Enveloping agents for the stomach and intestines of the name. Overview of antacid gastric coatings
In cases where gastroenterologists diagnose an increased level of acidity in a patient, it becomes a natural practice to prescribe enveloping agents for the stomach and intestines. Such drugs, by creating an additional layer on the walls of organs, not only protect them from adverse effects, but also contribute to rapid pain relief.
When are coating agents used?
The composition of preparations with enveloping properties includes components that, interacting with H2O, create colloids and suspensions. The main effect of both natural elements and chemical ones is the same - they reduce the susceptibility of nerve endings, protecting them from negative influences. Indications for the appointment of such funds are:
- The presence of heartburn.
- Various gastritis and ulcer pathology.
- enteritis and colitis.
- Diagnosis of pancreatitis.
- Exposure to chemicals, which led to a burn of the gastric mucosa and other pathologies.
The main property of enveloping preparations for the stomach is the almost complete absence of their absorption, as a result of which they do not penetrate into the blood. Therefore, it is possible to use both natural components, as well as their synthesized analogues.
Natural and pharmaceutical preparations
If we consider the natural components used to envelop the organ, almost everyone has starch and its components in the composition. These natural remedies include:
- flax-seed;
- licorice root;
- starch obtained from potatoes and corn;
- oatmeal, oats;
- comfrey plant.
In folk medicine, these funds are actively used in the treatment of gastritis and peptic ulcer pathology, since they have proven themselves to be a rapid elimination of pain and inflammation. One oatmeal is worth something - if you cook such porridge on water, you can not only control weight, but also help your stomach.
However, a certain difficulty arises here - substances penetrate into the intestines later than into the stomach. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out complex treatment using folk recipes against the background of therapy with pharmaceutical preparations. Today, the pharmaceutical industry provides the consumer with a variety of coating products. Particularly in demand are:
- White magnesia, the main component of which is magnesium carbonate.
- aluminum hydroxide.
- Almagel and Phosphalugel.
- Vikair.
- Sucralfate.
Some simple recipes
If there is a problem with the stomach, heartburn torments, but there is neither time nor energy to run to the pharmacy, you can use simple recipes of traditional medicine:
- Starch is diluted in warm water before use, for 100 ml of liquid take one large spoonful of the substance. Such a drink is an excellent protector of the gastric layer.
- Flax seeds in a warm liquid secrete mucus, that is what should be used for treatment. Preparing the solution is simple - pour a small spoonful of seeds into 250 ml of boiling water and keep on fire for another 15 minutes, then filter and drink the warm solution 60 minutes before eating.
- You can use spotted orchis, which includes starch, mucus. For a healing broth, 5 grams of the root are crushed, the powder is poured into a thermos, 200 ml of boiling water is poured, insisted for three hours, then boiled over a fire for 10 minutes, the composition is filtered and taken 70 ml before meals three times a day.
- Althea root is also effective, to prepare a drink, the root is crushed to a powder, 10 grams of which is poured into 250 ml of boiling water in a thermos. After the remedy is infused, it is taken 10 ml before meals up to four times a day.
Today, enveloping agents that create a barrier to the stomach and its mucous membrane from an aggressive environment are available at any pharmacy and are dispensed without a prescription. For the correct use of drugs, it is necessary to know in which cases this or that medicine is required and what indications for its use.
Very often, due to malnutrition and abuse of alcohol and carbonated drinks, we create an increased level of acidity in the stomach, heartburn occurs, pain in the upper abdomen, and a favorable environment is created not only for gastritis, but also for peptic ulcer. In such cases, the body can no longer cope on its own, additional outside help is required in the form of enveloping agents for the stomach, which will create a kind of protective layer on the mucous membrane and stop the pain symptom.
Enveloping preparations contain chemicals that can interact with water and create colloidal solutions. They are distributed evenly over the entire surface of the stomach, thereby creating a protective film from further exposure to toxic substances and reducing the sensitivity threshold of nerve fibers. Thus, the drugs of this group have the following properties:
- Enveloping action.
- Stop an attack of nausea and vomiting.
- Pain relief effect.
- Antidiarrheal action.
- Antimicrobial and / or anti-inflammatory effect.
Also, drugs can be used topically for various injuries of the skin: injuries, frostbite, burns.
Enveloping agents exist in 2 generations: 1st generation - absorbable preparations, 2nd generation - non-absorbable. The former have a short-term effect, they interact with hydrochloric acid in the stomach and are partially absorbed into the general bloodstream. These drugs include magnesium and calcium carbonate, burnt magnesia, Rennie. The advantage of the second group of drugs is their non-absorption property, that is, they do not enter the bloodstream, thereby remaining completely and completely in the stomach and intestines. Among them are Gastal, Maalox, Almagel.
At the moment, there are drugs, both products of plant origin, and their synthesized counterparts. Among the components of natural origin are starch and its derivatives, such as:
- Flax is a protector of mucus, a failure of the stomach lining, it is used in the form of jelly, since the seeds in warm water secrete mucus. It also has antimicrobial and laxative properties.
- Liquorice root.
- Potato or corn starch - a commonly used product in the kitchen, when in contact with hot water, turns into a colloidal mixture, which has an excellent enveloping effect. It is used not only inside, but also as an enema.
- Oats.
- Oatmeal or oatmeal - the most useful product for breakfast, boiled in water, has a beneficial effect on the mucous membrane.
- Comfrey.
- White clay is produced in the form of powders, dissolves in water and is applied both internally and topically to the skin.
- Marshmallow Root has a proven enveloping effect, brewed in boiling water and drunk in several servings daily before meals.
- Double love.
- Spotted orchis in its composition has both mucus and starch, it is used in the form of a decoction.
If it's nighttime and you don't have any medicines on hand, you can use commonly used products like milk or baking soda as an antacid.
The most popular medications that provide an enveloping effect on the stomach are:
- White magnesia;
- Almagel;
- Phosphalugel;
- Sucralfate;
- Vikair;
- aluminum hydroxide.
Important! Coating agents for the stomach and intestines are often used in combination with antihistamines and antacids, as well as proton pump inhibitors. Their combined use provides a comprehensive approach to control the intensity and course of the disease. At the same time, modern drugs have almost no side effects, which explains their widespread use in medical practice.
Indications for the use of enveloping agents are the following diseases:
- With gastritis, both acute and chronic forms.
- Ulcer of the stomach and / or duodenum.
- pancreatitis.
- Heartburn.
- Bloating.
- Poisoning.
- enteritis.
- Colitis.
- Burns of mucous membranes due to exposure to chemical or toxic substances.
Almagel. Very often prescribed by doctors for gastritis or peptic ulcer disease, it is available in several forms, and another Maalox antacid has similar properties. The dosage of the drug is prescribed by the attending physician. Since these funds have aluminum in their composition, then during pregnancy and the period of breastfeeding, it is necessary to refuse to use them; aluminum has a teratogenic effect on the fetus and placenta. Almagel provides an increase in the pH of the contents in the stomach cavity and creates a protective film. The advantage of the drug is the absence of side effects of the effect of flatulence in patients. It is used for acute and chronic inflammation of the stomach, both for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. Also indicated for reflux esophagitis, enteritis and colitis. During therapy with glucocorticosteroids, Almagel is often prescribed.
Bismuth preparations include De-Nol, Vikair, Bismofalk in this group. Bismuth forms a chelate bond with protein molecules, thereby protecting the mucosa. They also have antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori. All drugs based on bismuth are taken in a course for 1-2 months, before eating. Used for gastric and duodenal ulcers, duodenitis and gastritis.
Aluminum hydroxide is produced in the form of a powder compound, administered as a suspension 5-6 times a day for duodenal ulcers, poisoning and gastritis.
Sucralfate - an antacid with an enveloping effect, inhibits the production of a gastric enzyme that is produced under the action of hydrochloric acid - pepsin, and also "ties up" hydrochloric acid itself. It is used for ulcers and gastritis, 1-2 tablets 3 times a day, drink plenty of the drug and do not chew.
Phosphalugel is produced in the form of a white gel, has a neutralizing effect for hydrochloric acid, enveloping and adsorbing action. It is well used for food poisoning and toxic infections. Recommended for use in stomach ulcers, gastritis, alcohol intoxication, dyspeptic syndrome. Side effects include flatulence and constipation.
Conclusion
Thus, enveloping preparations are very widely used today, they are a first aid for epigastric pain, heartburn, nausea and food poisoning.
Reading 4 min. Views 998 Published on 24/09/2017
Enveloping agents are such substances that are able to protect tissues from the action of irritating agents.
As a rule, these drugs have a high absorption capacity and make it difficult for the absorption of harmful substances in the gastrointestinal tract. They also have antiemetic and antidiarrheal effects.
Enveloping substances are used to reduce inflammatory processes, and also, in combination with other drugs, they are prescribed to reduce the irritant effect, reduce the absorption of toxic products and drugs.
They are used in poisoning with salts of heavy metals and alkaloids, are used as bases for the preparation of some dosage forms.
Enveloping folk remedies
Enveloping herbal remedies include the following drugs:
1. Potato starch.
Used as an enveloping anti-inflammatory agent in the form of a paste (brewed with hot water).
Take 1-2 tbsp. l.
2. Provence oil.
Drink 60 ml of Provence oil 3 times a day (the highest grade of olive oil) as an enveloping agent.
The oil obtained from oil cake from the first pressing of olives is called wood oil.
3. Almond oil.
Almond oil is taken orally 6-8 drops 3 times a day in the form of an emulsion as an enveloping and emollient.
infusions
4. Infusion of fireweed.
2 tbsp. l. crushed leaves of fireweed angustifolia (willow tea) brew 200 ml of boiling water, leave for 2 hours, strain.
Take 1 tbsp. l. 3-4 times a day before meals.
5. Infusion of comfrey.
Pour 40 g of crushed comfrey root with 1 liter of milk, then soar in the oven for 6-7 hours without boiling.
Drink 50 ml 4 times a day before meals as an enveloping agent for all types of inflammation of the mucous membrane, as well as for chest ailments.
Remember, in large doses, the plant is poisonous! Observe the dosage!
6. Infusion of licorice.
2 tbsp. l. crushed licorice root naked (sweet root) brew 500 ml of boiling water, leave for 2 hours and strain.
Drink 100 ml 4 times a day after meals for poisoning, especially mushrooms and meat products.
7. Infusion of thyme.
2 tbsp. l. chopped thyme herb (thyme) brew 200 ml of boiling water in a thermos, leave for 1 hour and strain.
Take 1 tbsp. l. with honey 3 times a day before meals as an enveloping agent.
8. Infusion of orchis.
2 tbsp. l. powder from the root tubers of the orchid (orchid family) diluted in 100 ml of cold boiled water. Then add 500 ml of boiling water and shake again until a thick, colorless mucus is obtained.
Take 2 tbsp. l. 3-4 times a day warm.
Decoctions
9. Decoction of quince.
Pour 10 g of crushed quince seeds into 200 ml of hot water, bring to a boil and boil in a water bath for 20 minutes, leave for 10 minutes and strain.
Drink the resulting mucous decoction 70-100 ml 3 times a day before meals.
10. Decoction of marshmallow.
2 tbsp. l. crushed marshmallow roots (mallow, mallow, marshmallow) pour 200 ml of boiling water, boil over low heat for 30 minutes, leave for 10 minutes. and strain.
Drink 100 ml 3-4 times a day with hot meals.
11. Decoction of oats.
Pour 30 g of chopped oat straw with 1 liter of water, bring to a boil and boil for 10 minutes, leave for 20-30 minutes. and strain.
Drink 50 ml 3 times a day before meals as an enveloping remedy for diarrhea.
12. Decoction of plantain.
1 st. l. crushed plantain seeds pour 200 ml of water, bring to a boil and boil for 1 minute, leave for 30 minutes. and strain.
Take 2 tbsp. l. 3 times a day before meals as an enveloping agent for inflammatory processes, gout, hemorrhoids.
13. Decoction of violets.
2 tbsp. l. chopped grass violet tricolor (pansies, sisters) pour 200 ml of water, bring to a boil and boil for 2 minutes, leave for 1 hour, strain.
Drink 50 ml 3 times a day before meals as an enveloping remedy for diarrhea and dysentery.
Attention! An overdose can cause vomiting, diarrhea and an itchy rash!
14. Decoction of cetraria.
1 st. l. chopped thallus of Icelandic cetraria (Icelandic moss) pour 400 ml of boiling water, boil for 3 minutes, leave for 30 minutes. and strain.
Drink 100 ml 4 times a day for 30 minutes. before meals as an enveloping remedy for diarrhea and chronic constipation.
STARCH (Amytum)
It is obtained from wheat grains - wheat starch (Amylum Tritici), corn (Amylum Maydis), rice (Amylum Oryzae), from potato tubers (Amylum Solani).
It is insoluble in cold water, but forms a colloidal solution in hot water (Mucilago Amyli).
Indications for use. It is prescribed as an enveloping agent to protect sensitive nerve endings from the effects of irritating substances and to slow down the absorption of drugs.
Method of application and dose. Outwardly (in the form of powders and powders with zinc oxide, talc, etc.), inside and in enemas (in the form of a starch paste or mucus).
Release form. Powder.
Storage conditions. In a dry place.
LIQUIRITON (Liquiritonum)
Contains amount of flavonoids from licorice root.
Pharmachologic effect. It has antispasmodic (relieves spasms), anti-inflammatory and moderate antacid (the ability to reduce stomach acidity) properties.
Indications for use. With exacerbation and prevention of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, with chronic gastritis with preserved secretory function of the stomach, erosive gastritis (inflammation of the gastric mucosa with the formation of its defects).
Method of application and dose. Inside, 0.1-0.2 g 3-4 times a day 20-30 minutes before meals for 4-5 weeks; after a 10-12 day break, the course of treatment is repeated.
Release form. Tablets of 0.1 in a package of 25 pieces.
Storage conditions. In a dry dark place.
FLAX SEEDS (Semena Lini)
Ripe and dried seeds of flax (Linum usitatissinum L.), fam. flax (Linaceae). Contains fatty linseed oil (Oleum Lini) and mucus.
Indications for use. Used as an enveloping and emollient.
Method of application and dose. Externally for poultices and internally as flaxseed mucus, which is prepared with 1 part whole flaxseed and 30 parts extempore hot water (before drinking).
Release form. In cardboard packs of 200 g.
Storage conditions. In a dry place.
MAGNESIUM CARBONATE BASIC (Magnesii subcarbonas)
Synonyms: Magnesia white.
Indications for use. As an enveloping, antacid (reducing stomach acid) and mild laxative.
Method of application and dose. Inside, adults are prescribed 1-3 g, children under 1 year old - 0.5 g each, from 2 to 5 years old - 1-1.5 g each, from 6 to 12 years old - 1-2 g per dose 2-3 times a day. Applied externally as a powder.
Release form. Powder and tablets containing basic magnesium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate 0.5 g each.
Storage conditions. In a well sealed container.
TABLETS "VIKAIR" (Tabulettae "Vicairum")
Synonyms: Rother.
Indications for use.
Method of application and dose. Assign inside after meals (after 1-11/2 hours), 1-2 tablets 3 times a day. Wash down with a small amount (1/4 cup) of water.
Side effect. Cal during the reception of tablets "Vikair" is painted in a dark color.
Release form. Tablets containing: bismuth nitrate basic - 0.35 g, magnesium carbonate basic - 0.4 g, sodium bicarbonate - 0.2 g, powder of calamus rhizome and buckthorn bark (finely crushed) - 0.025 g each, in a package of 100 pieces .
Storage conditions.
TABLETS "VIKALIN" (Tabulettae "Vicalinum")
Pharmachologic effect. Tablets have a complex effect. Basic bismuth nitrate, sodium bicarbonate and magnesium carbonate provide antacid (reducing stomach acid) and astringent action, buckthorn bark (albeit in a small dose) contributes to a laxative effect. The presence of rutin allows you to count on some anti-inflammatory effect, and Kellin - on an antispasmodic (relieving spasms) effect.
Indications for use. Applied with peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum and hyperacid gastritis (inflammation of the stomach due to a persistent increase in acidity).
Method of application and dose. Assign inside 1-2 tablets 3 times a day after meals with 1/2 cup of warm water (it is advisable to crush the tablets). The course of treatment usually lasts 1-2-3 months; after a month break, the course is repeated. During treatment, you must follow a diet.
Side effect. Tablets usually do not cause side effects, sometimes there is an increase in stool, which stops when the dose is reduced. Feces while taking the pills become dark green or black.
Release form. Tablets containing: basic magnesium carbonate - 0.4 g, basic bismuth nitrate - 0.35 g, sodium bicarbonate - 0.2 g, powder of calamus rhizome and buckthorn bark - 0.025 g each, rutin and. kellin - 0.005 g each
Storage conditions. In a dry place protected from light.
MAGNESIUM OXIDE (Magnesii oxydum)
Synonyms: Burnt magnesia.
Pharmachologic effect. Magnesium oxide is one of the main representatives of antacids used to reduce the high acidity of gastric juice.
When introduced into the stomach, magnesium oxide is not absorbed, it neutralizes the hydrochloric acid of the gastric contents with the formation of magnesium chloride. The release of carbon dioxide does not occur, therefore, the antacid (reducing the acidity of the stomach) effect of magnesium oxide is not accompanied by secondary hypersecretion. The phenomena of alkalosis (Scaling) are not observed. Passing into the intestines, magnesium chloride has a laxative effect.
Indications for use. With hyperacid gastritis (inflammation of the stomach due to a persistent increase in acidity), peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum.
Method of application and dose. Assign inside (0.25-0.5-1 g each) with increased acidity of gastric juice, acid poisoning and as a mild laxative (3-5 g per dose).
Usually antacids are taken 1/2 hour before meals. However, it should be borne in mind that when taken on an empty stomach
the antacid effect is short-lived (about 30 minutes), it increases significantly (up to 3-4 hours) when taking antacids after meals. For a long-term antacid effect, it is advisable to take them 1 hour and 3 hours after meals.
Before use, the tablets must be thoroughly crushed.
Release form. Powder and tablets of 0.5 g.
Storage conditions. In a well sealed container.
Misoprostol (Misoprostol)
Synonyms: Cytotec, Cytotec.
Pharmachologic effect. Synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E. It has antisecretory activity. When taken orally (in the form of tablets), it reduces the secretion (release) of hydrochloric acid, stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate and mucus, and has a cytoprotective (cell-protecting) effect. The action usually develops 30 minutes after ingestion and lasts about 3 hours.
Indications for use. It is mainly used to prevent the ulcerogenic (ulcer-causing) action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including acetylsalicylic acid. It is taken simultaneously with anti-inflammatory drugs during the entire time they are taken.
Method of application and dose. Assign adults to 0.2 mg (200 mcg) 3-4 times a day with meals. The last dose is taken shortly before bedtime. In case of poor tolerance, reduce the single dose to 0.1 mg (100 mcg). Children under 18 years of age are not prescribed the drug.
Side effect. When using the drug, nausea, diarrhea (diarrhea), stomach pain, rarely - skin rash, swelling, drowsiness, hypo- or hypertension (lower or higher blood pressure) and other side effects are possible.
Contraindications. Pregnancy (causes contraction of the muscles of the uterus). In case of kidney disease, it is necessary to reduce the dose.
Release form. Tablets of 0.2 mg (200 mcg) in a package of 100 pieces.
Storage conditions. In a dry place.
SUKRALFAT (Sucralfat)
Synonyms: Alsukral, Andapsin, Sakras, Ulkon, Sukrafil, Keal, Sukrat, Algofel, Venter, Gelfos.
Pharmachologic effect. The drug has an antacid (reducing the acidity of the stomach), adsorbing (absorbing) and enveloping effect.
Neutralizes gastric acid, inhibits the secretion of pepsin (an enzyme that breaks down peptides and proteins). Upon entering the stomach, it forms a polymeric protective film on the surface of the mucous membrane and has an iotoprotective (protecting cells) effect.
Indications for use. Assign adults with peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, hyperacid gastritis (inflammation of the stomach due to a persistent increase in acidity).
Method of application and dose. Taken for "/2-1 hour before meals in a daily dose of 2-4 g (4-8 tablets): 0.5-1 g (1-2 tablets) before breakfast, lunch and dinner and 0.5-1 g (1-2 tablets) at bedtime.The tablets are swallowed whole, without chewing, with a small amount of water.The course of treatment is 4-6 weeks or more.If necessary, the course is repeated.
Side effect. When taking the drug, constipation is possible. Do not prescribe sucralfate together with tetracyclines (absorption of tetracyclines is impaired).
Contraindications. Severe kidney damage and pregnancy.
Release form. Tablets of 0.5 g in a package of 100 pieces.
Storage conditions. In a dry place protected from light.
FOSFALUGEL (Fosfalugel)
Synonyms: Phosphalugel, Aluminum phosphate, Alfogel, Gasterin.
Colloidal gel containing aluminum phosphate (about 23%). The composition of the drug includes a gel of pectin and agaragar.
Pharmachologic effect. The drug has an enveloping effect and antacid (reducing the acidity of the stomach) activity, contributing to the protection of the gastric mucosa.
Indications for use. Used for peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, gastritis (inflammation of the stomach), dyspepsia (indigestion), food intoxication (poisoning).
Method of application and dose. It is taken orally undiluted, washed down with a small amount of water or diluted in ] / 2 glasses of water (you can add sugar).
Dose: 1-2 packets 2-3 times a day 30 minutes before meals.
Release form. Packaged in plastic bags of 16 g.
Storage conditions. In a dry place.
ANDREW LIVER SALT (Andrews liver salts)
Pharmachologic effect. Combined drug that has an antacid (reducing the acidity of the stomach) effect. Sodium bicarbonate, which is part of it, reduces the acidity of gastric juice. In combination with citric acid, sodium bicarbonate forms a buffer solution, the PH (an indicator of the acid-base state) of which is higher than the PH of the contents of the stomach, as a result of which the drug increases the PH (reduces the acidity) of the contents of the stomach, providing an antacid effect. Magnesium sulfate has a laxative effect.
Indications for use. Acute gastritis (inflammation of the stomach), chronic gastritis with normal secretory function of the stomach (secretion of gastric juice) in the acute phase, acute duodenitis (inflammation of the duodenum); peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in the acute phase; pain, discomfort in the epigastrium (the area of the abdomen located directly under the convergence of the costal arches and the sternum); heartburn after excessive consumption of alcohol, nicotine, coffee, sweets, errors in the diet, taking medications; constipation.
Method of application and dose. Adults with pain in the epigastrium, heartburn are prescribed 1 teaspoon of powder per 1 glass of water. If necessary, the drug can be used 4 times a day.
For constipation, 2 teaspoons per 1 glass of water are prescribed in the morning on an empty stomach or at bedtime.
For children under the age of 12 years, the drug is prescribed at a dose equal to half the dose for adults.
Side effect. Rarely - pain in the epigastric region.
Contraindications. Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug; diabetes.
Release form. Powder for solution for oral administration in vials of 227 g and 113 g, in sachets of 5 g. Ingredients: magnesium sulfate - 17.4%, sodium bicarbonate - 22.6%, citric acid - 19.5%, sucrose - 40.5%.
Storage conditions. In a dry place.
ALYUGASTRIN (Alugastrin)
Synonyms: Alugastrin.
Pharmachologic effect. It has astringent, antacid (reducing the acidity of the stomach), enveloping effect. When ingested, it forms a uniform protective film on the surface of the gastric mucosa.
Indications for use. Applied with peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum and hyperacid gastritis (inflammation of the stomach due to a persistent increase in acidity).
Method of application and dose. Take orally for "/2-1 hour before meals and at bedtime, 1-2 teaspoons of suspension (suspension of solid particles in water) or the contents of 1-2 sachets (5 or 10 ml) with a small amount of warm boiled water or without water.
Side effect. The drug is usually well tolerated; possible nausea, vomiting.
Release form. In bottles of 250 ml and 5 or 10 ml in plastic bags.
Storage conditions. In tightly closed vials (or sachets) in a place protected from light.
BISMUTH NITRATE BASIC (Bismuth! subnitras)
Pharmachologic effect. Antacid (reducing the acidity of the stomach), astringent, protecting the lining of the stomach.
Indications for use. As an astringent, weak antiseptic (disinfectant), fixing agent for gastrointestinal diseases. It also has a local astringent and anti-inflammatory effect.
Method of application and dose. Inside, 0.25-1 g (children 0.1-0.3-0.5 g) per reception 4-6 times a day before meals for 15-30 minutes. Locally 1-2 times a day for dermatitis (skin inflammation), erosions (surface defects) and small skin ulcers.
Side effect. With prolonged use in high doses, methemoglobinemia (increased levels of methemoglobin in the blood).
Release form. Powder; 10% ointment.
Storage conditions. In a sealed container, protected from light.
Bismofalk (Bismofalk)
Pharmachologic effect. Combined preparation containing bismuth nitrate basic and bismuth subgallate. An antiulcer agent with bactericidal (destroying bacteria) activity against Helikobacter Pylori, a microorganism that is considered as one of the causes of the onset and recurrence (recurrence) of chronic gastritis (inflammation of the gastric mucosa) and peptic ulcer.
In the acidic environment of the stomach and duodenum, bismuth subgallate and bismuth subnitrate form complexes with glycoproteins (proteins) released from the damaged mucosa. This resulting complex containing bismuth forms a protective layer on the surface of erosions (mucosal defects) and ulcers, which protects them from the effects of hydrochloric acid and pepsin (an enzyme that decomposes peptides and proteins). The drug enhances the processes of regeneration (recovery) of the mucous membrane, increases the production of mucus and improves its protective properties.
Indications for use. Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum; chronic gastritis in the acute stage; a feeling of fullness in the epigastric region (the area of \u200b\u200bthe abdomen, located directly under the convergence of the costal arches and the sternum).
Method of application and dose. The drug is prescribed orally 2 tablets 3 times a day for 1-2 hours before meals. Tablets are taken without chewing, with a small amount of liquid. The duration of treatment is determined by the clinical course of the disease and should be at least 4 weeks, even with a rapid improvement in the condition or the disappearance of complaints. At the same time, as with all bismuth preparations, the duration of treatment should not exceed 8 weeks. If necessary, a second course should take a break lasting 8 weeks.
Since the drug acts most actively in the acidic contents of the stomach, antacids (drugs that reduce the acidity of the stomach), as well as milk, should not be taken simultaneously with bismofalk. If necessary, these funds are taken no earlier than 30 minutes before taking bismofalk or 30 minutes after taking it, so as not to weaken the action of bismofalk.
Side effect. Possible dark color of feces due to the formation of bismuth sulfide. With prolonged use in high doses, the development of encephalopathy (brain diseases associated with the accumulation of bismuth in the central nervous system, characterized by its degenerative changes) is possible.
Contraindications. Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug; severe renal failure; pregnancy; lactation. The drug is not prescribed to children under 14 years of age.
Release form. Tablets containing bismuth nitrate basic 0.1 g and bismuth subgallate 0.05 g each, in a package of 100 pieces.
Storage conditions.
Basic bismuth nitrate is also included in the preparations of neoanuzol suppositories, vikair tablets, vikalin tablets.
BISMUTH SUBSALICYLATE (Bismuth subsalicylate)
Synonyms: Desmol.
Pharmachologic effect. Antiulcer and antidiarrheal (antidiarrheal) agent, which also has an enveloping and antimicrobial effect. Forms an insoluble protective coating at the site of ulcer localization. Increases the resistance of the mucous membrane to the action of pepsin (an enzyme that decomposes peptides and proteins), hydrochloric acid and enzymes. Increases the production of mucus in the stomach and improves its protective properties. The drug has a nonspecific antidiarrheal effect; usually diarrhea (diarrhea) is stopped (removed) within 24 hours.
Indications for use. Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in the acute stage; chronic gastritis (inflammation of the gastric mucosa) with normal or increased secretory function (formation of gastric juice) in the acute stage; diarrhea of various origins.
Method of application and dose. For the treatment of peptic ulcer, 2 tablespoons of the drug (or 2 tablets) are prescribed every 4 hours, but not more than 6 times a day.
Adults for the treatment of diarrhea are prescribed 2 tablespoons (or 2 tablets) of the drug every 0.5-1 hour (but not more than 8 times a day).
For the treatment of diarrhea, children are prescribed the drug every 0.5-1 hour (but not more than 8 times a day) in the following single doses: at the age of 3-6 years - 1 teaspoon (or Uz tablets), 6-9 years - 2 teaspoons (or 2/3 tablets), 9-12 years - 1 tablespoon (or 1 tablet). For children under 3 years of age, the drug is prescribed in doses based on the child's body weight as prescribed by the doctor.
If diarrhea lasts more than 48 hours or is accompanied by fever (a sharp rise in body temperature), a doctor's consultation is necessary.
The gel is shaken before use.
Side effect. Possible darkening of the tongue, dark staining of feces.
Contraindications. Information about allergies to acetylsalicylic acid and other salicylates in history (medical history).
With caution, the drug is prescribed to sick and breastfeeding women.
Exercise caution when prescribing the drug to patients taking anticoagulants, antidiabetic agents or anti-gout agents.
Release form. Tablets containing 0.262 g of bismuth subsalicylate, in a package of 30 pieces. Gel in vials of 237 ml (1 ml - 0.0175 g of bismuth subsalicylate).
Storage conditions. In a carefully sealed package, protected from light.
BISMUTH SUBCITRATE (Bismuth! subnitras)
Synonyms: Bisnol, Ventrisol, Tribimol, De-Nol, Biscolvdtrat, De-Noltal, Duozol, Ulceron, Bizmat, etc.
Pharmachologic effect. Antiulcer agent with bactericidal (destroying bacteria) activity against Helicobacter pylori - microorganisms, which, apparently, in some cases contribute to the occurrence of chronic gastritis (inflammation of the gastric mucosa) and recurrent (periodically recurring) peptic ulcer.
In the acidic environment of the stomach and duodenum, it forms a protective film on the surface of ulcers and erosions (mucosal defects), which contributes to their scarring, increases the resistance of the mucous membrane to the effects of pepsin (an enzyme that decomposes peptides and proteins), hydrochloric acid and enzymes. Increases the activity of cytoprotective (cell-protecting) mechanisms, increasing the synthesis of prostaglandin ei and the secretion (release) of bicarbonates.
Indications for use. Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum. Exacerbation of gastroduodenitis (inflammation of the stomach and duodenum) in patients with peptic ulcer. Gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining) caused by Helicobacter pylori.
Method of application and dose. The drug is prescribed 1 tablet 3 times a day 30 minutes before breakfast, lunch and dinner and for the 4th time before bedtime. The tablet is washed down with 1-2 sips of water (but not milk). Treatment is carried out within 4-6 weeks. If necessary, it can be extended up to 8 weeks. After this, you should take a break for 8 weeks, during which you should not take other drugs containing bismuth.
If a Helicobacter pylori bacterium is found in a patient, it is rational to combine treatment with the drug with oral administration of metronidazole 0.25 g 4 times a day for 10 days and / or amoxicillin 0.25 g 4 times a day for 10 days. In order to consolidate the remission (temporary weakening or disappearance of the manifestations of the disease) of diseases associated with Helicobacter pylori, as well as stable sanitation (elimination and prevention of diseases) of the mucous membrane, it is advisable to conduct 3-4 two-week courses of antibiotic therapy (bismuth) during the first year.
subcitrate + amoxicillin, or bismuth subcitrate + metronidazole, or bismuth subcitrate + furazolidone).
30 minutes before and after taking the drug, you should refrain from taking food, liquids and antacids (reducing the acidity of the stomach) funds.
The drug reduces the absorption of tetracycline.
When combined with other drugs containing bismuth, the risk of increasing the concentration of bismuth in the blood plasma increases.
Side effect. Perhaps the appearance of nausea, vomiting, more frequent stools. Against the background of taking the drug, it is possible to stain the feces in a dark color, as well as a slight darkening of the tongue. With prolonged use of the drug in high doses, the development of encephalopathy (brain diseases associated with the accumulation of bismuth in the central nervous system, characterized by its degenerative changes) is possible.
Contraindications. Severe renal dysfunction, pregnancy, breastfeeding. The drug is not prescribed to children.
Release form. Tablets of 0.12 g of bismuth subcitrate.
Storage conditions. In tightly closed packages, protected from light.
Gastrofarm (Gastropharm)
Pharmachologic effect. Combined preparation containing dried bacterial bodies of Lactobacillus Bulgaricus and their metabolic products, protein (25-30%), sucrose. Stimulates the processes of regeneration (recovery) in the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum, regulates the functions of the gastrointestinal tract.
Indications for use. Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in the acute phase; chronic gastritis (inflammation of the stomach) in the acute phase.
Method of application and dose. Assign inside 1-2 tablets 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals. If necessary, the dose is increased to 8-12 tablets per day. The course of treatment is 30 days.
Side effect. Not found.
Contraindications. Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Release form. Tablets in a package of 6 pieces.
Storage conditions. In a dry place.
DALARGIN (Dalarginum)
Pharmachologic effect. Of the pharmacological properties of dalargin, its antisecretory (suppressing the secretion of digestive juices) activity, the ability to accelerate the healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers, as well as hypotensive (lowering blood pressure) action deserve the most attention.
Indications for use. The drug is recommended for use as a therapeutic agent for exacerbations of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum.
Dalargin is also used in the complex therapy of obliterating diseases of the lower extremities (diseases associated with impaired blood flow through the arteries of the lower extremities) and alcoholism.
Method of application and dose. With peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, dallargin is prescribed intravenously or intramuscularly. Single dose 0.001 g (1 mg). Intramuscularly administered in 1 ml, and intravenously - in 5-10 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution. Intramuscular injections are done 2 times, and intravenous 1 time per day. One-time if necessary
the dose is increased to 0.002 g (2 mg), daily (intramuscularly) - up to 5 mg. The course of treatment lasts 3-4 weeks. The total dose of the drug for the course of treatment is 30-50 mg.
With severe pain symptoms, it is possible to simultaneously prescribe antacids (reducing the acidity of the stomach) agents.
A positive effect of dalargin (intravenous slow administration of 1 mg in 10 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution) on the mental functions of patients with alcoholism was also noted.
Solutions for injection are prepared immediately before use.
Side effect. Dalargin injections are usually well tolerated; possible decrease in blood pressure.
Contraindications. The drug should not be used during pregnancy and severe hypotension (low blood pressure).
Release form. Lyophilized (dehydrated by freezing in a vacuum) powder or porous mass in ampoules of 0.001 g (1 mg) in a package of 5 pieces.
Storage conditions. List B. In a place protected from light at a temperature not exceeding +20 ° C.
FLAKARBIN (Flacarbinum)
Pharmachologic effect. A combined drug that has an antispasmodic (relieves spasms), capillary strengthening (strengthening the walls of the smallest blood vessels), anti-inflammatory effect.
Indications for use. Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum.
Method of application and dose. Inside the granules, "/2 teaspoons 3 times a day before meals, drinking"/2 cups of warm water. Course - 3-4 weeks.
Side effects and contraindications. Not identified.
Release form. Granules in vials of 100 g. 100 g contains: licuraside and quercetin - 2 g each, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and pectin - 10 g each, glucose - 76 g.
Storage conditions. In a dry place protected from light.
Enveloping preparations for the stomach are currently in great demand. Most of them can be bought in pharmacies without a prescription. diseases of the stomach are widespread and widespread. Millions of people around the world suffer from gastritis and ulcers. Many of them are children and teenagers. The list of these medicines is large. It includes herbal preparations and drugs of synthetic origin. It is known that the basis of acute and chronic gastritis, as well as gastric ulcers, is the damaging effect of various factors on the mucosa of the organ. Enveloping agents allow you to create a protective film on the surface of the mucosa, due to which the pain syndrome is eliminated and the organ itself is protected. What drugs are most often used and for which diseases are enveloping agents indicated?
Characteristics of enveloping agents
Enveloping products are distinguished by the fact that they contain special components that can react with water, forming suspensions or colloidal solutions. These substances are evenly distributed in the cavity of the organ, reducing the sensitivity of nerve endings. Enveloping preparations for the stomach are indicated for the following diseases and conditions:
- acute gastritis;
- chronic gastritis;
- peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum;
- inflammation of the pancreas;
- enteritis;
- colitis;
- burns of the gastric mucosa.
Interesting is the fact that these funds can be used externally. This is observed with burns, frostbite, traumatic injuries of the skin. These medicines and herbal remedies have the following therapeutic effects on the stomach and other organs of the gastrointestinal tract:
- enveloping;
- antiemetic;
- painkillers;
- antidiarrheal.
Almost always, enveloping agents are combined with the use of antacids and proton pump blockers. This is observed with gastritis with high acidity of gastric juice.
Classification of enveloping agents
To date, pharmacies have a huge selection of these medicines. Various herbal products can be used. A feature of all of them is that they do not enter the general bloodstream and completely enter the stomach. The list of enveloping agents of plant (natural) origin includes:
- starch;
- flax seeds;
- liquorice root;
- oats;
- comfrey;
- white clay.
The easiest option is to use potato or corn starch. This agent is poorly soluble in cold water, but in warm and hot water it forms a mixture of envelops (colloids). Starch can be taken orally or used as an enema. In the pharmacy chain, starch is sold in the form of a powder. It must be stored in a dry place. Flax seeds are often used in the complex therapy of gastritis and ulcers. Seeds are consumed in the form of a slimy solution. To prepare this mixture, you need to mix 1 part of the seeds with 30 parts of hot water. The mixture should be drunk hot. Seeds are sold in packs. Doctors most often recommend the use of medications for the treatment of stomach diseases. These include Almagel, Phosphalugel, Sucralfate, Vikavir, aluminum hydroxide, magnesia and some others.
application of almagel
Very often, with gastritis or an ulcer, doctors prescribe Almagel. It can be of several types: Almagel A, Almagel NEO. The analogue of this medicine is Maalox. This medication belongs to the group of antacids that have an enveloping effect. It is used as a suspension for oral administration. It helps to increase the pH content of the stomach cavity and forms a protective layer. Its advantage is that it does not form carbon dioxide in the stomach, which is the cause of flatulence in patients. This drug has low toxicity. It does not have an embryotoxic and teratogenic effect.
The therapeutic dose for the treatment of the stomach is selected by the doctor. It is advisable to shake the container thoroughly immediately before taking the drug. This is necessary to obtain a homogeneous suspension. Almagel can be used for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. It is indicated for gastric ulcer, acute and chronic inflammation of the stomach with increased or normal secretion of gastric juice, as well as reflux esophagitis and inflammatory diseases of the small and large intestines. Contraindications include the age of children under 1 month, Alzheimer's disease, renal failure, individual intolerance to the drug.
Phosphalugel for stomach diseases
From the group of enveloping agents, Phosphalugel is very often used.
This medicine is a white gel for oral administration. It neutralizes acids, has an enveloping and adsorbing effect. The latter property is of great importance, as it helps to remove toxic substances from the stomach cavity. This tool can be used for food poisoning in order to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms. The medicine does not have a toxic effect, so it is suitable for adults, children, pregnant women.
The drug has few side effects. These include a violation of the stool (constipation). Phosphalugel is recommended to be taken for gastric ulcers, acute and chronic gastritis, damage to the mucous membrane of an organ against the background of alcohol poisoning or intoxication with acids or alkalis. The indication for its appointment is the presence of dyspeptic syndrome. This medicine is sold without a doctor's prescription. Despite this, the drug is not recommended to be used for a long time without a doctor's prescription.
bismuth preparations
Bismuth-based preparations are very popular. These include bismuth nitrate itself, Vikair, Bismofalk, De-Nol and some others. The mechanism of action of bismuth nitrate is based on the ability to form chelate compounds with protein molecules. Result: the formation of a protective coating. Bismuth preparations are indispensable in the treatment of stomach ulcers. Bismuth nitrate has an astringent, enveloping, slightly antiseptic effect. Bismuth salts are capable of killing Helicobacter pylori.
The latter play an important role in the development of gastritis and peptic ulcer. The undesirable effects of this drug include the formation of methemoglobinemia. This happens with unreasonably long-term use of the drug.
The group of antiulcer drugs includes De-Nol. It is available in the form of coated tablets. The main active ingredient in its composition is bismuth dicitrate. Like bismuth nitrate, it has a bactericidal effect. Other possible therapeutic effects include anti-inflammatory and astringent. The medicine is taken half an hour before meals. The dosage is determined by the doctor. You need to drink the drug for a long time. The course of treatment is from 4 to 8 weeks. You can not take De-Nol during the period of bearing a child and breastfeeding. Side effects include:
- dyspeptic disorders (nausea, vomiting, stool disorder);
- various allergic reactions;
- disruption of the CNS.
Indications for the use of De-Nol: gastric ulcer in the acute phase and chronic gastritis.
Combination preparations, which include Vikavir, give a good effect. It contains magnesium carbonate and bismuth nitrate. Substances exhibit various therapeutic effects, enhancing the effect of the drug as a whole. Vikavir should be consumed one and a half to two hours after a meal.
To date, Vikavir is used in a complex treatment regimen for hyperacid gastritis and stomach ulcers. There are certain contraindications to the use of vikavir. These include gastritis with low acidity, insufficient kidney function, appendicitis, inflammation of the small and large intestines, childhood and hypersensitivity to the components of the drug. Thus, the treatment of diseases of the stomach should be comprehensive. There is no need to self-medicate, because acute pathology of the stomach can turn into a chronic form.
