

What should be done when an indicator of 21 units is dangerous to the patient? After examining and receiving the results of the tests, the doctor will prescribe medications and a diet that will lower the glucose to normal. If you follow a low-carbohydrate diet, then the condition of the patient with diabetes will improve, regardless of the complications observed in the patient. The condition returns to normal after 3 days from the moment of changing the diet. This helps to reduce glucose to a low level and prevents other diseases that accompany diabetes from developing.

Why is sugar rising?

Increases occur during pregnancy, stress, psychological experiences, various concomitant diseases. When the glucose level reaches 21 units, this is a signal to increase attention to well-being. Sugar often rises sharply, with violations in the process of processing carbohydrates.

The reasons for the increase in sugar to 21 units are as follows:

• improper diet (sugar levels always increase after eating food due to its active processing);
• no physical activity (exercise favorably affects glucose);
• emotional state (during stress, indicators may change);
• changes in the hormonal background (during menstruation and menopause, in a woman's body, the level of glucose rises).

Also, sugar increases with various health disorders (with an affected organ).

1. Disorders of the endocrine system, when disturbances occur in the hormone produced, entail diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, pheochromocytoma.
2. Diseases in the pancreas (various tumors, pancreatitis), contribute to a decrease in insulin production, and metabolic disorders occur.
3. The use of medications causes an increase in glucose.
4. Liver disease, it has a supply of glucose, during failures there is an increase in sugar. Further, diseases - cirrhosis, all kinds of tumor formations, hepatitis.

All that needs to be done by the patient, with increased sugar, is to eliminate the causes that violate the state of the body.

What to do when glucose has increased

When sugar has risen, the blood formula is restored, based on the measures that need to be taken. It is impossible to allow a decrease or vice versa jumps in sugar. It is necessary to know how its action occurs in the circulatory system. When it is contained in the norm, then insulin fulfills its purpose, and glucose becomes usable. During a rapid decrease and increase in glucose, insulin does not perform its proper function. First of all, when it falls, they eat sweets, and when it rises, you should seek help from doctors. When the presence of symptoms is in the amount of 2 or 3, you should seek the advice of a therapist, and then go to an endocrinologist.

If the glucose indicator is too high, the internal organs are examined (this is an ultrasound examination, histological analysis), looking for the presence of diabetes. When the ailment is not associated with pathology, then a conversation is held with a person on the topic of diet and sent home for treatment. At home, it will be necessary to brew teas, the basis of which is natural herbs that help lower sugar. Perhaps, and the appointment of medications, with the repeated manifestation of hyperglycemia. Distortions in the norm of glucose can be observed in women in position, people who have mental and physical activity.

gormonoff.com

Photo: Permissible blood sugar level

The normal level of glucose in the blood is considered to be an indicator from 3.3 to 5.5 mmol / l. Moreover, this standard is the same for adults and children and does not depend on gender. The indicator is not stable, it can change during the day depending on the emotional state, physical activity or after eating.

Glucose analysis is done on an empty stomach. You can donate blood for research in the laboratory or use a portable home glucometer. In the event that the result of the analysis shows an excess of the permissible glucose level, but there are no characteristic symptoms of diabetes, the analysis will have to be done several more times. This will help catch the disease at an early stage of development, when all processes are still reversible, and prevent the development of a serious pathology.

To confirm a pre-diabetic condition or exclude this diagnosis, it is recommended to pass a special tolerance test. This type of study is especially necessary for patients over 45 years of age. It will help detect impaired glucose uptake by the body's cells and changes such as increased fasting blood sugar levels. The test is carried out as follows:

• First, the patient must donate blood for sugar, in the morning (on an empty stomach).
• Then drink 200 ml of water in which pure glucose (75 g) is dissolved.
• Retest should be done after 2 hours.

To make the result of the study more accurate, the patient is recommended to fulfill several important conditions:

1. The last meal should be no earlier than 10 hours before blood sampling for analysis.
2. On the eve of the study, it is necessary to exclude physical activity and sports.
3. It is necessary to avoid stress factors, not to be nervous and not to worry.
4. Before donating blood, you should not change your usual diet.
5. After taking the glucose solution, it is best to sit at home for 2 hours in a calm atmosphere, and exclude physical activity.

If the fasting sugar level is less than 7 mmol / l, and after taking the glucose solution it rises to 7.8 - 11.1 mol / l - this will indicate a violation of glucose tolerance.

Photo: ultrasound

In the case when the analysis on an empty stomach shows from 6.1 to 7.0 mmol / l, and after taking a sweet solution - less than 7.8 mmol / l, they speak of signs of impaired fasting sugar levels. To clarify the diagnosis, the patient will be offered to donate blood for the presence of enzymes and do an ultrasound of the pancreas.

It should be borne in mind that the level of glucose in the blood can increase as a result of severe stress, severe infectious diseases or certain conditions (for example, pregnancy) and subsequently return to the previous, normal values ​​rather quickly. Of course, this condition cannot be called normal, rather it is prediabetes, but the patient should not panic. If violations are detected at an early stage, then with all the recommendations of the attending physician and the adjustment of lifestyle and nutrition, the blood sugar level can be stabilized.

Causes of high blood sugar

The main causes that provoke the development of hyperglycemia are as follows:

In diabetes mellitus, there is a persistent increase in blood sugar levels, which is long-term and negatively affects the state of internal organs and systems. But besides this disease, there are many pathological conditions leading to hyperglycemia. Here are the most common ones:

• long-term use of certain medications (hormones and their analogues, beta blockers, etc.);
• pancreatitis (inflammatory process in the pancreas);
• a malignant process in the pancreas (cancer);
• hyperthyroidism (increased activity of the thyroid gland);
• tumor processes in the pituitary gland;
• severe physical and mental trauma.

As you know, the norm of blood sugar for men and women is the same. But the reasons why this condition develops may differ in different sexes.

Photo: High blood sugar in women

Women are more impressionable natures, they are more prone to unrest and stress. In addition, the fairer sex loves sweets and confectionery, which are a source of "light" carbohydrates. Once in the body, they instantly increase blood sugar levels, and excessive consumption of refined carbohydrates leads to metabolic disorders.

Women are much more likely than men to gain weight and obesity, especially during menopause. In addition, the hormonal background is of great importance, which undergoes significant changes during pregnancy, or due to endocrine diseases. Blood glucose levels can be affected by premenstrual syndrome (PMS), gastrointestinal pathologies, thyroid disorders, liver pathologies, inflammatory diseases of the pancreas, adrenal glands and pituitary gland. Deviations from the norm upwards are more often observed in women after 40 years. Therefore, it is so important to regularly monitor blood glucose levels in order to prevent the development of serious diseases and related complications.

Photo: Increased blood sugar in men

A high blood sugar level in the stronger sex is associated with a malfunction of the pancreas and does not depend on fluctuations in the hormonal background, as in women. An important role is played by lifestyle and the presence of bad habits. Hyperglycemia often develops against the background of an unhealthy lifestyle, smoking, alcohol abuse, the predominance of fatty and spicy foods in the diet.

Often, the provoking factors that cause an increase in blood sugar in men are chronic stress, heavy physical exertion, uncontrolled intake of certain medications. Other causes of hyperglycemia include acromegaly (which is characterized by an excess of growth hormone), inflammatory and infectious diseases.

The development of pathology can cause Cushing's syndrome (enlargement of the adrenal glands and pituitary gland), diseases of the liver, pancreas, or serious pathologies of the digestive tract. High sugar levels in men can lead to potency, as in this state the blood thickens and circulates poorly throughout the body. It is believed that male-type obesity is another factor that provokes hyperglycemia, since excess fat is deposited mainly in the abdomen and puts additional pressure on the internal organs, pancreas and liver.

Symptoms

With high blood sugar, patients notice the following changes in well-being:

The causes of a short-term increase in blood sugar can be seizures, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, burns, severe pain, or conditions in acute and myocardial infarction.

However, the development of diabetes mellitus is not always accompanied by characteristic manifestations. In such cases, the patient may feel absolutely healthy for a long time, while a latent form of diabetes develops in his body.

Latent (hidden) diabetes is often detected during a preventive examination. Patients may complain of reduced vision, apathy and fatigue, inflammation and slow healing of lesions, which is associated with damage to small vessels and malnutrition of tissues. The specific carbohydrate tolerance test described above allows the identification of the latent form.

If you notice several of the above signs, you should donate blood for analysis as soon as possible, since such symptoms indicate an increase in blood sugar levels. After laboratory tests, the doctor will be able to make the correct diagnosis and explain to the patient what to do if high blood sugar is accompanied by a deterioration in general well-being.

To understand what this or that symptom is connected with, it is necessary to find out the mechanism of their development.

So, strong thirst and dry mouth are explained by the ability of glucose to attract water to itself. High sugar levels provoke increased urination, sweating and cause dehydration. To make up for the loss of fluid, a person is forced to drink more fluid. In addition, glucose binds water molecules, which leads to an increase in blood pressure. Therefore, arterial hypertension is considered a characteristic sign of hyperglycemia.

Weight loss is observed in type 1 diabetes, when the body is unable to produce insulin on its own or synthesizes it in insufficient quantities. As a result, glucose cannot enter the cells, so they suffer from energy starvation. This condition leads to lack of appetite and weight loss.

Photo: a quick set of extra pounds

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by the opposite situation, and a rapid set of extra pounds. In this case, the pancreas produces enough insulin, but the tissue receptors that are responsible for its absorption do not work properly. Glucose penetrates the cells, but in a small amount, which is not able to provide optimal breakdown of fats. This leads to lipid metabolism disorders and obesity.

Headaches, fatigue, weakness are direct consequences of starvation of the brain, for which glucose is the main source of energy. The body has to adapt to a different way of obtaining energy, which is the oxidation of lipids (fats). But this leads to an increase in the level of ketone bodies in the blood and the appearance of the smell of acetone in the exhaled air.

A decrease in the ability of tissues to heal and regenerate is also associated with energy hunger and a weakened immune system. And an increased level of glucose in the blood becomes a favorable breeding ground for pathogenic microorganisms and contributes to the development of infections and purulent processes.

What to do and how to deal with hyperglycemia?

Photo: increased physical activity

If, after the examination, it turns out that a persistent increase in blood sugar threatens the development of diabetes, the doctor will begin therapy with a set of measures aimed at lowering glucose levels and maintaining this value within the normal range. Early treatment can help prevent the development of diabetes. The patient should strictly follow the doctor's recommendations and follow all prescriptions. Therapy for hyperglycemia comes down to lifestyle adjustments that include:

• adherence to a certain diet;
• rejection of bad habits;
• measures for weight loss in obesity;
• regular monitoring of blood sugar levels with a home glucometer.

The basis of diet therapy is a low-carbohydrate diet, consisting mainly of protein, cereals and vegetables, and the exclusion from the diet of foods that increase blood sugar.

Diet

Photo: diet for hyperglycemia

The optimal variant of the diet for hyperglycemia will be individually developed by a nutritionist who will take into account the age and weight of the patient, the presence of concomitant diseases and the nature of professional activity that affects the energy consumption of the body.

First of all, foods that increase blood sugar and contain easily digestible carbohydrates are excluded from the diet. These include:

"Light" carbohydrates are instantly absorbed in the body and dramatically increase blood glucose levels. Specialists will select a diet with a reduced calorie content and help you create a menu for every day, which should become the basis of proper nutrition.

What foods can be included in the diet?

Photo: vegetables

With almost no restrictions, you can eat greens, vegetables (cabbage, eggplant, zucchini, fresh cucumbers, tomatoes). They contain useful fiber, and carbohydrates from vegetables are absorbed much more slowly and are not able to dramatically increase sugar levels. The use of vegetables such as potatoes, beets and carrots should be agreed with your doctor. It is useful to use salads seasoned with vegetable oil.

The diet should include fermented milk products, dietary lean meat (chicken, rabbit) and fish, butter, eggs, acidic varieties of fruits and berries. You can drink freshly squeezed fruit juices sweetened with xylitol.

From bakery products, preference should be given to whole grain or protein-bran bread. You can gradually consume both white (slightly dried) and rye bread. Cereals and cereals from them will bring additional benefits: wheat, oatmeal, buckwheat, pearl barley. But it is undesirable to include semolina and rice porridge in the menu.

It is necessary to minimize the consumption of sweets and confectionery, but experts allow natural honey in a small amount (no more than 1 teaspoon twice a day). It is better not to fry food, but to steam, boil or bake.

If necessary, the doctor will prescribe a multivitamin complex. In addition, phytotherapy and the use of herbal teas will help reduce blood sugar levels. Especially useful tea from the leaves of lilac, sage, blueberries, hibiscus.

Photo: Physical exercise

Daily physical activity will not only keep you in good shape, but also help fight hyperglycemia. A specially designed set of exercises is a good prevention of type 2 diabetes, as it helps to improve metabolism and better absorption of glucose. As a regular exercise, long walks, swimming, cycling, aerobics and aqua aerobics, tennis, golf, volleyball and other sports are perfect.

The most effective and affordable option is morning jogging at a moderate pace and walking. Refuse to travel by public transport or in a private car, try to walk to work, and take the stairs to your floor not in an elevator. This will help not only to lose extra pounds, but also serve as a good prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Every day, at least 40 - 60 minutes should be given to physical activity, this will bring undoubted benefits to your body and help maintain sugar levels within normal limits.

Watch the video: Normalize blood sugar with breathing

glavvrach.com

Normal sugar level

The norm of blood glucose for people of any age ranges from 3.3 mmol / l to 5.5 mmol / l. If the level is from 5.5 to 6 mmol / l, then we are talking about prediabetes. If the glucose content is 6.1 mmol / l and above, then the diagnosis of "diabetes mellitus" is made.

How is the examination carried out?

Diagnosis is carried out by express method or in the laboratory using special equipment. In the first method, blood is taken on an empty stomach using a glucometer from a finger. In this case, the result is less accurate and is considered preliminary. This device is good to use at home for constant monitoring of sugar. If a deviation from the normal value is detected, the analysis is repeated in the laboratory. Blood is usually drawn from a vein. The diagnosis of "diabetes mellitus" is made if, after a double blood donation on different days, the result shows an excess of the norm. About 90% of all registered patients suffer from type 2 diabetes.

Signs of High Glucose

Basically, the symptoms of diabetes in most patients are similar, although they may differ depending on the age and duration of the disease. As a rule, the first signs of high blood sugar are as follows:

1. Dry mouth is one of the classic manifestations of diabetes.
2. Polydipsia and polyuria. Intense thirst and the excretion of a large volume of urine are the most typical symptoms of high blood sugar. Thirst is the body's signal to replenish lost water in order to avoid dehydration. The kidneys, in turn, filter out excess glucose, excreting more urine.
3. Fatigue and weakness. Sugar does not reach the cells, lingering in the blood, so muscle tissue lacks energy to be active.
4. Poor healing of scratches, wounds, abrasions, cuts. It is important to avoid skin lesions, as they are prone to infection, which creates additional problems.
5. Increase or decrease in body weight.
6. The characteristic signs of diabetes are skin diseases and genital infections that cause itching. It can be furunculosis, candidiasis, colpitis, inflammation of the urinary tract and urethra.
7. The smell of acetone from the body. This manifestation is typical for a very high level of sugar. This is a signal of diabetic ketoacidosis, a life-threatening condition.

Later, the patient develops the following symptoms of high sugar:

• Maculopathy and diabetic retinopathy are eye diseases characterized by visual impairment. Retinopathy, which affects the vessels of the eyes, is the main cause of blindness in adults with diabetes.
• Bleeding gums, loose teeth.
• Decreased sensitivity in the extremities: tingling, numbness, goosebumps, changes in pain and temperature sensitivity in the hands and feet.
• Digestive problems: diarrhea or constipation, abdominal pain, fecal incontinence, difficulty swallowing.
• Swelling of the extremities as a result of retention and accumulation of fluid in the body. Such signs are more often manifested when diabetes is combined with arterial hypertension.
• The manifestations of high sugar include chronic renal failure, protein in the urine and other disorders of the kidneys.
• Diseases of the heart and blood vessels.
• Erectile dysfunction, frequent urinary tract infections.
• Decreased intelligence and memory.

Why does blood glucose rise?

The reasons for the increase in sugar are different. The most common of these is type 1 or type 2 diabetes. In addition, there are a few more:

• stressful situations;
• the presence in the diet of foods with fast, that is, easily digestible carbohydrates;
• severe infectious diseases.

Nutrition with high sugar

Diet with high blood glucose is an important component of treatment. It is necessary to observe the main principles of nutrition:

• eat regularly, in small portions, 5-6 times a day, at the same hours;
• drink at least 1-2 liters of fluid per day;
• products must include all substances necessary for life;
• need food rich in fiber;
• vegetables should be eaten daily;
• avoid salty foods;
• give up alcoholic beverages.

You should eat foods that do not increase blood glucose levels and are non-caloric. Among them:

• lean dietary meat;
• lean fish;
• dairy products;
• buckwheat, rice, oatmeal;
• Rye bread;
• eggs (no more than two per day);
• peas, beans;
• vegetables: eggplant, red and green peppers, radishes, cabbage, radishes, onions, herbs, garlic, celery, cucumbers, spinach, lettuce, tomatoes, green peas;
• fruits and berries: apples, pears, blueberries, cranberries, mountain ash, cranberries, quince, lemons.

Preference should be given to vegetable fats, sugar should be replaced with honey and sweeteners. Food is best steamed, baked, stewed and boiled.

Foods that cannot be eaten

In case of high blood sugar, you need to abandon foods such as:

• flour, rich and confectionery products: cakes, pastries, sweets, ice cream, pies, jam, sweet carbonated drinks, pasta, sugar;
• fatty meat and fish, sausages, smoked meats, lard, canned food;
• dairy products: fatty cheese, cream, sour cream, fatty cottage cheese;
• mayonnaise;
• sweet fruits and dried fruits: figs, grapes, raisins.

Conclusion

Doctors do not consider diabetes mellitus a sentence, despite the fact that it is an incurable disease. If you detect early signs of high blood sugar, you can immediately begin to correct your condition and learn to live with it. This will avoid or significantly delay the development of severe complications and consequences such as blindness, gangrene, amputation of the lower extremities, and nephropathy.

Table for diabetics

- there is a typical sign of the development of a "sweet" disease.

If symptoms of high blood sugar in adults are noticeable, then a visit to the doctor should not be postponed.

This is due to the fact that today medicine distinguishes three types of the described deviation from the norm - mild, moderate, severe. If the glucose figure is compared with the mark of 16 mmol / l, the sick person can experience the “charms” of a coma.

In order to establish in time the fact of a high indicator of sugar volume, you need to control your own well-being and know the main signs of such a pathology. Just about the symptoms of the presence of glucose above the norm in the blood and will be discussed in today's article.

To prevent the formation of any serious diseases, you should have an idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe acceptable level of sugar for an adult. To stabilize its indicator, the body uses insulin.

However, with insufficient production of the required volume of this hormone, or in the absence of a full-fledged reaction to it from the cells, the glucose level increases.

To establish an indicator of normal lactin numbers provided for by medical standards, you need to contact the World Health Organization for information. Today, precise units of the healthy amount of sugar in the circulatory system have been developed.

So, the normal indicator of glucose content is determined by taking a blood test and should vary between 3.5-5.5 mmol / l. It should be noted that the level of sugar volume at is identical to the samples of a perfectly healthy person.

With this form of the disease in the initial phase, intense jumps in lactin are not noticeable, which is reflected in the presence of subtle signs of the disease. Pathology is usually detected only when passing the analysis.

Symptoms of high blood sugar in adults

Signs of a "sweet" disease "in the bulk of the observed patients are identical. True, there may be some differences depending on the age category, gender, duration of the course of the disease. The main signs of a significant amount of sugar will be described below, taking into account the gender of the patient.

In men

In the representatives of the stronger sex, the following signs of deviation from the norm of the volume of glucose in the circulatory system are noticeable:

• increased need for water, regular bouts of thirst. This is due to the fact that a significant indicator of glucose in the process of excretion "takes" with it a solid supply of fluid. To make up for its deficiency, you have to drink regularly;
• dryness in the mouth, even after drinking water;
• (day, night). This is due to increased pressure on the kidneys due to the large mass of circulating blood;
• the amount of urine excreted is higher than usual;
• constant feeling of drowsiness, weakness. The appearance of rapid fatigue, even with a slight one, which is explained by malnutrition of muscle and other tissues;
• there is an increase or decrease in appetite. Despite the significant level of lactin, the organs are subject to starvation, as a result of which they give this signal to the brain;
• the primary symptom of the development of diabetes is an increased need for, as well as a serious set or reduction in body weight;
• observed, appear as if flickering, spots before the eyes.

Now you need to list the symptoms of the disease in women.

Among women

Unfortunately, the symptoms of higher than normal blood lactin usually appear at the stage of the peak of the disease, and not at its onset.

A woman can observe such signs of an increased amount of sugar, such as:

• the appearance of excessive appetite without weight gain;
• the appearance of a feeling of irritability, depression, drowsiness during the day;
• the sensitivity of the feet, hands changes;
• wounds, abrasions, scratches heal for a longer time;
• recurrent inflammation of the genitourinary system.

The level of glucose in the blood vessels should be given more serious importance, since the health of her unborn child depends on it.

In pregnant women

The often described ailment proceeds without transition to a more serious stage. But some signs should cause a feeling of alertness in a pregnant woman and cause an immediate trip to the doctor.

Symptoms of high blood sugar in pregnancy include:

• weakening of vision;
• constant feeling of thirst;
• constant hunger;
• high blood pressure (blood pressure);
• drowsiness, general weakness;
• regular, and sometimes uncontrolled urination.

Whoever notices the symptoms of high blood sugar (male, female) should be a reason to immediately seek the help of an endocrinologist.

High blood sugar as a sign of diabetes

A rapid increase in glucose, which has very diverse signs, is usually a clear indicator of the development of diabetes mellitus.

This disease is quite insidious.

High GI foods include:

• cakes;
• candies;
• cakes;
• sweet treat.

Foods with an average GI are allowed to eat no more than 3 times a week. These include:

Another thing is when the patient simply does not pay attention to individual signs or believes that the reason lies elsewhere. Therefore, it is so important to have an idea about the primary signs.

If a person has noticed the appearance of at least one symptom indicated above in the text, then this is already a good reason to go to the doctor for qualified help, while it is still not too late.

First aid for an attack of hyperglycemia

To provide a competent patient, you should initially measure the volume of sugar in the blood.

If the resulting figure is more than 14 mmol / l, a sick person with type I, II diabetes, it is necessary to administer 2 cubes of a short-acting hormone to the patient, and also provide plenty of fluids.

Glucose should be measured every 2-3 hours with the introduction of 2 units of insulin until a healthy level is restored. If improvement does not occur, you need to call an ambulance.

Related videos

The main symptoms that will help recognize diabetes:

Summing up this article, we can conclude that both low and significant levels of sugar are quite dangerous for the human body. For this reason, everyone must himself control his indicator in order to timely establish the fact of exceeding the permissible norm.

Only with this attitude it is possible to avoid the onset of a negative result for the body in the form of the formation of diabetes mellitus. Even a slight increase in lactin above normal is a reason to visit a doctor.