What made Newton famous. Interesting facts about the scientist Isaac Newton
The whole picture of the world, created by the great English scientist Isaac Newton, still amazes scientists. Newton's merit is that both huge celestial bodies and the smallest grains of sand driven by the wind obey the laws he discovered.
Isaac Newton was born in England on January 4, 1643. At 26, he became a professor of mathematics and physics and taught for 27 years. In the first years of his scientific activity, he became interested in optics, where he made many discoveries. He personally made the first mirror telescope, which magnified 40 times (at that time, a considerable amount).
From 1676, Newton began to study mechanics. The scientist outlined the main discoveries in this area in the monumental work “Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy”. Everything that was known about the simplest forms of motion of matter was told in the Elements. Newton's doctrine of space, mass and force was of great importance for the further development of physics. Only the discoveries of the 20th century, especially those of Einstein, showed the limitations of the laws on which Newton's theory of classical mechanics was built. But despite this, classical mechanics has not lost its practical significance.
Isaac Newton laid out the law of universal gravitation and the three laws of mechanics, which became the basis of classical mechanics. He gave a theory of the motion of celestial bodies, creating the foundations of celestial mechanics. He developed differential and integral calculus, made many discoveries in the science of optics and color theory, developed a number of other mathematical and physical theories. Newton's scientific works were far ahead of the general scientific level of his time, and therefore many of them were obscure to contemporaries. Many of his hypotheses and predictions turned out to be prophetic, for example, the deflection of light in the gravitational field, the phenomenon of light polarization, the interconversion of light and matter, the hypothesis of the Earth being flattened at the poles, etc.
The following words are carved on the grave of the great scientist:
"Here rests
Sir Isaac Newton,
Who by the almost divine power of his mind
first explained
With the help of your mathematical method
The movements and forms of the planets,
The paths of comets, the ebbs and flows of the ocean.
He was the first to explore the diversity of light rays
And the peculiarities of colors resulting from this,
Until that time, no one even suspected.
Diligent, shrewd and faithful interpreter
Nature, antiquities and sacred writings,
He glorified the Almighty Creator in his teaching.
He proved the simplicity required by the Gospel with his own life.
Let mortals rejoice that in their midst
Such an adornment of the human race lived.
Sir Isaac Newton is an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, creator of classical mechanics, who made the greatest scientific discoveries in the history of mankind.
Isaac Newton was born on January 4, 1643 (according to the Gregorian calendar) in the village of Woolsthorpe in Lincolnshire. He received his name in honor of his father, who died 3 months before the birth of his son. Three years later, Isaac's mother, Anna Ayskow, remarried. Three more children were born in the new family. And Isaac Newton was taken in by his uncle, William Ayscough.
Childhood
The house where Newton was born
Ros Isaac closed and silent. He preferred reading to socializing with his peers. He liked to make technical toys: kites, windmills, water clocks.
At the age of 12, Newton began to attend school in Grantham. He lived at that time in the house of the pharmacist Clark. Perseverance and diligence soon made Newton the best student in the class. But when Newton was 16 years old, his stepfather died. Isaac's mother brought him back to the estate and assigned him household duties. But this did not please Newton at all. He did little housekeeping, preferring reading to this boring occupation. One day, Newton's uncle, finding him with a book in his hands, was amazed to see that Newton was solving a mathematical problem. Both the uncle and the school teacher convinced Newton's mother that such a capable young man should continue his studies.
Trinity College
Trinity College
In 1661, 18-year-old Newton was enrolled at Trinity College, Cambridge University as a student sizer (sizar). Such students were not charged tuition fees. They had to pay for their education by doing various jobs at the University or serving rich students.
In 1664, Newton passed his exams, became a student-scholar (scholars) and began to receive a scholarship.
Newton studied, forgetting about sleep and rest. Studied mathematics, astronomy, optics, phonetics, music theory.
In March 1663, the department of mathematics was opened at the college. It was headed by Isaac Barrow, a mathematician, future teacher and friend of Newton. In 1664 Newton discovered binomial expansion for an arbitrary rational exponent. This was Newton's first mathematical discovery. Newton would later discover mathematical method of expanding a function into an infinite series. At the end of 1664 he received a bachelor's degree.
Newton studied the works of physicists: Galileo, Descartes, Kepler. Based on their theories, they created universal system of the world.
Newton's program phrase: "In philosophy there can be no sovereign, except for truth ...". Isn't that where the famous expression came from: "Plato is my friend, but the truth is dearer"?
Years of the Great Plague
The years from 1665 to 1667 were the period of the Great Plague. Classes at Trinity College ended and Newton left for Woolsthorpe. He took all his notebooks and books with him. In these difficult "plague years" Newton did not stop doing science. Through various optical experiments, Newton proved that white is a mixture of all colors of the spectrum. Law of gravity- this is Newton's greatest discovery, made by him in the "plague years". Newton finally formulated this law only after the discovery of the laws of mechanics. And these discoveries were published only decades later.
Scientific discoveries
Newton telescope
At the beginning of 1672, the Royal Society demonstrated reflecting telescope that made Newton famous. Newton became a Fellow of the Royal Society.
In 1686 Newton formulated three laws of mechanics, described the orbits of celestial bodies: hyperbolic and parabolic, proved that the Sun also obeys the general laws of motion. All this was set forth in the first volume of Principia Mathematica.
In 1669 Newton's world system began to be taught at Cambridge and Oxford. Newton also becomes a foreign member of the Paris Academy of Sciences. In the same year, Newton was appointed manager of the Mint. He leaves Cambridge for London.
In 1669 Newton was elected to Parliament. He stayed there for only a year. But in 1701 he was re-elected there. In the same year, Newton retired from his post as professor at Trinity College.
In 1703, Newton became president of the Royal Society and remained in this post until the end of his life.
In 1704, the monograph "Optics" was published. And in 1705 Isaac Newton was awarded the title of knight for his scientific merits. This happened for the first time in the history of England.
The famous collection of lectures on algebra, published in 1707 and called "Universal Arithmetic", marked the beginning of the birth numerical analysis.
In the last years of his life, he wrote the "Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms", prepared a guide to comets. Newton calculated the orbit of Halley's comet very accurately.
Isaac Newton died in 1727 in Kensington near London. Buried in Westminster Abbey.
Newton's discoveries allowed mankind to make a giant breakthrough in the development of mathematics, astronomy, and physics.
Isaac Newton is a great English theoretical scientist. The years of Newton's life are 1642−1727. Life did not spare the great genius. A lot of grief, pain and loneliness befell the scientist. Financial difficulties, social pressure, rejection of ideas, death of mother, mental breakdown. The great Newton survived everything and presented the world with his brilliant ideas of the structure of the world and the Universe. Brief biography of the scientist presented in this article.
Childhood of a young scientist
Newton was born into a farming family of modest means. A few months before his birth, his father died. The baby was born very weak and premature. All relatives believed that he would not survive. Child mortality in those years was simply monstrous. The baby was so small that it fit in a wool mitten. The boy fell out of this ill-fated mitten twice on the floor and hit his head.
At the age of three, the boy remains in the care of his grandparents, as his mother marries a second time and leaves. Later he will be reunited with his mother.
Isaac grew up as a very frail, sickly child. It was absolutely introverted personality- "thing in itself". The child was very inquisitive, making various items: kites, carts with pedals, windmills, and so on. He developed an interest in reading very early. He often retired to the garden with a book and could spend hours studying the material.
In 1660 Isaac entered the University of Cambridge. He belonged to the unsecured students, therefore, in addition to studying, his duties included serving the staff of the university.
The study of optical phenomena
In 1665, Newton was awarded the degree of Master of Arts. In the same year, an epidemic of plague begins in England. Isaac settles in Woolsthorpe. It is here that he begins to study optics in order to understand the nature of light. He is studying chromatic aberration, puts hundreds of experiments that have become classics and are still used in educational institutions.
Studying optics, the scientist at first professed wave nature of light. Light in the form of waves moves through the ether. Then he abandoned this theory, realizing that the ether must have a certain degree of viscosity that would prevent the movement of cosmic bodies, which does not happen in reality.
Over time, the scientist comes to the idea of the corpuscular nature of light. He makes experiments on the refraction of light, the processes of reflection and absorption of the spectrum.
Laws of mechanics
Gradually, from experiments with light, the scientist's idea of the physics of the surrounding world begins to emerge. It will become the main brainchild of I. Newton. Newton studies matter and the laws of its motion in space:
- Thanks to the study of motion, he comes to the conclusion that if there are no significant influences on an object, then it will move uniformly and rectilinearly in space. This conclusion is called Newton's first law.
- The second says that moving bodies can acquire acceleration under the action of forces applied to these bodies. Acceleration is directly proportional to the forces applied to the body and inversely proportional to the mass. It is from the consequences of this law that the understanding of the problems of applied forces comes: what kind of forces they are, how they act, how they arise.
- And finally, the third law is the law of counteraction. The force of action is equal to the force of reaction. With what force I press on the wall, with the same force it presses on me.
Law of gravity
One of the main merits of Newton is the discovery of the law of universal gravitation. There is a myth that a scientist was sitting under an apple tree in the garden and an apple fell on his head. This dawned on the scientist: all bodies are drawn to each other. Mistakes on paper began, endless formulas and, finally, the result - the force of attraction between bodies is proportional to their mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This formula explained the movement of planets and cosmic bodies. Many physicists met this theory with hostility, since its application seemed very doubtful.
Working in Cambridge
After the plague had subsided, Newton returned to Cambridge and entered the mathematics department in 1668. By this time, he was already known in narrow circles as the author of the binomial theory of fluxions - integral calculus.
Working as a teacher, he is improving the telescope - he creates a reflecting telescope. The invention was appreciated representatives of the Royal Society of London. Newton receives an invitation to become a member. However, he refuses under the pretext that he has nothing to pay membership dues. He was allowed to be a member of the club for free.
In 1869, Newton's mother became seriously ill with typhus and was bedridden. Newton loved his mother very much and spent days and nights at the sick bedside. He himself prepared medicines for her, cared for her. However, the disease progressed, and soon the mother died.
Membership in society was painful for Newton. His ideas were often perceived as very oppositional, which upset the scientist very much. It also affected his health. Constant stress and anxiety resulted in a mental disorder. In 1692 there was a fire and all his manuscripts and developments burned down.
In the same year, Newton became seriously ill. For two years he suffered from a mental disorder. He ceased to understand his own works.
The constant need for money and loneliness also caused his illness.
In 1699, Newton was appointed superintendent and director of the mint. This improved the financial position of the scientist. And since 1703 he was elected president of the Royal Society of London with the assignment of a knighthood.
Published Works
We list the main works of the scientist that were published:
- "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy";
- "Optics".
Newton's personal life
Newton spent his whole life in solitude. There are no references to his partners and life partners. It is believed that Isaac was lonely all his life. This, of course, influenced his sublimated switching of sexual energy into creativity. But this same fact served as the basis of his emotional disorders.
In his mature years, the scientist had a large financial wealth and very generously distributed his money to those in need. He said: if you do not help people during your lifetime, then this will mean that you have never helped anyone. He supported all his distant relatives, donated money to the parish in which he was brought up for some time, appointed individual scholarships for talented and capable students (for example, Maclaurin, the famous mathematician).
Throughout his life, Isaac Newton was extremely modest and shy. For a long time he did not publish his works for this reason. Having the rank of director of the Mint, he was very lenient with the employees. Never rude to students and humiliated them. Although the latter often teased the professor.
During his lifetime, Isaac Newton did not take a photo, since at that time photography had not yet been invented, but there is great amount portraits of a scientist.
Since 1725, Newton, already at an advanced age, stopped working. In 1727, a new wave of plague broke out in Great Britain. Newton falls ill with this terrible disease and dies. In England they arrange mourning in honor of the great scientist. He is buried in Westminster Abbey. On his tombstone is the inscription: “Let those living now rejoice that in their world there was such beauty of the human race.”
The greatness and strength of a real scientist is not at all in the number of merits or awards, not in the titles awarded, and not even in the recognition of such by mankind. A true genius is betrayed by his theories and discoveries left to the world. One of the immortal ascetics who seriously “pushed” scientific and technological progress with their ideas was Isaac Newton, whose theories no one will and cannot question the weightiness of. Every student knows about the famous laws discovered by him. But how did his life turn out, how exactly did he go through his earthly path?
Isaac Newton: biography of a man without an apple
It is quite possible that without the discoveries made by this man, the world around us would be completely different from what we know. They allowed science to take such a wide step forward that we can feel the consequences even in the twenty-first century. Based on the teachings of his world-famous predecessors, such as Descartes, Galileo, Copernicus, Kepler, he managed to correctly compile and logically complete their works, bring them to perfection.
Interesting
As a student, the mathematician Newton kept a diary, a kind of notebook. He contributed the most interesting and important, in his opinion, thoughts, hypotheses and theories. There is a phrase that perfectly characterizes him: “In no philosophy can there be a king, except for absolute truth. We must build golden monuments to the great, but at the same time write on each of them that the main friend of the scientist is the true truth.
Briefly about the English mathematician Newton
This man really managed to create a completely new, more realistic picture of the world than the one that people used before. Carrying out entertaining and rather bold experiments for his time, the scientist was able to prove that mixing all the tones of the spectrum as a result will not give darkness, as previously thought, but a perfectly white color. However, this is far from the main thing, because the law of universal gravitation is considered the most outstanding discovery of Newton. There is even a legend about an apple that fell on the head of a mathematician, familiar to everyone since childhood.
The ascetic himself never aspired to fame or fame, and his works were published only a few decades after they were written. He even “scribbled” in a notebook that fame would increase the number of various friends, friends and acquaintances, which could prevent him from continuing to work. He did not show the first treatise to anyone at all, therefore the descendants managed to find it only three hundred years after the death of the great master. The years of Newton's life cannot be called either simple or comfortable, but they certainly were not barren.
Isaac's early years
Isaac Newton Sr., the father of the future luminary of physics and mathematics, was born in the sixth year of the seventeenth century in a tiny village called Woolsthorpe, which is located in Lincolnshire. The physicist himself believed that the family was descended from immigrants from Scotland, and in the fifteenth century there are references to impoverished nobles with a similar surname. However, modern research has shown that even a hundred years before the birth of the scientist, the Newtons were peasants and worked on the land.
The boy grew up, married a decent girl, Anna Ayskow, farmed hard, and even saved up enough money to leave his wife and newborn offspring several hundred acres of good land and more than five hundred pounds of money. From a sudden and fleeting illness, the man died unexpectedly, at a time when his wife was just about to be relieved from the burden. On December 25, just on the Catholic Christmas of 1642, a weak and sickly boy was born without waiting for the deadline, whom it was decided to name in honor of his father - Isaac.
The baby had no other siblings. However, four years later, my mother found an excellent match. She ran out to marry an elderly widower. Despite her husband's advanced age, the woman gave birth to three more children. The kids demanded care and attention, and Isaac was left to himself. The woman simply did not have enough strength and time to pay enough attention to her firstborn. The boy grew up smart, never cried, didn’t whine and didn’t “tighten the blanket”. He was raised by his mother's brother, Uncle William. Together with him, Isaac enthusiastically made various technical gizmos, for example, boats with sails, a water mill or an hourglass.
In 1953, my stepfather ordered me to live long, but my mother never had time for a boy from her first marriage. However, she did not forget to take care of his well-being, she should be given her due. As soon as Anna received the inheritance of her late husband, she immediately copied it over to young Isaac. Only at the age of twelve was the tomboy sent to school in a nearby town called Grantham. So that he would not walk several tens of kilometers on foot every day, they rented a bed for him from a local pharmacist. Four years later, the mother tried to take her son out of school and attach him to the management of the estate, but he was not at all interested in the “family business”.
In addition, the school teacher Stokes, his beloved uncle William, who saw the potential of the young man, also began to ask to send him to the university. The apothecary with whom the boy lodged, and his city acquaintance Humphrey Babington of Cambridge College, joined in the pleas, and the woman relented. Who is Isaac Newton, In the 61st year, no one knew yet.
The guy entered the university and soon took up his favorite thing - science. More than three decades of the life of an outstanding scientist are associated with this educational institution. In the sixty-fourth, he had already compiled for himself a list of unresolved mysteries, mysteries and problems of mankind (Questiones quaedam philosophicae), consisting of more than four dozen items. He was supposed to be able to deal with each of them.
Plague years, glorious for science
The year 1664 was not only fruitful for the young Newton, who had just become interested in mathematics, and also successfully passed the exams, receiving a bachelor's degree, but also terrible for the whole country. In London, houses began to appear, on the facades of which fiery scarlet crosses blazed - a sign of the Great Bubonic Plague, from which there was no escape. She spared neither children nor adults, she did not choose among men or women, she did not divide people into estates and classes. In the summer of 1965, college classes were cancelled. After collecting his favorite books, Isaac went home to the village.
There is even a special historical name for the period of 65-66 years of the seventeenth century - the Great Plague in London. An infectious and terribly contagious disease claimed at least twenty percent of the population of the English capital, successfully spread by hordes of rats. A total of one hundred thousand people died. The dead were taken out of the city, and sometimes they were simply burned in the middle of the streets or along with the dwellings. This caused a colossal fire that claimed several hundred more lives, but helped to cope with the plague.
Optical experiments and the law of universal gravitation
These years were destructive and extremely disastrous for the whole country, but at the same time extremely fruitful for the scientist himself. He could, without being distracted by anything else, engage in his experiments in the wilderness of his native village. At the very end of the sixty-fifth, he had already isolated the differential calculus, and at the beginning of the next year he had already come close to the theory of colors. It was Newton who managed to prove that white light is not primary, but consists of a full spectrum, which he came up with thanks to an experiment with a prism and a directed narrow beam.
By May, Isaac had begun the integral calculus. He began to gradually approach the law of universal gravitation. Based on the knowledge "prepared" in advance by Kepler, Epicurus, Huygens and Descartes, Newton was able to clearly and understandably connect it with the motion of the planets. Moreover, he did not easily calculate the formula, but also proposed a complete working mathematical model, which no one had done before. It is interesting that the legend of the fallen apple, which allegedly prompted the scientist to this discovery, was probably invented by the famous French writer and philosopher Voltaire.
Prominence in scientific circles
In the early spring of 1966, Newton decided to return to the university, but by the summer the plague returned and became even more “furious”, so it was not safe to stay in the city. Only two years later he managed to achieve a master's degree and start teaching. He was no teacher, and the students did not want to go to lectures, shirked in every possible way and even harmed. In 1969, Isaac's tutor, Barrow, insisted on the publication of some mathematical papers. Although the author asked not to reveal his name, he said that we are talking about Newton's developments.
So glory slowly crept up to the great introvert. Already in October 66, he was appointed court chaplain at the invitation of King Charles II himself. It was the dignity of a clergyman, to whom the scientist treated with a share of healthy skepticism. However, he allowed to leave teaching, fully devoting time to science. Total fame came to Isaac only in 1670, after he was enrolled as a member of the Royal Society of London - one of the first Academies of Sciences.
Around this time, he independently developed and independently built a reflecting telescope, which is a design of a lens and a concave mirror, which he presented to the scientific world. The device gave an increase of more than forty times. But to be completely honest, colleagues were not loyal enough to the physicist: conflicts and frictions constantly arose, which Newton did not like very much. After the publication of the work “Philosophical Transactions” in the winter of the 72nd year, a terrible scandal erupted - the inventor Hooke, as well as his friend the Dutch mechanic Huygens, demanded that this work be recognized as unconvincing, since it contradicted their ideas.
In the late seventies, what Newton is famous for, in London, and far beyond its borders, every educated person already knew. But for the philosopher and physicist himself, it was a difficult time. First, a close friend, mentor and former teacher of Barrow died, then a fire broke out in Isaac's house, and only half of the archive was saved. In the seventy-seventh, the head of the Royal Society, Oldenburg, went to the forefathers, and Hooke, who frankly disliked Newton, sat in his place. In addition, Anna, the mother of the scientist, also died in 1979, which was the last crushing blow - the teacher and this woman were the only ones he was always glad to see.
The most famous works of the English scientist
By the eighty-sixth year, the passage of the famous comet across the sky aroused great interest not only in scientific circles, but also among the townsfolk. Edmond Halley himself, thanks to whom the astronomical body got its name, repeatedly asked Newton to publish works on celestial mechanics and the motion of objects. But he did not even want to hear about anything like that. He did not want new disputes, strife and accusations, because the descendants learned about his achievements much later. It was only in 1684 that a treatise on the ellipticity of the orbits of the planets called De motu was presented to the general public. Only two years later, and even then with the personal money of Professor Halley, the work with the final title Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica was published.
In this work, the scientist completely abandons unnecessary and even somewhat interfering metaphysics, which neither Aristotle nor Descartes ever got rid of. He decides not to take anything for granted and does not operate with invented “root causes”, but proves everything he talks about, based on his own observational experience and experiments. He even had to introduce several new concepts, for example, mass or external forces. On this basis, he deduced the three laws of mechanics that children today learn in the sixth or seventh grade.
Management activities in the hands of a scientist
In 1685, the deeply believing Catholic James II Stuart, who was going to revive the church canons, sat on the English throne instead of the previous reasonable ruler. First of all, he ordered the university authorities to award a degree to the monk Alban Francis, who understood the sciences a little better than a cat. The scientific community got excited, it was unheard of. Immediately followed by a summons from representatives of Cambridge to Judge George Jeffreys, who was afraid of all of London. Newton, never afraid of anything, spoke for everyone. Then the case was hushed up, and two years later King James was overthrown, and the scientist himself was elected to the university parliament.
In 1979, the elderly man made the acquaintance of the young Earl Charles Montagu, who immediately realized the magnitude of the luminary of science in front of him. He asked the ruler William III to appoint Newton as the keeper of the Mint, and he agreed. The man took office in 1695. For three years he studied the technological details and carried out a monetary reform. It is said that at the same time the Russian Tsar Peter the Great arrived, but no records of a meeting with Newton or their conversation have been preserved. In the third year of the eighteenth century, Somers, former President of the Royal Society, died, and the great scientist took his place.
Death of a mathematician: in memory of the physicist Isaac Newton
The last years of the famous innovator were held in honor and fame, although he did not want this and did not strive for fame. Finally, by 1705, his "Optics" was published, and Queen Anna conferred a knighthood on the master. Now he must be called Sir Isaac Newton, imprint his own coat of arms everywhere, and keep a pedigree, frankly, very dubious. This did not please the man, but the previously unpublished works, now published, brought true satisfaction. During the last years of his life, he strictly observed the regime, fulfilling the duties assigned to him.
By 1725, the health of the already not very strong old man began to deteriorate rapidly. In order to slightly alleviate the condition and escape from the bustle of the city, the philosopher moved to Kensington, where it was much quieter and the air turned out to be much cleaner. However, this was no longer able to help him: the body slowly “became unusable”, although he did not have any particularly terrible diseases. On March 20 (31), 1727, the life of Isaac Newton ended in a dream. His body was put on public display and then buried in Westminster Abbey.
In memory of the founder of classical mechanics
The magnitude of this scientist, the power and strength of the mind, his assertiveness and methodicalness, led to the fact that even centuries after his death, descendants did not forget about him and are unlikely to forget sometime in the future. An inscription flaunts on his grave indicating his obvious genius, and a monument has been erected in the courtyard of Trinity College, which can be viewed today.
Craters on Mars and the Moon are named after him, and in the international SI there is a quantity (force) measured in newtons. A medal with his initials is awarded annually for merit in the field of physics. There are a huge number of monuments, streets and squares around the world that also bear his name.
Interesting facts about the scientist Isaac Newton
Newton experimented on himself. Exploring the theory of light, he penetrated the pupil with a thin probe and pressed on the fundus of the eye.
The scientist never married and left no descendants behind him.
Despite his studies in science, this man was always deeply religious and did not deny the existence of God. Although the priests considered parasites.
In order to protect coins from swindling of precious metals by scammers, Newton suggested making transverse notches on the ends. This method is still used today.
Not possessing a heroic appearance, as well as being born prematurely, Isaac never suffered from serious illnesses. He never even had a common cold, at least there is no mention of it.
Myths and legends around physics
There is a legend that the master personally made two holes in the door of the house so that cats could freely enter and exit. But the man never had any pets.
It was rumored that he managed to get the post of caretaker of the Mint only thanks to the youth and innocence of his niece, who liked the treasurer Halifax. In fact, the count met the girl later than the scientist took his honorary post.
Many people tell the story that Newton, as a member of parliament, spoke only once, and then with a request to close the window. But records of his performances for all time do not exist.
There is a myth that a man from his youth was interested in astrology and even knew how to predict the future. But no notes from him or his entourage on this issue were ever found.
In recent years, the scientist has been working on some mysterious work. Many believe that he was trying to decipher the Bible. However, no traces of such work were found after his death.
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Biography of Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
Short biography:
Education: Cambridge university
Place of Birth: Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England
A place of death: Kensington, Middlesex, England, Kingdom of Great Britain
- English astronomer, physicist, mathematician: biography with photo, ideas and classical physics of Newton, the law of universal gravitation, three laws of motion.
Sir was an English physicist and mathematician from a poor farming family. His short biography began December 25, 1642 at Woolsthorpe near Grantham in Lincolnshire. Newton was a poor farmer and was eventually sent to Trinity College at the University of Cambridge for training as a preacher. While studying at Cambridge, Newton pursued his personal interests and studied philosophy and mathematics. He received his bachelor's degree in 1665 and was later forced to leave Cambridge as it was closed due to the plague. He returned in 1667 and was admitted to the fraternity. Isaac Newton received his master's degree in 1668.
Newton is considered one of the greatest scientists in history. In the course of his brief biography, he made significant investments in many branches of modern science. Unfortunately, the famous story of Newton and the apple is largely based on fiction rather than real events. His discoveries and theories laid the foundation for further progress in science since that time. Newton was one of the founders of the mathematical branch, which was referred to as calculus. He also unraveled the riddle of light and optics, formulated the three laws of motion, and with their help created the law of universal gravitation. Newton's laws of motion are among the most fundamental natural laws in classical mechanics. In 1686, Newton described his own discoveries in his Principia Mathematica. Newton's three laws of motion, when unified, underlie all interactions of force, matter, and motion, beyond those involving relativity and quantum effects.
Newton's first law of motion is the Law of Inertia. In short, it lies in the fact that an object at rest tends to remain in this state until it is affected by an external force.
Newton's second law of motion states that there is a relationship between unbalanced forces acting on a particular object. As a result, the object accelerates. (In other words, force equals mass times acceleration, or F = ma).
Newton's third law of motion, also referred to as the principle of action and reaction, describes that absolutely for every action there is an equivalent response. After a severe nervous breakdown in 1693, Newton withdrew from his own studies to seek a governorship in London. In 1696 he became rector of the Royal Mint. In 1708 Newton was elected Queen Anne. He is the first scientist to be so honored for his work. From that moment on, he was known as Sir Isaac Newton. The scientist devoted much of his time to theology. He wrote a large number of prophecies and predictions about subjects that were of interest to him. In 1703 he was chosen to be President of the Royal Society and was re-elected every year until his death on March 20, 1727.
